Physical training of the Airborne Forces 1973. Mandatory physical training standards in the army and special services of Russia (6 photos). Methods of training in the USSR Airborne Forces

Physical education and paratrooper training are carried out systematically and continuously. The military work of a paratrooper is not easy: with full combat gear, a forced march to a shooting range or training ground and there on the move - live shooting as part of a platoon or company. And a battalion tactical exercise with landing and live fire is three days of tension, when you cannot relax for a minute. In the Airborne Forces, everything is as close as possible to a combat situation: parachute jumping from an airplane; gathering at the landing site - as in battle, especially at night; searching for your airborne combat vehicle (ACV) and bringing it into combat position - just like in war. Special attention The Airborne Forces devotes itself to moral, psychological and physical training of personnel. Running and forced marches develop excellent endurance in a person. It’s not for nothing that they say in the Airborne Forces: “A paratrooper runs as long as he can, and after that, as long as necessary.”

Warriors called upon to operate deep behind enemy lines and carry out sabotage there must have a high level of physical fitness and corresponding psychological qualities. Among physical qualities Endurance comes first. After all, fulfilling almost any combat mission requires scouts to carry out a forced march of up to 30–50 km. If the object was successfully destroyed, then you only need to escape from pursuit by running, at least 10–15 km at the maximum pace, without stopping “working with your head” in order to “outplay” the enemy. Therefore, it is preferable to select for service in the Airborne Forces those guys who were involved in sports that develop general and strength endurance: swimming, long and middle distance running, cycling, rowing, skiing, sports games, wrestling and boxing. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to find athletes among conscripts (and among contract soldiers too). Therefore, it should be recommended to use simple tests that check the degree of general and strength endurance in men. Below are the standards for two such tests.

The general endurance test is based on measuring the distance a fighter runs in 12 minutes:

More than 2.8 km – excellent,

2.8–2.4 km – good,

2.4–2.0 km – mediocre,

Less than 2.0 km is bad.

The muscle performance test consists of four exercises performed one after the other without a break, 10 times each (push-ups while lying down; from a squat position, throwing your legs back to a lying position; leg lifts from a supine position; from a squatting position, a jump up with full straightening of the legs and torso, hands behind the head). The four exercises together make up one series. 7 episodes – excellent; 5–6 episodes – good; Episodes 3–4 – mediocre; 1-2 episodes – bad. It would be best if the selection of personnel for service in reconnaissance and sabotage units were carried out by specialists: psychologists, doctors, special training instructors. In practice, this is most often done by the commanders of such units themselves. They are usually guided in their choice by the following four criteria:

1. They take into account the young soldier’s personal desire to serve in the airborne forces (if there is no such desire, then it is better to find someone else).

2. Physical suitability for this service is taken into account (in addition to the above tests, it is also mandatory to comply with all standards of the military sports complex without exception).

3. Intellectual suitability is taken into account (it is revealed during a face-to-face conversation, as well as by conducting simple psychological tests for intelligence, such as the Hans Eysenck test, published many times in Russian).

4. The young soldier’s psychological compatibility with other soldiers and sergeants is taken into account (for this purpose, the candidate is placed in a soldier’s team for 2-3 days, and then senior soldiers are asked for their opinion about him).

“No one but us!”, “There are no impossible tasks,” “Even death is not an excuse for not following an order” - the Airborne Forces of the USSR and Russia have been faithful to these mottos for all 85 years of their history. Designed for air coverage of the enemy and combat operations behind enemy lines, the Airborne Forces have always had special requirements for combat training of personnel. Especially today, when combat training is conducted twice as intensively as a year ago, and all exercises are as close as possible to a combat situation. “In case of war, the guys in blue berets will be thrown into the aggressor’s mouth to tear this mouth apart!”

General physical and airborne training(including parachute jumps with full combat gear, day and night, in the most difficult weather conditions), hand-to-hand combat and fire training (not only accurate, but also economical shooting, because every cartridge in the landing force is worth its weight in gold), reconnaissance and communications, camouflage and survival in extreme conditions, extreme medicine and mine demolition, tracking and crossing water obstacles, combat in the city and in the green zone, mountain and arctic training (especially relevant today, when Russia is creating special brigades to protect its interests in the Arctic) – in this manual you will find the necessary information about the entire range of airborne training, because a paratrooper must be a universal fighter!

General physical training

The Manual on Physical Training (NFP-87) states:

“Special objectives of physical training are: for personnel ... units and units: priority development general endurance, the ability to perform long marches on skis and forced marches over rough terrain; improving skills in overcoming special obstacles; formation of readiness for hand-to-hand combat with a numerically superior enemy; nurturing cohesion and improving skills in collective action against the backdrop of great mental and physical stress.”

Additionally physical training paratroopers should help increase resistance to motion sickness and shock overloads on the musculoskeletal system, mental resistance to the effects of heavy physical exertion, as well as fostering courage, determination and self-confidence.

The list of basic exercises included in physical training curricula is as follows: in the following way:

– for personnel of reconnaissance units and units – 2, 3(4), 6(7), 10, II, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31.

Additionally, military personnel learn techniques hand-to-hand combat according to a special program. The barracks are equipped with areas for hand-to-hand combat and strength training. They are equipped with the simplest devices for practicing punches and kicks, a knife, a spatula, a machine gun, as well as projectiles for developing the strength of the muscles of the arms, legs and back. The exercises that are listed in NFP-87 are:

Exercise 2. Running 3 km.

Ratings: “excellent” 12 min 30 sec

“good” 12 min 45 sec

“satisfactory” 13 min 10 sec

Exercise 3. 5 km ski race

Ratings: "excellent" 28 min

"choir." 29 min

"satisfied" 30 min

Exercise 4. 5 km cross-country (for snow-free areas).

Rating: "excellent" 24 min

"choir." 25 min

"satisfied" 26 min.

Exercise 6. Pull-ups on the bar.

Rating: "excellent" 13 times

"choir." 11 times

"satisfied" 9 times

Exercise 7. Complex strength exercise.

Performed for 1 minute: for the first 30 seconds, the maximum number of bends forward until your hands touch your toes from a position lying on your back, hands on the belt, legs secured (slight bending of the legs is allowed, when returning to the starting position, the shoulder blades must touch the floor); then turn into a lying position and, without a pause for rest, perform for 30 seconds the maximum number of flexions and extensions of the arms in a lying position (body straight, bend your arms until your chest touches the floor).

Rating: "excellent" 48 times (bends and push-ups together)

"choir." 44 times

"satisfied" 40 times

Exercise 10. 100 m run.

Rating: "excellent" 14.1 sec

"choir." 14.6 sec

"satisfied" 15.6 sec.

Exercise 11. Jumping legs apart:

– through a gymnastic “goat” in length – the height of the apparatus is 125 cm, a bridge 10–15 cm high is installed 1 m from the apparatus; the jump is performed from a running start;

– through the “horse” in length – the height of the projectile is 115 cm, the bridge with a height of 10–15 cm can be installed arbitrarily; the jump is performed from a running start by pushing the hands against the far half of the projectile.

Two attempts are allowed.

Exercise 12. Complex exercise for dexterity.

It is carried out in any room or on a flat area with grass. On the command “March”, run 10 m from a high start, perform two somersaults forward, make a circle with a jump, two somersaults forward, run 10 m in the opposite direction. When performing somersaults in the hall, the use of mats is permitted.

Rating: "excellent" 10 sec

"choir." 10.6 sec

"satisfied" 11.2 sec.

Exercise 13. Bending and extension of the arms with simultaneous swings of the legs on the uneven bars.

Rating: "excellent" 9 times

"choir." 6 times

"satisfied" 4 times.

Exercise 22. March on skis 10 km as part of a unit.

Each participant starts in full combat gear. The unit must arrive at the finish line in full strength with a stretch of no more than 100 m and without loss of weapons and equipment. Mutual assistance is permitted without the transfer of weapons, gas masks and other items of equipment. Time is determined by the last participant.

Rating: "excellent" 1 hour 15 min

"choir." 1 hour 20 min

"satisfied" 1 hour 25 min.

Exercise 23. Forced march as part of a unit. The conditions are the same as when throwing on skis.

at 5 km: “excellent.” 27 min

"choir." 28 min

"satisfied" 29 min

"excellent" 56 min

"choir." 58 min

"satisfied" 1 hour.

Exercise 24. General control exercise on a single obstacle course.

Rating: "excellent" 2 min 25 sec

"choir." 2 min 30 sec

"satisfied" 2 min 40 sec.

Exercise 25. Special control exercise on the obstacle course.

If the previous exercise was performed without a machine gun, then this exercise is performed with a machine gun, a magazine bag, two magazines and a gas mask. Distance - 400 m. Starting position - standing at the side of the armored personnel carrier (weapon in hand, gas mask in the bag): climb into the model of the armored personnel carrier over the side, jump off the opposite side, run 200 m along the path towards the first trench, run around the flag, jump into trench and put on a gas mask, jump out of the trench and run along the log through the ravine, jump from the log to the ground, overcome the rubble, jump into the ditch, take a box weighing 40 kg from the rear parapet and transfer it to the front parapet, then again to the rear. Take off the gas mask and put it in the bag, jump out of the ditch, run through the passages of the maze, run up the inclined board onto the fence, go onto the beam, run along it, jumping over gaps, and jump to the ground from the end of the last section of the beam, jump over the destroyed stairs , stepping on each step, and jump off the last step to the ground. Overcome the wall, jump into the well, run along the communication path to the trench, throw an anti-tank grenade weighing at least 1 kg at 15 m along a shield measuring 2×1 m, if the first grenade does not hit the target, continue throwing (but no more than three grenades) until hit target, jump out of the trench and cross the front garden, climb into the lower window of the facade of the house, from there into the upper window, go to the beam, walk along it, jump to the first platform, from it to the second, jump to the ground, jump over the trench.

Rating: "excellent" 3 min 25 sec

"choir." 3 min 30 sec.

"satisfied" 3 min 45 sec

Exercise 26. Overcoming a single obstacle course as part of a unit.

Platoon commanders, company commanders and their deputies perform the exercise as part of the units being tested. Performed as part of the department. Grade:

up to 4 people "excellent" 3.50 "good" 4, 15 "satisfactory" 4.40

up to 7 people "excellent" 4.15 "good" 4.40 "satisfactory" 5.05

up to 10 people "excellent" 4.40 "good" 5.05 "satisfactory" 5.30

Exercise 27. Running over an obstacle course as part of a unit.

Same conditions as in No. 26, but first run 1000 or 3000 meters and then cross the strip.

Exercise 28. Swimming in uniform with a weapon (machine gun).

Performed in casual clothes, boots are removed and placed behind the waist belt in front or behind. The exercise is considered failed if weapons or uniform items are lost.

Rating: "excellent" 100 m

"choir." 75 m

"satisfied" 50 m

Or 100m swim sports uniform, if there are no conditions for swimming in uniform.

Rating: breaststroke

"excellent" 2.05

"choir." 2.20

"satisfied" 2.50 freestyle

"excellent" 1.50

"choir." 2.05

"satisfied" 2.35

When preparing for tactical exercises, two to three weeks before their start, the content of physical training classes includes forced marches of 10–15 km with overcoming an obstacle course; techniques for removing the sentry; paired exercises in the form of training fights with weapons and improvised means. Forced marches are planned in all forms of physical training and are carried out every other day. Three to four days before the exercise, physical training classes with high physical activity stop. For long periods of preparation for tactical exercises or combat operations (up to two months), physical training classes are conducted in stages. At the first stage, the content of the classes includes running 100 m, 400 m, 3 km and strength exercises, at the second stage – running 3–5 km, overcoming an obstacle course and hand-to-hand combat, at the third stage – running 100 m, 400 m and hand-to-hand combat, at the fourth stage - forced marches of 10–15 km with overcoming an obstacle course and hand-to-hand combat.

It should be noted that paratroopers can successfully solve the tasks assigned to them only if they are able to independently make decisions in accordance with the developing situation. After all, it is impossible to foresee all possible cases in advance. And the officer may not be with the soldier at a critical moment. Therefore, the commander must teach soldiers and sergeants to think with their own heads, which is both difficult and unusual for many. And the commander must also be confident in his subordinates, in their moral and volitional qualities and psychological reliability. In the course of special research, it was established that the ideal fighter is one who has the so-called “passive-aggressive type” of character; intelligence above average by at least 10–15 points: prone to risk (but not adventurism); usually blames himself for his failures, and not “circumstances” or other people; values male friendship; is independent in his assessments and decisions; knows how to quickly adapt his behavior depending on the situation. Those who think that these and similar qualities are not of particular importance should be reminded that airborne troops operate in isolation from their troops, on enemy territory, and not for a couple of hours, but for several days or even several weeks. At the same time, they constantly “play hide and seek” with the enemy and are deprived of the right to make mistakes. Paratroopers pay for mistakes with their lives, not counting the unfulfilled combat mission, which ultimately means many lives of other servicemen. Therefore, paratroopers should indeed exceed the average soldier level in all respects.

Surely everyone who plays sports at least a little and tries to keep themselves in good physical shape is interested in the standards that contract military personnel are required to pass. Next, we bring to your attention the mandatory standards of physical training in the army, airborne forces and special forces.

CONTRACTORS

Contract service can be divided into several categories: by age groups and by gender. Yes, yes, women also serve under contract. By age, standards are divided into two categories: up to 30 years and over 30 for men, up to 25 years and over 25 for women. You must sign your first contract between the ages of 18 and 40. Physical training standards consist of three levels: strength training, speed data and your endurance level. Therefore, it includes such types as push-ups, pull-ups, running and skiing. Let's look at all this in more detail.

Men under 30 years old:

Pull-ups on the bar: 10 times
- push-ups: 45 times
- 60 meter run: 9.8 seconds
- 100 meter run: 15.1 s.
- shuttle run 10x10 meters: 28.5 s.
- 3 km run: 14.4 minutes
- 1 km run: 4.2 min.
- ski race (5km): 28 minutes

Men over 30:

Pull-ups on the bar: 8 times
- push-ups: 40 times
- 60 meter run: 10 seconds
- 100 meter run: 15.8 s.
- shuttle run 10x10 meters: 29.5 s.
- 3 km run: 15.5 minutes
- 1 km run: 4.45 min.
- ski race (5km): 29 minutes

As you can see, age standards differ, but not that much, so the older generation regular training they are quite tough. Now let's move on to the fair sex.

Women under 25 years old:

Bend your body forward: 25 times
- push-ups: 12 times
- 60 meter run: 12.9 seconds
- 100 meter run: 19.5 s.
- shuttle run 10x10 meters: 38 s.
- 1 km run: 5.20 min.

Women over 25 years old:

Bend your body forward: 20 times
- push-ups: 10 times
- 60 meter dash: 13.9 seconds
- 100 meter run: 20.5 s.
- shuttle run 10x10 meters: 39 s.
- 1 km run: 5.45 min.

The airborne troops have always been considered the elite of the Russian army, so their physical training standards are especially interesting. Paratroopers are extremely required high level endurance. So, let's look and analyze:

Pull-ups on the bar: 13 times
- 100 meter run: 14.1 seconds
- 3 km run: 12.3 minutes
- 5 km cross: 24 minutes
- cross-country skiing 5 km: 28 minutes
- 10 km ski march: 1 hour 15 minutes
- forced march as part of a unit: 56 minutes
- overcoming the obstacle course: 2 minutes 25 seconds
- swimming in uniform with weapons: 100 meters
- special complex hand-to-hand combat: assessed by a point

In addition to everything there are several power complexes and a series of obstacle course challenges.

SPECIAL SERVICES: SPECIAL PURPOSE UNITS “VYMPEL”, “ALFA”, FSO SPECIAL FORCES

And now, perhaps, the most delicious thing. To meet these requirements, you will have to work hard in the gym.

Pull-ups on the bar: 25 times
- push-ups: 90 times
- bench press: 10 times (weight not less than your own, but not more than 100 kg)
- press lying on your back: 100 times
- shuttle run 10x10 meters: 25 seconds
- 100 meters run: 12.7 seconds
- 3 km cross: 11 minutes
- jumping up with changing legs: 90 times

This entire list is also complemented by demonstrations of punching and kicking techniques and participation in various sparring fights. And a standard exercise, which we even decided to separate from all the others - KSU (complex strength exercise). This includes: 10 push-ups from the floor, 10 presses lying on your back, 10 times crouching - lying down, 10 times jumping up from a crouching position. And this complex must be performed 8 times in a row without a break!
As we can see, everyone’s loads are different. For contract service, the standards are not so strict, and most sports people they will be completed without any problems. Then, of course, everything is not so simple - for the level of the Airborne Forces and special services you need to be a real athlete.

Training in the Airborne Forces

There are not so many men left in Russia now who are ready to serve in the army. Only a few are willing to repay their debt to their homeland, but there are still such brave guys. Without a doubt, they prepare for service in advance and, before being distributed into units, they have a rough idea of where they want to go. Some people want to join the border troops, some want to join the motorized rifle troops, and many want to join the elite airborne troops.

After all, it is there that the physical training of the Airborne Forces is a priority. Every soldier serving in the Airborne Forces will always have an excellent uniform at the end of his service, which will be the envy of many. Airborne Forces training itself consists of a complex of various activities that are repeated cyclically throughout the entire period of military service. If you want to get in excellent physical shape, as well as undergo an excellent airborne combat training course, then you simply need to go serve in the airborne troops. Yes, it won’t be easy and simple for you there, but all your work will not be in vain, but will benefit your body.

Advice on physical preparation for service in the Airborne Forces

What can you advise a conscript who is going to serve in the airborne troops or special forces? Of course, this is a very interesting question, because it is better to come to the army unit at least a little prepared than completely unprepared. Preparation for airborne service should first of all include training the future soldier in hand-to-hand combat skills, coordination of movements, and endurance. Of course, the ability to perform simple everyday tasks will not be superfluous - no one has yet canceled hemming.

Before serving in the army, it wouldn’t be a bad idea to take care of your physical fitness, and also start living in compliance with the regime... Waking up at 6 in the morning and going for a run is one of the main tasks of the future paratrooper. The airborne training program in the unit is very difficult and everything described above will help you get into the training rhythm easier. Probably the most important thing is that the young fighter is prepared psychologically and does not break down when difficulties arise. It is morally necessary to be prepared for the fact that at first it will be difficult, but through work and effort the young soldier will become a real paratrooper.

The training of airborne forces is well shown on the Internet in various videos. A huge number of programs will make you think about your choice. Of course, ideally, review all thematic collections, but you can at least master one of them. The skills acquired thanks to these videos will also help you more easily transfer to military service in airborne units.

Much attention is paid to shooting. For a paratrooper, this is a very important aspect. In any branch of the military you must be able to shoot confidently and accurately. This ideally requires a lot of practice. A conscript will be able to get maximum practice in the airborne forces. The Airborne Forces training program is set up so that every employee can train and shoot at a good level.

Airborne combat training is the most important aspect in the training of a young soldier. As you know, since 2013, Russia has adopted a law to increase training on this point. Most classes will now be conducted at night, which is much more difficult than training during the day. The skills acquired during combat training will be useful to any soldier during service. Outside the part. And all these skills will no doubt come in handy in everyday life after the army. A variety of complexes for soldiers, developed over the years, will help any soldier acquire indispensable skills to protect civilians from a potential enemy.

Training methods in the USSR Airborne Forces

It is a known fact that paratroopers who served in the Soviet army are considered more prepared than their successors. At least the 90s and “zero” years are not considered the standard of military service in all branches of the military. Fortunately, the situation is changing now and there is a tendency to return to the role of combat training for conscripts and, even more so, contract soldiers.

The training of airborne forces in the USSR occupied a very important place. In those troubled times, when at any moment the enemy could invade the territory of the union, every paratrooper was obliged to be trained to the highest level. And representatives of the airborne troops were trained exactly like this. Each of them, without hesitation, would give his life for his homeland, for the country, for the people he loved. Moral preparation, like physical one, was also at the same level in those years. In modern years, Russia and the CIS countries have adopted best practices from that airborne training program. Old practices work without a doubt. Why look for something new if the methods that have been proven over the years work flawlessly. There is no doubt that it never hurts to introduce a bit of innovation into the learning process, but the main thing here is not to overdo it and remember your history.

Generations that won different wars pass on their experience in units even now. A real paratrooper will respect what they have achieved. We hope that wars like World War II will never happen again on our soil, and throughout the world as well.

Voentorg “Voenpro” wholeheartedly wishes future paratroopers good service and to become our irreplaceable shield, as our grandfathers and great-grandfathers were in former times. Serve your Motherland so that you are not ashamed, and we will pray for you and your health.