Sports tourism in Russia. Main stages of tourism competitions Sports tourism in our city

Examples of some outdoor tourism games-competitions that can be held at tourist rallies

Crossing the "swamp"

Competitions in crossing a simulated swamp will not only develop in children such physical qualities, such as agility, a sense of balance, flexibility, but will also give them an initial understanding and some skill in passing techniques and tactics for overcoming wetlands.

Both individual and team championships can be held.

Three options are practiced:

• on “fascinations” (on “bear paws”);
• along the “bumps”;
• along the “gati” (on a flooring made of poles).

Option 1 – by “fascinators”.

Each participant has two fascinki - planks (plywood) the size of a little more feet(shoe soles). If the competition is held indoors, you can use cardboard or even just sheets of paper instead of boards.

Having stood in a line at the start line (near the wall of the corridor with their backs to it) with an interval of at least a meter from each other, the participants, at the judge’s command “March!” Place one plank on the floor in front of you, stand on it with one foot and, standing on it, place the second plank towards the finish line. Standing on it with the other foot, they lift the first fascia, shift it forward, take the next step, etc. Everyone has the same task - to reach the finish line as quickly as possible - step with both feet beyond the finish line (touch the opposite wall with your hand). Whoever completes the task faster than others will be the winner. The remaining places are determined according to the finishing time of each, if it was timed using a stopwatch.

1. When balancing on one leg when shifting planks, you cannot touch the “swamp” with the other leg or hands - the floor, earth, asphalt. For such a touch, the judge awards the participant penalty points (seconds).
2. It is forbidden to move the planks through the “swamp” by sliding. Each one must be picked up by hand and transferred to a new place by air.

Option 2 – along the “bumps”.

Participants are divided into teams of 3–5 people. Their task is to quickly pass a “swampy” area 10–15 m wide, jumping from “bump” to “bump” and without touching the surface of the “swamp” with their feet.

7–10 “bumps”, forming a slightly zigzag “path through the swamp”, are located from one another at different distances of about 100–150 cm. On the floor, on asphalt, they can simply be drawn with chalk, and in the meadow they should be marked with bright rings connected from ropes, or made in the form of squares of plywood, which are nailed to the ground each with one long nail (hairpin with a head). The size of each “bump” is 30–40 cm, so that the participant can step on it with both feet.

Teams start in turn, by lot, at the judge’s signal “March!” If you make two or three “paths through the swamp,” then several teams can compete at the same time, which will add excitement. The order of movement of the members of each team is determined by the last participant at the moment when he steps from the last “bump” with both feet onto the “shore” - beyond the boundary line of the “swamp”.

The competition can be complicated by introducing the requirement to transport cargo along a “path” through a “swamp”: several heavy backpacks with equipment, pots filled with water, a burning candle (torch).

1. Participants should not step on the “swamp”, i.e. between the bumps. For each such violation, the judge awards the team penalty seconds.
2. It is prohibited for two participants to be on the same “bump” at the same time. For violation there is a fine.

If items of equipment fall into the “swamp”, water spills from the pots, or if a candle goes out while crossing the “path”, the team also receives a fine.

Option 3 – along the “gati” of poles.

In this version, competitions are best held in the lap of nature and only as team competitions. The team consists of 3–5 people. The task is the same - to pass the “swampy” section from the start line to the finish line (from flag to flag) as quickly as possible. But this time the transition is made on a homemade flooring of poles, a set of which must be prepared at the start. Each pole should be about two meters long and 5–10 cm thick. The total length of the set of poles should be slightly less than twice the width of the “swamp”.

The one who goes first in the team takes two poles and places them on the “swamp” parallel to one another in the direction of the finish, and then walks forward along them. The second participant, moving behind him along the already laid poles, hands two more poles into the hands of the first. The guide places the second pair of poles further, and the rest of the participants move behind him, passing new poles forward. The one who closes the chain must collect the vacated poles behind him and pass them forward or carry them with him.

Having passed the entire “swampy” area, the team puts all the poles in a stack on the shore, and the judge times the finish time. The winner is the team that passed the “swamp” through the girders faster than others (taking into account the penalty time).

1. The main thing is similar to rule No. 1 of the previous options.
2. When passing poles to each other, it is allowed to use them for support during the moments of movement; it is also allowed to stretch them along the surface of the “swamp” by sliding (dragging).

Walk on the log

If you come across a fallen tree while hiking, you can practice your balance.

If a tree has sharp protruding branches or lies across a deep ravine, then passing through it poses an increased danger, and you should not train on it without insurance. While resting on a trunk lying directly on the ground, you can play games with climbing over it (if the trunk is thick enough) and walking along the trunk without a load, with a backpack on your shoulders, with a pot or mug filled with water.

Each participant in turn rises and walks along the trunk to the end and jumps off it to the ground. You can introduce an additional condition - turn 180° at the end of the log and walk in the opposite direction, squat in the middle of the path, sit astride the trunk and stand again without touching the ground, etc.

The exercise should not be performed at speed, but the leader, together with other guys ( panel of judges) must give a score to each person for the quality of performance, taking into account the following indicators:

by quality of movement:

• calm, without tension – 2 points;
• tense, uncertain – 1 point;

by time:

• normal – 5 points;
• a little slow – 4 points;
• very slowly, with delays – 1–3 points;
• a little hasty – 4 points;
• very hastily, with jogs – 1–3 points;

to maintain balance:

• without violations – 5 points;
• with slight imbalances – 3–4 points;
• with major violations – 1–2 points;
• premature dismount, fall – 0 points.

In addition, additional points can be given if the participant does not spill water from the pot while passing the log; for turning, squatting, jumping, dismounting, etc.

Dodgers (pendulum crossing)

The game trains dexterity and hand strength. It is held in the forest, in the park. On level ground, a strong rope is thrown onto a thick horizontal tree branch located at a height of at least 4–5 m. Its ends are tied. On the ground under the rope, two parallel planks (colored cords) indicate the distance of the crossing - the “bank of the stream”.

They play one person at a time. Everyone needs to stand on the right bank near the bar, cling to the rope with their hands, group themselves, move their body across the stream with a pendulum and lower themselves behind the bar (cord), indicating the “left bank.”

When all participants complete the task, you can move the boundaries of the “banks” 10–12 cm further from the plane of the rope - make the “stream” wider and start the competition again.

1. For each touch of the “stream surface” with the body, the participant is eliminated from the game, and for “getting his clothes wet” he receives a penalty point. But by agreement, it is possible to allow the exercise to be completed in three attempts, and only after three failures does the tourist “drown”.
2. The winner at the “crossing” will be the one who never “got wet” in the “stream”.

Crossing backpacks (pendulum with stop)

It is convenient to hold competitions in a meadow or on a sandy area. They help children learn rope skills.

Equipment: a pointed pole 3–5 m long with a spear at the upper end (it is desirable that the spear be made of three knots not located in the same plane); a thick rope five times the length of the pole; a backpack filled with conventional tourist equipment; carabiner or cord.

Two parallel lines are marked on the site, indicating the “river banks”. The distance between them should be slightly less than twice the length of the pole, and in the middle between the “shores” you need to find or dig a small (15–20 cm deep) hole into which the pole is inserted with the sharp end. The middle of the rope is attached to the pole at the fork of the branches with a knot. WITH outside lines of the “shores” on the perpendicular passing through the hole, two small fliers 0.5 m high are driven in, on which the top part pole

The team consists of two people who stand on different banks of the flyers. The first one has a backpack and a carabiner (rep cord), and a pendulum pole is tilted towards him and placed in a flyer. At the judge’s command “Start!” he must secure the backpack to the pole's spear using a carabiner or cord. After this, the second team member lifts the pole with the backpack by the rope, and when he takes a vertical position, the first, using his end of the rope, lowers the pole towards the second and, slowing down, tries to accurately place it in the flyer on the opposite “shore”.

The judge marks the finish time at the moment when the second participant unhooks the backpack from the spears and puts it on the ground (or puts it on his shoulders).

Then the second team performs, followed by the rest.

The winner is determined by the time spent.

1. Participants are not allowed to step their feet beyond the “shore” line, but they can move along it to the sides.
2. When raising and lowering a pole with a backpack, participants can act either with the help of a rope or simply with their hands (in a more complex version of the competition, the latter may be prohibited).
3. If a pole or backpack falls, the team is eliminated from the game.

Running through the forest

This exercise trains dexterity, eye, and develops a sense of space. It can be carried out in open forest or in a forest clearing, but it can also be carried out in urban conditions - in the school yard, on the sports ground or even in gym: the main thing is that there are two or three high and strong supports (trees, poles) on which you can stretch the rope.

Equipment: between two or three trees at a height of at least 2 meters, a strong rope is not pulled very tightly long rope, on which wooden slats (sticks, branches) are hung with the help of loops or wire hooks so that they do not reach the ground a little and do not slide along the rope to the side when it bends under the load. The distance between hanging slats should be from 0.5 to 1 m. The number of slats depends on the length of the main rope (10–20–30 m). Between some adjacent slats, ribbons (cords) are hung at chest level or above the knees, as if blocking the passage.

The task of each participant is to run as quickly as possible in a zigzag between the slats so as not to touch any of them, so that none of them sway. In those transitions between slats where ribbons are hung, participants will either have to bend down, crawling under the ribbon, or step over the ribbons without touching them.

The exercise can be made more difficult if you put a backpack with a small load on your shoulders, take a ball, a bowler hat or a mug of water, or a lit candle in one hand.

The winners are determined by the time they complete the exercise, taking into account penalty seconds. The size of the fine for each violation: swinging a rod, catching a ribbon, dropping a ball, spilling water, a candle going out - must be agreed upon in advance.

Through the "forest windbreak"

Simulation of overcoming a forest area with a windbreak gives payload muscles of the thigh, lower leg, will allow you to train dexterity, eye, coordination of movements - qualities necessary for tourists, pedestrians and skiers.

The exercise can be performed in the gym using two gymnastic benches, and in the forest between two tree trunks lying parallel on the ground. You can create a completely artificial distance using ropes, dry tree branches and other available materials.

A section of the trail 10–20 m long must be blocked off with transverse crossbars made of slats, sticks or ropes, located within a step from each other and raised above the trail by 25–40 cm (below the knees) or 45–60 cm (above the knees). Tourists must take turns to overcome this section of the trail, whoever is faster, stepping over the crossbars and without knocking over any of them with their feet or losing their balance.

The results are assessed using stopwatch readings.

More complicated options: walking in forward and reverse directions, with a backpack on your shoulders, with a pot of water in your hand.

1. If a participant knocks down at least one crossbar, he is eliminated from the competition. You can agree on a three-try system.

Pathfinders

The game is played in the forest. It trains observation, the ability to act collectively and overcome natural obstacles. The participants of the game are divided into two equal teams of 5–10 people. Each team selects a captain who will decide issues of tactics and interaction between team members.

Equipment. It is necessary to prepare in advance pieces of paper of two different colors cut into small squares (do not use green), which must be scattered in the forest along two different routes from one starting point to the general finishing point. The number of pieces of paper of each color depends on the length of the route. If, for example, the routes for the game are 500 m long and marked on average every 5 m, then, accordingly, 100 of them should be prepared.

In addition, you need to prepare a bright flag (pennant, ribbon, etc.) for the finish.

While the teams are busy doing something in the clearing near the start, the leader and assistant go off to mark the first route. They move, weaving, making their way through dense thickets, descending into ravines, climbing over fallen trees and leaving their pieces of paper on branches and the ground after an equal number of steps. The assistant then remains at the finish line, setting it up by attaching a flag to a tree branch at a height of 2–3 m, and then camouflages himself nearby. The leader goes back from the finish to the start, along a new route, laying out and hanging markings of the second color on the trees.

The routes should be located so that from the start the teams diverge in different directions from each other, and then walk parallel towards the finish.

The teams start at the same time. The route option is played by lot - who gets which color. The task of each team is to get to the finish line faster in order to capture the flag, finding and collecting as many markings of their color along the way.

The team chooses its own search tactics. You can, for example, move in a chain or line to quickly detect pieces of paper; You can send patrols (scouts) ahead, who will not collect the papers themselves, but will strive to quickly reach the finish line and remove the flag from the tree.

The scoring of each piece of paper (marking) and the finishing flag must be agreed upon in advance. His score should be equal to half the total points for all paper stamps of the same color.

The team that scores the most points wins.

A more complicated version of the game for older schoolchildren can be created not only by lengthening the routes, but also by constructing routes in the shape of a figure eight, or by making pre-agreed breaks in the markings on the routes - places where the markings will have to be looked for within a radius of 20–30 or 50 m .

You should not hide paper stamps so that they are not visible at all (under roots, in moss, hollows, piles of brushwood), as this will lead to a long delay in the game.

Cross of "caterpillars"

This fun competition can be held on a sandy beach, on an area covered with loose sand, or on a flat, clean meadow. It trains coordination of movements, develops flexibility, strengthens the back and abdominal muscles.

Equipment: a circle with a radius of 5–10 m is drawn in the sand using a rope, in the center of which a prize is placed - a bowl of sweets, nuts, apples, etc. The top of the prize is covered with a napkin. And in the meadow, using a cord or steps, you can measure several equal radii from the center (according to the number of participants) and mark their ends with branches and flags.

Participants lie on their stomachs in their starting position - outside the circle at different points, each with their head towards the center of the circle. The referee's assistants tie their hands behind their backs and their feet at the ankles. After the command “March!” everyone rushes to the center to grab the prize. Everyone strives to reach the center before others, and the one who “arrived” first must grab the napkin with his teeth and throw it to the side.

1. Any method of movement is allowed: rolling from side to side, on the side, pushing off the ground with your knees, somersaulting, jumping on your knees or feet, etc.
2. It is not allowed to knock (throw) the bowl out of place with your body.

Water carriers

These climbing and running competitions train agility, strength, coordination and speed endurance. Competitions should be held on the banks of a stream, river, lake, sea, where there is a fairly high and steep bank slope (cliff, dune, sand quarry wall). They are held between teams of three to seven people. There can be several teams. It all depends on the terrain conditions and the availability of equipment.

Empty buckets are placed on the upper edge of the coastal slope according to the number of participating teams. The teams line up next to their buckets, with each participant holding a mug or a pot. The total volume of dishes must be the same for all teams.

At the signal “March!” everyone quickly goes down, scoops up water from the river in mugs and goes up to pour it into their buckets. Then they run down again for water. The team that fills its bucket to the set mark the fastest wins. The referee must monitor the filling of the buckets.

1. It is prohibited to pass mugs and pots of water along the chain; each team member must carry his own mug of water to the bucket himself.
2. The choice of lifting path for the participants is determined by the captain of each team. It is prohibited to block the passage, push the enemy, or knock the mug of water out of his hands.

Tourist relay race

One of the options sports festival for teenagers.

Tourist stages

1. Start. Equipment check

The team starts in 10 minutes. The judges check the necessary equipment, knowledge of safety rules in the forest and issue a map with a drawn distance and ZMK.

2. Bivouac, packing a backpack, setting up a tent

During the stage, the team independently distributes responsibilities for packing the backpack, removing and installing the tent. To pack the backpack, you must select the most necessary (at the discretion of the participants) items from among those provided by the judges and place them correctly in the backpack. For example: you must take a sleeping bag and a mat; they fit under your back, but you do not need to take a hairdryer, iron and large pillow. The pre-installed tent must be removed and replaced. The tent is placed on 2 poles and 10 pegs. The number of participants in this stage is determined by the team itself. When removing the tent, the judge checks the team’s organization during installation, correctness and speed (except for children 9-10 years old, where speed is not the main thing). Let us clarify: the tent, backpack and all items for packing the backpack are for the judges; teams do not bring or take them away.

3. Parallel crossing

This is a technically difficult stage, since you have to overcome an obstacle without special equipment (without organizing self-insurance), so it should not be very long, about 8–10 m on a flat surface and not very high from the ground (the lower railings are at a height of 0.7– 1 m and the top railing is at chest level). The participant’s task is to cross the parallel crossing to the other side. You need to move with side steps, standing on the lower railing rope, holding onto the upper one. The judge (physical instructor) must insure each participant. The results of the team consisting of five boys and five girls in the squad are taken into account. They are given penalty points and are assessed by judges at the stage. Completion of the stage by the remaining participants is not mandatory, but is recommended. At this stage, penalties are possible: two on the rope, stepping over the control line (jumped from the railing without entering the safe zone), fall (legs fell off the railing, and the participant was hanging only by his hands).

4. Log with railings

It is advisable to make the log over which the railing is up to 5–7 m long. Participants take turns walking along it, holding onto the railing rope. The task of the participants, their number, insurance, judging - as at the “Parallel crossing” stage.

5. Topography, local history, azimuth

To determine the top signs, the team is given five or more cards with signs. It is advisable to entrust the task to two or three participants from the squad. Two more go to determine the azimuth. If for some reason a team does not have a compass, a judge's compass must be present at the stage. The remaining participants answer questions about local history to the judge. When creating assignments, you should definitely take into account the age capabilities of the children.

6. Transportation of the victim

The team at the stage carries out the tasks of the judge to provide first aid and transports the victim. A judge from the school's medical staff should be assigned to this stage. Typically, the following conditional injuries are offered for assistance: broken limbs, spinal injuries, bleeding, wound treatment. After applying a bandage or splint, the victim is transported on a stretcher made from improvised means (poles and jackets). When planning to carry a victim, you should consider going through this stage on terrain with uneven terrain in order to develop carrying skills in any conditions. While the boys carry the victim along the indicated route, the girls answer the judge’s questions about first aid.

7. Path (overcoming the “swampy” area using treasures made of poles)

A team of four boys and four girls needs to walk through a “swampy” area using a set of poles. The boundaries of the site are marked. At this stage, up to 5–6 supports are installed, simulating hummocks and dry islands. The team is given 8 poles. The distance between the supports is 2.5 m, the length of the poles is up to 3 m. Participants can pass through the wetland, stepping only on the supports or the poles laid on these supports. There can be no more than two participants on one support. The judges give penalty points for stepping into the danger zone or falling into a “swamp.”

A team of five boys and five girls overcomes a conditional obstacle using the “pendulum” method. A conditional blockage is made through a small ditch, the boundaries are marked. You should find a place where you can secure the rope at the top. To make it easier to grip the rope, knots are tied on it at different heights for children of different ages. Possible penalties: stepping beyond the control line, stalling - touching the ground with both feet in the danger zone.

At the finish line, the team hands over its card and the score card, in which the judges indicate the number of penalty points at each stage. The chief secretary immediately calculates the penalty points and keeps a preliminary protocol, promptly announcing the competition leaders over the loudspeaker. The final protocol is posted after all results have been calculated and verified. The winners are awarded at the camp assembly. When preparing and organizing competitions, one must remember that the event should solve problems aimed not only at gaining knowledge, skills in tourist all-around and the necessary tourist skills, but also at nurturing moral and volitional qualities and improving health, developing skills healthy image life. Only such joint work of children and counselors can help achieve their goals for the education and health of children.

Currently, tourism is an area of ​​human life that allows him to satisfy various needs - for recreation, communication, knowledge, new experiences, etc. The first level of motives that motivate a person to travel is physical motivation, which is aimed at restoring the body and soul, health goals, pleasure and sports.

This is largely determined by the fast pace and high level of stress in the life of a modern person, which increasingly stimulates him to actively spend his free time. These factors largely explain the growth in popularity active species tourism. One of the types of active tourism is sports tourism, which, on the one hand, satisfies a person’s need to play sports (active tourism), and on the other, the need to be involved in sports competitions when a tourist travels to visit sporting events, which he enjoys as a fan (passive tourism).

It should be noted that today sports tourism is an underdeveloped, but nevertheless promising area of ​​tourism both in Russia as a whole and in its individual regions.

Currently, there are about 400 centers and stations operating in Russia young tourists, tourist centers, as well as many tourism departments and creative centers for children and youth, according to state statistics, about 425 thousand students are enrolled in 28 thousand united institutions of additional education. More than 1.6 million children take part in hikes every year. Up to 3 million people are involved in sports tourism in Russia. The development of sports tourism in Russia is carried out by the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia and its technical committee - the Federation of Sports Tourism of Russia, which unites more than 70 collective members, constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Hiking trips vary in duration, distance, modes of transportation and complexity of the route. For the fulfillment of certain standards, a participant in a sports tourist trip is assigned ranks and titles in accordance with the requirements of the Unified sports classification approved by the state sports committee. Hiking trips are divided into types according to certain classification criteria. According to the form of the event, there are walks, hikes, trips, rallies, competitions, and expeditions. Based on territorial characteristics, it is customary to distinguish between local (for example, within one administrative district) and long-distance trips. According to the method of travel and type of route, tourist trips are divided into walking, skiing, mountain, water, speleological, cycling, motorcycle, and combined automobile trips.

Hiking- most often the first type from which the passion for tourism begins, the easiest and most accessible, the organization of which is not very difficult. A group of average fitness (4 - 12) people can walk 25-30 km per day. The weight of the backpack depends on the duration and distance from populated areas. In 2-3-day hikes it is 12-15 kg for men, 6-10 for women. In category categories, at the beginning of the route, the weight of the backpack can reach 25-30 kg for men, 15-20 for women. Travel time is 5-6 hours, usually from 9.00 and 16.00; in hot weather it is recommended to use the morning and evening hours.

Specifics ski tourism places high demands on special, physical and volitional training. Skis should be wider than usual, with various rigid bindings, allowing you to put shoe covers on your feet against snow and cold. For overnight stays, double-walled tents, camping stoves, warm sleeping bags (down) and suits are used. An open area requires an emergency supply of fuel (firewood, dry alcohol, primus stoves) in case of a forced stop (weather, illness, short daylight hours, frost, heavy cover, change of route, etc.). A special repair kit is also required. Due to additional warm clothes and food, a backpacker-skier's backpack is 15-20% heavier. In addition, when crossing, you must carry a thermos with hot tea and broth. Setting up a tent, lighting a fire, and cooking in the snow and low temperatures poses its own challenges. The group must be at least 10-12 people.

Mountain tourism- a type of walking or ski trip, but due to specific mountain conditions it is separated into an independent species.

Water tourism is one of the most popular types tourism is usually organized using watercraft (kayak catamarans, rafts). The peculiarity is that most of the time is spent on the water, and there is no need to carry the load on yourself. This means you can take more equipment, food, and personal belongings. Water trips usually take place along rivers and lakes, of varying difficulty, using various life-saving equipment (vests, air tanks). Things and products must be in impenetrable shells and securely attached to the craft. A repair kit for the watercraft is required.

Bicycle tourism has a number of advantages, it is especially important that the speed of movement is 5-6 times higher and equipment with food does not need to be carried on your shoulders. This event most often involves trained people who have mastered riding techniques and are familiar with the rules of movement and the structure of a bicycle. Typically used for tourism, travel or Mountain bikes. The role of competent management of the tour and compliance with safety standards by the participants is very important. A repair kit, first aid kit and bicycle spare parts are also required.

According to the construction of the route, hikes are differentiated into linear, circular and radial. Linear routes pass through several (at least two) geographical points or tourist sites (bases), and the starting and ending points of such a route do not coincide and are located at a certain distance from each other. Circular tourist routes pass through a number of geographical points or tourist sites, while the starting and ending points of the route coincide. Radial routes involve tourists staying at one tourist site for the entire duration of the hiking program, which does not exclude their participation in multi-day tourist trips with overnight stays outside the tourist site. Depending on the duration, there are weekend hikes and multi-day hikes. Depending on the operating time, tourist trips can be year-round or seasonal. Based on organizational duration, we can distinguish trips organized by travel companies, stations for young tourists, tourist clubs and sections. According to the age composition, travelers are divided as follows: children, youth, middle-aged people, elderly people.

Goals of the trip

“Why are we going on a hike?” - everyone should ask themselves this question: both you and your friend who is planning to go with you, since the purpose of the hike determines many things: the composition of the group, equipment, route.

Unfortunately, it happens that an inexperienced tourist group goes on a hike without thinking through the route. Such a hike will not bring pleasure, because picturesque corners of nature may be left aside, and you will not be able to swim in the river due to the difficult approach to it. This happens to those who set out on a journey according to the principle: “We go wherever our eyes lead us.” The success of every expedition depends on how well it is prepared.

A hike is the same expedition. This means that without preparation it cannot take place. First of all, determine the purpose of the trip. Goals - and therefore campaigns - are different: . recreational (walks in the forest, in the mountains, along the river); . educational, excursion (acquaintance with republics, cities, museums, historical monuments, protected areas, etc.); . military-patriotic (study battle path famous military formations, meetings with participants in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, collecting materials about fellow countrymen-heroes); . historical and local history (such trips help to replenish the exhibitions of local museums, collect information on the history of a school, village, town, city); . environmental protection (installation of bird and animal feeders, cleaning of river banks, forests and other public places from debris); . educational (beginners master basic tourism skills); . sports (participants of the hike compete, fulfilling the standards approved by the Council of the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia).

Purpose of Travel may be associated with the fulfillment of any public assignments (conduct biological observations, compile a geological collection, collect useful plants, medicinal herbs, examine the condition of cultural and historical monuments, small rivers, etc.). You shouldn't set too many goals, it's better to choose one. If there are several of them, select the main one. Consider the rest as companions. If you manage to implement them - good, if not - it doesn’t matter. Save for another trip. Beginners should not set any goals other than educational ones. The purpose of each trip must be indicated in waybill and is known to all participants. Let everyone, after thinking, decide for himself whether he should go on such a hike or not. Its organization also depends on the purpose of the trip. For example, in a sports trip, responsibilities are distributed so that everyone does what they do best; in education it’s the other way around: it’s better for everyone to do what they’re currently not good at in order to learn and acquire skills.

Route selection and development

Beginning tourists often have a desire to immediately go on a trip “across the three seas.” It seems to many that there is some kind of miracle land where everything is much more interesting than where they live. However, first of all, it is necessary to get to know your native places and you should start by traveling in the vicinity of your city or village. Don’t get carried away with the big kilometers right away. It often happens that the less you walk, the more you learn, see and have a better rest. Choosing a route is the most important stage of preparing for a hike. Look at literature that talks about the area's geography and history. Maps of the surrounding areas of a city or region can be found in libraries or local history museums. It can be helpful to talk to people who know the area. In any case, try to choose a route that passes through picturesque places. To avoid monotony, do not return to the house the same way you came. For beginners, it is better to use routes already known and taken by someone else. Don’t let it bother you that someone has already passed them. This won't make them any less interesting. Most often, routes are designed according to the circular principle. In the vicinity of large cities, where railways and highways diverge from the city in radii, you can start the route from the railway station of one line and end it at the station of another line.

For walking routes, it is more advisable to choose small country roads and paths. Large highways are not only dangerous, but also harmful: dust and exhaust gases from cars will not improve the health and will not bring pleasure to the participants of the trip. When looking through maps and diagrams, you should note places convenient for making halts, forest areas where you need to follow the compass, various natural obstacles - ravines, swamps, thickets, and the like. Find out everything about local transport, settlements, roads, trails, forests. Don't forget to ask about shops, eateries, bakeries. Be sure to contact the forestry department and inform them about the upcoming hike. They will help you clarify the route so as not to damage nature along the way, and they will suggest convenient stopping places. If your route passes through nature reserves, you will be given a special permit, without which you cannot collect medicinal plants here or prepare firewood for a fire. Make a travel schedule: break down the route by day, determine the distances of daily marches, tentatively mark parking areas and replenishment of supplies.

Experienced tourists are advised to draw a route diagram - a visual illustration of the movement schedule - and it will accurately show the entire route of the group. When planning your route, you need to accurately set the departure and return times in order to have time to rest after the hike. The norm for beginner tourists is 10-15 km per day. More experienced tourists can walk 25 km a day. Determine the task of what you will have time to do on the hike, based on the duration of the hike: take into account the time it will take to explore interesting places, stops and rests, swimming, games, etc. It is advisable that all participants in the hike be involved in developing and discussing the route. If the route is developed by one manager or preparatory group must be communicated to everyone details about the upcoming trip. You should register your hike well before going out. If it takes no more than five days, it is enough to register with your educational institution (university, school, health camp). If the route is designed for a longer time, you need to register with the Ministry of Emergency Situations, with a tourist organization: in a club or at a station for young tourists.

Recruitment of tourist groups

Group recruitment important point in the work of its leader. The success of the route largely depends on the size of the group, the social and age composition of its participants. The cohesion of the group, its organization, and the effectiveness of its management depend on the optimal combination of the listed characteristics. However, the leader of a tourist group must be ready to work with any contingent, gently but persistently and consistently form the behavior skills of tourists. For the campaign to go well, the team must be homogeneous in strength and interests. The participation of too many people quickly reveals differences in tastes and their physical training. Some are active, they want to see more, others are attracted to long stops; some walk fast, others walk slowly.

Therefore, the maximum number of travel participants is no more than 25-30 people. However, if a lot of guys have signed up, you shouldn’t worry: during the preparation process, some of them will drop out for various reasons (the parents won’t let one, the other will change his mind). Good guys on a hike are those who don’t shake off unnecessary worries, who won’t refuse to carry the backpack of a sick comrade, who don’t save, who won’t abandon in trouble, with whom, as experienced soldiers say, you can safely go on reconnaissance. Therefore, before going, discuss and approve everyone. At the same time, take into account his interests and inclinations. For example, if you are planning a local history trip, then you really need guys who have tracker skills, members of a historical circle or museum section. There should never be any “passengers” on the trip. Each has a specific task, each has certain responsibilities.

The task of the leader of a tourist group is to unite people of different ages, education, social status into a single friendly team: pensioners and students, newlyweds and elderly spouses, workers and businessmen; for this he should study the socio-psychological characteristics of each tourist. In addition, the group leader must: . be able to smooth out and (or) eliminate conflicts that arise both within the group and outside it as much as possible; . take measures to unite the group’s team; . identify informal leaders within the group who can (or cannot, or do not want, i.e. resist) help the group leader in his work, and if there is “opposition”, find ways to neutralize it. The motivation for recruiting tourists into groups can be very different, for example, based on common interests.

So, skiers, mushroom pickers, lovers fishing As a rule, weekends, vacations, and holidays are used for travel. It is better to organize the travel of such groups of people by buses, on local and suburban trains, as well as on sea and river vessels. Groups of tourists can be united by one profession or occupation. For students and schoolchildren, these trips serve as a form of study and practice, providing an opportunity to see much of what they study in geography, local history, zoology, botany, and history lessons. In addition, when forming groups, one should take into account not only the common interests of its members, but also the time convenient for the trip. For schoolchildren and students, this is vacation; for most workers, it is vacation time.

The effectiveness of organizing and conducting a hike largely depends on the size of the group. If the group is small, it is more difficult to organize the passage of difficult sections of the route, arrange a place to stay for the night, and, if necessary, provide assistance to the victim and his transportation. An excessively large group is difficult to manage, especially on challenging hikes. Finally, large groups of tourists cause significant damage to the environment. Practice shows that the optimal size of a tourist group on a hike ranges from 6 to 10 people, and for a tourist group taking part in a weekend hike, non-category hike or trip, it should be no less than four and no more than 50 people. The rules for conducting tourist sports trips establish a minimum composition of participants: in trips of the lowest categories of complexity - from 2 to 4 people; in groups of tourists - schoolchildren - 8 people, excluding ski and mountain groups.

Depending on the age composition and complexity of the hike, the maximum number of participants can range from 12 to 30 people. Requirements for leaders and participants of tourist and sports trips are made depending on the category of complexity of the route. When forming a tourist group to travel along categorical routes, it is necessary to take into account the experience of participation in trips of the instructor leader, the quantitative composition of the group and the minimum permissible age of the participants. Participants in category hikes and trips for all types of tourism must be able to swim and know the rules for rescuing drowning people, and tourists traveling in winter and during the off-season must have experience in organizing field overnight stays. Participants in category hikes and trips must have special knowledge and skills, as well as have relevant experience in participating in certain types of hikes and trips (water, mountain, ski, etc.).

Appropriate preparation is provided by the organization conducting the hike or trip. At the time of recruiting a tourist group or at the beginning of the trip, the leader can select assistants from the most active and disciplined tourists, find out if there is a medical worker (doctor, nurse) among the tourists. Each tourist on the route performs one or another social work in accordance with his abilities and desires. The route leader thinks through proposals for the distribution of responsibilities and expresses them at the organizational meeting of the group. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the wishes and abilities of everyone.

In a tourist group there are usually several main public “positions”:

. headman- first assistant instructor. This is usually the most experienced or most reputable tourist. He participates in all organizational activities for preparing the route, monitors the well-being of all group members, and regulates their workload on the route. On a hike, as directed by the instructor, he is usually either leading or trailing. In addition, the headman assists the leader in organizing tourists, maintaining discipline and order in the group, and in some cases replaces the absent leader of the tourist group;

. equipment manager is responsible for receiving and correct use public equipment, distributes it among the participants of the hike. Monitors the condition of the equipment, manages all repair work, and at the end of the trip, hands over everything to the tourist club or rental point;

. food manager must be an energetic, efficient and careful tourist. He organizes the receipt of the required quantity of products and their packaging. It also distributes the entire stock of transferred products among the participants. On the route, he keeps records of the consumption of food in accordance with the daily layout, and daily redistributes the remaining food among tourists. Issues food to those on duty. Usually 2-3 people are assigned to help him;

. treasurer draws up estimates, makes all cash payments, keeps strict records of expenses, collects and files documents for reporting - transport tickets, receipts, copies of sales receipts; . sports organizer conducts morning exercises, organizes sport games and competitions at rest stops. Stores and is responsible for Sports Equipment;

. orderly is responsible for maintaining the daily routine, the sanitary condition of tourists, storing and replenishing the first aid kit, and dispensing medications. He cares about the quality of products and compliance with the drinking regime. He also provides first aid; . the cultural organizer prepares and organizes entertainment and cultural programs, singing songs around the fire and other events;

. photographer takes pictures of all the interesting moments of the trip, prepares photographs for the report;

. chronicler writes travel notes, compiles a trip report. Depending on the goals of the trip, participants may have other “positions”, for example, mechanic, local historian, topographer, meteorologist responsible for collecting herbariums, medicinal herbs, mineral collections, etc. Depending on the needs of the group, several tourists can perform the same duties. All participants take turns on duty.

Sports tourism

Sports tourism- a sport based on competitions on routes, including overcoming obstacles categorized by difficulty in the natural environment (roads and trails with various surfaces and off-road, crossings, passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), and at distances , laid in the natural environment and on artificial terrain.

Group of tourists

Sports tourism (ST) in Russia and a number of neighboring countries is a sport with long-standing traditions. It includes not only a sports component, but also a special spiritual sphere, and the lifestyle of the travel lovers themselves. The centers for the development of sports tourism are still non-profit tourist clubs (tour clubs), although many tourists engage in it on their own. The sport “Sports Tourism” is included in the All-Russian Register of Sports under number 0840005411YA (2006-2009).

Currently, the titles of MSMK and ZMS in sports tourism are not awarded; the remaining qualifying sports categories and titles up to MS are awarded on the territory of Russia.

In addition, the ST has specialized professional titles associated with the right to carry out professional commercial or teaching activities in the field of sports tourism: guide, instructor (senior instructor, international class instructor) of sports tourism.

As in other official sports, in sports tourism there is organized and professional refereeing, the activities of which are regulated by relevant regulatory documents. By gaining refereeing experience and undergoing appropriate professional training (schools, seminars), judges acquire the corresponding judicial titles. At the same time, a certain feature of refereeing in ST is that the remuneration of sports judges is small, or refereeing is carried out on a voluntary basis. Many of the judges are themselves sports tourists with extensive experience and significant sporting achievements. Sports judges in ST, without exaggeration, are respected, honorable representatives of the ST sports community.

Many sports tourists also engage in related sports: orienteering(running and cycling), multisport, rock climbing, mountaineering, rafting, mountain biking (amateur cross-country), skiing (marathons), yachting, etc. Sports tourists are, among other things, a reserve for training rescuers in the natural environment .

Sports tourism, primarily sports trips, is in a commanding manner a sport in which traditions of mutual assistance and mutual assistance, sports discipline, self-improvement and mutual transfer of knowledge and experience are strong.

The passion for sports tourism allows you to get acquainted with the culture and way of life of different countries and peoples, with wonderful and often even unique corners of nature, interesting sights, enjoy communication, and acquire reliable comrades.

Participation in sports hikes of initial categories of complexity and in competitions over distances, as a rule, does not require significant financial expenses, at the same time it allows you to gain the necessary basic skills and enjoyment of participating in hikes and competitions.

Sports tourism as complex view sports carried out in a complex natural and social environment, of course, carries certain risks and requires the athlete to have versatile knowledge, skills, experience and good physical, technical and psychological preparation.

In large cities of Russia there are many physical education organizations sports tourism and amateur tourism clubs, which, among other things, conduct training schools for tourism personnel (primary, basic, specialized and top level(the latter are intended for sports tourism instructors)). Studying in such schools is desirable, although not mandatory for tourism.

Among the main functional positions in a sports trip, in addition to the official position of the leader of the tourist group, one can list the deputy leader of the group (can be appointed if necessary), the leader (captain) of the rafting vehicle or sports vessel, the medic, the navigator, the manager of the household (the supply manager), the manager of the equipment ( manager), mechanic (repairman), meteorologist, treasurer, timekeeper, chronicler, photographer, etc. At the same time, the division into positions is, with the exception of the manager, and to a certain extent the physician (if the physician is a professional medical worker), it is sufficient flexible, because all tourists in the group must possess, to one degree or another, various basic skills and provide mutual assistance whenever necessary. In small groups, one person combines various positions.

Equipment in sports tourism depends on its type and includes special clothes and footwear (storm jackets and trousers, wind trousers, insulated trousers, self-release trousers, etc., thermal underwear, gloves, trekking, ski, mountain or trekking-cycling shoes, shoe covers, cycling uniforms, wet and dry wetsuits, neoprene shoes or socks, safety glasses various types etc.), helmets or helmets, ropes, carabiners and other technical means of belaying and working with ropes, flashlights with batteries, tents, awnings, alpine tools and devices (alpine poles, ice axes, crampons, walking poles, snowshoes, etc.) , fire accessories and camping utensils, multi-fuel burners, navigation and communication equipment, as well as technical equipment and equipment by type (catamarans and other rafting equipment, skis, bicycles, cars, backpacks of various types, life jackets, cargo mini-sleighs, etc. .).

The main skills of a tourist include: providing first aid, organizing and carrying out the evacuation of victims, skills in choosing a place and setting up a camp and temporary parking, working with ropes and technical means for crossing, belaying, etc., movement techniques and overcoming obstacles of various types. , organizing the order of movement and other actions in the group, survival in extreme conditions (for example, spending the night in the snow, working with insufficient nutrition, actions in extreme weather conditions, actions in case of loss of contact with the group, self-help, using improvised means as equipment and etc.), creating a menu and planning meals on a sports trip, starting and maintaining a fire, cooking, repairing equipment, orienteering and navigation, psychological work and conflict resolution, management of various works and actions in extreme situations. Additional useful skills include knowledge of the language of the hiking area or a common language, skills in related types of tourism and sports, skills in hunting and fishing, handling animals and various techniques, useful knowledge in the field of geography, flora and fauna, skills of a negotiator, storyteller, general engineering ingenuity, etc.

Types of sports tourism

Sports tourism differs by type:

• pedestrian tourism - movement along the route is carried out mainly on foot;
• ski tourism - movement along the route is carried out mainly on skis;
• mountain tourism - hiking in high mountains;
• water tourism - river rafting depending on the category, rivers are usually mountainous;
• caving tourism - traveling through underground cavities;
• sailing tourism - traveling on ships under sail on the sea or in the waters of large lakes;
• on means of transportation - a section that includes bicycle, horseback and auto-motorcycle travel;
• combined tourism - travel that combines elements of various types of tourism;

By age-social Based on this, sports tourism is divided into:

• children's tourism;
• youth tourism;
• adult tourism;
• family tourism;

IN last years The following have been actively developed sports tourism destinations:

• travel (including solo travel);
• distance discipline;
• Distance discipline indoors on artificial terrain;
• short routes in the sport hiking class.

Route classification

Depending on the difficulty of the obstacles to be overcome, the area of ​​the hike, autonomy, novelty, length of the route and a number of other factors characteristic of different types of sports tourism, hikes are divided into: according to increasing complexity:

• weekend hikes;
• hikes of 1 - 3 degrees of difficulty - in children's and youth tourism;
• sports category hikes. IN different types tourism, the number of complexity categories is different: in hiking, mountain, water, skiing, cycling and caving tourism - six categories of complexity (c.s.); in automoto and sailing tourism - five; in equestrian - three.

This division is given in more detail in the “Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes” (EVSKTM). Route qualification commissions are public expert (certification) bodies that make conclusions on categorizing routes, confirming the compliance of the qualifications of participants and the leader with the declared category of route difficulty.

Categories and titles in sports tourism

The category of a tourist-athlete allows us to judge his sports qualification, expressed in the ability to pass routes of certain categories of difficulty.

For getting sports category for tourism, before completing a route, a group is required to register it and obtain permission from the Route Qualification Commission (RQC). After completing the hike, a report is submitted to the ICC, on the basis of which the materials are reviewed, and in case of a positive decision, ranks are assigned to the participants and the leader.

According to " Bit requirements on sports tourism for 2001-2004." ranks can be assigned (ascending sportsmanship):

Tourist and sports competitions

Tourist sports competition- is the movement of a person alone or as part of a group in the natural environment on any technical means and without them. “TCS” is carried out in two groups of disciplines: 1. “Routes” - directly hiking and sports tours (in accordance with the category of difficulty); 2. “Distances” - the former “tourist all-around” - depending on the complexity of the stages, are divided into classes from 1 to 6. The distance class conditionally corresponds to the difficulty category of the corresponding hike.

Competitions are usually held separately for each type of tourism. Competitions at combined distances are allowed.

By social and age competition factors are divided into:

• family;
• children's;
• youthful;
• student,
• youth;
• adults;
• among the elderly;
• among veterans;
• different ages;
• among boys and/or girls;
• among men and/or women;
• among the disabled.

Organizational structure

The amateur movement of tourists pursuing sports goals is organizationally represented by tourist groups (teams) and tourist clubs at their place of residence, sports tourism sections - at the first and second levels of self-organization. At the federal level, the main self-government body for tourist athletes is the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia, located in Moscow.

History of sports tourism

• B is included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification.
• For the first time, competitions for the best hiking trip were organized.

Sociology of tourism

Thanks to its accessibility, sports and health tourism is enjoyed by children, as well as all segments of the population, including youth, students, intellectuals, teachers, doctors, businessmen, government and municipal employees.

see also

Notes

Links

• Tourism: adventure and sports in the Open Directory Project link directory (dmoz).

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Competitions and public events on tourism are carried out in order to improve physical education students and youth, strengthening their health, preparing for passing the standards of the GTO complex, improving sportsmanship. On the other hand, it is a training school for hiking and a means of promoting tourism.

Tourism competitions can be divided into three types: competitions in tourism skills, tourism technology, and terrain orienteering.

Touring Skills Competition

Tourist skills competitions are held for educational purposes in the following sections:
Construction and equipment of the camp. The locations of the team tents are determined by the commandant group of the headquarters. The rating is given for correctly placed tents, their design, sanitary condition, location in relation to the river, wind, etc.

Competitions for lighting fires and boiling water. Each team provides itself with firewood, stakes and a crossbar for the pot. A two-liter tourist kettle is used to boil water. When lighting a fire, it is not allowed to use flammable materials (gasoline, alcohol, etc.). The finish line is considered to be the moment the water boils. Places between teams are determined by the least amount of time spent.

Touring equipment competition

Competitions in tourist technology are held in the form of an obstacle course and a tourist relay race. For competitions, a clearly visible area with the required number of natural obstacles is selected. The length of the distance - the obstacle course - ranges from 300 l to 2 km. All obstacles included in the distance are overcome by each team member.

The distance consists of two parallel lanes, equal in length and difficulty, the distance between them is no more than 10 m. The paths are marked with flags of different colors, the start is separate. The team's path is determined either by a draw or by numbers. For example, even numbers follow the red markings, odd numbers follow the white markings. The intervals between runs are set before the competition, after the control run of the distance by a group of tourists.

An obstacle course may include the following stages:

1. Climbing a steep slope in a sporting manner using a rope up to 20 m long at a steepness of up to 45°.

2. Descent from a steep slope up to 20 m with a slope of up to 45°.

3. Crossing a slope or running over rough terrain up to 150 m.

4. Overcoming a water obstacle (by boat up to 300 m, on a raft up to 50 m, along masonry up to 20-25 m, over protruding stones up to 20-25 m, fording up to 15 m, etc.).

5. Mounted crossing up to 30 m.

6. Carrying the victim up to 50-60 m, etc.

Team results are determined by the time spent. If the stage is not passed, then each participant is allowed to make two more attempts. If they are used without a positive assessment, then the participant is removed from the competition. The scoring system for a withdrawn participant is determined by the Competition Regulations.

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Lyceum N 42 st. Irkutsk-passenger

“Description of the main stages of tourism competitions”

Completed by: Meshcheryakov Yuri

Checked by: Fillipova I.S.

Irkutsk

Introduction

Tourism has always been considered the most democratic sport. In almost any area you can find a route according to your abilities and preparation. But there was also a sporting interest, identifying best team and the opportunity to show off your skills acquired during summer and winter hikes. There was another factor that gave impetus to the development of tourism competitions; this factor was the opportunity to test both individual team members and the team as a whole.

Theoretical part

The organizers always tried to include a wide variety of stages in the competition program that revealed not only physical and technical training commands, but also the ability to work harmoniously and accurately, without hesitation, obeying the commands of the captain or team leader. After all, very often during competitions, when going through particularly difficult stages, it is very difficult to remember what is required of you in this moment. Everything that you learned only in theory immediately flies out of your head and you are left alone with an obstacle that needs to be overcome, at this moment the coherence of the team is manifested in the best possible way. One wrong word, even a gesture towards the participant from the team members and the person loses self-confidence and begins to act hoping for chance. In such cases, the commands should be given by one captain; the rest of the team stands silently, because it is very difficult to hear exactly what is needed at this moment in the cry of the entire team; you need to try to encourage the participant in every possible way, to give the necessary advice. Therefore, the team captain is not necessarily chosen to be a person who has the best physical characteristics, but a person who, in any situation, does not lose his presence of mind, maintaining complete composure (although sometimes this can be very difficult) and sobriety of thought. Sometimes when the route follows the markings (usually colored rags hung on trees indicating the direction of movement), you really want to take a shortcut, overtake your opponents, and come first to the finish line, but this categorically cannot be done, because when cutting it is very easy to lose the markings. But if, nevertheless, the marking was lost, the team should stop, and remaining in one place, send one or two people to search for the marking, continuously indicating the location of the team by shouting. The captain’s task is to correctly distribute forces during the passage of stages and the entire distance as a whole.

Description of stages

Describing the stages, I cannot help but notice that the stages are not standard and are chosen by the competition organizers depending on the type of terrain, duration and availability of refereeing equipment.

Canopy crossing

At the stage canopy crossing participants are provided with:

1. rope stretched between two trees or other fasteners

2. carabiners, one for each participant and three carabiners for insurance

3. safety rope based on two crossing lengths

Participants must share in advance the responsibilities of who does what at a certain stage. The first thing you need to do is secure one end of the safety rope to a tree (a simple noose or a carabiner) and tie a figure-eight guide at the other end. After this, the participant who must go first, having previously fastened the belay, begins to insert the carabiner, which is clipped into the harness, behind the main rope. He begins to move only after the command “Belay is ready”, which is given by the participant standing on the belay only after he takes the safety rope in his hands (on which the tops are worn). After the participant crosses to the opposite bank, he must organize insurance by also securing the rope to a tree. After this, the participants remaining on the other side knit a figure-eight guide in the middle of the rope, which is then used to insure the participants. The crossing of participants is carried out in the same order: first, the belay is fastened, then the main rope. After the participant has crossed to the other side, he sends the middle knot along with the carabiner along the main rope to the other side, now all that remains is to say that the last participant removes the belay from the tree by fastening it to himself. The stage is considered completed after the last participant has crossed and handed over the judge's equipment.

1. The knot is tied incorrectly

2. Loss of self-insurance

3. Lost equipment

4. Two on a rope

5. The carabiner coupling is not screwed in

6. Fall

Parallel ropes

An easier way to cross various obstacles. It is organized by two ropes stretched at chest level above each other. At competitions they are usually made with a bunch in the middle for cross-quilting.

The passage of the stage is arbitrary, i.e. The order in which the team members go does not play an important role. Participants approach the ropes and fasten themselves with one mustache (a mustache-rope tied to a harness so that one or two ends remain) to the rope and walk along it holding a carabiner between their hands. When approaching the place where the main ropes are connected, the second mustache is first fastened and only then the second one is unfastened. When going through this stage, you should maintain balance, trying not to fall on your back.

Fines

1. The carabiner coupling is not screwed in

2. Two on a rope

3. Loss of self-insurance

4. Lost equipment

5. Fall (touching the ground)

6. Don't correct position carbine

Topographic signs and azimuth

Determining azimuth on a subject is taught in school during geography lessons, so I will not repeat it here. It is only worth noting that when determining the azimuth Special attention you need to pay attention to what is nearby, the compass is very sensitive to all kinds of metals and live wires (there were people who managed to determine the azimuth by placing it on an iron bowl for stability). When determining topographic signs, a team is given five signs on a card that need to be determined. It is advisable to let one person from the team teach topographical signs. (Table of topographic signs is attached).

Nodes

The nodes stage is difficult in that it is the stage where the whole team shows their knowledge. The knots should be learned in advance. Particular attention should be paid to the presence of control knots, knots that do not require control ones: figure-of-eight conductor, grasping (see the attached table for the rules for tying knots).

Medicine

For the medical stage, as well as for topographical signs, a person should be identified in advance. This person will search for literature and acquire first aid skills. Typically the following types of injuries are given: fractures of various limbs, spinal injuries, open wounds. At some competitions, the first aid kit is checked and the purpose of each medication must be explained (the set of medications is standard). After applying a bandage or splint, the victim is transported on a stretcher made from improvised means (poles and jackets). When carrying the victim, special attention should be paid to the location of the slope, if any.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the author does not pretend to provide a complete description of the stages of the competition; once again, I would like to note that experience is acquired only through regular training. If you have any questions or additions while reading, please contact the author.