Techniques in Russian wrestling drawings. Self-defense techniques without weapons: a review of effective easy simple techniques, prohibited and combative. When was martial art born?

1. When entering hand-to-hand combat (regardless of the number of opponents), you need to quickly assess the situation and develop a further action plan: maneuver, sequence of actions, hit points.

2. Be careful not to underestimate your opponent; always consider him dangerous. Remember that even an enemy who is harmless in appearance may have at least one technique unknown to you.

At the same time, do not overestimate the enemy and do not be afraid of him.

Any, even the most powerful opponent (which makes him self-confident) has vulnerabilities.

3. Victory over the enemy is possible only when the defender counters his strength with strength, dexterity, determination and cunning.

4. Defense should not be too early, as this allows the enemy to get his bearings in time and launch a new attack.

When defending, try to keep your opponent off balance (so that he falls), using this for a quick counterattack.

5. A quick victory is achieved as a result of defeating the enemy’s nerve centers. In some cases, shouting loudly can play an important role in achieving victory.

6. Do not carry out any technique approximately or half-heartedly, since the result of hand-to-hand combat is to destroy or capture the enemy.

7. During training, do not strive to master the entire arsenal of techniques equally. It is necessary to master a few techniques used in different phases perfectly. hand-to-hand combat. These techniques should suit your physical fitness and temperament.

8. It is necessary to balance the choice of the method and strength of the counterattack with the degree of threat to the defender. Having neutralized the enemy, do not lose vigilance and be prepared for a possible new battle.

9. Keep a clear head during combat. Unreasonable anger leads to muscle tension, loss of technique and reduced effectiveness of hand-to-hand combat techniques.

In all types of martial arts, the training and preparatory processes, in addition to flexibility and reaction exercises, also include complexes for developing strength. No “secret” or miraculous techniques will help if they are performed by a weak person who does not have the necessary physical strength. And we are talking here primarily about the development of functional muscles, and not about the formation of its spectacular appearance.

Strength exercises in martial arts and martial arts have different tasks than, for example, in bodybuilding. They focus on increasing muscle endurance, the ability to quickly tense and relax, which is especially important when striking and defending. Hence the requirement: the strength exercises that will be discussed must be performed in fast pace(naturally, after a good warm-up), which allows you to build up physical strength.

Before performing a set of these exercises, it is necessary to actively warm up the muscles. Passive warming up through slow exercises with weights is not enough in this case. It is important for a hand-to-hand fighter to work not only on strength, but also on the speed of performing exercises, techniques or strikes. After all, as is known, the impact energy directly depends on the speed of the moving mass.

Strength training it must be carried out outside of the main training, regularly, and most importantly - accurately dosed, not “over-pumped”.

Program strength exercises cannot be implemented without a minimum of special tools: dumbbells, expanders, barbells. You can’t do it without the help of a partner.

Strength exercises are strategically aimed at solving two main problems. The first is general strengthening of the body, primarily the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which contributes to rapid recovery body after exercise. The second is the formation of the ability for the so-called energy explosion, that is, the ability to use the power capabilities of the human body for maximum mobilization when performing any technique or difficult exercise. The effort should be brief, but very powerful.

There are two types of strength exercises: isotonic and isometric. In the first case, we are talking about the tension that arises during dynamic movements. Such exercises warm up well and increase muscle power, requiring constant tension throughout the entire range of motion. Isometric exercises are performed in static poses. The muscles tense intensely for a few seconds (usually no more than 10-15), and then relax. These exercises should not be overused.

Never use them unless you are properly warmed up. Otherwise, overexertion and ligament injuries are inevitable.

Fulfill isometric exercises You can do it either alone or with a partner, which makes training emotionally enriching.

By doing isotonic exercises, it should be remembered that the number of approaches should not exceed 4-6 and should not include more than 10-12 repetitions in each approach. For an isometric complex, the maximum permissible purely approaches is 3-4 and, accordingly, the maximum number of repetitions in each approach is 5-8 times.

And now - exercises.

1. Lying on the floor on your back, raise your right leg up, do not bend the knee. We perform swinging movements to the right and left until the foot touches the floor. Then we change the leg.

2. Alternating movement of the legs back and forth. One leg is put forward and very strongly bent, the other is set back and straightened. We place our hands on the floor in front of us. In this starting position, we change legs, trying not to jump. The movements should be creeping along the floor.

3. Lie on your back and take a vertical body position with your feet up. We lean on our elbows, shoulder blades and head. With our hands we take hold of the belt from behind. One leg is straightened up, the other is bent. With sharp movements we throw the bent leg up, while simultaneously bending the other.

The toes of the straightened leg are pulled towards you.

4. Standing on one leg, straighten the other forward. Then we squat on the supporting leg. Then we change the leg.

5. From the “squatting” position, with the heels pressed to the floor, we straighten up and make a powerful swinging movement of the leg with maximum amplitude. Then we change legs. After each swing strike we return to the starting position.

The above exercises develop and strengthen the leg muscles, especially the muscles and ligaments of the thigh, which is especially important when performing kicks.

6. Various types of push-ups from the floor on your fists, on your fingers, with your arms spread wide apart. There are exercises with clapping, which are performed as follows: while lying on your palms, sharply push off from the floor, make a clap and return to the starting position.

7. Lying on your stomach, resting on your fists, we perform swinging movements of the legs back and forth, without bending them at the knees. The exercise can be combined with push-ups using your fists. We synchronize the straightening of the legs with the change of legs.

8. Squat down and place your hands on the floor. Feet together, knees between elbows. With a sharp movement, throw your legs back as high as possible. At the maximum point of movement, the legs should be straightened. The back is slightly bent back, and after the legs touch the floor again, we bend back to the limit. Then we jump back to the starting position.

9. Knees bent, head thrown back, hands resting on the floor behind the head. Stand on the bridge, arch your back as much as possible, pulling your legs towards you, as soon as you take this starting position, bend your arms and move your torso back and forth. As an option, an exercise is possible where the athlete stands on a bridge on his head, the so-called wrestling bridge.

10. Feet placed wider than shoulders, we lean forward and rest our heads on the floor, first securing ourselves with our hands. Having assumed the “triangle position”, we clasp our hands behind our backs. We perform movements back and forth and left and right.

11. Lie on your stomach, hands behind your head. A partner holds your legs (if you work independently, the role of a partner can be performed by any support - wall bars, bench, etc.). Bend back as much as possible and in this position, turn your body left and right. After each approach, lie down on your stomach and relax for no more than a minute.

Great importance have exercises to develop muscles abdominals, oblique abdominal muscles.

12. Lying on your back, spread your arms to the sides with your palms down and raise your legs up without bending your knees. Place your straightened legs to the right, then to the left. After each approach, lie down and relax for 15-30 seconds. Repeat the same relaxations in the following exercises for the oblique abdominal muscles.

13. From a lying position on your back, straight legs together, hands behind your head. Fold up, simultaneously lifting both your legs and body off the floor.

Clap your hands under your knees and lie down again in the starting position. Do not bend your knees.

14. Lying on your back, arms along your body, raise your straight legs up at an angle of 90 degrees.

15. Lying on your back, arms bent behind your head, legs extended forward, raise your torso forward to an angle of 90 degrees.

Now a few words about how isometric exercises are performed and what they give to an athlete engaged in hand-to-hand combat. First of all, they perfectly strengthen muscles without additional weights. Static stress, that is, muscle work without movement, includes everything muscle tissue to work to achieve maximum effort. In this case, a large amount of energy is spent, but there is no movement as such, which allows training to be carried out in completely “Spartan” conditions. The voltage should be at maximum for 10 seconds. If you do this type of training regularly, correctly alternating work and rest, the results will appear very quickly. But we must remember that isometric exercises are accompanied by heavy loads on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, they are unacceptable for physically unprepared people. And therefore they need to start with short-term series.

16. Standing in a free position, clasp your hands behind your back. Then begin to spread your arms to the sides.

17. Free pose. Let's half-bend one arm at the elbow, place the other on top, grabbing the wrist. We are trying to raise the half-bent arm upward.

18. Lying on your back, legs straight, trying to lift your body up, overcoming the resistance of your partner, who rested his hand on your chest.

19. The same thing, but only lying on your stomach.

20. Standing with your feet shoulder-width apart, your arms bent behind your head, try to straighten them up. Your partner, grabbing your hands by the wrists, prevents you from doing this with his own hands.

21. From a lying position, try to do a push-up, overcoming the resistance of your partner, who is resting his hands on your back.

To these exercises you can add other, simpler ones, without the participation of a partner. For example: try to move a wall by resting your hands on it; try to bend or break a metal rod or thick stick by holding the ends with your hands; try to crush any hard object by squeezing it with your palms.

You can come up with a lot of exercises of this kind if you call on your imagination to help.

Fingers

They play the role of vanguard in hand-to-hand combat. The saying “the fist cannot do what the palm can do, and the palm cannot do what the fingers can do,” emphasizes the important role that the fingers can play. They have a big one impact force, quick movements, they easily reach deep places. Therefore, in China, during competitions, for safety reasons, finger strikes to the eyes and throat are prohibited. In a fight, two fingers are usually used (index and middle) or four fingers pressed together. Using the tips of the fingers, piercing, poking, grasping and tearing blows are applied to bone sutures or to the eyes, throat, etc. The training consists of repeated repetition of piercing blows with the fingers into a bag of sand, a bucket of rice, as well as other exercises (Fig. 22-24 ).

1. Swinging movements of the legs back and forth alternately with the right and left legs, simulating a blow.

2. Alternately abducting the legs to the sides.

3. I.P. - combat stand. Deep bends forward with your forehead touching your knees.

4. I.P. - sitting. Same exercise.

5. I.P. - legs spread wide apart. Bend forward.

6. I.P. - sitting. The leg in the direction of the tilt is straightened, the other is bent at the knee. Bend alternately to the left and right legs.

7. I.P. - sitting on your knees. Bend back.

8. Alternately taking positions: lying on your back with your arms up and sitting, bent, fingers reaching for your toes.

1. I.P. - standing with your back to each other, holding on top. Lunges forward with the same legs.

2. I.P. - standing next to you, holding your hands above your head and below. Side lunges.

3. I.P. - standing facing each other, holding hands. Squat on one leg.

4. I.P. - sitting, legs bent, spread apart with the help of a partner; bending forward.

5a. I.P. - lying on your back, moving your legs to the side with the help of a partner.

6b. I.P. - standing facing each other. Raising the leg up with the help of a partner (leg on his shoulder)

7th century I.P. - standing sideways to each other. Taking the leg to the side with the help of a partner (leg on his shoulder).

8g. I.P. - sitting with their backs to each other, arms bent at the elbows and closed. Alternating forward bends.

9. I.P. - sitting facing each other, hands behind heads. The partners bend alternately towards the right and left legs.

10. I.P. - push-ups on the ground (on the fingers, then on the fists)

11. I.P. - sitting facing each other. Partners bend forward, hands behind their heads (bends are performed alternately or together)

1. I.P. - while standing, lean forward. Pull your left or right leg back, arms to the sides. Raise and hold at the top point for 10 seconds. and more.

2. I.P. - standing on your right leg, bend your left at the knee, stand for 10 to 15 seconds, then change the position of your legs.

3. I.P. - standing on your left leg, slowly raise your right leg up. Use your right hand to support her. Resist for 5 seconds. and more.

In the process of training those engaged in a particular hand-to-hand combat technique, three stages are distinguished: familiarization, learning and training. The main stage is training, and familiarization and unlearning are carried out only at the first stage of training. To some extent, an independent stage is only familiarization with the technique, for which 2-3 minutes are allotted. Learning and training represent a holistic pedantic process of mastering a motor act; there is no sharp line between them.

In everyday teaching practice, it is usually conventionally assumed that unlearning ends when students can generally reproduce the technique of a technique. During the training process, further improvement of the technique of the technique is carried out, the formation of a strong motor skill and the development of qualities and abilities to apply it in different conditions and the environment.

The main goal of familiarization is to create in students a correct, holistic understanding of the technique being learned and the technique of its implementation.

In the process of familiarization, the verbal method and the method of practical demonstration are used, which should aim students at consciously studying the technique and arouse a desire to master the technique of the technique.

The correct name of the technique, on the one hand, contributes to the mastery of the terminology of hand-to-hand combat by those engaged in hand-to-hand combat, and on the other hand, it forms a certain initial idea about it, which is further specified. Demonstrating a technique at a combat pace creates a clear visual image of it, strengthens interest in mastering it and serves as a role model in the future. The demonstration can also be carried out by assistants to the lesson leader if they are well prepared. In this case, the lesson leader should focus the students’ attention on individual elements of the technique. In order for the display to create a complete visual impression of the technique, it must be demonstrated both in one direction and the other, and the personnel must be positioned in such a way that the technique is visible, especially its main elements, to all trainees.

When familiarizing yourself with a technique, it is important to indicate in what cases it can be used in hand-to-hand combat with an enemy.

The instruction may be supplemented by practical demonstrations of specific situations. This will encourage students to be consciously active in the learning process. At the end of the introduction, it is necessary to briefly explain the technique of the technique, using precise terminology. It is not advisable to analyze the technique in detail, since it will be difficult for students to remember individual small details and this will not allow them to focus on the main thing in the technique. The presentation of the technique should be accompanied by a demonstration at a slow pace or in sections, depending on which learning method is chosen. At the end of the story, it is necessary to indicate the main elements of the technique and, as necessary, conduct an additional demonstration with an emphasis on them.

In the process of unlearning, the trainees develop new motor skills for conducting hand-to-hand combat with the enemy.

Depending on the level of preparedness of the students and the complexity of the technique, learning can be carried out using the following methods: holistic performance of the technique, dismembered performance into divisions or parts; with the help of preparatory (leading) exercises.

Learning by the method of holistic execution is carried out when the technique is simple in its structure, accessible to students to perform as a whole, or when it is impossible to perform the technique in any other way.

As a rule, this method is used when learning preparations for battle, defenses and other simple techniques. The essence of this method is that learning hand-to-hand combat techniques is carried out by performing them repeatedly, first at a slow pace in simple conditions, and then at a gradually accelerating pace, bringing it to a combat level, in a variety of conditions and settings, both at the command of the lesson leader and independently.

The method of learning a technique by division (parts) is used if the technique is complex; it can be used with stops without disturbing the basic motor structure. Its peculiarity is that in the process of learning, certain positions (parts) of a motor act are sequentially fixed. On the one hand, it provides students with a correct idea of ​​what position the body parts occupy at the moment; on the other hand, it allows the lesson leader to constantly monitor the actions of the students and clarify the details of the technique.

It must be remembered that the division of a holistic technique should be carried out on the basis of a qualified analysis of the technique. Each part should represent a logically complete, relatively independent motor structure and not turn into very small isolated motor actions. Subsequently, the divisions (parts) are combined by sequentially joining them to each other or to the main element of the reception. After practicing the technique in sections, you need to start learning it as a whole at a slow and gradually accelerating pace. This method is used when learning painful holds, bayonet injections and blows with a butt, disarming, individual throws, strangulation and other techniques.

The method of learning a technique with the help of preparatory (leading) exercises is used if the technique as a whole cannot be performed due to its difficulty, and it is impossible to break it down into parts, or if the technique is complex and there is a need to first practice leading exercises, and then start learning the technique in general or by division.

In conclusion, the techniques are practiced independently by the students.

In the process of independent practice, each student individually chooses the pace of performing the technique, practices individual details of the technique, and must strive to perform the technique at a combat pace.

The main attention is paid to consolidating the skill by repeatedly performing the technique. At this time, the leader of the lesson corrects individual errors in the technique of performing the technique, encourages students to consciously work on learning the technique.

The main goal of the training is to repeatedly perform a learned technique in a gradually more complex environment and in a variety of conditions with the goal of bringing the quality of its execution to automatism. At this stage of training, high-quality mastery of a motor skill is achieved to such an extent that would ensure its practical application in real conditions of hand-to-hand combat, as well as high level development of physical and special qualities and education of volitional qualities.

The skill formed during learning is not yet resistant to various specific conditions in which hand-to-hand combat is possible. Therefore, during the training process, the formed motor stereotype underlying the skill is consolidated and at the same time the likelihood of performing the technique in various conditions increases. During the training, the environment and conditions for performing various exercises should be as complicated as possible; trainees should be given the opportunity to show broad initiative and resourcefulness in solving the problems at hand.

Training, as a rule, is carried out in a flow or in the form of a training bout (circular training) for conditioned or semi-conditioned actions, without resistance from the “enemy” or with (insignificant) resistance.

Complicating the situation during training is achieved by:

Changes in starting positions;

Performing techniques for accuracy and speed;

Increasing the number of continuous repetitions of the technique;

Performing a technique in the “other” direction (inconvenient), on the “other” arm (leg), etc.;

Conducting a training fight with various partners (by weight, height, etc.);

Performing a technique in combination with previously studied techniques (bundles of techniques following one after another) against the background of significant physical exertion, both in specially prepared places and on terrain of varying nature,

Sudden changes in training conditions (actions on commands and signals depending on the behavior of the “enemy”, etc.);

Execution in limited space (narrow places, trenches, rooms, on a small support area at height, etc.);

Incorporating the competitive method into training with various weapons and other available means.

Further improvement of students in performing hand-to-hand combat techniques is carried out in the process of complex training, which should be organized at each lesson at the end of the main part. Its goal is to consolidate skills in performing learned hand-to-hand combat techniques in a complicated environment, as well as to develop and improve the physical, special and mental qualities of those involved.

The main objectives of complex training are:

Improving skills in performing learned techniques and actions in martial arts conditions;

Development and improvement of agility, speed of action, strength and endurance;

Cultivating courage and determination, initiative and resourcefulness;

Forming the ability to conduct hand-to-hand combat with an enemy, choose the right distance for attacking and repelling an attack, skillfully maneuver, and correctly build combat tactics.

The content of complex training necessarily includes hand-to-hand combat techniques in action, learned in this lesson and performed in combination with techniques and actions mastered in previous lessons. Complex training is organized as part of a unit and is carried out by two main methods, sequential (line-by-line) implementation of techniques and actions and in the form of a training battle for conditioned, semi-conditioned and unconditioned actions.

In the first variant, the trainees move in a stream at increased distances and perform conditioned or semi-conditioned techniques and actions on military personnel pre-positioned at points. At the same time, short-term training bouts can be carried out at these points. As a rule, military personnel are deployed at 4-5 points.

In classes to study the techniques of fighting with a machine gun, complex training includes performing exercises in applying bayonet thrusts without repulses and with repulses, striking groups of scarecrows with the butt and magazine while running, overcoming obstacles and throwing grenades.

When conducting training in the form of a training fight (martial arts in pairs), the trainees are positioned in a two-ranked formation facing each other at increased intervals. Its content includes paired combat exercises, performed first by one and then by the other in training ranks. The simplest types of martial arts can also be the following:

Push the “enemy” out of the area or knock him down using a throw;

Grab the “enemy” in the process of wrestling with a painful hold and hold him;

Conduct a fight between an unarmed person and an “enemy” armed with a dummy weapon;

Conduct the battle using mock-ups of carbines with a soft tip, rubber knives, as well as improvised means.

Development of physical and mental qualities, education of volitional qualities.

In the development of physical and mental qualities, the leading role belongs to the system of conditioned reflex connections of a person, ensuring the formation of the body’s abilities for motor and mental activity.

The motor activity of students during hand-to-hand combat classes is carried out in three main areas;

Formation of skills for conducting hand-to-hand combat, development of physical and education of volitional qualities. Therefore, the pedagogical activity of the lesson leader should be manifested in teaching the techniques and actions of hand-to-hand combat ( technical training), in development and improvement physical qualities(physical training in the narrow sense of the concept) and in the education of volitional qualities and the development of mental qualities (psychological training).

In hand-to-hand combat classes, the development and improvement of all basic physical, volitional and mental qualities is carried out in conjunction through the training of those involved. However, it should be borne in mind that qualities determine individual aspects of a person’s motor capabilities and cannot exist outside of movements and actions; they are in close relationship with motor skills. This must be taken into account in the process of training military personnel. Increasing versatile physical, volitional and psychological readiness depends on the presence of various actions in the exercises, performed repeatedly with great physical activity in a varied and increasingly complex environment.

The development and education of various qualities of students is achieved by:

The use of specially selected exercises and actions in which the developed or nurtured qualities are manifested to the greatest extent;

Methodological influences that create conditions for maximum manifestation of the necessary qualities;

Definition and application of rational methods of influencing the psyche of students.

Learning complex technical techniques of hand-to-hand combat requires high concentration of attention. Therefore, training in the most complex techniques must be planned in the first half of the main part of the lesson, when the central nervous system is not yet tired and is in a state of optimal arousal after the preparatory part. In many cases, in close connection with the training of complex techniques one should develop dexterity, speed in action, and also pay attention to cultivating courage and determination.

In the second half of the main part (i.e., complex training), exercises for developing strength and endurance, as well as for developing perseverance and perseverance, endurance and self-control, are more appropriate. Systematic execution of exercises in a complicated environment develops in students the ability to apply techniques in a variety of rapidly changing conditions, fosters initiative and resourcefulness, increases emotional stability and further adapts the body to adverse factors that arise in real hand-to-hand combat. Therefore, the lesson leader must constantly develop in students an understanding of the need physical training in complicated conditions and at the same time create conditions that make the situation more difficult and increase physical fitness.

A very important psychological condition for the success of training is the formation of an attitude among those involved in the possible best execution each specific task, encouraged by a positive assessment from the manager. Each student has a desire to show results no lower than the results of his comrades. This desire motivates him to work to his full potential in class. The influence of a specific task on learning outcomes depends on the nature of the setting of this task and its verbal formulation.

The more specific and clear the task, the higher the results. But at the same time characteristic feature Hand-to-hand combat training is the repetition of the same techniques and actions, which can result in such negative phenomena as monotony and monotony in work.

Monotony is a very negative psychological factor.

Monotonous, boring work inevitably leads to a decrease in interest in the activity, relaxation of volitional efforts and rapid fatigue.

An important means of overcoming this negative factor in the classroom is the variety of content and training conditions.

Changing techniques and exercises, the environment for their implementation and training methods helps maintain interest in the lesson and causes a restructuring of processes occurring both in the central nervous system, and in the body as a whole. Switching from one movement to another during exercise occurs on the basis of various sensations. Such variety is achieved especially in the process of complex training.

An important methodological means of increasing the effectiveness of classes is the use of the competitive method. The specific conditions of competition are intense and even maximum physical and mental stress, completely unusual in Everyday life. Competitions are characterized by novelty of the situation, extremeness, lack of time to perform certain motor actions, and increased responsibility for the speed and accuracy of one’s actions. They encourage you to show how you can better results, which forces students to take energetic and persistent action. Such classes are usually held with great emotional excitement, interesting and exciting. The emotional uplift that arises as a result of competitive martial arts contributes to more powerful volitional efforts. All this will create favorable psychological conditions for improving the quality and effectiveness of the lesson.

The main part of the lesson, as stated above, is carried out for 65-85 minutes, of which, as a rule, in the first 65 minutes, individual techniques and actions of hand-to-hand combat are practiced, and complex training is carried out within 20 minutes. Depending on the preparedness of the leader, the number of students, equipment and the characteristics of the location of the lesson, two forms of conducting the main part can be used: simultaneous and shifting.

The simultaneous form of implementation is that all students are simultaneously trained in the same techniques or actions under the guidance of the lesson leader.

The advantage of this form of teaching the main part is the ability to evenly distribute time for practicing individual techniques in accordance with their complexity. As a rule, the simultaneous form is used when there is a small group of students or when there is a sufficient amount of equipment, equipment and lesson topics that allow the entire unit to simultaneously perform the same techniques.

The changeover form means that groups in designated places at the same time are taught different techniques or actions.

After a certain period of time, at the command of the lesson leader, they change places.

Complex training is carried out as part of the entire group (unit) by the leader for 20 minutes.

In the final part of the lesson, the leader should strive to bring the students’ body into a relatively calm state. To this end, it is necessary to gradually reduce the load, run at a slow pace, walk, as well as 2-4 muscle relaxation exercises in combination with deep breathing and breathing exercises.

The pedagogical conclusion consists of a brief assessment of the activities and achievements of students in solving the assigned tasks, and their orientation for subsequent classes.

From the point of view of psychological stimulation of students, it is necessary to achieve positive emotions in them.

This should help prepare a positive attitude for the next sessions.

CIRCULAR TRAINING there is one of the best ways to improve skills in hand-to-hand combat; as a rule, previously learned techniques are used here, where each partner, after a certain time, works in the center of a designated circle, which allows the partner to test himself in fights with partners of different weights and heights , with different levels of technical and physical fitness.

In this case, students will quickly feel their shortcomings, gain confidence, and find rational ways to achieve the final goal. In this training, you can hold a competition to determine the best warriors based on the quality of their techniques.

Each soldier (partner) walks the circle several times at a slow pace, then at an average pace and then at a combat pace. The lesson leader needs to pay attention to the partners’ compliance with safety measures.

Such training promotes the development of technical thinking and the creative use of techniques; military personnel develop valuable moral and volitional qualities and the will to win.

This book shows three options for circuit training:

In the first option we include a knife and a stick;

In the second - a knife and a machine gun;

In the third - a knife, a small shovel and a machine gun.

The second way to improve the technique of hand-to-hand combat is FLOW METHOD. This method is similar to circuit training in that previously learned techniques are used here and each partner, after a certain time, performs techniques with the warriors in a stream. If you mentally imagine that you are overcoming obstacles or barriers at some distance.

In this method, the leader of the lesson indicates the distance of the paratroopers, methods of attack or defense, weapons and draws the attention of partners to compliance with safety measures.

In hand-to-hand combat, a situation may arise when a paratrooper (soldier) finds himself without a weapon. In this case, punches and kicks are combat means of achieving victory over the enemy. Their effectiveness, with appropriate preparation, can be quite high (when the blows are delivered to the most vulnerable parts of the enemy’s body).

Hand strikes. A direct strike begins with active extension of the standing leg behind, followed by rotation of the hips and torso, forward movement of the striking arm, reverse movement of the other arm and ends with an instant fixation at the moment of contact with the target.

Kicks have a number of features.

Maintaining stable balance at the moment of impact plays an important role, since the body weight is supported by only one leg. Maintaining balance is also hampered by the recoil that appears after the impact. In order to maintain stable balance, you should use tension in the muscles of the supporting leg to absorb the impact of the blow and keep top part body almost perpendicular to the surface.

Based on tactical considerations, after the blow, it is necessary to quickly return the leg to the ready position for battle. This will not give the opponent the opportunity to grab it or trip the supporting leg.

After a blow is struck, all biomechanical systems of the body restore a stable position or directly switch to another movement.

Thus, the effectiveness of strikes is ensured:

Maintaining stable balance and solid support at the moment of impact;

Achieving great force and speed of blows, consistently incorporating large muscle groups and maximum concentration of effort at the moment of impact, accompanied by an active exit

Depending on the applied mass, impacts can be heavy or light (high-speed)

With heavy blows, the weight of one’s own body is fully used, and in light blows, the maximum speed of all parts of the striking limb is used.

To deliver a side strike, you need to point your hand at the target from a fighting stance, turn your fist inward with your fingers and describe an arc horizontally with it, and strike. At the moment of impact, the forearm should be raised with the elbow forward. The blow can be delivered with or without a step, bitingly, using a turn of the body.

Punch from below used at close range, applied to the solar plexus, chin, and when the enemy leans forward - to the face.

The blow is performed with the base of the fist, palm facing up (towards you). The inertial force of turning the body is put into the blow.

Poking fingers. When poking fingers striking hand do not straighten them completely, but slightly bend them at the joints of the phalanges so that the fingertips are in line. The poke can be performed by turning the hand and forearm inward, as when applying direct blow with a fist (palm down), and without turning the palm (palm up).

Strike with the heel of the palm. The striking technique is similar to a direct punch, but the hand is not clenched into a fist, and the half-bent fingers are pulled back so that the base of the palm is open.

The blow is applied from below to the chin or bridge of the nose. At the moment of contact with the target, all fingers of the striking hand must be tense, which will help concentrate the force of the blow.

In addition to the basic blows discussed above, blows are also struck with the edge of the palm, elbow, forearm, etc.

STRIKED PARTS OF THE HAND

a) the base of the fist (the base of the fingers bent into a fist)

b) base of the palm

c) the terminal phalanges of the fingers (spear hand) and the edge of the palm

d) the muscular part of the fist (hammer fist)

e) elbow and back of fist

e) forearm and elbow

The position of the fingers clenched into a fist.

Fig.1. How to clench your fingers into a fist correctly.

Based on tactical expediency, a distinction is made between attacking strikes, counterstrikes, pre-emptive strikes, double strikes and series of strikes.

Attack blow- This is an intense forward action aimed at injuring the enemy. As a rule, an attacking strike is preceded by preparatory actions that should ensure its effectiveness (maneuvering, false actions, etc.).

The counter-strike is delivered at the moment of the enemy's attack and is almost always combined with some kind of defensive action. Counterstrikes distinguish between counter and retaliatory strikes.

Counter- a blow that precedes the enemy's attack.

Counter attack prevents an enemy attack.

Double punch- two blows quickly following each other. It can be one-sided or two-sided.

One-sided double strikes- these are blows that are delivered with one hand or foot or two limbs of the same name.

Double sided double kicks performed with two opposite limbs (arms, legs or arm and leg).

Series of blows carried out together in different vulnerable places against the peak.

Paratroopers perform defensive actions to repel enemy attacks.

Defenses are used in hand-to-hand combat as a single technical and tactical whole, with retaliatory actions immediately following the defenses.

On a technical basis, shields are mainly divided into repulses and stands, but they can also be performed with other technical techniques, such as movement (prick or approach), body movement (slope, dive), etc.

Based on tactical expediency, it is always necessary to determine the type and direction of the enemy’s attack before using one or another defensive action. Defense in single combat should be combined with a retreat that does not break the combat distance in order to be able to hit the enemy with retaliatory actions. At the same time, counter defenses are also used, which are performed with the aim of stopping or sharply slowing down the movement of the enemy’s striking limb. In these cases, the feeling of combat takes on special significance, i.e. constant understanding of the combat situation, actions and plans of the enemy, based on individual experience, i.e. of his improvisation. An important role in this is given to the acuity of visual perceptions, the subtlety of psychological analysis, the accuracy of muscle and tactile sensations, sense of distance and time.

Pounding defenses are performed with the fist, the edge of the palm, the forearm, and the foot. Depending on the form of movement of the limb, they can be straight or semicircular.

Protection with a stand is performed with the palm, forearm, crossed forearms, shoulder, thigh, foot.

In combat practice, a large number of technical techniques have been accumulated in punches, kicks and defenses against them.

We reveal those techniques and actions that are most often found in the combat activities of a paratrooper.

When striking with a hand, it is important correct position fingers of the hand in a fist at the moment of impact in relation to the forearm.

To do this, you need to squeeze your hand, starting with the little finger, put your thumb on top, pressing it firmly against the second phalanx of the middle finger. The fist should be clenched tightly, which protects the base of the fingers from injury. The back of the fist forms a straight line with the forearm. The striking part is the base of the fingers clenched into a fist.

Direct punch applied from various stances to the head and body at close and medium distances.

To deliver a direct blow with your hand, it is necessary to send your right fist from the left-sided fighting stance sharply, but without excessive tension of the muscles of the body and arm. the shortest route at the target, turning it from right to left (twisting). At the same time, the other hand is sharply pulled back with the elbow, the fist turns palm up. The blow is performed with a sharp exhalation. At the moment the fist touches the target, the right leg is placed closer to the left, and the muscles of the body are briefly tensed. After the blow, quickly return to a fighting stance.

Side punch effective for attacking from the side at close range, as well as during contacts with a slope under the opponent’s arm. The blow is applied with the base of the fingers bent into a fist: to the temple, jaw, ear, solar plexus along the body.

a) Perform an external block against a knife blow to the head. Grab her and kick her in the head with your right foot.

b) The opponent grabs the throat from behind with his right hand, strikes him in the stomach with his left elbow and throws him over the head.

c) Perform a jumping kick, the left leg is a feint movement to the head, the right leg is a side kick to the stomach, chest.

d) The opponent strikes with a stick from the side. Perform a dive. Then, with your left, deliver a direct blow to the stomach. Carry out a turn to the right - forward. Grab the leg and hook the supporting leg, finishing off the enemy.

Circuit training. Option II






In-line method

KICKS

Kicks are very effective, have great power and are easy to perform. The main requirements for the kicking technique are speed, accuracy, strength and a stable position of the kicker at the moment of hitting the target. They are used at medium and long distances and are performed with the toe, instep, foot, heel, knee (Fig. 2).

Impact leg parts:

a) toe and heel

b) raising the foot

c) midfoot

d) knee

The blows are delivered mainly to bottom part torso, stomach, lower back, tailbone, groin, knee joints, lower leg and along the upper arch of the foot. Can be applied to the upper body: chest, throat, head.

For this you need to have good preparation. After throwing the enemy to the ground, blows are delivered to any vulnerable part of the body and head.

Direct hit. It is the main one of the kicks performed with the foot, applied from a left-sided or right-sided stance (less often a frontal one) by straightening the legs or swinging movement. A straight blow with extension is applied as follows: raising the thigh of the right leg forward and upward (the foot with the heel rises up to the buttock), sudden movement straighten your leg knee joint and strike the target with your toe (instep). At the moment of impact, tense the abdominal and front thigh muscles as much as possible. The supporting leg is slightly bent, at the moment of impact the foot does not leave the ground, the arms, bent at the elbows, are sharply pulled back to maintain balance and strengthen the blow. After the strike, the muscles immediately relax and the leg lowers into the position of a fighting left-handed stance.

Side impact. Apply from mid to long distance with the foot, outer edge of the foot, instep and heel to the shin, knee joint, abdomen, lower back, chest and head. The most effective is a blow to the knee joint with the foot from the side and to the stomach (liver, spleen).

The blow is applied to the knee joint from the side stance: pull the right thigh up, the sole of the foot rises along the inner surface of the left leg to the groin. Turning the thigh with the knee in the direction of the target and straightening the leg at the knee joint, strike the shin with the edge of the foot, or the knee from the side - with a punching blow of the foot, or the hypochondrium (stomach) - with the heel (take the toe towards you). At the moment of the blow, tense your muscles, tilt your torso slightly in the direction opposite to the blow, point your arm of the same name (simultaneously with the movement of your leg) towards the target, lower your other hand closer to the groin in readiness to block a possible counter-strike. After the blow, relax your muscles and immediately return to a fighting stance.

Punch to the stomach applied by lifting the foot with a turn of the hip and supporting leg.

Hitting with the foot or heel from above are performed on the upper arch of the foot, on the shin - when the opponent grabs the body from behind, on a lying opponent (after a throw) - from a short swing with sharp blows to the painful points.

Knee strikes to the groin used when releasing grips of the body from the front, a blow to the face of a bent opponent.

The technique of these strikes is simple, Special attention It is necessary to pay attention to maintaining balance when striking. Balance exercises must be practiced in the preparatory part of each lesson.

5a. Direct hit

5 B. Side kick with the instep of the foot

5th century Side impact outside feet

6a. Heel strike to the head

6b. Back kick

6th century Inward kick (knocking down)

7a. Impact stand

7b. Knee sweep

7th century Heel strike to a prone opponent

8a. Outdoor unit. Used against blows to the head, backhand to the body, block with the right hand from the inside out, body weight on the right leg.

8b. Bottom block. From the left-sided stance, perform a lower block from a kick to the groin and stomach.

8th century Double block. From a kick, substitute the outer block with your forearms, clench your hands into fists and tense your whole body.

9a. Upper block. Protection from a blow to the head. The block is performed rigidly upward above the head.

9b. The upper block is also performed from a knife strike from above (while exhaling)

9th century Protection inside. Make the block from the outside to the inside of the body. Move your body weight back.

10a. Outdoor double block. Repel an enemy attack with a block of two hands (forearms)

10b. Cross block. Rigidly block with both hands from the opponent’s kick.

11a. Cross block.

11b. Protection with a hand rest. Protect yourself from a side kick with your forearms. Put up a tough defense. Move your head to the side.

12a. Move your body to the right. Use your left forearm to protect yourself from a side impact.

12b. Use your left foot to trip the opponent's supporting leg...

12v...and add a blow to the groin.

II Option

13a. High impact protection. Substitute a block with your forearms (at the beginning of the blow)...

13b... and at the same time move the body forward. Strike the body with your right hand, sweep under the supporting leg with your right foot...

13c... and finish off the enemy in the groin.

III Option

14a. Place a block with your forearms, grab your leg, left hand on the toe, right hand on the shin...

14b. ... make a sharp turn to the left, twisting the shin to throw...

14c... and finish off the enemy in the groin.

15a. In response to a direct blow from the enemy, with a short lunge to the left, grab the leg from below under the shin...

15b. ...by bringing the body forward and lifting his leg up with his hand, strike him in the head. Use your left foot to trip the opponent's leg...

15th century ...strike a vulnerable spot.

1 (times) Substitute the lower block from the kick

2. Execute upper block from a blow to the head

3. (two) Slash to the neck.

4-5 (three). With a turn to the left, substitute a cross block from the kick. Grab your opponent's hands and headbutt him. Pushing away from yourself with your hands, strike the second opponent in the chest with your right foot.

6. (four) From the front stance, moving to the left, strike the solar plexus, turn to the left.

7 (five) Strike the chest of an attacking enemy with a knife with your right foot.

8 (six) From the front stance, deliver a direct blow to the stomach.

9 (seven) Step your left foot forward and strike your opponent’s neck with your right hand.

10 (eight) Side kick to the head

11 (eight) Then kick the chest with the other leg

12 (nine) Turning to the right, knock down the threatening enemy with your right hand

13 (nine) Half step forward, strike the opponent's head with your elbow

14 (ten) Turn right

15 (eleven) From the left side post, perform an inward rebound...

16 (eleven) ... and deliver a direct blow to the enemy's chest

16 (twelve) Defend against a knife strike with a double cross block

17 (twelve) Grabbing your hand and pulling it forward towards you, strike with your knee in the stomach

18 (thirteen) With your left hand, strike the back of the enemy’s head and knock out the knife with your knee

19 (fourteen) To the left, strike the opponent’s neck with your left hand...

20 (fifteen) ... and deliver a side kick to the opponent’s chest with your right foot

21 (sixteen) Frontal stance with transition to front.

Punches and kicks can be effective means defeating the enemy when it becomes necessary to conduct hand-to-hand combat without weapons. A strong and precise blow or series of blows causes temporary loss to the opponent motor ability and consciousness, severe pain, injury and even death.

Kicks are the most effective, as they are very powerful and can be applied simultaneously with melee weapons against several opponents.

Punches and kicks differ, as a rule, in a general group one-sided way on the training equipment of special towns and gyms(punching bags, punching bags, stuffed animals, wall displays, tablets, etc.).

The organization of the lesson largely depends on the equipment of the training areas with training equipment. It is desirable that all personnel can simultaneously carry out strikes on the target, but if this is not possible, then training is carried out on existing equipment by alternately performing techniques in shifts (ranks) or in a stream at the commands of the training leader.

For clarity of training, the contours of the human body should be drawn on stuffed animals, wall mock-ups, semi-rigid tablets, and training bags and clearly marked vulnerable points.

From the first lessons, you should get your subordinates to deliver precise, strong and unexpected blows to the enemy.

Sequence of learning strikes:

Perform combat stances several times (left-sided, right-sided, frontal);

In a combat stance (ready for battle), perform several movements, step, jump;

Practice the strike on the spot at a slow pace, fixing the most significant elements of the strike, for example: a direct blow with a fist - the back of the fist at the moment of impact should be in line with the forearm, with a direct kick - the movement starts from the thigh, and ends with a whip of the shin, etc. .d.;

Perform single strikes for speed and accuracy on the spot, then while moving, perform a series of similar strikes with both hands on one target;

After practicing several punches and kicks, perform a series of different strikes on one or several targets in place and in motion;

Improve your strikes in a difficult environment, a semi-darkened room, with flashing lights, sound interference; strike at suddenly appearing targets, etc.

At the end of learning each punch and kick, you need to give time to independently consolidate the skills. Each exercise is performed 3-4 times.

When striking, do not prematurely tighten the muscles of the arms and torso. The blow is delivered harshly and with a short-term contraction of the muscles, the hands are clenched into a fist; shoulder girdle and hips - by fixing the moment of impact, abdominal muscles - by a sharp release at the moment of striking the targets. The blow is delivered to a point located 7-10 cm further (in depth) to the target.

A direct blow is the main one in mastering the technique of all punches, so it is necessary to pay attention to its practice in every lesson. When performing strikes in motion, pay attention to the coordinated movement of the legs with the punches. You must be able to strike with both hands, from different points, at stationary and moving targets. If there is not enough equipment for everyone, then training should be carried out alternately in shifts (ranks) or streams.

In the future, in the same sequence, learn punches from the side and from below, with the edge and base of the palm, the muscular part of the fist, the forearm, the elbow and poking with the fingers.

Kicks are learned in the following order:

Toe kick - a direct kick to the groin, stomach, torso, head; on a lying opponent - in the stomach, in the tailbone, in the groin, in the lower back, in the head;

Foot kick - a side punching blow to the knee joint, to the liver, spleen, rib to the shin, torso, head;

A heel strike is a type of foot strike, most often applied from above to a lying opponent or when delivering a side strike;

Knee strike - from below to the groin, into the face of the bent opponent.

The learning sequence is basically the same as for punches.

It is necessary to pay special attention to raising the hip and sharply whipping the shin at the target, as well as striking the target through a 40-50 cm obstacle

A group of techniques that ensure a painless fall during throws, collisions with an opponent, or after performing painful techniques are called self-insurance techniques.

Self-insurance techniques play a significant role in preparing military personnel to master the technique of performing attack and self-defense techniques. The main thing in the technique of performing self-insurance techniques is to transform the translational movement of a falling body into a rotational one and, by sequentially touching the ground with parts of the body, as well as by proactive strikes with hands and feet, change the force of the impact at the moment of the fall.

Self-insurance techniques include somersaults (forward, backward, over the shoulder), falling forward, backward, on the side

Roll forward.

From a front stand, squat down, knees slightly apart. Pressing your chin to your chest and rounding your back, rest your palms on the ground, push off with your legs and rest the back of your head on the ground, roll forward over your back. In the final phase of the roll, grab your shins with your hands and, having completed the somersault, take the starting position.

Back somersault.

From the front stance, squat down, pressing your chin tightly to your chest and, falling back, group yourself. At the moment your shoulders touch the surface, lean your hands near your head, roll over your head or shoulder and take your starting position.

Somersault forward over the shoulder

From the front stance, leaning forward and to the left, pass your right hand between your legs, palm down, place your right shoulder on the ground, move your head to your left shoulder, and press your chin to your chest.

Push off with your feet, roll diagonally from your right shoulder towards your left buttock and take a position on your left side.

Finish the somersault with a preemptive strike with the left hand and feet on the ground. In the final position, the left leg is bent and the right leg is in front of the entire foot.

Falling forward

From the front stand, fall forward onto your arms, slightly bent and elbows spread to the sides, followed by a roll from your chest to your stomach.

Falling backwards

From the front stance, squatting and falling back, roll onto your back. The moment your buttocks touch the surface of the ground, you should strike with your hands in a pre-emptive strike. Arms - at an angle of 40-45° relative to the body, after a fall, cover vulnerable spots with your feet.

Falling on your side

From the front stance, squatting and simultaneously twisting your body to the right (left), lower yourself to the ground with your right (left) buttock and roll in a tuck onto your right (left) side. At the moment your buttocks touch the ground, you must strike preemptively with your right (left) hand and feet on the ground. In the final position on the side, the right (left) leg is bent, and the left (right) leg is in front of the entire foot.

Self-insurance techniques are studied in the following sequence: forward somersault, back somersault, backward fall, side fall, shoulder somersault, forward fall. All self-insurance techniques are learned in a group unilateral method. To study somersaults, the unit lines up in the middle of the site, the distance and intervals between military personnel are one - two - three steps. Somersaults are performed from the middle of the platform to the edge: first, from a crouched position, and then from a middle and high front stance.

When studying somersaults, the following commands are given: “Take the emphasis while crouching”, “Forward somersault - start-NAY”, “Forward somersault over the shoulder - start-NAY”.

The forward somersault over the shoulder is learned in the following sequence: after becoming familiar with the technique, servicemen (partners) stand on their right (left) knee and left (right) foot, insert their right (left) hand between their legs, palm down, with their elbow turned forward under them, pushing off with their feet and falling onto the right (left) shoulder, roll diagonally from the right (left) shoulder to the left (right) buttock and, delivering a preemptive strike with the left (right) hand and legs, take a tuck position on the left (right) side. The leader of the lesson monitors the technique of performing techniques and eliminates errors. Subsequently, somersaults are performed from a high stance while walking and running.

Falls (except for falling forward) are learned in the following sequence:

Acceptance of final position;

Practicing pre-emptive punches and kicks;

Performing tuck falls while sitting on the ground;

Performing falls from low, medium and high stances;

Performing falls while moving and in combination with other techniques and actions.

In order to improve skills in performing falls, they must be performed in more difficult conditions: through a partner’s back, through a pole; through a partner’s hand, etc.

Falling forward is learned in the following sequence:

Roll back and forth while lying on your stomach;

Roll forward from your knees,

Fall forward from a high stance onto bent arms,

Falling forward with a jump followed by a roll over the chest, stomach, thighs;

Performing a fall in motion;

Performing a fall in combination with other techniques and actions.

Self-insurance techniques are learned in the first lessons and are included in the content of all subsequent lessons.

A soldier participating in hand-to-hand combat may often use various grips on the opponent's limbs, neck, clothing and weapons. The struggle for capture is a very significant part when carrying out attacking or counterattacking actions.

A capture is an action by a soldier with his hand or weapon aimed at making active contact with the enemy in order to create favorable conditions for an attack or counterattack.

According to tactical conditions, grips are used:

Preliminary, which is the starting position for the transition to the main grip;

Basic - with the help of which the techniques are performed;

Response - those that a soldier performs in response to enemy captures, after which he carries out release from capture or retaliatory actions;

Defensive, which are performed in order to make it difficult or impossible for the enemy to carry out a technique.

In terms of technical design, any of the grips can be used for all four tactical purposes.

There is no need to describe the technique of grips, since it will be described when describing the techniques of painful holds, throws, chokes, etc.

The skill of a serviceman (partner) is largely expressed in the ability to create favorable conditions for the desired reception. By his actions, he must force the opponent to lose balance for a moment (force him to stand on one leg or lean to any side). At the same time, the attacker, increasing the movement of the enemy, must carry out the technique in the direction in which he is deviating, or, using the resistance provided by the enemy to restore balance, carry out the technique in the opposite direction.

To throw the enemy off balance, the following methods are mainly used:

Using your own strength;

Using the force and inertia of the enemy's movement;

Using one's own strength in combination with the strength and inertia of the enemy's movement.

Unbalancing the opponent is carried out by pulling or pushing with the arms, stepping (stepping), turning (tilting) the body and combinations consisting of the above methods.

Hands when grabbed and unbalanced are the main link with the enemy.

The partner maneuvers with his legs, and they are the support when performing techniques. Using the body, they move the center of gravity of the enemy’s body beyond the area of ​​support and knock him down, using their own weight.

Training in grips and unbalancing the enemy is carried out while studying the techniques of painful holds, chokes, throws, and releases from grips.

In hand-to-hand combat, with direct contact with the enemy, he can grab the arms, throat, torso, legs and clothing.

Grabs can be carried out both from the front and from behind, so the ability to quickly free yourself from them is very important for the successful completion of hand-to-hand combat. This group of techniques is divided into releases from grips of various parts of the body:

RELEASE FROM FRONT GRAPPS

Knee to the groin.

Grab your head with your hands...

And twisting it to the left to throw it to the ground.

THE OPPONENT GRABED THE HEAD FROM BACK

At the same time apply with a quick backward movement swipe elbow in the chest, and with your right hand press his arm as hard as possible to avoid severe pain.

Perform a dive back and then a painful hold on the arm.

Techniques for releasing grips are learned in a group unilateral method on a non-resisting partner. First, one line learns the technique, and then another.

All techniques are learned in both directions.

Releasing the grip begins with a kick or punch, and then the technique itself is performed. Learning is carried out in the following sequence:

Generally at a slow pace;

By divisions;

On one's own;

At a fighting pace.

Techniques are learned standing still, and then from various starting positions, in combination with other techniques. At first, the techniques are performed according to the commands and orders of the lesson leader; later, the technique of performing them is improved independently. Before performing any technique, a preliminary order is given, according to which the military personnel take the starting position, and then the executive command. For example: “For the second numbers, grab the partner by the front of the neck with both hands. For the first numbers, mark a kick to the crotch, grab the partner’s head and, twisting it to the left until it falls completely, free yourself from the grip.

Release from a neck hold - "Nachi-Nai". When making advance directives, the actions of each number should be clearly defined.

Performing techniques for releasing grips is accompanied by punching and kicking, as well as the use of painful techniques. Therefore, the following requirements must be observed:

Perform neck grabs and painful holds smoothly without jerking;

Release from a tackle by throwing from the middle of the court to the edge;

Immediately stop performing the technique at the partner’s signal;

Insure your partner during throws and falls;

Avoid falling on your partner.

The ability to quickly free yourself from enemy grips is important constituent element preparing a paratrooper for hand-to-hand combat.

They are used at the moment of direct contact with the enemy. Throws do not achieve the ultimate goal of martial arts, but only create favorable preconditions for injuring and destroying the enemy.

Throws- the most technically complex group of techniques. When performing them, it is very important to choose the direction of the throw, skillfully use the opponent’s movement, as well as the inertia of your body’s movement. The basis of the technique of any throw is to remove the general center of gravity of the opponent’s body beyond the support area.

This achieves a gain in tempo, and ultimately victory over the enemy.

Rear step. From the right-hand stance, grab the opponent’s forearm or clothing at the right elbow with your left hand, and with your right hand, grab the clothing on the right shoulder. With your left foot stepping forward and to the side, put the enemy on your right foot in front. At the same time, shift the center of gravity of your body to left leg. Place your right foot behind the opponent’s legs and, kicking him in the popliteal crease with your right foot, throw him to the ground and kick him.

Back Throw. From the right-hand stance, grab the opponent’s forearm or clothing at the right elbow with your left hand, and the clothing under your arm with your right hand. Pull the opponent's arm forward and upward, turn your back to him legs bent so that the opponent's hand is on the right shoulder. Straightening your legs, kicking your pelvis and leaning forward, jerking your arms down, throw the opponent to the ground and kick.

All throws, with the exception of the throw by grabbing the legs from behind and over the head, are learned in both directions. After performing the throw, the opponent is immediately kicked in the most vulnerable parts of the body. Throws are practiced on a carpet or sand pit. Before learning throws, students should be divided into pairs of approximately equal height to weight. Throws are learned in a group unilateral method on a non-resisting partner, first in one line, and then in the other.

When learning throws, you must comply with the following requirements:

Trainees must master self-insurance techniques;

All trainees must perform throws in one direction;

All throws should be performed from the center of the mat to the edge;

Do not allow your partner to fall after the throw;

Kicks and hand strikes are only indicated;

It is mandatory to insure your partner at the moment of touching the ground (carpet).

Throws are learned in the following sequence:

By divisions;

Generally at a slow pace;

On one's own;

At a fighting pace.

Improving the technique of performing throws should be carried out in the following sequence:

Throw on the spot;

Throw in motion;

Throw on different partners;

Throw in combination with other techniques.

Destroying or injuring an opponent by strangulation is an effective technique, which is often performed in a standing or lying position when attacking him from behind, both with the help of improvised means (belt, rope, stick, weapon) and without them.

Choking techniques are used in direct contact with the enemy and are performed with hands and other means.

Rear choke described (Fig. 1-3).

Strangulation while lying down It is usually performed after a throw with the legs grabbed from behind, as well as in a prone position. Strangulation is carried out using a belt or rope in different positions, similar to strangulation from behind.

The basis of the strangulation technique is the mechanism of blocking the airways by squeezing the throat, as well as turning off the diaphragm and intercostal muscles from ensuring the breathing process by squeezing the torso with the legs.

Rice. 1. Silently approach the enemy and hit him under the knee with your right foot.

Fig.2. With your right hand, grab the hair, pressing down.

Fig.3. Use your left hand to strike the neck and perform a choke.

Strangulation training is carried out in the following sequence:

Lying strangulation and double strangulation;

Standing strangulation.

Strangulations are studied using the group unilateral method on a non-resisting partner. First, one line learns the technique, and then the second:

By divisions;

Generally at a slow pace;

On one's own;

At a fighting pace.

When learning techniques, the leader of the class draws the students’ attention to the position of the legs, grips, blows, and the position of the body at the moment of strangulation. When improving the technique of performing strangulations, the leader of the lesson creates various situations for the students, in which they must perform the technique from different positions, in motion, etc.

At each lesson, it is necessary to remind students of safety measures and to require strict compliance with insurance and self-insurance.

When performing combat missions, a situation may arise when an unarmed person will have to act against an armed enemy. In these cases, the enemy tries to use his advantage. The most typical actions of an armed person will be:

Attempts to hit the enemy with a bayonet thrust or a knife blow;

Threat with a machine gun shot.

In this case, the unarmed person is required to have restraint and self-control. Based on the position of the weapon and the nature of the armed person’s actions, it is necessary to determine his intentions in order to carry out the disarmament technique.

Disarming is performed by leaving the affected area (turning the body, lunging with a step in different directions), grabbing the enemy's weapon or armed hand, striking with hands or feet, and ending with painful holds or throws, followed by depriving the enemy of contact with the weapon.

Fig.1a. Disarm while moving to the left; step the left foot forward and to the left to knock off the weapon and grab it, strike

Fig.1b. Pressing your foot on the opponent's thigh, knock him to the ground, and grab the weapon.

DISARMAMENT WITH LEAVE TO THE RIGHT

I.P. Fighting stance...

Move to the right from the bayonet thrust, grab the weapon with your hands and kick in the stomach...

Avoid the injection to the right with a lunge forward, grab the weapon and at the same time strike with your hand to the head, trip the enemy with your right foot

Pull out the weapon and neutralize the enemy

DISARMAMENT FROM IMPACT WITH A SIDE STOCK

The enemy strikes with the butt from the side. Dive under the weapon, grab the machine gun with your right hand, and strike in the chin with your left hand.

Pull the weapon back while pushing your body back and at the same time strike the knee with your left foot

1. Suddenness and actions that distract the enemy will help to carry out the technique.

2. Never turn your back on your opponent. If there are a lot of them, increase your field of view, try to see them all.

3. It is better to carry out escort techniques from the back so that he does not see you.

4. When acting, it is necessary to take into account the place, time of day, and environment.

5. First you need to learn to defend yourself, and only then think about how to defeat your opponent.

6. You need to teach yourself to instantly navigate the enemy’s numbers, and when guessing, instantly respond with self-defense or attack.

7. If you are attacked, you must take care to use the enemy's strength to his detriment.

8. Try to use all available means against attacking armed opponents.

9. Hit your opponent where his muscles are not tense.

10. It is necessary not only to develop muscles, but also to strengthen the will and nerves in order to be cold-blooded, so that every blow is accurate and sudden.

11. When simulating strikes and techniques, you must imagine a mock opponent in front of you.

Disarming techniques are learned in a group unilateral manner on a non-resisting partner. Techniques are learned in a pit with sand and sawdust, in the hall and on a flat grassy area. When studying disarmament techniques, mock-ups of machine guns, knives, and shovels are used. If a military weapon is used, the bayonet must be in a sheath.

Students are located at increased intervals and distances. When learning disarming techniques, it is necessary to draw the students' attention to the fact that in all cases, first they move away from the affected area, and then grab the weapon, strike and the technique itself.

Techniques are learned sequentially, first in one line and then in another.

All techniques are taught in the following sequence:

By divisions;

Generally at a slow pace;

On one's own;

At a fighting pace.

When learning division techniques, students should pay attention to quickly leaving the target area and withdrawing the weapon. After leaving, grab a weapon and kick him in a vulnerable spot. When performing techniques in general, make sure to follow the correct sequence of their implementation. When performing the techniques yourself, check each pair. If necessary, give a command to stop the reception, point out errors and give instructions for further execution of the reception.

Learning the technique ends with performing it at a combat pace. After this, practice in the same sequence with another line.

Improving the technique of disarming techniques is carried out by repeatedly performing them:

For speed and accuracy;

In move:

On various partners;

In combination with other actions.

Thus, perfect mastery of the technique of disarming techniques is prerequisite training military personnel for hand-to-hand combat. A soldier who is fluent in the technique of disarming techniques is able to defeat the enemy in the most critical situations. Performing disarming techniques from various starting positions with military weapons instills in paratroopers endurance, courage, determination, and gives them confidence in achieving victory over the enemy.

On the backswing, dive under the blow of the stick

Straightening up, deliver a strong side kick with your left leg to the opponent’s stomach.

During the swing of a blow to the body with a stick, a quick movement forward towards the enemy...

Grab the opponent's arm with your left hand and deliver a slash to the neck with your right hand.

The enemy strikes with a stick to the head and throat. Grasp the stick with both hands...

And, pulling it out towards you with your right foot, deliver a side kick to the opponent’s chest.

Remove your stomach from being hit with a stick by tilting your torso forward...

Jump as high as possible from a blow to the legs with a stick...

Landing with your right foot, step on the stick and at the same time strike the enemy’s head with your right hand.

The opponent strikes the head with a stick, dive under the blow...

Grab the opponent's hand with your left hand, and the stick with your right, pulling it towards you, tuck it in and throw it over the hip...

After the throw, finish him off with a stick or foot.

Knife strikes are an effective means of destroying an enemy in hand-to-hand combat and are applied to vulnerable parts of the enemy’s body. They include stabbing and cutting blows, throwing a knife.

Preparation for combat to perform piercing blows is done on the left side. The knife is held in the right hand: for backhand strikes from above and from the side - with the blade down, for strikes from below - with the blade up, for straight strikes - with the blade forward.

To apply cutting blows, preparations for combat are taken right-handed, with the knife in the right hand with the blade forward, blade down.

Movement is carried out in a ready-to-fight manner, with specific steps (forward, backward, left, right) and leaps (forward and backward, basically the same as when moving in a ready-to-fight machine gun.

Backhand piercing blows from above, below and from the side are usually delivered from close range, and a direct blow is delivered both from close range and from middle distance(with a lunge). From the ready-to-fight position, with a short swing of the armed hand and with the left foot stepping forward, strike with a knife in a quick movement. After the blow, pull out the knife. If necessary, repeat the knife strike.

Cutting blows are usually delivered from a medium distance to the opponent's face, neck and arms. They are performed in a horizontal diagonal. After a short swing with a step (lunge) with the right foot forward, with a quick semicircular movement of the armed hand, strike with the blade of the knife. If necessary, this movement can be repeated several times in different planes.

Throwing a knife is used to defeat an enemy at a long distance (from 3 to 10 or more steps). Throwing a knife is advisable if the enemy is approaching, running away, or does not expect an attack.

To defeat an enemy at a distance of more than three steps, the “handle forward” throwing method is used with a swing over the top, with this method the knife is held by the blade with the handle forward, the blade inward. The thumb is placed on top and directed along the blade, the rest support the blade from below, without touching blades.

The starting position for throwing is ready for battle (left-sided: a knife in the right hand, bent in front of the chest.

To swing, you need to step forward with your left foot and move your arm up and back above your shoulder, not counting your hand. The left arm is freely bent at the elbow joint. Push your right foot and turn your body to the left, with a quick movement of your hand, send the knife to the target, releasing it at the moment the arm is fully straightened.

To defeat an enemy at a distance of up to 1-4 steps, the method of throwing a knife “blade forward” can be used. In this case, the knife is held by the handle, with the blade facing inward. The thumb is placed on top along the handle, the rest clasp the handle from below. The starting position is the same. Throwing technique with the handle forward.

Grabbing the knife by the blade

Grabbing the knife by the handle

Throwing a knife blade forward

KNIFE STRIKES

Rice. 1(a-c)

KNIFE PROTECTION

Fig.1 (a-c)

Fig.2 (a-c)

PROTECTION AGAINST BACKHAND KICKS

Defend yourself with your right hand against a knife blow to the head...

Leaning your body forward, strike at the same time with your hand to the head and kick under the knee...

After the throw, disarm with a painful hold.

PROTECTION AGAINST PICKING KNIFE

Push your armed hand to the left...

Grab it and move your body forward...

Carry out a throw, a back trip...

Perform a painful hold on the elbow bend.

II OPTION OF PROTECTION AGAINST A KNIFE IN THE Stomach

Defend yourself from the enemy's armed hand and capture it...

Deliver a strong backhand blow to the opponent's head...

With your right leg (foot), deliver a strong blow above the knee and continue to press it until the opponent falls...

Finish him off in a vulnerable spot and disarm him with a painful hold on the hand and elbow joint.

PROTECTION AGAINST STABING IN THE STOMACH

Protect yourself with your palms (placing them on top of each other) while moving your stomach back

Grab your armed hand and, moving it to the left with your right foot, deliver a side kick to the stomach...

Turning around, send his armed hand to the chest (stomach).

PROTECTION AGAINST KNIFE IMPACT FROM TOP

Protect yourself with your left forearm under the enemy's armed hand...

Give a strong blow to the groin...

With your right hand, hit the chin and, pressing forward, perform a rear step...

Bring the body forward, and after the fall, disarm with a painful hold on the arm.

DISARMAMENT (DEFENSE)

Kick to the right and grab your armed hand, strike under the knee...

Bringing your body forward to grab the opponent's collar...

And, pressing on the elbow bend, perform a painful hold and strangulation.

PROTECTION AGAINST A KNIFE TO THE HEAD

Protect yourself with your left forearm from a knife strike from above, strike him in the chest with your hand and grab his hand...

Pull forward with your elbow and hit your opponent in the face...

Sending your hand down, perform a painful hold on the elbow bend and disarm.

DISARM FROM IMPACT WITH A KNIFE FROM BOTTOM

Protect yourself by placing your palms on the enemy’s armed hand and grab it...

Moving it to the left and forward with your right foot, hit him in the chest...

After the blow, strike the opponent's hand with your hand.

DISARMAMENT

Repel and grab the enemy's armed hand with your right hand...

Pulling it forward from you with your left foot, strike under the opponent’s knee...

And pressing down, strike the head (neck)...

Carry out a painful hold and disarm.

PROTECTION FROM A KNIFE IMPACT FROM BOTTOM

Place a block from the stabbing knife in the stomach with your left forearm and grab your hand...

Strike with your right hand in the face and with your knee in the elbow bend...

Lowering your leg with a blow under the opponent’s knee, pressing down, stand on it and strike with your fist in the chin, disarming it with a painful hold.

PROTECTION AGAINST KNIFE IMPACT FROM TOP

Starting position: side stand against the threat of a knife strike...

Defend yourself with your palms (placing them on top of each other) against a knife strike from above...

Extending your armed hand to the left, deliver a strong side kick to the head with your right foot.

(designed to improve skills in performing techniques and defense with knives)

Once: Drill stand

Two: Perform an upper cross block and move to the left

Front stand. Legs at an angle of 45°

Nanasty kicks him in the chest with his right foot

Perform cutting blows to the right, then to the left.

Three: a) From a half-turn to the right, strike the body with two knives

b) To the left. Repeat knife strikes

Four: perform a side kick from a half step to the right. Stay in a frontal stance.

Five: Strike in the stomach with your right hand

From a half turn to the left, strike the neck with your left hand.

Half a turn to the right. Right hand strike to the head.

On the left - a blow to the body. After the hit, move into a front stance.

Six: perform a blow to the head with the left knife

With your left foot, hook your opponent while turning in a circle to the right. Then strike your opponent's body with your heel.

Finish off with the left knife.

Seven: With a half-step of the left foot back, strike the attacking enemy with the right foot.

Eight: from a fighting stance - left leg in front, with your right leg, turning to the left in all four directions, deliver a side kick and take a frontal stance.

Nine: front stand

Left turn; perform the block from the inside out and moving the body forward...

Inject with a bayonet in the torso; return to the front stance.

Ten: With a half turn to the right, make a block with the right knife from the inside out...

And with the left foot stepping forward, strike the enemy’s torso with the left knife.

Eleven: from the front stand, use two knives from the inside out...

Shifting your weight to the left with your right foot, strike a counter blow.

Twelve: from the combat stance, turn to the left...

With your right foot stepping forward, use your right knife to hit the enemy in the torso...

And finish off with a kick from the left leg by lifting the foot.

Thirteen: From the left-side rack, perform a parry with the left knife up...

Use the right knife to stab him in the torso...

Hit your opponent with a side kick from your right leg.

Fourteen: from the right-hand stand with a step to the right, deliver a side blow

Fifteen: from the front stand, perform a strike with two knives...

Repeat the strike, moving into a front stance.

Front stand.

For deceptive movements, you need to practice rotating the knife between your fingers. This focuses attention on the opponent's defense.

Hand-to-hand combat techniques with a small shovel are an effective means of defeating an enemy in hand-to-hand combat, as well as when conducting single combat with armed and unarmed opponents. They consist of strikes, repulses and taps, throwing shovels.

The preparation for combat is taken on the right side, while holding the shovel with your right hand by the handle, covering your head with the tray (Fig. 1).

Movement is carried out in preparation for battle with specific steps (forward, backward, left, right) and leaps (forward, backward). Basically the same as when moving in readiness for battle with a machine gun.

Blows and pokes with a small shovel are applied to the head, neck, collarbones, arms and other vulnerable parts of the body.

To strike from the right, you must perform a short swing to the right and upward and, with a step or lunge, strike with the edge of the shovel (Fig. 1 a).

For a backhand strike perform a short swing to the left with your shoulder and, with a step or lunge, strike with the edge of the shovel from left to right.

To hit from above perform a short swing up over your head and, with a step or lunge, strike with the edge of the shovel from top to bottom with your right leg.

To perform a poke from the ready-to-fight position with a step or lunge with the right foot, quickly straightening the right arm, strike with the tip of the shovel.

Chops a small shovel is used in cases where the enemy makes a thrust with a bayonet, and taps are used to move the weapon to the side when the enemy tries to shoot at point-blank range. Following a parry or retraction, the opponent’s weapon can be grabbed with the left hand, brought closer and struck on the head, neck, arms or torso. The technique used for the reps is the same, only the taps are performed with pressure.

A rebound (retraction) to the right is performed with a quick and short movement. It is necessary to repel the enemy’s weapon with the edge or handle of a shovel to the right and strike back (Fig. 2).

To parry (retract) to the left, with a quick and short movement, use the edge or handle of a shovel to repel the enemy’s weapon to the left and, grabbing it with your left hand, strike back (Fig. 2b).

Hitting down to the right is performed with a quick semi-sharp movement down to the right. It is necessary to beat off the enemy’s weapon with the edge or handle of a shovel and strike back (Fig. 2c).

To throw a small shovel, the preparation for battle is taken on the left side, the shovel is held by the end of the handle, with the right hand with the tray up. The thumb is placed on top and the rest are grasped from below (Fig. 3).

Right hand - in front of the chest. To swing, you need to take a step with your left hand forward and move your arm up and back over your shoulder, with your left arm freely bent at the elbow joint. Push with your right foot and turn your body to the left, with a quick movement of your arm, send the shovel to the target, releasing it at the moment of full straightening of your arm.

Side Impact Protection

It is necessary to substitute a block against a kick in the first and second variants at the beginning of the blow (when the blow does not have such force due to lack of speed) or at the end of the blow, i.e. return of the opponent's leg, while the body must be moved away from the blow.

In the second option, after defense (at the beginning of the blow), moving the body forward, strike with the right hand and sweep quickly and simultaneously.

Protection from a stabbing knife in the stomach

Two palm protection can be used if you have good physical characteristics. This allows you to quickly grab the enemy’s hand; do not forget that the stomach must be moved back, this eliminates being wounded in the stomach. A kick (after moving your armed hand to the left) can be delivered to the knee, groin, chest, head, it all depends on the speed of the action you practiced.

Options for being hit with a knife from above

First: Defend yourself with your left forearm from a knife strike from above, strike with your right hand in the face and grab the enemy’s arm in the elbow area, pressing down on the forearm with your left hand and lifting it up with your right hand, perform a painful hold on the elbow joint and disarm.

Second: After protecting with your left forearm, apply right punch in the groin and with the foot suspended on the ground, with your right hand grab the armed arm above the left forearm and pull it to the right towards you, twisting it inward, press the forearm on the elbow joint and disarm it. Each element must be practiced until it becomes automatic.

Disarming from a backhand knife strike (from above).

This technique is used against a backhand knife strike to the neck or collarbone. The main attention should be paid to practicing a hard block, a hand grab and a strong blow to the opponent’s knee, stand on your foot, this eliminates the possibility of resistance, or performing a painful hold on the hand or elbow joint.

Another option is possible: after defending, hit the enemy with your right leg, grab him by the elbow with your left hand and twist his arm downwards to disarm him with a painful hold, the weight of the body is directed in the direction of twisting.

Protection from a backhand knife strike.

Pay special attention to the block (you can block with both hands), as well as a simultaneous hand strike and sweep under the knee bend.

The movement of the arm to the left and the leg to the right should be quick and unexpected for the enemy.

Disarming from a knife strike from below.

In this technique, it would be more rational to protect yourself with your forearm and, moving it to the side, strike the face with your right hand, then kick it in the chest, while not forgetting that the enemy’s hand must be protected with your right hand and disarmed with a painful hold or a blow to the hand. You can defend yourself with two palms, as shown in the figure, but it depends on the distance and your physical capabilities.

Protection from a knife to the head.

The block must be placed on the swing and quickly grab the armed hand, strike with lightning speed with the elbow in the face and switch to a painful hold, press down with your left hand, and up with your right hand and disarm with a painful hold.

Disarming from a blow from the side.

This technique can be performed in two steps: first, dodge the blow, second, grab the weapon with both hands and pull it out by kicking the enemy’s knee joint.

Freeing yourself from being grabbed by the hair from behind.

To avoid severe pain, you need to put strong pressure on the opponent’s hand, and at the same time deliver a strong kick to the groin or a heel to the shin. Grab the opponent's elbow and dive back, perform a painful hold. Do not exclude the possibility of the opponent freeing himself from the painful hold by somersaulting forward, so you need to move your body to the left. Place your leg forward and press harder on your hand or shoulder. To carry out escorting, you need to move his hand behind his back, pressing on the elbow bend, and grab his right shoulder with your right hand.

Rear choke.

The technique can be carried out in the other direction, the main attention should be paid to a silent approach to the enemy, quickly grabbing him by the hair, a pre-emptive strike to the neck and under the knee of the enemy, strangulation with two hands.

Release from front grip.

Release from the grip can be performed with a painful hold on the hand or elbow joint, or with strikes with the hand or foot. When someone tries to grab you, you must use your hands.

Defense against a knife strike in the stomach using a rear step.

Pay special attention to beating and grabbing the armed hand after a pre-emptive strike; do not let go of the captured hand during the throw; disarm it with a painful hold on the elbow joint.

Tactics is the art of combat, in which the theory and practice of combat, physical and psychological preparation are presented in unity. All these factors manifest themselves directly in the combat operations of paratroopers. Especially in carrying out combat missions on enemy territory. Tactical literacy is necessary for the rational use in battle of all knowledge, skills and abilities of conducting hand-to-hand combat at all distances - close, medium and long, taking into account the combat readiness of the enemy. Paratroopers need to remember that when entering hand-to-hand combat (regardless of the number of the enemy, and this is likely when capturing objects, i.e. command posts, nuclear installations), they need to quickly assess the situation and develop a further plan of action: combat depending on the distance, maneuver , the sequence of actions in the phases of hand-to-hand combat (close, medium and long), as well as the use of weapons and the point of destruction of the enemy. Technical actions must always be subordinate to the task and purpose of combat. All technical techniques in hand-to-hand combat come from your practicing them at long, medium and close distances, but from how prepared you are and how to apply these techniques, i.e. (worked to perfection) in a directed technical change (action) depends on your fulfillment of a specific combat mission.

In training battles, you will gain psychological strength, self-confidence, and the ability to act boldly, decisively, and initiative. Therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to hand-to-hand combat and bring their execution to automaticity.

Training fights are carried out with the aim of improving the learned techniques in an environment close to combat. Initially, they are carried out according to conditioned techniques, when the partners know what techniques they must perform in a training fight. Then, after mastering and improving technical and tactical skills, including moral and volitional qualities, as well as rules for preventing injury, unconditional fights are carried out. In such fights, partners must act within the permitted limits, using or indicating techniques and actions (punches and kicks, painful holds and strangulations).

Hand-to-hand combat requires high self-discipline from partners and control from the leader. Emotions should not be allowed to control the actions of partners.

Spontaneous, uncontrolled martial arts lead to injuries, disruption of techniques and do not contribute to the improvement of hand-to-hand combat skills. Therefore, the leader of the lesson must maintain high military discipline and organization in the lessons, and ensure strict implementation of your orders.

BATTLE: 1 VS 2

1 lap.

a) Defend from two opponents, from the first on the right with a side blow to the chest, block the left one with your forearm

b) grab him by lifting his leg up, hit him in the groin with your left hand

c) after striking with both hands, raise your leg up and throw the opponent, finishing him off with a kick in the groin.

2nd circle

a) The opponent stabs the throat with a knife, defend with the right forearm and grab his hand.

b) with your right foot, strike the head with your heel...

Turn to the left and protect yourself with your forearms from a backhand knife strike...

Strike the throat and hook the opponent under the knee; perform a painful hold on the hand.

3 circle

a) The opponent runs up from behind and punches him in the back. Falling forward, perform a somersault or forward belay.

b) the opponent attacks with a kick to the head, throw your legs back and protect yourself from the blow.

c) the opponent swings his hand to strike, perform a two-foot strike to the attacker’s chest and stand up.

a) The opponent grabbed his leg. Throw a side kick with your left leg.

b) pushing forward with your supporting leg with your right hand, deliver a strong blow to the opponent’s chest or groin, freeing yourself from the grip of the leg.

a) From a lying position, protect yourself with the forearms of both hands from a kick to the head

b) lifting your body up with your right foot, deliver a side kick to the opponent’s chest (head)

4 circle

a) Protect yourself with your left forearm from a direct kick

b) deliver a direct punch to the chest

c) grab your head and turn it left side until the enemy completely falls.

a) The opponent delivers a cutting blow to the face, substitute a block with his left hand, and strike him in the stomach with his right foot.

b) then knee into the elbow bend

c) and bringing the body back, deliver a side blow to the opponent’s chest.

Hand-to-hand army battle- this is nothing more than a universal system of skills for applying attack and defense techniques in practice, incorporating all the best from the arsenal of the most famous martial arts in the world. Thanks to his entertainment, he managed to win a huge number of fans not only in our country, but also abroad.

Origin

It is believed that hand-to-hand army combat appeared in the Soviet Union in 1979, when sports base, assigned to the 7th Guards Airborne Division, located in Kaunas, Lithuania, hosted the first championship with the participation of airborne troops. This was the product of many years of cooperation between specialists in the field of sports and physical training of both airborne and other branches of the military.

A huge amount of work was done in this direction: from among the conscripts, discharge athletes and prize-winners of competitions in sambo, judo, wrestling, boxing, etc. were carefully selected. In the end, the joint efforts of fighters and commanders gave an excellent result - the birth of new system, which is now commonly known as military hand-to-hand combat.

Techniques borrowed from various techniques, represent a harmonious combination of wrestling skills with arms and head. By the way, in the 1970s they already began to conduct similar training for conscript soldiers called up for army service in the Airborne Forces, but it did not go beyond the scope of special physical training. Moreover, any use of hand-to-hand combat techniques for non-official purposes was unlawful and entailed, at best, disciplinary, and at worst, criminal liability. The servicemen were constantly reminded of this by posters posted in airborne units. At that time, hand-to-hand army combat could only be used during special operations.

Coming out of the shadows

As mentioned above, in the USSR until the end of the 80s of the last century there was a ban on the teaching and use of karate and other martial arts. After its removal, there was a rapid commercialization of this sports field. In this regard, numerous schools, clubs, and sections began to appear one after another, where martial arts of an eastern orientation were taught mainly.

Until 1994, hand-to-hand combat skills were considered one of the types of military applied sports. It was cultivated exclusively in military units. Gradually, the widest range of technical techniques and application capabilities, as well as highest qualifications coaching staff and a fairly tight schedule of competitions began to arouse increased interest both from athletes who possess the skills various types martial arts, and the younger generation.

Given this interest of a huge number of people, it became possible already in 1995 to create a Russian public organization called the Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Combat (FABR), which is officially registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Thus, she received permission to develop this type of martial arts, as well as the right to use its techniques for the purpose of self-defense and training of people not associated with military service.

Further development

The extreme entertainment of the fights, the universal training of fighters, the reliability of protective equipment, as well as clear refereeing have greatly contributed to its popularity among military personnel. Thanks to this, it became possible in 1991 in Leningrad to hold the first army championship in hand-to-hand combat, which determined the path for its further development.

Initially, its educational and methodological base was determined to be the Military Institute physical culture. A new department of hand-to-hand combat was opened here, where classes were held to train future specialists in sports and physical training for the army Russian Federation, and for different power structures. The Institute trains instructors, judges and coaches, and is also engaged in the formation and development of various teaching aids and textbooks on hand-to-hand combat.

Protective equipment: helmet

As you know, this sport is one of the toughest and most effective categories of martial arts. That is why competitions in army hand-to-hand combat require certain protective equipment that every athlete participating in the tournament must be equipped with.

First of all, the performing fighter must have well-trained neck muscles, since during fights his head is dressed in a special helmet, which has certain requirements. One of the main conditions is that the protective grille must not lie against or otherwise come into contact with the athlete’s face. The fact is that several cases were recorded when, during an accentuated blow directly on the helmet, it literally cut the fighter’s skin, causing profuse bleeding, which could only be stopped with urgent surgical intervention.

When analyzing such incidents, they usually came to the same conclusion: the protective grilles were made without observing any safety requirements and, moreover, in a makeshift manner. To prevent such injuries, the grille bars must be fastened together exclusively using argon welding.

The next requirement is that each athlete must have an individual helmet for military hand-to-hand combat. This means that it is adjusted to the structure of the fighter’s head in order to avoid the so-called dangling effect at the moment of impact. To do this, special foam pads are installed inside the helmet.

Other equipment

Considering the harshness of the fights, not only the athlete’s head, but also some other parts of the body also need protection. To prevent serious injuries legs, use special pads for the shins and knees, and wrestling feet - for raising the feet and heels. Protection is also used for elbows and forearms.

The hands must be bandaged with boxing bandages, since the gloves themselves cannot guarantee the safety of the hand bones in contact with a metal helmet. In addition, the fighter's equipment includes a protective vest, called a protector, and a groin shell. All of the above uniforms, except for the metal helmet and gloves, are worn under the kimono.

Basic rules of army hand-to-hand combat

● All fighters are necessarily divided into under 18 years of age, and then - depending on the Regulations on the competition. There is also a division according to weight categories: athletes up to 60 kg and over 90 kg in increments of 5 kg. But it happens that at local tournaments for adults, only two are agreed upon in advance - up to and over 75 kg.

● Fights between athletes are held on a tatami (square carpet) measuring at least 14x14 m. In this case, the fight itself takes place inside the above designated space. Its size is either 8x8 or 10x10 m, and the remaining outer zone, at least 3 m wide, ensures the safety of the fighters.

● The fight takes place in one round and lasts differently: for boys and young men - 2 minutes each. pure time, and for men - 3 minutes. As for girls, as well as girls and women, the duration of matches can be reduced based on the results of the pre-tournament meeting and by mutual agreement of representatives of their teams.

● Each athlete is assigned a second who is responsible for his equipment during the fights. For example, his responsibilities include securing special protective pads and a protector, as well as belting a kimono, bandaging a helmet, and similar actions that the fighter himself is not able to perform in the time allotted for this purpose. When a fight takes place, the second sits on a chair located behind the competitor’s place. However, he cannot communicate with the fighter, giving him advice or any commands. For such a violation, the athlete is first given a reprimand, and for repeated failure to comply with this requirement - a warning.

Start of the battle

Athletes are required to appear on the tatami within 1 minute from the moment their names were announced. Immediately before the start of the fight, the correct equipment of the competitors is checked, for which they stand on the edge of the mat for inspection by the judge. He is obliged to carefully check the presence of all necessary protective equipment on each of the athletes: the presence of protectors, helmets, gloves, shells, as well as shin and foot pads.

After the inspection is completed, the opponents go outside the tatami, where they await the command “Fighters to the middle.” When it has sounded, the athletes go to the center and stand in specially designated places, after which they bow to the spectators, the judge and their opponent. And finally, after the appropriate command, the fight itself begins.

Fight Evaluation: Tournament

Military hand-to-hand combat, however, like other sports, has its own criteria by which the result of fights is determined. The following technical actions are counted: attacks with legs and arms, painful holds and throws. Only wrestling on the ground and head strikes are not taken into account.

Marks for technical actions performed:

● 1 point - punches to the body and kicks to the leg, as well as a fall, i.e. a throw made without lifting the opponent’s body from the mat;

● 2 points - kicks to the body and a hand to the head, a throw with a complete separation of the opponent’s body from the tatami;

● 3 points - kicks to the head, knockdown and fast amplitude throw;

● a clear victory is a knockout or 2 knockdowns, a successful painful hold, disqualification, failure to appear or refusal of the opponent.

Victory in a duel

It may be awarded:

● for a clear advantage, i.e. when one of the athletes stops resisting or turns his back to his opponent;

● by points, according to the decision of the side judges;

● due to the disagreement of one of the opponents to continue the fight - the reason for such behavior may be fatigue, injury, etc.;

● submission of an opponent against whom a painful hold was applied;

● failure of one of the athletes to attend the match;

● if two knockdowns of one of the opponents occur during the fight (the fight is stopped in order to avoid unwanted injuries);

● knockout;

● when one of the athletes is disqualified. Its reason may be receiving three warnings, and in special cases - inflicting prohibited blows on your opponent, after which he is physically unable to continue the fight.

Prohibited tricks

Hand-to-hand military combat has restrictions on the use of certain strikes and other technical actions, such as:

● chokeholds and painful holds on the neck, hand and spine;

● stomping punches and jumping kicks at a fallen opponent;

● painful holds performed in a standing position;

● blows to the neck and groin, to the joints of the arms and legs, the spine and the back of the head, as well as inner side hips;

● a grip made by the helmet or its grille.

Sections for the younger generation

As for adult athletes, army hand-to-hand combat for children is taught by experienced professional trainers not only in Moscow, but also in many large cities of Russia. The sections provide classes in self-defense and personal safety, with special attention paid to psychological preparation. In addition, children are taught basic methods of both defense and attack, which include wrestling techniques, kicks and punches, and submission techniques.

Reading this article, some may be indignant: why teach children such a tough type of martial arts as military hand-to-hand combat? The section in which the child will study will help him find true friends, gain self-confidence, not be afraid of conflicts with bullies, and act effectively, winning in almost any extreme situation.

Degree of popularity

Now in the country more than 500 thousand citizens actively practice army hand-to-hand combat. Russia ranks first in the number of prize-winners in this sport. Due to the fact that FABR is officially registered with the Ministry of Justice, it has received the legal right to independent development, as well as the spread of this type of martial arts in the regions of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is successfully developing both in various sports societies and in law enforcement agencies.

This type of combat is usually used in situations where the use firearms limited for some reasons. Often this poses a threat to the life of one of the parties or there is a high probability of capture. Often during the battle, improvised means can be used in the form of a knife, sapper shovel, or stick. Hand-to-hand combat without any weapons is much less common.

Video: Special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Often, hand-to-hand combat skills are necessary only for fighters from law enforcement agencies and departments, but sometimes hand-to-hand combat is also possible on ordinary city streets, when a conflict from an ordinary brawl under the influence of one of the parties losing a state of mental balance can become deadly. Hand-to-hand combat is also often used during special operations that require stealth and silence.

Battle tactics - three phases

1. Initial phase of the battle - rapprochement. Usually characterized by shooting offhand or throwing various types of weapons. Further strikes may follow either with or without the use of weapons. At this stage, it is possible that one of the opponents will be able to win by knocking out the opponent with an accurate blow.
2. If the battle could not be completed, then the second phase begins - knocking down or knocking down. The purpose of this action is to prevent further actions of the enemy and take a more advantageous position.
3. After the enemy is knocked down, the third phase begins - finishing off. In street conditions this is usually kicking. For power structures, this phase usually involves either fixing the opponent or using painful techniques.

When acting against a group of opponents, it is possible, instead of the second stage, to use one of the attackers as a shield, or, by throwing it at the feet of the attackers, impede their advancement.

Basic principles of combat

• Avoid being in the enemy's line of attack. After all, you can be knocked down simply by the inertia of the enemy’s movement, even if you managed to dodge his blow.
• Try to strike from any position. However, it is not always important heavy blows. Many light blows can hamper the enemy's actions if they are delivered unexpectedly.
• Try to find a comfortable position and avoid restricting your mobility by crossing your arms or legs.
• If possible, disrupt your opponent's balance, this will make it difficult for him to deliver stronger blows.
• Be relaxed and focused - this will give speed to your movements.
• Improvise according to the situation.
• Take advantage of the features of the area around you.
• Try to keep fight time to a minimum and save energy by avoiding unnecessary movements and jumps.
• Get closer periodically. This will allow you to determine the enemy's next actions and will not give him the opportunity to deliver an unexpected strong blow.

When working with a group of opponents, the following is relevant:

• avoid retreat;
• use one of the opponents as a human shield, while applying painful techniques to him to control movement;
• use the enemy as a restriction for the movement of others;
• don't forget about the others;
• use available means if there are several opponents;
• are on the move;
• Don’t waste your attention on recounting your opponents;
• When you fall, try to defend yourself and strike from below. Use your opponent as a counterweight to get up.

Army hand-to-hand combat

Military hand-to-hand combat is a universal system for teaching defense and attack techniques. This system combines a large number of functional elements from various types of martial arts from around the world. Military hand-to-hand combat began to develop rapidly and gained enormous popularity for its contact fights with minimal injuries to participants.

When was martial art born?

Video: Hand-to-hand combat using the GRU special forces system

As a military applied sport, army hand-to-hand combat was born in 1979, during the first championship Airborne troops. It was from this time that such championships began to be held every year. In addition, army hand-to-hand combat is the basis of the physical training of young fighters and has been successfully introduced into their training program.

This type of martial arts has become quite popular view sports among military personnel, since the athletes were well trained and mastered the techniques of movements of various martial arts, such as boxing, judo, sambo, wrestling, etc.

First championship

Video: Russian hand-to-hand combat of Special Forces and Real Aikido

In 1991, the first Armed Forces Championship was held in Leningrad. To popularize this sport even more, the Sports Committee of the Ministry of Defense in 1992 organized the Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Combat within the framework of the Army Association of Contact Martial Arts.

For some time, army hand-to-hand combat was cultivated only in army units and was a military-applied sport. Today, many athletes of various martial arts practice this type of martial arts, and this sport has also aroused great interest among the younger generation.

A distinctive feature from other melee weapons

Basic set of hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-1)

For military personnel of all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the military. Includes techniques provided by the RB-N complex and additionally the following techniques: blow with a butt from below, blow with the butt plate of a butt, piercing and cutting blows with a knife, protection with a machine gun stand, hand strikes (straight, from the side, from above, from below), kicks (straight, to the side , from the side, back, from above), protection with the support of the hands, protection by beating with the forearms (edge ​​of the palm), protection with the support of the foot (heel, thigh), disarming the enemy when striking with a knife directly, from above, from below, release from the neck grab from the front and back, strangulation from behind , combinations of techniques and actions.

Special complex hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-2)

For personnel of airborne troops, motorized rifle units and units, units and units Marine Corps, personnel of anti-sabotage formations, reconnaissance units and units, cadets of military schools and academies. Includes the techniques provided by the RB-1 complex and additionally the following techniques: blows with an infantry shovel, defense by beating with an infantry shovel, defense against a kick by moving to the side, disarming the enemy when hit with an infantry shovel from above or directly, backhand or poke.

Special set of hand-to-hand combat techniques (RB-3)

In NFP-87 and in the draft of the new NFP for personnel of reconnaissance units and units, cadets of military schools training officers for these units and units. Includes techniques provided by the RB-2 complex and additionally: painful holds, throws, disarming techniques, releases from various enemy holds, special techniques and actions.

Unfortunately, such special actions as searching and tying up the enemy are not included in the training program for military personnel of electronic warfare units, although these actions can be taught in one training session. Considering the importance of tying and searching in hand-to-hand combat, the manual reveals in detail the technique for performing them.

Chapter II

TECHNIQUES FOR PERFORMING HAND-HAND COMBAT TECHNIQUES AND METHODS FOR TEACHING THEM

Preparatory techniques and teaching methods

Preparatory techniques are certain actions that ensure high-quality training of military personnel for hand-to-hand combat. They include preparations for combat, movement, and self-insurance techniques.

Preparing for battle

Ready for battle is the most convenient position for conducting hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. It can be taken without weapons or with weapons.

To prepare for combat without weapons(Fig. 1) place your left leg one step forward and slightly bend both legs at the knees. Distribute your body weight evenly on two legs, tilt your torso slightly forward, bend your arms halfway elbow joints, clench your fingers into a fist, tilt your head slightly forward. The right-hand preparation for battle is adopted similarly.

Rice. 1

To prepare for combat with weapons(Fig. 2) the position of the head, torso and legs is taken as preparation for combat without weapons. In this case, send the machine gun forward with the barrel and grab it with your left hand by the fore-end, and with your right hand by the neck of the butt. Keep the tip of the bayonet at the height of the neck, hand right hand in front of the belt buckle.

To prepare for battle with an infantry shovel Bring your half-bent right hand with the shovel to the level of your left shoulder. Hold the shovel by the end of the handle with the tray facing up.

To prepare for a fight with a knife, take the knife in your right hand with the tip down, for a blow from above - the hand at chest height, for a blow from below - with the tip up, for a thrusting blow - with the tip forward, the hand at waist height, legs in a right-handed stance.

Rice. 2

Movement

Skillful execution of movements in hand-to-hand combat plays an important role in the timely adoption of the necessary combat position, starting position for attack or defense. Movements are performed by walking, jumping and running.

Step forward from ready to fight is performed in front standing foot, the other leg is substituted at a distance that allows you to maintain a stable body position.

Step back performed with a standing leg from behind, from the toe to the entire foot.

Leap in progress from the front (right, left) or side (forward, backward) stance due to a sharp push off the ground with the far leg relative to the direction of the jump. Landing is carried out on the opposite leg, or on both legs. It is possible to jump backward with an almost simultaneous push with both legs and landing on both feet.

Jumping is the most effective way approaching the enemy or quickly retreating from him.

Self-insurance techniques

Falling and tuck techniques that provide warning against bruises on the ground after throws, collisions, and painful holds in single combat with an opponent are called self-insurance techniques.

Grouping(Fig. 3) one of the main preparatory elements of self-insurance. Sit on the ground (carpet) and clasp your shins with both hands, spread your knees slightly, place your heels together, bend your body, lower your head, pressing your chin to your chest. Pulling your shins with your hands, bring your torso closer to your hips.

Fig.4

Fig.5

Falling forward(Fig. 6) From the front stand, fall forward onto your springy (due to the inferior work of the muscles) arms, slightly bent and elbows spread to the side.

Rice. 7

Falling backwards(Fig. 8) From the front stance, squatting and falling back, roll onto your back, softening your fall with a simultaneous pre-emptive blow to the ground with straight arms spread at an angle of 45 0.

Rice. 8

Fall to one side (Fig. 9) From the front stance, squatting and simultaneously twisting the body to the right (left), lower yourself to the ground with your right (left) buttock and roll in a tuck onto your right (left) side, having previously made a preemptive move with your straightened right (left) arm, and then with the right (left) thigh. Final position – lying on the right side; the right leg is bent at the knee and hip joint, the left leg stands in front of her with the entire foot, the lower leg is vertical; right hand on the ground, palm down, 15-25 cm from the knee; the left hand is raised up, the head is pressed to it.

Fig.10

Injections and blows with a machine gun

A thrust is one of the main methods of defeating an enemy in hand-to-hand combat. It is applied to parts of the body unprotected by equipment (neck, chest, stomach, back, side) quickly, deftly, forcefully and along the entire length of the bayonet.

Injections with a bayonet (poke with a barrel) without lunging(Fig. 11) - point the machine gun with both hands with the bayonet (barrel) at the target, pull out the bayonet and take the ready position for battle.

Fig.14

Butt strike from the side(Fig. 15) – applied with a sharp angle of the butt to the jaw, temple, back of the head or side of the enemy. Moving the weapon with your right hand to the left, and with your left hand towards you, while simultaneously turning your torso to the left, strike with the corner of the butt. At the moment of impact, the right leg can be placed slightly ahead of the left.

Rice. 16

Fig.18

Table 5.

Unarmed assault techniques include: punches, kicks, chokes, submission holds and throws.

Straight punches(Fig. 19) are applied with a fist or the heel of the palm; from the ready-to-fight position, push the leg to transfer the weight of the body to the front leg and, with a turn of the body, strike.

Hand strikes from the side, from below, from above(Fig. 20) are applied with a fist (the base of the fingers and the muscle part), the edge of the palm and the elbow.

Fig.19

Rice. 20

Basic striking parts of the hands

Kicks applied with the toe, instep, knee, foot, heel to the shin, knee joint, groin, liver area, head of the bent opponent. A lying opponent is struck in the head, base of the skull, lower back, tailbone, liver, solar plexus, heart, groin.

Kick straight(Fig. 21) is the main kick performed. It is applied from a left- or right-sided stance (less often a frontal one) by straightening the leg or swinging movement. Raising the thigh of the right leg forward upward (the foot is raised up with the heel towards the buttock), with a sharp movement, straighten the leg at the knee joint and strike the target with the toe (instep).

Rice. 21

Side kick(Fig. 22) is applied from a medium and long distance with the foot, the outer edge of the foot and the heel to the shin, knee joint, stomach and lower back. The most effective blow to the knee joint is with the foot from the side.

Rice. 22

Hitting with the foot or heel from above(Fig. 23) are applied to the upper arch of the foot, to the shin - when the opponent grabs the torso from behind, to a lying opponent (after a throw) - from a short swing with sharp blows to the painful points.

Rice. 23

Knee strike from below applied when releasing grips from the front of the body. Without swinging, strike a bent opponent in the groin or face.

Back kick(Fig. 24) is applied with the foot, usually to the stomach of the attacking enemy. From a fighting left-sided stance, bend slightly forward, pull your right thigh to your chest and look back over your right shoulder, straighten your leg at the knee joint and hip joint with a sharp movement, and strike the opponent’s stomach with your foot.

Rice. 25

Fig.26

Hitting up with a machine gun(Fig. 27) is carried out with a sharp movement of both hands forward and upward without changing the grip of the machine gun with the left hand. At the moment of impact, the arms are tense, slightly bent, and the machine gun is turned with the magazine up.

Hitting the machine gun down to the right(Fig. 27) is performed by thrusting a weapon into the lower part of the body. Moving your left hand down to the right, and your right hand to the right, up, hit the weapon down to the right with the end of the barrel. At the moment of impact, the left arm is slightly bent, the machine gun is pointed to the right, the bayonet is at the height of the right knee, the right elbow is raised.

Rice. 33

Protection from a punch from below(Fig. 34) First method: performed with a stand (block) of the forearm of the left hand, followed by counter-strikes with the right hand to the head, the right knee to the groin or the rib of the foot to the shin (knee).

Rice. 34

Kick protection

Protection from underhand kicks(Fig. 35) is performed by placing the foot (hip) under the blow, after which a counter blow is delivered with the hand to the opponent’s head or torso.

Protection from kicks with a hand rest(Fig. 36) - meet the opponent’s leg with the forearms of straight crossed arms (when striking with the right leg, the right hand is on top), grab it by the heel with the right hand, bringing the foot into the elbow bend of the left hand, throw the opponent to the ground with a jerk upward, strike with the foot , step on the other foot and twist the trapped leg.

Fig.37

Defense against a kick by moving to the side(Fig. 38) when hitting the enemy with the right foot, step forward with the left to the left, turn to the right and grab the leg from below with your left hand. Raising it up, knock the opponent to the ground and kick.

Fig.39

Fig.40

Training in unarmed defense techniques

Training in defense against punches and kicks is carried out using a group two-way method. Division in two-rank formation, one rank acts as the attacking enemy, the other rank acts as the defender.

After familiarization, the technique is learned in divisions: “For battle - PREPARE”, “On the count of “one”, the first numbers indicate a strike with the right foot in the lower abdomen, the second numbers, step with the left foot to the left forward, turn to the right and grab the leg from below with your left hand, do - ONCE " The leader must point out individual details, correct mistakes and give the command: “On the count of two, lift your leg up and knock the opponent to the ground, do TWO,” “On the count of three, mark a kick to the opponent, do THREE.”

In the process of mastering the technique, the technique of its implementation is no longer explained, but the command is given: “For battle - PREPARE, the first numbers perform defense against a kick by moving to the side, the second numbers - kick - KICK!”

As you master the technique of the technique, it is necessary to combine its implementation with other already mastered attacking or defensive actions and carry them out in the form of conditioned fights, while all actions of the partner must only be indicated, which is an indispensable condition that excludes traumatic injuries from those involved.

Techniques for disarming the enemy and teaching methods for them

In hand-to-hand combat, a situation may arise when an unarmed person has to act against an armed enemy.

Based on the position of the weapon and the nature of the enemy’s actions, one can determine his intentions and carry out a timely disarmament technique. As a rule, success will depend on an appropriate distance from the enemy, timely departure from the line of attack (if necessary), immediate subsequent strikes with a hand or foot, and the obligatory deprivation of his contact with the weapon. When disarming the enemy, it is necessary to use the inertia of his body’s movement to your advantage, correctly applying painful effects to the joints of the arms and legs.

Disarming techniques are divided into the following groups: techniques for disarming the enemy when stabbed with a bayonet, techniques for disarming the enemy when hit with an infantry shovel, techniques for disarming the enemy when stabbed with a knife, or threatened with a pistol.

Fig.41

Disarming the enemy when thrusting with a bayonet and moving to the right(Fig.42) – lunge with your right foot to the side, simultaneously turning your body to the left. Repel (retract) the barrel of the enemy's machine gun with the forearm of your left hand and grab it. Shift your body weight to your left leg, grab the weapon with your other hand and, at the same time as jerking the machine gun towards you, strike yourself with your foot in the side of your knee. Knock the enemy to the ground, strike him in the head with the butt plate of the butt, or point the barrel of the weapon at him.

Fig.43

Disarming the enemy when hit with an infantry shovel backhand or poke(Fig. 44) with a step forward to the side and turning towards the enemy, use your forearms to beat off the enemy’s armed hand on the backswing and grab it, strike with your foot, grab the handle of the shovel, disarm the enemy by twisting the shovel to the side thumb and hit your opponent in the head with a shovel.

All infantry shovel strikes have a greater or lesser swing. Therefore, to protect against such attacks, it is necessary to perform a leap towards the enemy in order to stop the blow at the very beginning of its trajectory. Or try to avoid defeat by moving quickly to the side from the line of attack.

Fig.44

Fig.45

Disarming an enemy when striking with a knife from below or directly(Fig. 46) with a short step or leap forward to the left, leave the line of attack, block the enemy’s armed hand with the forearm of the left hand and grab his wrist. Immediately strike with your hand pain point, move your armed hand away to your right and hit the back of the opponent’s hand with the base of your right palm to knock out the knife. Next, knock the enemy to the ground and tie him up.

Fig.46

Binding

Tying is used to limit the resistance of a captured enemy, for his escort and transportation. Tying is carried out, as a rule, after painful holds and throws. To do this, you need to knock the enemy face down to the ground. Kneel down and, tightly blocking the captured hand with your right thigh, sit astride your opponent. By applying painful pressure to the forearm of the captured hand, force the opponent to place the other hand behind his back. Blocking it with your left thigh, tie your hands.

Hands behind the head, hands crossed, the free end of the loop is tied to the waist belt.

Fig.48

For tying with rope(Fig. 49) a double tightening loop is used.

Linking options(Fig. 50)

Hands behind your back, hands crossed, rope passes through the neck or chest;

Hands behind your back, one on top, the other below;

Arms crossed on chest, hands behind back.

Fig.50

Binding with a trouser belt or rope for a fixed position. Knock your opponent face down on the ground. Bend your legs and cross them, put your hands behind your back and tie your right hand to your left leg, left hand with the right leg.

To hinder the enemy's mobility, improvised means, for example, a stick, can be used. In this case, it is necessary to insert a stick into the sleeves of the jacket behind the prisoner’s back and tie the wrists of the hands to it, or tie the enemy’s hands in front and insert the stick into the elbow and popliteal folds of the arms and legs tied in front.

Basic hand-to-hand combat techniques

You can independently master some hand-to-hand combat techniques that are intended for self-defense. The set of exercises consists of two parts, each designed for eight counts. Each part can be done separately.

Part one

1. Take a step back with your right foot, take a fighting stance and perform a defensive block with your left hand.

2. Take a step forward with your right foot and strike straight with your right hand.

3. Perform a side kick with your left foot and take a frontal stance.

4. Turning to the right, step with your left foot to make a stand with your left hand.

➣ It is better to conduct classes outdoors or in a ventilated room. If you feel physically tired, it is best to postpone training. You should approach training with caution even after an illness.

5. Stepping forward with your right foot, strike with the edge of your right palm to the neck or collarbone of an imaginary opponent.

6. Lean forward sharply and strike the attacking enemy with the foot of your left foot.

7. Lunge with your right foot to the side and strike with the edge of your right hand backhand.

8. Turning to the left, perform a lower external strike, hitting the enemy with your foot, strike with your right foot in the groin area, take a combat and then a combat stance.

Hand-to-hand combat techniques. Part one

Part two

Starting position: initial stance.

1. Turning to the right, step with your left foot to perform an inside block with your left hand.

2. Step forward with your right foot and strike the side of the opponent’s head with your right elbow.

3. Turn sharply to the left and strike the opponent’s solar plexus with the back of your fist.

4. Continuing to turn to the left, strike with the knee of the right leg in the face of the opponent, who is leaning forward, and take a frontal stance while turning to the left.

5. With a step of the left foot, strike the opponent’s body with the left hand.

6. With a step of the right foot, strike the opponent’s head or body with the muscle part of the fist from above.

7. Turning to the left on your right foot, perform a side kick with your left foot, and then take a frontal stance.

8. Take a combat stance.

First you should learn to perform each exercise separately until it becomes automatic. Then you can assemble them into a sequential complex.