How sports games affect our body? The influence of sports games on the development of human physical qualities The influence of sports games on human health

Kovalenko Margarita Timofeevna
Position: teacher
Educational institution: MOU SOSH village Rodnichok them. V.P. Sergeeva
Locality: Saratov region, Balashovsky district, Rodnichok village
Material name: DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN LESSON in physical culture in grade 7
Topic: Influence sports games on human health. Basketball
Date of publication: 30.01.2017
Chapter: secondary education

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL S. SPRING NAMED AFTER VSEVOLOD PAVLOVICH SERGEEV BALASHOV DISTRICT OF SARATOV REGION"
DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPEN LESSON
on physical education in grade 7
"Impact of sports games

on human health.

Basketball"

Prepared by the teacher

physical culture

MOU SOSH s. Spring "

Kovalenko Margarita Timofeevna

2016 year
1

Annotation of the physical education lesson "Influence

sports,

outdoor games for human health. Basketball "for grade 7 students
The lesson was prepared for the section of the program "Basketball" and "Fundamentals of Knowledge" (theoretical part) using computer technology (presentation). The topic of the presentation is "The influence of sports, outdoor games on the human health of students through health-preserving technologies at physical education lessons" on the example of basketball. Viewing presentation slides is provided in the introductory part of the lesson in the gym. These slides are designed to familiarize students with the concept of "healthy lifestyle", they should: - contribute to the education of habits and the need for a healthy lifestyle; - to instill the skills of managing your health; - to form an active position among students in maintaining and strengthening their health; - to bring up a socially significant person; - help children find harmony of body and soul. Viewing slides will allow students to learn how sports and outdoor games affect human health. In the introductory part of the lesson, students are encouraged to perform general physical exercises. In the course of execution, students explain the effect of each exercise on the body and the technique of execution. (work on stations) The main part of the lesson includes the following tasks: 1. Formation healthy way life. 2. Improvement of the ORU complex with basketballs. 3. Securing the dribble in place and in motion. 4. Improve technique games: - passing the ball from the chest with two hands; - throws into the ring. 5. Develop speed abilities. In the final part of the lesson, tasks for relaxation are proposed in order to relax and recover, to raise their mood. During the implementation of the lesson, I pursued the following goals and objectives: - promoting the formation of personal ideas about the prestige of a high level of health; - development of skills to use the means of physical culture to improve health; - fostering the desire for self-study physical exercises in order to form a healthy lifestyle. Materials for creating the presentation were taken from the methodological literature: 1. V.I. Lyakh Physical culture textbook for grade 7 students. Moscow, "Education" 2005. 2. S.E. Golomidova Non-standard physical education lessons Grade 7 "Teacher - AST" 2005 3. Internet resources. 2
Summary of physical culture lesson for grade 7 Lesson topic: “The influence of sports, outdoor games on human health. Basketball". The purpose of the lesson: To involve students in playing basketball in order to form the need for a healthy lifestyle and upbringing a harmoniously developed, strong physically, morally enduring citizen of modern society with sports skills Lesson objectives: 1. Formation of a healthy lifestyle 2. Teaching movement techniques, combination techniques techniques: dribbling, throwing, picking up the ball 3. Development of coordination, speed, speed-power qualities. 4. Education of activity, independence, collectivism.
Occupation type:
Educational.
Method

conducting:

frontal,

group,

individual,

game.

Location:
Sports hall Inventory and equipment: laptop, basketballs, rings, exercise equipment Venue: sports hall. Time: 04/25/2014
№

Dozi-

ditching

Organizational

method. directions

Preparatory part
Build, report, greet, report the tasks of the lesson. Fundamentals of healthy lifestyle knowledge 9 min. 2 minutes. Before the lesson, together with the attendants, prepare balls, glasses and other equipment. Pay attention to the form of learning. Remind about ITB in the lesson. HEALTH is an invaluable gift given to man by nature itself. Of course, a nation needs educated, well-mannered, cultured people, but the main thing, and one can hardly argue with this, needs healthy people. Your health and your performance largely depend on the correct organization of the motor regime. Among team sports games 3
basketball takes one of the most honorable places. Basketball is the best fit for the present time. It is difficult to find a sport that combines speed, endurance, strength, agility and, most importantly, intelligence. Regular basketball practice contributes to the formation of a healthy personality. one
Exercises in motion.
Kind of walking:  on toes, fingers locked, hands up;  on the heels, hands behind the head;  on inside feet, fingers in the lock, perform rotational movements;  on outside feet, fingers in the lock, perform wave-like movements in front of the chest. 2 minutes. In a column one by one, distance 2 m. Pay attention to the posture. Hands behind the head, take your elbows to the side. 2 Uniform run 1 min. The pace is calm. Put your foot on the floor from the heel. Running and all the following exercises should be performed with b / w balls. 3 Moving with side steps with the right and left side along the perimeter of the basketball court. 30 sec. On the front lines with the right side, along the side lines - with the left. Lower the pelvis, do not cross the feet. The steps are quick, short. 5 Hold the ball overhead with straight arms. Perform jerks with your hands back at each step. 30 sec. Keep your head straight. 6 Ball in hands in front of chest. Turning the body and deflecting the ball to the side of the leg outstretched forward. 30 sec. Move forward lunges. 7 Walking with the ball rolling around the body at waist level, transferring the ball from hand to hand. 30 sec. Rotate the ball around the body alternately to the right and left sides 4 times. 4
8 Walking with the transfer of the ball from hand to hand under the forward standing foot for each step. 30 sec. Keep the body in an inclined position, head alone, look forward. 9 Hold the "full" ball with bent arms in front of the chest. Moving with lunges, send the ball to the floor and after the rebound, catch it at knee level with straight arms at the elbows. 30 sec. Try to catch a "full" ball. Monitor the consistency of arm and leg movements. 10 Ball in hands in front of chest. Moving with bounces, lift the ball over your head. 30 sec. When jumping with the ball, look up at the ball. Additional exercises for stations 3-4 min. Observe the correctness of exercise 11. Moving at a slow run, stop in two steps. 30 sec. A two-step stop should be performed at the signal of the whistle.
II

Main part
Reinforce the technique of dribbling with a change in direction and speed. 26 minutes Focus on the correct position of the hand on the ball. Focus on dribbling the ball without visual control. one
Repetition exercises
Dribbling the ball with steps and running in a circle, along the sides at the left side of the court, dribble the ball straight, and dribble the ball sideways along the end lines in a low stance of a basketball player. 2 minutes. Before doing the exercise, introduce the student to the rule of "movement" and recall the rule of "dribbling". The floor of the hall is in the right direction and the remaining floor of the hall is in the left. When dribbling the ball in a low stance, the height of the ball's bounce should be reduced by bending the legs. The ball can be dribbled along the diagonal with a cot with a large pad and a "snake". 2 Perform the previous exercise focusing on dribbling without visual control of the ball. 3 min. The person on duty during the lesson distributes special glasses to the students. It is necessary to remind the student of PTB when dribbling without visual control of the ball. 3 Passing in motion in threes
3
Move quickly and accurately without losing the ball. 5
4 1. Gears in motion on "8" in threes.
5
Correct movement around the site in cooperation with partners. 3 Game "Hold the ball" 4 min. Studying on one side of the court is dribbling the ball, trying to knock the ball away from the other player with his free hand. A player is eliminated from the game if he commits the following mistakes:  his ball is knocked out;  K as a etsy m ya and l and holds with 2 hands;  fill the boundary line. The winners are the players whose ball is not knocked out. Players who have been eliminated from the game perform exercise. as instructed by the teacher.
Education

basics

technicians

throw

one hand from above in motion after

reference.
Explaining and showing the exercise. Let me remind you that this throw is most often used to attack the basket in motion from close range. It is based on a two-step technique. The ball is caught under a wide step of the right foot (for right-handers). The next step with the left is shortened, stopping, ends with pushing almost vertically upwards. The ball is carried out on the right hand and at the highest point of the jump, with a gentle movement of the hand, is sent to the backboard. The player lands on both feet. 3 min. Formation in 2 ranks facing the basketball backboard, where the exercise will be shown. When showing, use posters and a video. 6
1 1. Group exercise: speed passes with movement. Standing in two columns at a distance of 5-6m from each other. Opposite each column there is one player, they are passed the ball from the player in front, and then, having received the ball back, they stand at the end of their column. The players who are located opposite the columns perform a return pass and move with side steps to another column for 3 minutes. ... The exercise is performed on the accuracy of passes and endurance of moving players 3 I.P. - with the ball 3-4 meters from the basket to the right. Throwing the ball after a short dribble. 4 minutes Formation in a column of 7. Indicate each column to be located to the right of the shield at an angle of 30-45 degrees. Focus on learning that during a jump, the player takes the ball up and transfers it to the right hand. The main attention is to be paid to throws with reflection from the shield. 4 Educational game (according to simplified rules of the game). 4 minutes The game must be played within the court. You can not use rough tricks, as well as run with the ball in your hands
III
1
Final part

And game

exercises

coordination:
 at the same time circular stroking right hand abdomen, and the left hand of the head; • stroking the head with the right hand and with the left hand, tapping on the thigh. 5 minutes. 30 sec. 2
1.

Repetition of rules and gestures

refereeing basketball games:
• incorrect guidance;  deliberate foot play; • holding the ball; • violation when moving; • a break in the game;  two points;  personal foul; Delay; • push or collision without 30 sec. Keep the body straight, clear movement of the arms. 7
ball; • incorrect hand play;  wide apart elbows 3 Summing up. 4 minutes Formation in one line. Mark the most active students in the lesson. Pay attention to common mistakes. Demonstration of a throw in motion after catching the ball (connection with the subsequent topic of the lesson). D / Z. Simulate a throw in motion; a set of strength exercises. 4
Organized care.
1m In a column one by one. The attendant removes the balls
Appendix to the lesson
8
Horizontal: 1. Basketball trap. (ring) 2. Olympic sport. (basketball) 3. Passing the ball in basketball. (pass) 4. The famous basketball coach from Russia. (Gomelskiy) 5. Basketball hoop. (Basket) 6. The birthplace of basketball. (USA) 7. Russian basketball player who plays in the NBA. (Kirilenko) 9
17. Dense, active defense, forcing the attackers to hasty actions and mistakes. (Pressure) 18. The role of the highest player in the basketball team. (Center) 20. Three steps with the ball. (Jogging) 21. False and distracting actions, movements with the aim of misleading the opponent. (Feints) 23. Attack system. (Attack) 24. Action. (Pass) Vertical: 8.What is the basketball hoop attached to? (shield) 9.One of the best basketball teams in Russia. (CSKA) 10. Breaking the rules in basketball. (foul) 11. Soviet basketball player included in the NBA basketball hall of fame. (Belov) 12. One of the best attacking defenders in the history of the NBA. (Jordan) 13. European basketball champion in 2009 among men's teams. (Spain) 14. Promotion of strikers to the rivals' ring in order to create a numerical advantage and throw the ball into the ring ... (Attack) 15.One of critical criteria selection for basketball. (height) 16. The player's action aimed at hitting the ball into the opponents' ring. (Throw) 19. Advancement of the player with the ball, hitting him to the floor. (dribbling) 22.. Organizing opposition to the attack of opponents, striving to prevent the ball from being thrown into one's own ring. (Defense) 10

Basketball judging gestures
The next series of judges' gestures affects everything that is somehow connected with playing time.
Administrative gestures
basketball referees are associated with the substitution of one player for another, inviting a player to the court, announcing a time-out, as well as a visual demonstration of the countdown (five seconds and eight seconds). In addition, there is a gesture that is used to communicate between the officials and the table officials. eleven

Not everyone loves games team views sports. But those who love are devoted to them with all their hearts. Even today, you can meet like-minded people who get together to play football, volleyball or hockey. Playing sports, in addition to the charge of positive emotions, are of great benefit to the body. Let's find out which one.

General body benefits

If you do not consider any specific team sport, but look in general, then such physical activity is useful in that it includes a variety of activities. Almost all muscle groups are included. Play sports usually include running, jumping, stretching, and other activities. Excess calories are burned, the body's endurance increases, the condition of the cardiovascular system and ligamentous apparatus improves.

Sports games also affect the muscles and the general tone of the body in the most positive way.
Game sports, despite the high risk of injury, have a complex effect on the entire body. If you want to look good and feel good, choose a team sport.

Benefits to character

This sport also affects our spirit in the most positive way. Character is formed, the will to win, the ability to interact in a team, to accept failures correctly.
Also, playing sports forms an analytical mindset, teaches you to plan your actions and analyze mistakes.

Let's see how the most popular playing sports affect the body.

The benefits of football

Men are especially fond of this ball game. But there are women who are not averse to kicking the ball across the field. For example, I was very fond of such physical education classes at school. Why football is good for your health:

• It has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

• Strengthens the immune system.

• Speeds up metabolism.

• Has a general healing effect on the body.

• It has a beneficial effect on the musculoskeletal system.

• Improves endurance and agility, coordination of movements.

• All muscles are involved in the workout.

• Excellent prevention of depression.

• Suitable for combating excess weight.

The benefits of basketball

Such training is also no less beneficial for the body than football. Almost all muscles are also involved, coordination and dexterity, endurance are improved.

The heart, lungs and blood vessels will be happy with such training. When playing basketball, peripheral vision improves, the body is in good shape, a person trains to use his strength wisely.

Basketball affects the musculoskeletal system the best way... If your task is to reset excess weight- take a closer look at basketball. In one game, a person runs an average of 7 km, and due to the combined load, calories are burned very efficiently.

Before training, do not forget to warm up and warm up your muscles and ligaments well to avoid injury.

The benefits of volleyball

When playing volleyball, you need to be especially careful not to injure your knees and fingers. Therefore, when doing it seriously, it is advisable to take care of special protection and learn the technique that will help to avoid mistakes and injuries.
Volleyball is a rather dynamic game and requires constant concentration of attention. What are the benefits of such training for the body?

• Coordination and accuracy of movements are improved.

• Is increasing muscle strength and endurance.

• The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are strengthened.

• The supply of oxygen to the body is improved.

• There is a complex effect on muscles and joints.

• It has a positive effect on vision, trains the eye muscles.

• Volleyball is an excellent prevention of depression.

• Dexterity, flexibility of the body improves.

These are not all team sports. Among all the variety, you can choose training to your liking. Where can a grown man work out? Try to ask friends or in social networks... For example, in our city it is easy to find teams where fans play football. In some sports centers there are sections for adults. And in the courtyards, in the warm season, they sometimes play volleyball or basketball. The main thing is to take the initiative.

A volleyball net, for example, is inexpensive. But, having assembled a yard team of sports fans, you can easily solve the problem of "where to play volleyball." Don't be afraid to make your dreams come true!

Do you like team sports?

Physical exercises are motor actions that correspond in form and content to the tasks of physical education. Conversation is not a means of physical education. The healing forces of nature are not used in the process of physical education as the main condition that enhances the effect of physical exercises.

The compulsory method does not belong to the methods of physical education.

The method of the regulated exercise does not provide for a strong emotional coloring of the educational and training process. The disadvantage of the regulated exercise method is monotony.

The play method can be applied based on any physical exercise. The disadvantage of the play method is the complexity of solving problems of the accentuated development of individual physical and mental qualities.

The main feature of the competitive method is the comparison of the strengths of those engaged in the conditions of an ordered rivalry for the championship. The negative side of the competitive method is the marginal energy and mental costs.

Verbal and sensory methods involve extensive use of words and sensory information.

Thanks to the word, you can communicate the task and formulate the attitude of students towards it, you can guide the process of completing the Assignment, analyze and evaluate the results, and correct the behavior of the students.

By means of sensory methods, visibility is provided, which in physical education is understood very broadly. It is not only visual perception, but also auditory and muscle sensations.

In educational and training sessions and competitions, the word can be used and expressed in the form:

Didactic conversation, discussion;

Instructions (explanation of the task, the rules for their implementation);

An accompanying explanation (concise commentary and remarks);

Instructions and commands (usually in an imperative mood);

Estimates (method of current correction of actions or their results);

Verbal report and mutual explanation;

Self-pronunciation, self-order based on inner speech.

Motor skill is the degree of mastery of the technique of action, in which the concentration of attention is increased on a compound operation, the action takes place under the constant control of consciousness.

Motor skill is the degree of mastery of an action technique, at which movement control occurs automatically and the actions are reliable.

The first stage of learning a motor action is familiarization, primary memorization. The purpose of the first stage of teaching motional action is to teach the basics of the technique of motional action.

The second stage of teaching motor action is the formation of motor skills. The purpose of the second stage of teaching motional action is in-depth detailed learning of the technique of motional action.

The third stage of learning a motor action is the formation of a motor skill. The purpose of the third stage of teaching motional action is the formation of a motional skill, the achievement of motional mastery.

The physical qualities of a person are the functional properties of the body that determine the motor capabilities of a person. Intelligence is not a physical quality.

Strength is a person's ability to overcome external resistance or counteract it through muscle tension. Absolute strength is the total strength of all muscle groups participating in this movement.

Relative strength is a magnitude absolute strength per 1 kg of human body weight. The amount of burden cannot be dosed in relative units to the maximum weight.

The maximum effort method involves the use of limit or near limit weights, 1-2 repetitions are performed in 5-6 approaches, the rest between which is 4-8 minutes.

The max effort method is used to maximize results.

The method of repeated efforts involves exercises with weights that make up 30–70% of the maximum, 4–12 repetitions are performed in 3–6 approaches, the rest between which is 2–4 minutes.

The repetitive effort method is used to build muscle mass.

The method of dynamic efforts involves the use of small and medium weights, 15-25 repetitions are performed in 3-6 approaches, the rest between which is 4-8 minutes.

The method of dynamic efforts is used to develop speed-strength qualities

Quickness is a complex of human functional properties that directly and predominantly determine the speed characteristics of movements and motor reactions. When educating the speed of a simple reaction, the most common method is a repeated, faster response to a suddenly appearing signal. When developing the speed of a complex reaction, exercises are used with a gradually increasing speed of an object, its sudden appearance in different places.

Overall endurance is the ability to perform low-intensity work for extended periods of time using aerobic sources of energy conservation.

Special endurance is the ability to efficiently perform work in a certain labor and sports activities despite physical fatigue.

Agility is the ability to quickly, accurately, expediently and economically solve motor problems. The methodology of dexterity education is based on the systematic learning of new movements, and on exercises that require instant restructuring of motor activity.

Flexibility is the ability to perform large-amplitude movements. Static flexibility is flexibility that allows you to maintain posture and body position. Flexibility is not affected by fatigue. According to prof. : "Any quality can be brought up only through activity."

Chapter 9

General and special physical training

General physical fitness is a process of improving motor physical qualities... Cooper, while controlling the general physical condition, needs to cover in 12 minutes (men under 30) 2.0–2.4 km, and women under 30 1.85–2.15 km. With a compulsory test to determine general physical fitness for a total endurance of 3000 meters, you need to run in a minimum time (men) of 14 minutes 30 seconds, women need to run 2000m in a minimum time (women) of 12 minutes 15 seconds.

Special physical training is the process of developing physical qualities, which ensures the preferential development of those motor abilities that are required for a particular sport. Special physical training includes sports training.

The structure of an athlete's readiness includes a mental element.

An athlete's technical readiness is not related to theoretical knowledge.

Physical fitness is the capabilities of the functional systems of the body.

Tactical readiness is the mastery of the means of sports tactics.

Mental readiness in its structure is strong-willed and special. Strong-willed readiness is associated with such qualities as purposefulness.

The most convenient and informative indicator of the intensity of the load is the heart rate. Physiologists define four zones of stress intensity.

The zero zone is characterized by an aerobic process of energy transformations with a heart rate of up to 130 beats / min for students. With such an intensity of the load, the work of the muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems is somewhat activated, but the oxygen debt does not arise.

The first training zone of load intensity (from 130 to 150 beats / min) is most typical for beginner athletes, since the increase in achievements associated with high oxygen consumption (with the aerobic process of its metabolism in the body) occurs in them starting with a heart rate of 130 beats / min. In this regard, this milestone is called the “threshold of readiness”.

In the second training zone (from 150 to 180 gifts / min), anaerobic mechanisms of energy supply of muscle activity are actively connected. It is believed that 150 beats / min is the threshold for anaerobic metabolism (TANM). However, in poorly trained athletes and in athletes with a low sports form, TANM can occur at a heart rate of 130–140 beats / min, while in well-trained athletes, TANM can move to the border of 160–165 beats / min.

In the third training zone (over 180 bpm), work can be performed that requires extremely fast movements. This is a run of 100-200 m, and for highly qualified athletes there are also somewhat longer distances. No other work will release as much energy as with maximum power. In this case, the oxygen demand per unit of time is the highest, the consumption of oxygen from the atmospheric air by the body is insignificant. Muscle work is done almost entirely by anoxic (anaerobic) breakdown of substances. Thus, training and competitive loads of different intensity zones improve the physiological systems of the body in different ways and therefore are differently implemented in sports indicators at different distances.

Muscle relaxation is tension reduction muscle fibers... Muscle tension at rest is called tonic. Antagonists are muscles that are in opposite tension. The warm-up prepares the body to develop the utmost effort possible. The muscle temperature at rest is equal to C.

Medical and pedagogical control and self-control during exercise and sports.

The main task of medical supervision is not to ensure the correctness and high efficiency of sports events.

Correct organization of classes, but neglect of methodological principles will not give the desired results.

Medical supervision at the university is not carried out in the form of regular medical examinations. Depending on the state of health, students are divided into three groups, in which healthy students belong to the main group. For preparatory group conduct regular classes and additional ones to improve the level of physical fitness. Students in a special group are engaged in a special program, developed by the teacher, taking into account their diseases. All students of the special group at the end of the semester and write thematic abstracts related to their diseases. Students undergo a medical examination every two years.

The method of interrogation and questioning, instrumental with the help of various equipment and instruments (body length, stadiometer; body weight - medical scales; hand strength, strength of the back extensor muscles - hand (wrist) and back dynamometers; if necessary, the study of heart biocurrents, an electrocardiograph, etc. ), visual observations do not belong to the main research methods of medical supervision.

The assessment of physical development is determined by the state of the main tissues of the body, by the shapes and sizes of the body and its individual parts, by the functions of the body. Physical development is determined by the methods of external examination, anthropometry, etc.

With the help of an external examination, the condition of the skin, skeleton, muscles and general posture are assessed. To characterize the physique, the shape of the back, chest, abdomen, legs is determined.

Posture - a familiar posture at ease standing man... The normal form of the back has natural curves of the spine in the anteroposterior direction, within 3-4 cm in relation to the vertical axis, respectively, in the lumbar and thoracic parts of the spine. The shape of the chest is conical, cylindrical and flattened. The shape of the abdomen depends on the development of the muscles of the abdominal wall and on the thickness of the layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Distinguish between normal, sagging and retracted abdomen. The shape of the legs is normal, X-shaped and 0-shaped. O - and X-shaped legs can be the result of illnesses in childhood (rickets, etc.), insufficient muscle development. In some cases, some visual correction of the X- and O-shaped legs is possible due to special exercises building up individual muscle groups on the lower extremities.

The shape of the foot can be hollow, normal, flattened and flat. The shape of the feet is determined by external examination or by means of their prints.

Anthropometric measurements clarify and supplement the data of the external examination. Body weight is an objective indicator of health status.

In athletes, the chest excursion is 10-12 cm

Asthenic type is characterized by long and thin limbs, narrow shoulders, long and thin neck, long, narrow and flat chest, poorly developed muscles.

The normosthenic type is characterized by proportionally developed body shapes, a conical or cylindrical chest, moderate development of the skeletal system, muscle and adipose tissue.

The hypersthenic type is characterized by short limbs, massive skeletal system, thick and short neck, wide, short chest, well-developed muscles.

Healthy adults untrained people hold their breath while inhaling for 50-60 seconds (men), 40-50 seconds (women). Average values

vital capacity of the lungs is 3500–4200 cm for men, 2500–3000 cm3 for women

For self-monitoring of the cardiovascular system, students can be constantly monitored by a doctor. A sharp increase or decrease in heart rate cannot be a consequence of stress. With an orthostatic test, the difference in heart rate in a healthy person should not exceed 20 beats / min. With a one-stage functional test, an increase in heart rate is allowed up to 65%.

A dynamometer is used to measure the strength of the muscles in the hand. In special cases, to determine the posture and proportion of the body, photographs are taken of the examinees in different positions (face, back, sideways) against the background of a special grid (biophotometry method),

Operative pedagogical control is an assessment of the state in which the student is at the moment.

Stage-by-stage pedagogical control is an assessment of the state of sports-technical and tactical training of those who go in for a specific stage.

Current pedagogical control is the definition of daily changes in the preparation of those involved.

An urgent training effect is the changes that occur in the body during the exercise and in the next period of rest.

The delayed training effect is the changes that occur in the body in the late phases of recovery (on the next and subsequent days after the load).

The cumulative training effect is the changes in the body over a long period of training as a result of the summation of the urgent and delayed effects of a large number of training sessions.

Self-monitoring is not about acquiring skills in health assessment. The subjective indicators of self-control include well-being, sleep, appetite, fatigue, and emotions. Objective indicators of self-control include heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, VC.

The basics of the methodology for independent exercise

Motivation provides the necessary chain of actions: motivation → interest → knowledge → regular classes→ efficiency. Motivation can be used to promote health.

Sports training requires self-preparation. It is possible to combine two or more motivating factors. In addition to motivation, there are other factors such as lack of knowledge and Monday syndrome.

Morning hygienic gymnastics included in the daily routine. Morning hygiene exercises should be performed once a day. Charging begins with walking. Walking is a natural form of movement. Characteristic feature with accelerated walking is active repulsion by the lower leg. Normal dosed walking is performed at the usual pace, strictly dosed. The selection of footwear is very important for any type of walking.

Gymnastics is one of the factors of self-discipline. The time of the individual training sessions is selected individually. The means of self-study are physical exercises of various orientations. The content of independent training is based on its focus.

Planning for independent exercise is associated with the availability of time. One of the principles of physical education is systematicity. Self-study management is carried out mainly by the self-control method. Self-study is conducted according to the generally accepted structure: warm-up, main part, final part.

The starting position during exercise affects the degree of physical activity. The pace of exercise can be slow, medium, fast. The degree of difficulty of the exercises depends on the number of muscle groups. The power of muscular work depends on the time and speed of execution. The basis of independent training is to increase physical activity.

When determining physical activity, heart rate should be taken into account. With the growth of training, the healing effect gradually decreases.

Running is a health promotion tool. The main training method in running is the uniform method. Your running pace is developed during

2-3 months. The stress on the joints when skiing is less than when running. Walking and cross-country skiing are cyclical exercises.

There are practically no dynamic loads on the spine and joints during swimming. Staying in water increases energy consumption by 50%.

Aerobics is a rhythmic exercise. The peculiarity of aerobics is musical accompaniment. Aerobics classes usually last from 10-15 to 45-60 minutes. Bends and squats affect the locomotor system. Depending on the selection of a series of exercises and the pace of movement of the lesson rhythmic gymnastics can have a sports or health-improving orientation with varying degrees of enhancement of the function of respiration and blood circulation, with a different nature of energy supply.

Applied knowledge can be obtained in the process of physical education. Applied skills and knowledge ensure safety in the home. The applied physical quality is endurance.

Personality traits can be formed in training sessions. A targeted selection of exercises can affect a person. When developing a skill, it is necessary to bring the student to the exercise gradually.

The ability of an organism to withstand specific influences of the external environment is an applied special quality. You can format special qualities during the FPAF process. PPFP should be based on the general physical fitness of students. There are three options for the ratio of physical fitness and PPFP in the process of physical education of students. For representatives of humanitarian professions, good general physical fitness is almost enough to have a psychophysical readiness for a future profession. In other cases (training of civil aviation flight personnel, field specialists, etc.), general physical training cannot provide the required level of psychophysical readiness for professional work. It necessarily requires a special and voluminous professional-applied physical training in all parameters, which often needs an independent additional course of PPAP in excess of the allotted academic hours for the discipline "Physical culture".

General physical fitness in the process of physical education includes four factors. The level of preparedness of students in the PAPP section is controlled by special standards. The level of preparedness of the TFP is assessed separately and is included in the comprehensive assessment. The factor that determines the specific content of PAPP is the mode of work and rest. The main forms of labor are physical and mental. The mode of work and rest influences the choice of physical culture means.

When developing PPPP sections, it is necessary to know the structure and texture of the production process. Performance dynamics is an integral factor. A concomitant factor that determines the content of PAPP is the geographic and climatic conditions of the region. Abilities are stable personality traits. The selection of PPFP funds is made taking into account the peculiarities of the educational process. PPPF funds can be combined into groups. With the accentuated upbringing of physical qualities, the volume of special exercises increases.

The skill level of an athlete reflects his physical development. Each sport contributes to the improvement of physical and mental qualities.

Mandatory means of PPFP are the healing forces of nature and hygienic factors. The auxiliary means of PPFP, which ensure its effectiveness, are various simulators. Professional training simulators contribute to the rapid development of professional actions. The organization of the TFP assumes the use of specialized training. In PPFP, the goal of theoretical studies is to give applied knowledge. Under influence physical activity blood supply to all tissues improves.

One of the forms of PPFP is mass sports events. The final attestation according to the PPFP is carried out in the form of an oral survey. PAPP lessons are based on sections of the professiogram.

The method of PPPP research is sociological. As a result of the study of the PPPP are applied special qualities. FPA research has the same starting point as ergonomics research. Factual materials can be used in the development of the content of the PPFP.

Correction of motor readiness is associated with an independent assessment of self-readiness. Coordination capabilities can be enhanced through agility exercises.

A concomitant factor that influences students' TFP is quick wits. Sports method not "may be the only method for solving PPAP problems. Sports training influences the formation of psychological characteristics of a person.

Physical culture in professional activity

bachelor and specialist

The use of physical culture means to improve and maintain the professional performance of a specialist is always associated with the conditions and nature of his work. An overload of some functional systems of the body and an underload of others in modern labor has an unfavorable effect on the general capacity of a person.

Industrial physical culture is the use of physical culture and sports in order to maintain and increase the general and professional capacity of a person. The purpose of industrial physical culture is to improve health and increase labor efficiency. The basis of industrial physical culture is the theory of active recreation.

For the body, it is most favorable when there is a change in load, a change in efforts and groups of working muscles. Performance is restored faster and more completely in an active state. Methodological support of industrial physical culture requires taking into account physical and mental stress. The methodology of industrial physical culture has a "contrast" character. Work performed with a constant forward bend of the torso can lead to increased curvature of the spine. thoracic region... Long-term performance of work in a sitting position causes chronic overload of the spine. In physical minutes of general exposure, the first exercise is most often associated with straightening the back and taking the shoulders back. Duration morning exercises ranges from 8-10 to 20-30 minutes. The main task of preventive physical exercises is to increase the body's resistance to the effects of unfavorable labor factors. With prolonged work in a sitting position, women more often than men develop and manifest adverse effects of congestion in the pelvic area.

Bibliography

1. Athletics: Textbook. manual for stud. higher. ped. study. institutions /,. - 2nd ed., Erased. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 20s.

2. Bondarchuk athlete. - Kiev, 1986.

4. Verkhoshansky and organization training process... - M., 1985.

5. Kulikov sports training: consistency, adaptation, health. - M., 1995.

6. Athletics /,. - M., 1987.

Athletics / Ed. ,. - M., 1989.

7. Athletics at school /, -nitskiy. - M., 1993.

8. Matveev sports theory. - M., 1997.

9. Platonov and methodology sports training... - Kiev, 1984.

10. Theory and methodology of sport / Ed. ... - M., 1992.

Ter-Hovhannisyan athlete: a modern view. - M., 2000.

11. Eagle owl and methods of youth sports. - M., 1987.

Chapter 1 Physical culture and sports in public and

professional training of students ................................... 2

Chapter 2 Aesthetics of physical culture and sports ....................... 7

Chapter 3 Biological and socio-biological foundations

physical culture ................................................ ................... 9

Chapter 4 Physiological characteristics of the motor

activity and formation of movements ....................................... 11

Chapter 5 Fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle for a student.

Physical culture and student life ...................................... 22

Chapter 6 Psychophysiological foundations of educational work of students.

Physical culture means in regulation

performance ................................................. ...................... 26

Chapter 7 Sports. Individual choice of sports or systems

physical education ................................................ ............... 31

Chapter 8 Pedagogical foundations of physical education ......... 37

Chapter 9 General and special physical training .............. 42

Chapter 10 Medical and pedagogical control and self-control

when practicing physical exercises and sports ................ 44

Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Self-Study Methodology

physical exercise ................................................ ........ 47

Chapter 12 Applied physical training

students ................................................. ..................................... 51

Chapter 13 Physical culture in professional activity

bachelor and specialist ............................................... ............... 54

The influence of sports games on human health Author: Kim Anna Sergeevna Pupil of grade 8 "A" Supervisor: Povalyaeva Lyudmila Viktorovna Physical education teacher Municipal educational institution Lyceum year

The Motherland needs strong people Each of us, entering into conscious life, must clearly understand under what flag of ideas he will go on this great voyage, the winds of what convictions will fill his sails. Each of us, entering into conscious life, must clearly imagine under what flag of ideas he will go on this great voyage, the winds of what convictions will fill his sails. Russian people know how to really work, really dare and be happy, too, for real, because they believe in their work. Russian people know how to really work, really dare and be happy, too, for real, because they believe in their work. The relentless struggle for ideology, courage, an impulse for the future - all these qualities must be possessed by us in order to increase the wealth of our country. Our country needs us. It will be strong if we are strong. The homeland needs strong people. The relentless struggle for ideology, courage, an impulse for the future - all these qualities must be possessed by us in order to increase the wealth of our country. Our country needs us. It will be strong if we are strong. The homeland needs strong people. Every new day makes new demands on us. To make these days ours better days, you need a clearly conscious goal and hard work. And you also need to love your Motherland very much, to acutely feel your responsibility to the country and people. Every new day makes new demands on us. For these days to be our best days, we need a clear goal and hard work. And you also need to love your Motherland very much, to acutely feel your responsibility to the country and people. The country and the people provide an opportunity to grow, learn, choose the road to your liking. Sooner or later, the time comes to answer for this concern. This time comes for everyone. The country and the people provide an opportunity to grow, learn, choose the road to your liking. Sooner or later, the time comes to answer for this concern. This time comes for everyone. Ideologically strong, physically hardened should be those on whom the future of our country depends. Physical development becomes one of the first places in terms of its importance. Physical education of the younger generation is one of the necessary elements of the general system of education of young people, aimed at creating a harmoniously developed person - a citizen. Russian Federation... Ideologically strong, physically hardened should be those on whom the future of our country depends. Physical development becomes one of the first places in terms of its importance. Physical education of the younger generation is one of the necessary elements of the general system of education of young people, aimed at creating a harmoniously developed person - a citizen of the Russian Federation. Taking care of our own health, we also care about the welfare of the country. Because healthy, physically strong people make the highest labor contribution every day in education and science, in factories and factories, in agriculture ... To build successfully new life, you must be able to build yourself. Taking care of our own health, we also care about the welfare of the country. Because healthy, physically strong people daily make the highest labor contribution in education and science, in factories and factories, in agriculture ... To successfully build a new life, you need to be able to build yourself.

Since childhood, we hear loud statements about sports around us; whether it be “Oh, sport! You are the World !! " or "Get hardened if you want to be healthy!" and many others. And after all, no one argues with this. Everyone has always known that playing sports can largely preserve health, often improve it, and, as a result, prolong life. Since childhood, we hear loud statements about sports around us; whether it be “Oh, sport! You are the World !! " or "Get hardened if you want to be healthy!" and many others. And after all, no one argues with this. Everyone has always known that playing sports can largely preserve health, often improve it, and, as a result, prolong life.

In the modern world, when most of the time we spend in a sitting position, everyone needs to devote time to physical minutes in order to elementarily maintain themselves and their musculoskeletal system in good shape. But, ideally, physical culture should accompany a person from birth and, one might say, to death, since it has a healing and preventive effect, which is extremely important at any age. In the modern world, when most of the time we spend in a sitting position, everyone needs to devote time to physical minutes in order to elementarily maintain themselves and their musculoskeletal system in good shape. But, ideally, physical culture should accompany a person from birth and, one might say, to death, since it has a healing and preventive effect, which is extremely important at any age. What is the specific effect of sports on our body? What is the specific effect of sports on our body?

Volleyball Volleyball contributes to the development of many physical abilities: strength of the arms and shoulder girdle, jumping ability, quickness of reaction, coordination of movements in space and time. Volleyball practice contributes to the development of many physical abilities: strength of the arms and shoulder girdle, jumping ability, speed of reaction, coordination of movements in space and time.

Tennis Research has shown that women in their 70s who play tennis every day have almost as strong bones as those in their 30s. Studies have shown that women in their 70s who play tennis daily have almost as strong bones as those in their 30s.

Handball It promotes the development of the most important motor abilities in schoolchildren: strength, speed, endurance, dexterity, flexibility, coordination of movements. It promotes the development of the most important motor abilities in schoolchildren: strength, speed, endurance, dexterity, flexibility, coordination of movements.

Football Systematic football exercises have a comprehensive effect on the body. The functional activity of the body is improved, the correct physical development is ensured, and physical qualities develop. Systematic football exercises have a comprehensive effect on the body. The functional activity of the body is improved, the correct physical development is ensured, and physical qualities develop.

The influence of sports games on the development of children.
In the general system of all-round human development, the physical education of a child occupies an important place. It is at the preschool age that the foundations of health, physical development are laid, motor skills are formed, the foundation is created for the education of physical qualities. Children preschool age they go in for physical education with great pleasure. They are especially interested in sports games (basketball, football, hockey, table tennis, badminton, etc.) and sport exercises(swimming, cycling, sledding, ice skating, skiing, etc.)
Sports games and exercises help to improve the activity of the main physiological systems of the body (nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory), improve physical development, physical fitness children, upbringing of positive moral and volitional qualities. It is very valuable that playing sports and exercises contribute to the upbringing of positive character traits in preschoolers, create favorable conditions for friendly relations in a team, and mutual assistance. They are held in summer and outdoors in winter, which is effective remedy hardening the child's body.
When teaching sports games and exercises in kindergarten, it is necessary to form children's interest in physical culture, as well as the need for independent studies. This is not so difficult to achieve if the educator truly understands the importance of exercise for the health of the child and has the appropriate training for this. Going in for sports in the literal sense of the word is not recommended for preschool children. But elementary actions in sports games and exercises, individual elements of competition are not only possible, but also expedient. The teacher must take into account that the content, methodology and planning teaching material on sports games exercises have their own specifics. Their organization requires taking into account the age characteristics of children, their physical development and physical fitness, the tasks of physical education of preschool children and the specifics of the work of preschool institutions.
The age characteristics and physical capabilities of children, the specifics of the work of the kindergarten determine both specific teaching methods and the form of conducting classes. It would be a mistake to admit in pedagogical practice, when teaching sports games and exercises, a stereotyped repetition of movements, the mechanical use of forms and methods of teaching used in general education and sports schools, without due regard to the problems solved with this contingent of children. Depending on the extent to which age characteristics are taken into account, the physical capabilities of preschoolers, sports games and exercises can give different results in health-improving, educational and educational terms.
A great feature of playing sports and exercises is their emotionality. A positive emotional tone is an important prerequisite for health, prevents various diseases, and maintains interest in physical exercise. A joyful mood continues to dominate the child even after class. Children are interested in class when they are busy, when the rest time does not exceed work time. Boredom comes when guys are idle, when they are forced to perform monotonous, monotonous movements. The variety of exercises and games captivates children: they sometimes "forget" about time. Having learned the joy and pleasure of the proposed activity, they leave the lesson with a desire to continue it.
The game form of the lesson is the basis of the methodology for teaching sports games and exercises. The lesson should take place as entertaining game... Monotony, boredom should not be allowed, the movements and games themselves should give the child pleasure; therefore, it is important that the lesson contains motor activities that are interesting for children, playful images, and unexpected moments. Teaching sports games and exercises proceeds more successfully with the implementation of all general didactic principles. It is especially important to ensure the availability of educational material and an individual approach to children, since sports exercises and games are quite difficult for preschoolers.
During games and sports entertainment, the educator should know that the child's psyche is unstable, easily vulnerable. Sometimes the most trifling word, remark may seem offensive to the child, he may burst into tears, lose faith in himself, and this will alienate him from this or that type of game for a long time. It is necessary to point out to the child his mistakes very tactfully. Nothing strengthens self-confidence more than reasonably expressed approval. Of course, those who succeed in everything quickly should not be praised especially often - they may be arrogant. But a kid who was not given some exercise for a long time, and then finally succeeded, must be praised without fail.

When starting classes, it should be borne in mind that children are not the same in their physical development, character, health. The load in the games is dosed taking into account the individual and age characteristics and the child's well-being.
Preschool children tend to overestimate their capabilities and often flirt (to the detriment of their health). Therefore, learning the exercises and the game itself cannot be long: they must be alternated with rest. Games of great activity are replaced by calm ones.
It is better to underplay a little, so that the game for the child is always tempting, attractive and does not harm health.
The load during games should be distributed evenly to all muscle groups, and should increase gradually from year to year. Parents can and should help their child develop beautiful posture, teach how to breathe correctly, without holding your breath, in accordance with physical exercise, deeply, evenly. Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth.
Right organized games and sports entertainment strengthen the health of children, temper their body, help the development of the locomotor apparatus, educate strong-willed character traits, valuable moral qualities, are a wonderful means of active and reasonable rest.
The task of the teacher-educator comes down to inventing a fairy-tale game that explains sports movements. All this is associated with the development of the child's intellect, his ability to fantasize.

The formation of a child's movements is carried out in accordance with the laws of the formation of motor skills and abilities. They conventionally represent a sequential transition from knowledge and ideas about an action to the ability to perform it, and then from skill to skill.
The effectiveness of teaching motional actions depends on how well the objective sequence of actions and the corresponding components of the functional system as a whole are observed in it.
During the formation of motor actions, an initial motor skill arises. It is an action that has not been highly automated.

The most effective form of teaching preschoolers to play sports and exercises is organized activities during walks.
Sports games and exercises are primarily aimed at improving health, improving the general physical fitness of children, meeting their biological need for movement.
The main goal is to familiarize children with sports games and exercises, laying the basics correct technique... But in no case should this become highly specialized training, preparation for participation in competitions. Real competitions; where the struggle is for points, for places, are an unbearable psychological burden for the child.
A distinctive feature of practicing sports games and exercises is their emotionality. A positive emotional tone is an important prerequisite for health, prevents various diseases, and maintains interest in physical exercise.
During the lesson, it is very important to determine the optimal number of repetitions of the exercises so that children do not develop bad habits that interfere with further learning. If a previously well-mastered movement is used as an approaching exercise, then it is enough to repeat it just a few times immediately before learning a new motor action.
Leading exercises can be:
1. Separate parts of the studied motor action.
2. Imitation of the studied motor actions.
3. Directly studied motor action, which is performed in facilitated conditions. Such exercises are especially important when learning new motor actions associated with the possibility of falling and injuries.
4. The studied motor movement itself, performed in slow motion. When doing the exercise in slow motion, it is easier for the child to control his movements, and he makes fewer mistakes.
More complex actions of sports games can be learned in specially created conditions (outside the game). In this case, it is advisable to direct the child's attention to the quality of the movement. In the future, you can complicate the conditions for performing actions, lead children to more difficult tasks.
General requirements to the educator are accurately expressed in the words of N.G. Chernyshevsky: "The educator himself should be what he wants to make the pupil ... or, at least, strive for that with all his might." Children are unaccountably inclined to imitate movements, demeanor, the teacher's speech, etc. The teacher must always remember that he is an educator - both in the classroom, and at a sports event, and on a camping trip. He affects the child with everything: his worldview, appearance, manners, behavior, etc.
Sport exercises
1) in winter
- Sledding: it has a big impact on physical impact and hardening of the child's body. The environment, the content of games and exercises will help to induce activity, independence, initiative. Children learn to show will, to overcome difficulties and obstacles, to help each other.
- Sliding on icy paths: Promotes the prevention of diseases, strengthening the body's defenses, increasing efficiency, organization, discipline, independence, activity and the manifestation of volitional qualities (courage, decisiveness, self-confidence, etc.) ..
- Skiing: Strengthens the body, gives vigor, increases efficiency and endurance. When skiing, all muscle groups work, breathing and blood circulation increase. Large dynamic footwork when skiing has a strengthening effect on the formation of a child's foot, helps to prevent the development of flat feet, promotes the development of spatial orientations, coordination of movements, and prevention of colds.
- Skating: Strengthens the muscles of the arch of the foot, develops the vestibular apparatus ..
2) In spring, summer, autumn.
- Throwing. Develops an eye, accuracy, dexterity of movements. In addition to exercises in throwing at a target and at a distance, a number of exercises in throwing, catching, throwing the ball are proposed for inclusion in the classes. All these exercises develop the physical qualities of children.
- Walking and running. By the time they go to school, children should have mastered the most essential elements of walking and running. Walking and running is easy while maintaining correct posture.
- Jumping. It is necessary to teach children to combine the run-up and take-off when jumping.
- Climbing. Climbing, climbing, climbing it different ways overcoming obstacles. Climbing develops courage, coordination of movements, helps to overcome the fear of heights.
- exercises for balance. The balance depends on the area of ​​support, the position of the center of gravity of the body, on the state of the vestibular apparatus, on the degree of tension in the nervous system. To complicate the exercises in balance, it is necessary to gradually reduce the width of the support (board) and increase the height. For this, it is recommended, in addition to gymnastic benches, to have ladders with a set of boards of different widths.
- Biking. Promotes orientation in space, maintaining balance, and developing personal qualities.
- Swimming. It has a positive effect on the development of the cardiovascular system.
Preschoolers are taught to swim "crawl on the chest". Body position, leg movements, arm movements, and breathing are studied.
- Sports games fresh air... "Distillation", "who is next", "Who is faster", "Catch up", "Snake", etc.
Summer physical education should be dynamic, fast change of activity. The starting positions should not be stable, once and for all assigned to these exercises, they should be changed more often.
On the site, it is desirable to have a special sports ground, equipped with all the aids necessary for the development of basic movements. It is good to have large "Churki" on the site - pieces of logs with a diameter of 20-25 cm and a height of 25-30 cm (25-30 pieces). Lumps can be used as a stand-alone tool, as well as in combination with slats, cords, etc.
- Riding a scooter.

Table tennis (ping-pong).

In the general system of educational work Preschool educational institution physical the upbringing of children has a special place. As a result of targeted pedagogical influence, the child's health is strengthened, the physiological functions of the body are trained, movements, motor skills and physical qualities necessary for the all-round harmonious development of the personality are intensively developed.

Used Books:

1. Glazyrina, L. D. Methods of physical education of preschool children / L.D. Glazyrina, V.A. Ovsyankin. - M .: Vlados, 2000 .-- 262 p.

2. Demchishin, A.A. Demchishin A.A., Mukhin V.N., Mozola R.S. Sports and outdoor games in physical education of children and adolescents. - K .: Health, 1998 .-- 168 p.

3. Emelyanova, M.N. Outdoor games as a means of forming self-esteem / M. N. Emelyanova // Child in kindergarten. - 2007. - No. 4. - pp. 29-33.