Introduction. The main thing is to hit the target exactly! Bullet shooting: what is it, what weapons are needed What is the name of the sport of shooting

Vasilyeva Maria, 8th grade student of MBOU Secondary School No. 15, Murom

Bullet shooting My favorite sport. The first time I came to the shooting range was with my parents. When we entered the hall, guys were shooting there. I really wanted to be in their place. The coach said: “Masha, if you train and treat this sport responsibly, then you will achieve high results.».

And I achieved...

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My favorite sport. Bullet shooting. Completed by: 8B grade student Maria Vasilyeva. Teacher: Pavlova N.A part 1

Plan My favorite sport. Bullet shooting as a sport. Airguns. Shooting technique from a standing position. Acceptance and manufacturing features. Shooting technique from a prone position. Acceptance and manufacturing features. Shooting technique from a kneeling position. Acceptance and manufacturing features. Air pistol shooting technique.

My favorite sport. Bullet shooting is my favorite sport. The first time I came to the shooting range was with my parents. When we entered the hall, guys were shooting there. I really wanted to be in their place. The coach said: “Masha, if you train and treat this sport responsibly, then you will achieve high results.” I’ve been training for the second year now and have made friends with many of the guys from the section. I really enjoy going to training and shooting. I have already taken part in many competitions and achieved good results. Now I have a second adult category, several certificates and two medals, and I don’t want to stop there. This is how my workout goes: At the beginning of the workout, we do a warm-up, for example the following exercises: squats, exercises with dumbbells, pull-ups, push-ups and others. Then we prepare the loopholes, i.e. we open them and put a mat (prone shooting) or put a shin pad (kneeling shooting). Then you need to sign up for the register, put on a uniform, take a weapon, go to the loophole and start preparing. You need to prepare for at least seven minutes, report your readiness to the coach and start shooting, report to the coach when you finish shooting and go get a target. The trainer will check the target and tell you the result. Then you need to remove the loophole after yourself, i.e. remove the casings and mat (prone shooting) or shin pad (kneeling shooting), and also record in the log the number of rounds used during training.

From September 21 to 23, the Regional Bullet Shooting Championship took place in Murom. About 50 shooters took part in the competition. I also took part in them and won my first medals. This summer, the shooting range was renovated and competitions were held in the updated shooting range.

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part 2

Bullet shooting as a sport Shooting sport is one of the most ancient applied sports. It originates from competitions in archery and crossbow shooting. With the advent of firearms in the mid-14th century, shooting competitions began, first with smoothbore guns. And creation rifled weapons led to the development of bullet shooting. The process of executing a shot requires fine coordination of movements and muscle memory. Bullet shooting places specific demands on the athlete’s physical abilities, such as coordination (stability), static endurance. Every athlete is overcome with excitement before and during competitions. However, such a negative impact of this factor on the result, as in bullet shooting, is not observed in any other sport.

Bullet shooting, like other sports, places great demands on the athlete as an individual. He must have high moral qualities, high emotional stability in extreme conditions. sufficient strong-willed qualities (persistence, determination, endurance) to overcome negative phenomena. At the right moment, the shooter must be able to concentrate, disconnect from the environment, not notice the presence of spectators, judges, not react to noise, conversations, etc., suppress involuntarily arising thoughts that are not related to the work being performed. Shooting is carried out in closed, open and semi-indoor shooting ranges and shooting ranges at various distances: 10, 25, 50, 300 m.

Air Guns Air guns use compressed air or gas pressure to throw bullets. The Greek word pneuma - air, breath - gave the name to this entire class. Firearms use the force of expanding gases formed during the explosion of a powder charge, and in pneumatic weapons, air pressure is pumped up by a compressor or a can of carbon dioxide. Today, air guns are used as sports or training weapons, for those who will later shoot from firearm models. It can be compressor or gas-cylinder. Pressure is injected into the pneumatic chamber by moving the lever or breaking the barrel when it is loaded. In the second case, a carbon dioxide cylinder is used, which is attached to a special fitting. Usually the cylinder is placed in the handle or under the barrel. Air guns range from 3 to 5.6 mm caliber. The maximum firing range is 100 meters. Most often, athletes shoot at 10, 25 and 50 meters.

Shooting technique from a standing position. Acceptance and manufacturing features. Accepting the position Position of the feet - The feet should not be loaded only from the outside or only from the outside inside, only on the heel or on thumb. - The toes play a significant role in maintaining balance. That is why it is necessary to try to ensure maximum freedom of their movement. Do not lace sports shoes too tightly in the toe area. - When placing your feet wide, serious problems may occur due to excessive load on the outer or inner parts of the feet. - Feet should be at least shoulder-width apart or slightly wider.

Hips and upper torso - The torso must be tilted until it receives natural support from the spine and ligaments. - We must ensure that the thigh remains pointed in the direction of the shot. Support Arm/Wrist - The support arm is the arm that “carries” the weight of the weapon. - If possible, the elbow of this arm should rest on the femur. To avoid lateral vibrations, the elbow must always be placed in the same place. - The most important criterion when choosing the position of the arms is the ratio of the length of the arms and the torso. - Basic requirements for optimal hand placement: a. reliable fixation in height (brush as straight as possible); b. fixing the arm at the side; V. painless support of the weapon during long series of shots. Trigger Arm/Wrist - The trigger arm must be held with the wrist and hand straight.

Head position - Head position plays a very important role, associated primarily with the vestibular system, and it works best when the head is held straight. In order to maintain as straight a head position as possible when shooting, the weapon should be slightly “thrown back” (tilted) to the left. - To save straight position The head must be guided by the principle: “Weapon to the head, not head to weapon.” - The head should lie on the cheek (ridge) of the butt only under the action own weight. Installing the weapon in the ready position Participation of the trigger hand in pressing the weapon to the shoulder - The butt plate of the butt should have reliable contact with the shoulder and forearm. - The butt plate should lie in the shoulder along its entire length.

Shooting technique from a prone position. Acceptance and manufacturing features. Body position Important criteria when choosing a prone position: Body The decisive factor is the position of the shoulder axis, which should be located almost parallel to the target. This position of the shoulder axis in the prone shooting position is determined by the position right hand. Leg Position The left side of the body and the left leg of right-handed shooters should form an almost straight line; in this position the body is most relaxed. A straightened right leg in a prone shooting position increases body contact with the floor. The right leg, bent at the knee, helps redistribute the mass to left side bodies.

Fixing the belt on the supporting hand An important function of the belt is to free the hand from active muscular work and stabilize the position. The belt can be attached to the shoulder in two ways: a) on the upper part posterior muscles shoulder, close armpit, b) on the lower part of the posterior muscles of the shoulder, near elbow joint. The belt must be secured to the shoulder in such a way that it does not slip when shooting and at the same time does not impede blood circulation. Position of the supporting arm It is recommended to place the left elbow forward so that the load falls on the area located immediately after its apex (on the back).

The position of the supporting palm on the forend. Weapon resting on the shoulder The weapon should be positioned as close to the neck as possible, directly next to the collarbone. This position has the following advantages: 1. A relatively straight position of the head is possible. 2. The recoil of the weapon falls almost on the center of the body, deviations of the weapon to the side during the shot are minimized. Head position

Trigger hand Criteria for determining the best trigger hand position: 1. Right shoulder should be completely relaxed. 2. The right elbow should not protrude too far outward (the angle of inclination between the forearm and the floor surface is too sharp), otherwise this position may lead to it slipping. 3. The weight of the weapon must be supported solely by the left hand and the weapon strap.

Shooting technique from a kneeling position. Acceptance and manufacturing features. The basic position in the kneeling position is determined by the relative location of three reference points, which for right-handed shooters are: 1. The toe of the right foot. 2. Right knee. 3. Left foot. Position on the shinrest A stable position of the right foot and leg is the basis of the correct stance for shooting from the knee. The knee pad (kneecap) is a support roller; it helps to choose a comfortable position for the right foot and is designed to stabilize it laterally.

The sequence of taking a position using a shin pad looks like in the following way: 1. The foot of the right leg is placed on the supporting shin pad so that the toe of the foot is in a fixed position and the right knee rests on the supporting surface. 2. It is necessary that the load on the right knee be less than the load on the toe of the right foot. 3. The toe of the right foot is slightly moved back. This ensures the best support for body weight, and recoil is more easily absorbed. To assume the correct stance for shooting from the knee, the shooter's shoes must be equipped with a sole that is firm enough to keep the toe of the foot in a fixed position.

Left (supporting) hand The function of the left hand is to support the weapon, while the knee of the left leg is used as a support. To achieve the correct supporting position, it is necessary to avoid uncontrolled placing of the elbow on the kneecap. Left (supporting) leg Different positioning of the leg and the result of such positioning: 1. It is recommended to slightly position left leg forward in the direction of shooting. 2. Placing the left foot back, beyond the conventional vertical line of the shin, is not recommended for static reasons, since the entire structure of the workpiece tends to tip forward. 3. Rotating the left foot inward increases lateral stability of the lower leg. Securing the weapon belt on the supporting arm Securing the belt on the shoulder is carried out in two main ways: 1. on the upper part of the posterior muscles of the shoulder, near the armpit. 2. on the lower part of the posterior muscles of the shoulder, near the elbow joint. In both cases, the tension of the belt does not impede blood flow, which eliminates the transfer of the pulse to the weapon.

Position of the supporting hand The weapon should be resting on the shoulders The weapon should be positioned as deep inward as possible, close to the neck, directly next to the collarbone. This position has the following advantages: - A relatively straight head posture is achieved. - The recoil of the weapon falls almost on the center of the body, and the weapon’s deflection to the side during a shot is minimized. Head position The butt cheek (ridge) should be adjusted so that the shooter, with relaxed neck muscles, can look into the center of the diopter hole.

Air pistol shooting technique. Acceptance of Readiness The Purpose of Optimal Readiness Optimal execution is the main guarantee of the stability of the shooter-weapon system. This stability depends on the surface on which the shooter stands, the position of the center of gravity of the shooter’s body in relation to this surface, as well as the state of tension of the athlete’s body (muscles, ligaments). There are external and internal manufacturing. There are also two types of external preparation - hard (power) and open.

Rigid stance The feet are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the aiming line. Open position The shooter in the position is slightly turned towards the target in relation to the direction of the shot (“open”) Comparison of open and rigid positions.

Foot position - The feet are almost shoulder-width apart, parallel to each other. - The load on the feet should be evenly distributed, the knees should be fixed - Moving the feet inward or outward minimizes body vibrations. Torso position The best torso position can be characterized as follows: - Top part the torso is straightened and rests directly on the thigh. - Body weight is evenly distributed on both legs and feet. - The center of gravity of the body should be above the middle of the supporting surface. Arm position - The shooting arm should be straight, the shoulder, elbow and wrist joint should be fixed. - When raising your arm, it is very important to ensure that your shoulders do not unconsciously rise with your arm. - The hand that does not take part in the shot is fixed either on the trouser belt or on the belt (depending on the length of the arms). - The shoulder remains in its natural position and does not rise up. Head position - Head straight. - The muscles of the neck and back of the head are relaxed. - The head is turned towards the target and is in a vertical position relative to the supporting surface. Thus, the balance is not disturbed. - The position of the head should always be the same, this ensures an even line of sight.

Position of the arms and shoulders - The elbow and wrist joints are fixed. - The hand not taking part in shooting is fixed. - Shoulders are fixed in a natural position. Fixing the pistol in the hand - The weapon is grasped with a hand, and the handle of the pistol is located between the index and thumb. The grip is not too strong. - The index finger with the nail phalanx is placed on the middle part of the tail of the trigger. - Then the fingers and palm cover the handle of the pistol, with the thumb placed in a special recess and not exerting any pressure on the handle.

Thank you for watching.

I recently clashed with one “famous journalist” who, as, unfortunately, often happens with “famous journalists”, having slightly come into contact with any topic, they already consider themselves unsurpassed experts and dispense advice as mega-gurus.

So, we'll talk about self-defense with weapons and application of various skills in the above self-defense.

In order not to be accused of trying to brazenly enter a closed clan of megagurus who give advice to everyone and about everything, I will immediately announce where I begin all my lectures. Namely: all of the following is based on personal experience , personal analysis of the subject of discussion , and in no way claims to be the ultimate truth.

And only after the listener (reader) compares what is described by the author with both personal experience both by analyzing the subject and with the experience and analysis of others, the listener (reader) can only get somewhat closer to the truth. No more.

Shooting Sports Analysis

1. Sports shooting (bullet)

It doesn't matter if it's a pistol or a rifle. Pneumatics, .22LR, or so far rare competitions with the use of “heavy calibers” - in any case, this is a very difficult sport that requires the highest nervous concentration, multiplied by the engineering component - high-quality weapons, ammunition, sights, etc.

Practical application - military/police sniping, hunting.

2. High-speed pistol shooting (“Olympic”)

A complex sport that requires high concentration and motor skills developed over the years. Due to the fact that shooting is always carried out from the same distance at always identically located targets, I could not come up with a practical application.

Will explain. Several years ago, I held a local match with a carbine. One of the respected shooters built the exercise described in the briefing and spent quite a lot of time developing motor skills on this exercise. At the match, the author changed the distance to the targets and between the targets - and the shooter’s exercise “didn’t work” - his motor skills were sharpened for other distances.

3. Skeet shooting (round skeet)

Development of motor skills of the insert and shot in eight positions. With the exception of a doublet, shooting at the same point.

self-defense

4. Trench stand

Development of motor skills of the insert and shot when shooting at a flying target. Development of reaction speed, since the direction of launch is unknown.

Practical application: hunting. IN self-defense— developing a high-speed first shot from a long-barreled weapon.

4. Sporting as a hybrid of a round and trench stand

Practical application: hunting. IN self-defense— developing a high-speed first shot from a long-barreled weapon.

5. Practical shooting IPSC/ICPS

An excellent dynamic and spectacular sport. All types of weapons - pistol (revolver), shotgun, carbine. Never repeated exercises. The essence is a balance of accuracy and speed (I'll miss the power). Training at various distances on various targets, including on the move and from awkward positions. Development of constant control over the weapon (direction of the barrel, position of the finger outside the trigger guard, etc.), including when moving, reloading, eliminating delays and malfunctions. Development of high-quality weapon retention when moving, changing shooting stance and position, firing a shot (especially with a “flash” - two in a row).

IN self-defense- developing a high-speed first shot from a weapon that is in various positions (loaded, unloaded, on the belt, in the hands, in a desk drawer, closet, etc.). Shooting from awkward positions. Shooting at various targets, including partially obscured ones. Shooting on the move.

6. Applied shooting IDPA

Everything is the same as described in the previous chapter on IPSC. The reality is added by the use of exclusively “regular” barrels, without bells and whistles such as collimator sights, muzzle compensators and 30-round magazines. Holsters and pouches are also ordinary, designed for concealed carry on the belt. The indispensable use of a jacket covering the weapon adds a special twist. Mandatory test: with the jacket unbuttoned and the arms spread at shoulder level, the weapon should not be visible).

In addition, the exercise is carried out “in the dark”, without being able to familiarize itself with the target environment. Another important point- It is mandatory to use cover and control your body position when shooting from behind cover.

IN self-defense- in addition to what is described in the chapter IPSC- this is the first shot with the weapon snatched from under the clothes, the use of shelters for protection when shooting.

Using various types of weapons in self-defense

Carbine

Affordable, but the most dangerous look weapons in self-defense. The defender can never predict in which direction the bullet he fired will go, and it doesn’t matter whether the bullet hit the attacker or passed by. The main thing is that the bullet can also hit an innocent person (and more than one...). We also must not forget about the possible ricochet, which can hit both the shooter and those he is protecting.

Shotgun

A type of weapon with a limited area of ​​application.

In our realities, I can hardly imagine a respectable citizen who always and everywhere moves with a gun. Therefore, this is a weapon for protection against home invasions, as well as against intruders and dangerous animals in “wild” places.

Pistol (revolver)

The most effective, but also the most inaccessible type of weapon in our realities. High efficiency is due to the main principle “ always on me, always with me ". Inaccessibility - the absence of weapons legislation and the creation of a caste of “specially selected” (by the President, the heads of the SBU, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Armed Forces of Ukraine), awarded pistols (sometimes several), including some “famous journalists.”

Traumatic weapon

An extremely dangerous and unnecessary weapon. The danger is considered on several levels:

• Given that our society is sufficient, the concept of “traumatic weapon” sharply reduces the psychological threshold for use. If it hits certain parts of the body, even with certified ammunition, it can be fatal. And further on the criminal case will include “ firearms»;
• when all the rules are followed (do not shoot in the head and neck area and from a distance of less than a meter) at an attacker dressed in winter clothes and in a state of one or another type of intoxication, use trauma may not produce the expected effect, with unpredictable consequences for the shooter.

Self-defense

It is possible to imagine very few situations when self-defense You will have time to understand the situation and take a comfortable and safe position. This is either when repelling entry into the premises, or when making a decision to provide assistance to a third party. In most cases, the attack occurs suddenly.

The author came across statistics for the USA, which indicated that in 70% of cases the police were unable to repel an attack by attackers with a knife from a distance of 7-8 meters. These are their policemen, with a pistol in an open holster, with a cartridge in the chamber, and constant (not like ours - 3 shots every six months) shooting training. Therefore, in application weapons for self-defense there is such an important aspect as readiness. Technical. Physical. Psychological. It is not human nature to be constantly on edge, expecting danger. Even the most trained bodyguards do not have eyes in the back of their heads, and only work effectively as a group.

Remember - the best self-defense is to do everything to avoid conflict.

Take care of yourself!

Sports shooting- a sport in which athletes compete in shooting accuracy from different types weapons.

History of the emergence and development of sports shooting

Shooting sport is considered one of the most ancient applied sports. It appeared back in the distant times of bows and crossbows. In the middle of the 14th century, bows and crossbows evolved into firearms, after which bullet shooting began to actively develop.

In 1449, the first firearms shooting societies began to appear in France, and later they appeared in England and the USA.

In 1896, rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and since 1897, World Shooting Championships began to be held regularly.

Types of sports shooting

Bullet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, in which athletes compete in shooting from pneumatic, small-caliber, large caliber rifles and pistols. Bullet shooting is Olympic form sports, in particular Olympic program includes 5 rifle shooting exercises (MV-5, VP-4, MV-6, MV-9, VP-6) and the same number of pistol shooting exercises (MP-5, PP-2, MP-6, MP-8, PP-3).

Abbreviations indicating the type of weapon:

VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small-caliber rifle
AB- standard large-caliber rifle
PV- any large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small-caliber pistol
RP- revolver-pistol of central combat.

Exercises:

MV-5— shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position — prone, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.

VP-4 — Pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 minutes. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MV-6- Random small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the following sequence: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 15 minutes). In each position, an unlimited number of test shots are allowed before performing scoring shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.

MV-9- Random small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the following sequence: 20 shots while lying down, 20 while standing, 20 from the knee. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each position, an unlimited number of test shots are allowed before performing scoring shots.

VP-6- Pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MP-5- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification the pistol for exercise MP-5) is usually called sports, although this is the same pistol from which exercise MP-10 is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is fired at a stationary target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - at an appearing target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half of each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between target appearances are 7 seconds). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

PP-2— shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.

PP-3— shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before the start of scoring shots.

MP-6- any small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 hours 00 minutes. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MP-8- rapid-fire small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; The shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two sets of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of the test shooting, one test series is performed in each half of the exercise for 8 seconds. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

The numbers in the abbreviations indicate the serial number of the exercise in the national sports classification in bullet shooting.

Skeet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting at open shooting ranges. Shooting is carried out with shot from smoothbore shotguns at special skeet targets.

The Olympic Games include 3 skeet shooting disciplines:

• Round stand - athletes fire at clay pigeons, moving from one shooting station to another (8 in total), and also changing the shooting angle relative to the trajectories of flying targets.
• Trench stand - athletes fire at clay pigeons thrown out of a trench in a random direction.
• A double trap is the same as a trench stand, but the skeet is thrown out in pairs and the shooting is done in doublets.

Practical shooting - one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of which is to master and develop techniques that best suit various cases of using firearms.

Shooting skill is assessed as a balance of three main components:

• Accuracy - points for hitting targets;
• Speed ​​- time from the start signal to the last shot;
• Power - the use of weapons of greater power is encouraged by a large number of points awarded for hitting the scoring zones of targets, in addition, a minimum caliber and a minimum power factor are established.

The result is the sum of points for hitting all targets, including penalties, divided by the execution time.

Benchrest shooting is one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of the athletes is to fire five (or ten) shots at the scoring target; The smaller the group size, the higher the shooter’s place in the competition. In this case, shooting is performed while sitting at a special table with the rifle placed at point-blank range for shooting.

The following table shooting disciplines are distinguished:

• benchrest BR-50 - shooting from small-caliber devices;
• short benchrest - shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
• benchrest Long Range - shooting at distances: 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and mile.

Varminting is one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting at long and ultra-long distances, mainly at rodents. It is allowed to use artificial targets that imitate the silhouette of marmots.

sniping- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting from sniper weapons.

Sports shooting competitions

The Olympic Games are held every four years.

The World Shooting Championships are held once every four years for bullet shooting, and once every two years for clay pigeon shooting.

World Cup - held 4 times a year, but only in Olympic disciplines.

The European Championship is a competition of the best shooters in Europe, held every two years.

Pan American Games - major international competitions By summer species sports are held every four years.

These competitions are directly monitored by the International Shooting Federation, as world records can be set at them.

Sports shooting structures

International Shooting Federation(English: International Sport Shooting Federation, ISSF) is a sports structure that controls and coordinates the activities of its member national shooting federations.

We tried to cover the topic as completely as possible, so this information can be safely used when preparing messages, reports on physical education and abstracts on the topic “Sports Shooting”.

The history of bullet shooting has quite long roots.

Competitions for accuracy and hitting the bull's eye begin with competitions in archery and crossbow shooting.

With the advent of firearms in the mid-14th century, shooting competitions began. First from smoothbore rifles. And the creation of rifled weapons led to the development of such a sport as bullet shooting.

Unlike other sports, where athletes compete in single combat with each other, in bullet shooting the shooter fights the most difficult of all fights - a fight with himself. It is important here to be able to control yourself, show everything you have learned in training, and use your competitive experience.

Accurate sports shooting is a complex coordination skill. It is possible for everyone to master it, but with the expenditure of a lot of work and time to study the basics of shooting theory, the material part of the weapon, and most importantly - to master the technique of a well-aimed shot, to systematically improve its elements, to consolidate and improve the acquired skills.

Classes sports shooting They form in an athlete composure, endurance, observation, eye and will to win. Achieving records requires not only perfect shooting technique, but also the ability to control your emotions.

Rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the first Olympic Games in 1896.

The shooter’s actions are characterized by monotony, static work of the muscles of the legs, torso and arms at the moment the shot is executed. The process of executing a shot requires fine coordination of movements and muscle memory.

Bullet shooting places specific demands on the physical abilities of the athlete. If for representatives of speed-strength sports physical training is leading in the training process, then bullet shooting makes limited demands in this sense, designed for the optimal development of such special physical qualities as coordination - stability, static endurance.

Every athlete is overcome with excitement before and during competitions. However, such a negative influence of this factor on the result, as in bullet shooting, is not observed in any other sport. This occurs due to the fact that the shooter’s actions are in the nature of finely and precisely coordinated movements, which greatly change under the influence of the shooter’s state.

At the right moment, the shooter must be able to concentrate, disconnect from the environment, not notice the presence of spectators, judges, not react to noise, conversations, etc., suppress involuntarily arising thoughts that are not related to the work being performed.

Shooting is carried out in closed, open and semi-closed shooting ranges and shooting ranges at various distances: 10, 25, 50, 300 m. The pace and rhythm of shooting, the selection of appropriate sighting devices and light filters, the method of aiming and trigger control depend on the nature and degree of illumination of the shooting range or shooting range. . Unexpected changes in illumination require the shooter to instantly correct actions.

Wind has a significant impact on shooting, reducing the stability of the shooter-weapon system, as well as the ambient temperature. One of the most difficult obstacles for marksmanship is a mirage. Each shooting range and shooting range, although they meet the requirements of the competition rules, still have their own characteristics, on which the shooting result to a certain extent depends.

There is a constant, incessant noise on the line of fire, and it’s not just the sound of gunshots. For the shooter, these sounds are like a background and are perceived by him subconsciously. The source of constant noise is the movements of spectators and judges, conversations of spectators and much more. From all the variety of sounds, the shooter’s subconscious selects those that are significant specifically for him. This could be an appeal to him, a remark, advice or an exchange of opinions between viewers about his results, behavior, equipment. The reaction to these irritations can cause hasty, ill-considered actions and, as a result, the loss of precious points.

The chief physician of the medical and physical education dispensary, Elena Borisovna Lyueva, tells us about the health benefits and harms of this sport:

Bullet shooting plays a certain role in both the physical and moral-volitional development of a teenager. When practicing bullet shooting, schoolchildren develop qualities such as psychological activity, attention, emotional stability, and volitional efforts.

Psychological activity is closely related to attention. Shooting classes are structured in such a way that psychological activity is selective and, depending on the stage of execution of each shot, attention is focused on its elements in turn.

Shooting develops memory. Shooters have such a concept as “shot mark” - imprinting the position of the sighting devices in relation to the aiming point or area at the moment the trigger is pulled. There is always emotional tension at shooting competitions, so shooting athletes must have developed resistance to stressful situations and control over emotions. The only thing that can be damaged when practicing bullet shooting is the eyes. To do this, it is necessary to carry out prevention, drink vitamins for the eyes.

I suggest you meet a shooting coach

Ilnitskaya Tatiana, Candidate for Master of Sports in bullet shooting, has been involved in this sport for more than 20 years. Favorite type of weapon is a rifle. I became a coach by fate. There was no one to tutor the boys. In 2002, a bullet shooting department was opened at the base sports school"Zhastar."

"Lada": Tatyana, at what age do you accept children into the section?

Tatiana Ilnitskaya:We accept children from 12 years of age into the section. Training is free, training is held from morning to evening. The guys come at a time convenient for them.

"Lada": How many people are constantly involved in the section? And who has more – boys or girls?

Tatiana Ilnitskaya: There are 60-70 people in the section. The vast majority are boys. But we have a lot of persistent girls who achieve good results. Our athletes go to regional competitions and overall results We have good results.

"Lada": What are the requirements for those wishing to come to the section?

Tatiana Ilnitskaya: Bullet shooting, like other sports, places great demands on the athlete as an individual. He must have high moral qualities and emotional stability. In extreme conditions, an athlete must demonstrate such character qualities as perseverance, determination and endurance.

"Lada":Bullet shooting is a slow sport; athletes spend hours learning to stand and hold a weapon. Does it happen that after a couple of lessons the guys don’t come back to you?

Tatiana Ilnitskaya: Yes, this happens often. I would say that this sport is very good for phlegmatic and calm people. When many come to us, they expect a drive, that they will immediately be given a weapon in their hands and will have the opportunity to shoot. This is wrong. We teach first general position, rules of behavior at the shooting range, stances and only after a couple of months we are allowed to shoot.

"Lada": How much does an athlete's uniform cost?

Tatiana Ilnitskaya:A uniform is not needed during training, only during competitions. A set of uniforms for a shooter costs about 150,000 tenge. It is of no small importance that the athletes are given uniforms in the section and there is no need to buy them themselves. Sponsors gave it to us. The only problem in the shooting range is that there are not enough high-quality weapons; all of them are left over from the times of the USSR.

When we entered the shooting range, we saw how the novice athletes stood motionless in the stance. It turns out that they can stand in this position for hours - this is necessary for the hand to get used to the weapon, as well as to improve coordination of movement.

Only the guys from senior group fired, accurately hitting the target. In this shooting range they learn to shoot from air, small-caliber and large-caliber pistols and rifles.

A professional shooter uniform weighs 3-4 kg. The jacket with special inserts on the back and elbows resembles a corset; it is impossible to bend in it, and leather gloves are an essential attribute of an athlete.

My joy knew no bounds when they gave me a rifle. I once had the opportunity to shoot at the Dynamo stadium in Moscow and smell the smell of Mosinskaya gunpowder three-line rifle, "Saiga" and "Kalashnikov". I have had a love for firearms since childhood. This is drive and adrenaline - at such a moment you feel like a girl from Bond.

Now the section is recruiting girls under 16 years old. Why girls? - you ask. So girls can not only “shoot” with their eyes, but also handle weapons well.

I would like to wish you, dear readers, good health, excellent endurance and 100% accuracy!

Bruss Nika
Using materials from the site www.sportaim.ru

Shooting is one of the sports that dates back to the times when firearms appeared in the middle of the 14th century. This species is included in Olympic disciplines.

Sports shooting is a complex coordination sport, which requires the athlete to have highly organized control of his neuromuscular system and possess intermuscular coordination skills. Successful competitive activity requires those involved regular classes, consisting of general and special physical training of shooters.

They begin shooting at the age of 11-12, when the formation of the young body and especially the musculoskeletal system is still taking place. Shooting sports can continue for several decades. The history of shooting sports knows examples when athletes over 60 and even 70 years old competed at the Olympic Games. On the other hand, there is a rejuvenation of the contingent of shooting athletes all over the world, so today it is no longer uncommon for the adult European and World Championships to be won by junior athletes. Until recently, the winners of junior championships were determined only based on the results of qualifications. But due to the increased density of results, finals began to be held among juniors. This led to an increase in the load on the incompletely formed body of young athletes, which in turn required a revision of not only technical equipment shooters, but also their training programs and, in particular, programs for the prevention and restoration of primarily the musculoskeletal system, which is subject to significant changes from the effects of large static loads when holding a weapon weighing up to 5.5 kg, as well as fatigue from monotonous work, which affects the psycho-emotional state of young athletes.

The rapid and rapid development of shooting sports requires a modern approach. First of all, this relates to the development of modern methods training process aimed at achieving high sports results and developing harmoniously developed citizens of the Fatherland, as well as preserving and strengthening the health of athletes for the implementation of many years of successful competitive activity at a consistently high level.

Features of sports shooting

Shooting sport is one of the most ancient applied sports. It includes several varieties: bullet shooting, skeet shooting, and archery and crossbow shooting. One of popular types is bullet shooting.

Bullet shooting, like clay pigeon shooting, is included in the program of the Olympic Games and is one of the oldest Olympic disciplines. For the first time, medals in shooting were awarded at the II Olympic Games in Paris in 1900. Since 1984, competitions for men and women have been held separately.

Competitions in shooting sports are carried out under the auspices International Shooting Federation.

Unlike other sports, where athletes fight each other, in bullet shooting the shooter fights with himself. It is important for an athlete to learn to control himself in training and use this experience in competitions.

Starting with the Games of the XXIV Olympiad (Seoul, 1988), women's exercises for bullet shooting VP-4 and MV-5, two exercises for riflemen - shooting from pneumatic and small-caliber weapons. In bullet shooting, according to the Russian and international Competition Rules, all positions (readiness) are strictly regulated. Manufacturing is one of the main factors that determines the quality of a well-aimed shot.

There are 3 main shooting positions - lying down, standing and kneeling. Mastering shooting exercises begins from a lying position, then standing, and finally from the knee.

The position for prone shooting should ensure: firstly, good stability of the rifle with minimal tension on the shooter’s muscular system; secondly, the shooter’s body remains in the same position for a long time during shooting; thirdly, a position of the head that will create the most favorable conditions for the eye to work while aiming. When preparing for prone shooting, the angle of rotation of the body relative to the shooting plane should be small, within 12-20°; the left leg should be straightened, resting the toe on the ground, and the right leg should be bent arbitrarily; You should lie with a slight tilt on your left side, but so that there is no excessive overload of your left arm; the position should be as low as possible, for which the left hand should be moved further forward; you need to rest the back of the butt closer to the neck; The position of the head should be such that, as far as possible, one looks at the target straight ahead.

In order to find a rational position for shooting from the knee, you need to: distribute the weight of your body over the support points so that the least weight load falls on your left leg, which serves as a support for your left hand with a rifle. Despite the unnatural posture, achieve fixation of the moving parts of your body with the least amount of tension muscular system, especially making sure that there is no overload of individual muscle groups, which will inevitably lead to an increase in the amplitude of vibrations of the rifle and a disruption in the stability of the nature of these vibrations; find a position that ensures that the head is positioned in a way that will create the most favorable conditions for the eye to work while aiming.

The standing shooting position is the least stable compared to other types. The lower stability of the workpiece is due here, firstly, to the fact that the general center of gravity of the “shooter’s body - rifle” system is located much higher above the support area, and the support area itself is much smaller, since it is limited only by the feet of both legs and the area enclosed between them. Secondly, when shooting while standing, the muscular system is more tense, which is necessary to secure the moving parts of the body and hold it in an upright position; in this case, the action and reaction of the muscles cannot create absolute immobility of the body, and therefore there is more and less swaying of it. Therefore, standing shooting is the most complex and difficult exercise in the shooting sport. Currently, the position for standing shooting should not be very different. broad setting legs, orientation of the supporting surfaces along the shooting plane, significant bending of the body in the back due to the displacement of the pelvis anteriorly, large compensatory movement of the torso to the right and side, a certain “twisting” of the body in the lower back, the most vertical position of the forearm of the left hand, free positioning of the head with minimal muscle tension neck, not very tight butt and the most possible relaxation of the muscles of the right side of the shoulder girdle.

Having considered all types of preparations, let’s move on to the specific requirements in bullet shooting.

The shooter’s actions are characterized by monotony, statistical work of the muscles of the legs, torso and arms at the moment the shot is executed. Accurate shooting depends on the degree of stability and immobility of the entire shooter-weapon system. The process of executing a shot requires fine coordination of movements and the ability to control muscle efforts.

Bullet shooting places specific demands on the physical abilities of the shooter. If for the main sports physical training is leading in the training process, then shooting develops special physical qualities, such as coordination (stability), static endurance. According to many authors, physically developed shooters have advantages with the same technical readiness. Well-physically trained athletes tolerate the training load more easily, recover faster, and stay in shape longer.

Another one of important features This sport is about psychological tension. It can manifest itself in a violation of motor skills, an increase in heart rate and tremor, and a violation of fine coordination of movements when executing a shot.

The effect of shooting on an athlete’s body is associated with specific loads:

Static nature on the muscular system (tension of the muscles of the legs and torso, concentration on preliminary relaxation of muscles not involved in the shot, general control over the position of the body, without focusing on its individual parts, and also attention is focused on securing the ankle joint) ,

Great stress on the nervous system (the need for long-term maintenance of high-precision actions and enormous concentration of attention),

Holding your breath while firing,

Irritants encountered under unsatisfactory conditions in open and indoor shooting ranges.

With prolonged shooting, the light sensitivity of the eyes decreases and, depending on the exercise, a weight loss of 2 to 3 kg occurs. Well-trained shooters can more easily withstand these high loads.

Muscular apparatus and nervous system Shooters play a big role in ensuring the greatest immobility of the body when preparing for shooting, you need to at least get acquainted in general terms with the physiological foundations of the human motor system.