Basic rules of cross-country skiing competitions. Basic rules of cross-country skiing competitions. Use of rights for electronic media

IN In accordance with the rules of skiing competitions, the organization conducting the competition completes the panel of judges. Its quantitative composition depends on the type of skiing, the scale of the competition, the number of participants and the types of programs held simultaneously. The panel of judges submits candidates to the relevant committee for approval for the position of chief judge of the competition and his deputies. All issues related to the competition are resolved by a panel of judges in accordance with the regulations and rules of the competition.

The Credentials Committee announces its decision on the admission of participants to the competition at the first meeting panel of judges. Here the chief judge informs about the opening procedure of the competition and the schedule of starts according to various types programs and distances, which are determined jointly with the head of the distance. When compiling this schedule, it is necessary to take into account the number of prepared routes and the number of declared participants for each distance, the approximate time for completing each of them and the possibility of loading them when moving from route to route in competitions on long distances one at a time

ny circles. For example, when holding two races of 5 km for women and 15 km for men, only two routes can be prepared - 5 and 10 km. First, men are given a start on a 5 km track with 120 participants; their passage of the track will take 60 minutes (pairs start after 1 minute). 10 minutes after the last participant leaves the distance, women start on the same track. Men, having completed 5 km, move on to a 10-kilometer circle, and women, having completed 5 km, come to the finish line. Thus, the men, having completed two laps, finish from a 15-kilometer distance.

With such a schedule of starts and the number of tracks, the competition can be held by one starting and two finishing teams of judges. In a similar way, you can calculate the start time, the number of referee teams and, accordingly, the number of tracks for the entire competition program. In any case, the competition must be completed no later than 1.5-2 hours before dark. This will allow the course director to promptly remove controllers from the tracks, check checklists, and, on the final day of the competition, remove signs, markings, etc.

At the first meeting of the panel of judges, drawing of lots usually for one day of an upcoming competition. It is not advisable to hold it on all days at once, since for various reasons the composition of participants for other distances may change. Additional applications are submitted to the chief judge no later than one hour before the draw. Applications to change applications when a participant withdraws are submitted to the chief judge no later than an hour before the start of a given distance; the newly declared participant starts under the number of the eliminated participant; in relay races, changes in the composition of teams are allowed no later than 30 minutes before the start. The draw is carried out using cards that are filled in advance by the secretariat of the panel of judges for all participants for all distances based on applications. In cross-country skiing, two forms of drawing lots are used - general and group.

The first of these is usually held at small-scale competitions, and the starting order is determined without distinguishing separate groups. The most appropriate is a group draw, in which all participants are distributed into groups, depending on sports qualification(preparedness), according to the results specified in the applications, or according to the principle of equal representation of all teams in each group. The first option is used for personal, the second - for personal team competitions. At major competitions, all participants are divided into four groups; the fourth group is considered the strongest. Within each group, the starting order of the participants is determined by drawing lots, and

The starting order of the groups in advance, before the start of the draw, is established by the chief judge depending on the number of participants and weather conditions. The following group start pattern can be adopted: 1-2-3-4. If necessary (if conditions change), the starting order of groups can be changed, but no later than an hour before the start of the competition for a given distance; The start schedule must be changed so that no skier is given a start earlier than the time appointed at the beginning of the draw.

Based on the results of the draw, the secretariat of the panel of judges draws up starting protocols. The names of the participants, their start number and start time are entered in the protocol in the order determined by the draw. In cross-country skiing, the start is most often given in pairs after 1 minute or one at a time after 30 seconds. The first option is more convenient for judges, as it makes it easier to calculate the results shown - the start time in whole units (min) is subtracted from the finish time. No later than 1 hour before the start of the competition, the starting protocols are posted for public viewing.

The competition usually opens with a parade of participants and the raising of the flag. The program must be carefully designed grand opening In order to create a festive mood among the participants, at the same time, the opening procedure should be short. The first participants must start exactly at the specified time. In this case, participants can start warming up on time and arrive at the start line without delay.

Before the start, the chief judge, timekeeper judges at the start and finish and the informant judge check the chronometer watches and set them for first start always at 0 h 00 min 00 s. This makes calculating the results much easier. In a double start, the first participants start at 0:01:00 a.m., and in a single start, the first participant leaves the start at 0:00:30 a.m. (the so-called judge's countdown).

The informant judge 15 minutes before the start announces the exact judge time and invites the participants to the start place, and the starter’s assistant lines up the first starters 3-5 minutes before and checks their attendance according to the protocol.

At competitions, starting with the regional scale, the skis of each participant are marked, starting from a distance of 5 km for women and 10 km for men. Both skis are marked in the same color for all participants at a given distance and in a certain place convenient for viewing by judges and controllers at the distance. Marking is carried out at the entrance to the starting corridor, after which the participants immediately go to the start. The marking protocol from the start is transferred to the finish to the judge for checking the markings. The judge checking the markings is located behind the finish line and about each

check makes a mark in the protocol, and after the end of the competition transfers the protocol to the chief secretary.

Participants will start at the time specified for them in the protocol. Start given in the following way: during a single start, being on the starting line to the right of the participant, the judge gives the command: “10 seconds left!” 5 seconds before the start, he places his hand on the participant’s shoulder or raises the flag to the level of his chest and begins counting the time: 5-4-3-2-1. When it’s time to start, he gives the command: “March!” - and at the same time removes his hand from his shoulder or raises the flag forward and upward. The starting clock must be installed so that it can be clearly seen by the starting rider.

During a general start, participants line up 3 m behind the start line. At the starter’s command: “Take off your outerwear!”, “To the start!” - participants, having taken off their outerwear, go to the starting line. The command is given: “10 seconds left!”, Then the starter gives the command: “5 seconds left!” - and raises the flag or pistol. During the start, he starts with a shot or the command “March!” and lowers the flag. If the start is taken incorrectly, the starter returns the participants with the command “Back!” or a second shot. At the start of the first stage in relay races, as soon as the starter raises the pistol or flag, each judge in front of the participants puts his hand on the starter’s shoulder and at the moment of the start raises his hand forward and upward. The starter must not allow participants to start who have not marked their skis, or those whose number and costume do not meet the requirements of the competition rules. In the protocol, notes are made about the skiers who started and the participants who did not show up at the start. With the permission of the starter, a late participant can take the start, but no later than the last participant leaving the distance, about which a corresponding note is made in the start protocol. Despite the delay, when counting, the participant’s result is determined from the start time recorded in the protocol. The competitor's actual start time must also be recorded in case the Ground Jury decides that the delay was due to extraordinary circumstances.

At the end of the starts, the assistant starter makes a note in the protocol about the number of participants who have gone the distance and reports this to the senior judge at the finish and to the secretariat.

In competitions with a small number of participants, two judges may receive them at the finish line: a timekeeper, who announces the time the skier crossed the finish line, and a secretary, who records this time and the number of the finisher.

At large-scale competitions, this work is performed by a whole team of judges consisting of 4-6 people. The order of arrival at the finish (numbers of participants) is recorded by two judges, each separately.

The senior judge, at the moment the skier crosses the finish line, signals the flag and gives the command: “Yes!” Based on this signal, the timekeeper calls the finish time, and the secretary records this time in the finish protocol. At major competitions, an automatic electronic system for recording the results of participants with an accuracy of 0.01 s must be organized. The table judges working to calculate the results transfer the finish time to the participant’s card and determine the net completion time. Currently, at major competitions, the results of participants are recorded automatically using an electronic system with an accuracy of 0,01 With.

The informant judge immediately announces the result via radio. The interest of spectators in skiing competitions largely depends on clear, timely and detailed information. Information must be clear, precise and as concise as possible. It is necessary, if possible, to limit the transmission of text and announcements on the radio that are not directly related to the competition. Even well-prepared and conducted competitions can be spoiled by poorly organized information, especially if it is conducted by an unprepared judge, and with poor diction. Significant preliminary work needs to be done to prepare the information. It is necessary to collect information on the history and traditions of the competitions, the winners of past years. All this is reported in radio information for 10-15 minutes before the start. During the start, it is necessary to tell the audience about the participants going to the distance, their best results, ranks and sports titles, victories at major competitions and about the coaches who trained the athletes. If there is a radio or telephone connection with control points, it is necessary to inform spectators, coaches and participants about the time of completion of the distance. When the first participants appear, you should switch to announcing the results, if possible, immediately after they arrive at the finish line. It is advisable to announce the results of all skiers who finished, while at the same time reporting the best five or ten results during the competition from among the participants who completed each distance. After the end of the competition for individual distances or the entire first day, personal (top 10 participants) and team results are announced by radio and posted on the notice board. Competitors should be reminded that all results reported before checklists are verified and approved by the panel of judges are provisional. If no protests are received within an hour or if they are rejected by the panel of judges, the official results can be announced.

After the arrival of the last participant at each distance, senior judges at the finish check the number of athletes who started, finished and retired and report this to the judge. Team representatives do not have the right to leave the competition before their last participant arrives at the finish line, and in the event of someone leaving the track, they must immediately notify the finish line and the secretariat. The head of the course or his deputy must inspect the course for the last participant, remove the controllers, collect control sheets and report to the chief judge about the closure of the course. Having made sure that there is not a single skier left at the distance, the chief judge gives an order to end the competition for this distance. The head of the course, having checked the checklists, submits them to the secretariat of the panel of judges and, in turn, informs the chief judge about the correctness of the athletes’ completion of the distance.

The competition secretariat, in accordance with the scoring system set out in the competition regulations, sums up the final team results, which are then approved at a meeting of the panel of judges. At the end of the competition, team representatives receive a folder with all the results (protocols for distances, team results for competition days, distances and a general summary team protocol). All work materials for the competition are submitted to the organization conducting the competition.

It is better to reward the winners of competitions for individual distances immediately after the end of the race or before the starts at the distance of another day. Summing up the overall results of the competition can be held at the final gala evening, where the chief judge briefly reports on personal and team results. Awards are also presented to the winners here. Participants who fail to appear at the awards ceremony without good reason will lose the right to receive them.

PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1 Cross-country skiing competitions are held in accordance with the rules (ICR) of the International Federation ski types sports (FIS), these rules (hereinafter referred to as RSLG). In this edition of the rules, the numbering of the FIS rules has been retained. Sports situations that are not reflected in this edition of the Rules are interpreted based on the FIS Rules.

1.2 Official cross-country skiing competitions are held in sports disciplines in accordance with the All-Russian Register of Sports and in age categories in accordance with the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification.

1.3 (201.5) Sports competition.
A sports competition is a competition among athletes or teams of athletes in various sports (sports disciplines) in order to identify the best participant in the competition, conducted according to regulations (regulations) approved by its organizer.

1.4 Sports discipline
Sports discipline is a part of a sport that has distinctive features and includes one or more types, programs sports competitions. For example, cross-country skiing is a sport, and sprinting is a sports discipline.

1.4.1 (201.6.1) Cross-country skiing, rollerskiing and mass cross-country skiing are considered Nordic disciplines according to the FIS classification.

1.5 Participation in competitions

1.5.1 Participation in competitions.
To participate in official sports competitions with a status of at least “federal district championship” Russian Federation» Athletes from constituent entities of the Russian Federation are allowed to participate in cross-country skiing. To participate in sports competitions of at least the specified status, athletes are required to have a RUS code (the numeric code under which the athlete is registered in the database).
The procedure for the participation of athletes in sports competitions of a lower status is determined by regional (local) sports Federations accredited for the sport “ski racing”.

1.5.2 Participation in FIS competitions.
Athletes with a FIS code in accordance with clause 200.3 of the ICR are allowed to participate in FIS calendar competitions held on the territory of the Russian Federation.

1.6 When holding official All-Russian sports competitions, the appointment of a Technical Delegate is mandatory.

1.7 Classification of competitions of the Russian Federation

1.7.1 Classification of competitions by status and sporting significance:
International competitions (FIS) held on the territory of the Russian Federation, championships, Cups, championships of the Russian Federation, official all-Russian competitions, championships, championships of federal districts of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the 1st category).
Championship, Cup, championship of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, others official competitions subjects of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as category 2).
Championships, municipal championships, other official competitions of municipalities, physical education competitions sports organizations(hereinafter referred to as category 3).

1.7.2 In accordance with the All-Russian Register of Sports (VRVS), cross-country skiing competitions are divided into: personal, individual-team, and team.

1.7.3 In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and in order to popularize the sport, the All-Russian Sports Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Federation) has the right to conduct:
- mass competitions;
- competitions among certain groups of the population;
- competitions in the framework of preparing young people for service in the armed forces.
The procedure for organizing mass sports competitions cannot contradict these Rules.
The regulations on the relevant competitions are approved by the sports Federation or the organizing committee of the competition.

2.1 (206.1) The Federation, its regional branches or accredited regional ski racing federations have the right to enter into agreements with organizations of any form of ownership for sponsorship and/or provision of goods or equipment if this organization is recognized as an official sponsor or partner.
Advertising using photographs, images or names of athletes during competitions is prohibited.
Advertising of tobacco, alcohol or drugs involving athletes, as well as placement of such advertising on athlete equipment is prohibited.

2.2 Extra-budgetary funds raised for the organization and conduct of competitions are spent by their organizer in accordance with concluded agreements and contracts.

2.3 (206.3) All equipment received from a sponsor and used in competition must comply with the rules on markings and trademarks (paragraph 3 of the PSLG).

2.4 Obscene words and/or symbols on clothing and equipment are prohibited.

2.5 (206.5) Athletes may not remove one or both skis before crossing the red line in the finish area designated by the organizer.

2.6 (206.6) At all cross-country skiing competitions, at official ceremonies with raising flags and singing anthems, athletes are not allowed to take sports equipment (skis, poles, ski boots, helmet, glasses). After the final completion of the ceremony (presentation of prizes and medals, performance of anthems), athletes are allowed to hold the equipment in their hands on the pedestal for photographing.

2.7 (206.7) Presentation of winners/equipment on the podium

At all cross-country skiing competitions, during the informal presentation of the winners (flower ceremony), athletes may take the podium the following items inventory:
- Skis.
- Shoes: During the medal ceremony on the podium, athletes may wear their own sports shoes. Other ways of wearing shoes are not permitted (for example, around the neck). During the award ceremony, you cannot bring other shoes onto the podium, with the exception of the one you are wearing.
- Ski poles: separately from the skis, usually in the other hand.
- Glasses: either worn or hung around the athlete’s neck.
- Helmet: if worn, then only on the athlete’s head (but not on skis or ski poles).
- Ski clips: maximum two with the name of the ski manufacturer, possibly one with the name of the ski wax manufacturer.
- Clamps for ski poles, used in cross-country skiing competitions. Clamps can be used to hold two sticks together. The width of the staple can be two sticks, but not wider than 4 cm; permissible length (height) – 10 cm; the long side of the staple is parallel to the sticks. The pole manufacturer's commercial markings may cover the entire surface of the bracket.
- All other accessories are prohibited: bags on the belt, mobile phones around the neck, backpacks, bottles, etc.

2.8 (206.8; 206.9) Immediately after the competition, before the protest deadline, an informal presentation of the winner (flower ceremony) and a ceremony honoring the winners with the singing of anthems are permitted in the competition area, at the discretion and risk of the organizer. It is mandatory to have clearly visible starting numbers of the competition participants.
The starting jerseys of the athletes in which they participated in the competition, as well as other outerwear, must be worn and clearly visible while in restricted areas (including the podium and areas equipped for communicating with television reporters).

4 Use of rights for electronic media

4.1 The use of rights for electronic media is carried out in accordance with paragraphs 208, 209 of the ICR.

4.2 (208.1.4) Media access to competitions
During competitions, only personnel with appropriate accreditation are allowed into the areas allocated for the media.

5 (219) Prizes

5.1 (219.1) Prizes for setting records are prohibited.

5.2 (219.2) If two or more athletes have the same time or received the same number of points, they are ranked in the same place. They receive the same prizes, titles and diplomas. The distribution of titles or prizes by drawing lots or other competition is not permitted.

5.3 (219.3) All prizes must be awarded no later than the last day of the competition or series of competitions.

6 (221) Medical care and doping control

6.1 Sports organizations that represent competition participants are responsible for the health of their athletes and their readiness to participate in competitions. All athletes are required to regularly undergo comprehensive, in-depth medical examinations.

6.2 Medical support at competitions is provided by the medical staff of medical and physical education dispensaries (MED), sports centers, as well as by doctors who constantly monitor this contingent of athletes; territorial and departmental health care institutions. To do this, no later than 3 days before the start of the competition, its organizers submit a corresponding application to the WFD or district (city) health authorities that provide medical support for these competitions.

6.3 Multi-day competitions and competitions with a large number of participants are served by a team of doctors headed by the responsible medical director (chief physician). All decisions within his competence are binding on participants, coaches, judges and competition organizers. The chief physician also has nursing and junior medical staff and ambulance transport at his disposal. Before the start of the competition, the chief physician gets acquainted in detail with the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the competition venues, accommodation and nutrition of participants, the epidemiological situation, the sanitary and technical condition of sports facilities, first aid stations, tracks, sports equipment, locker rooms, showers, and recreational facilities for athletes. Receiving on the eve of the competition together with the competition director sports base, places of accommodation and meals for participants, the doctor is guided by the current rules for maintaining facilities for physical education and sports. The chief physician submits to the organizing committee or panel of judges a medical support plan for the competition and a report at the end of the competition.

6.4 The physician present at the competition is only responsible for conducting a medical examination at the request of a representative of the team participating in the competition or at the request of a competitor

6.5 (221.3) Doping is prohibited. Any violation of the FIS Anti-Doping Rules will be punishable by appropriate penalties.

6.6 (221.4) Doping control may be carried out during any official All-Russian sports competition, as well as at any other time. Detailed description see in Anti-doping rules FIS.

6.7 (221.6) Medical services to be provided by competition organizers
The main task of the competition organizers is to ensure the safety and health of all competition participants. This rule applies to athletes, volunteers, track workers and spectators.
Features of the organization of the medical care system depend on several variables:
- the scale, level and type of competition being held, as well as local standards of medical care, geographical location and specific circumstances;
- expected number of athletes, staff and spectators;
- the amount of responsibility that is assigned to the medical organization serving the competition (athletes, service personnel, spectators).
Prior to the start of official training or competition, the organizer/medical and rescue director must confirm to the competition director or technical delegate that all necessary life-saving equipment is available. If an accident occurs or circumstances arise that prevent the original medical plan from being followed, backup life-saving equipment must be available until official training or competition can resume.

7 (222) Competition equipment

7.1 New developments in the field of equipment, regulations for the use of new sports equipment and the verification procedure are carried out in accordance with paragraph 222 of the ICR.

7.2 The athlete is responsible for the equipment he uses (skis, poles, bindings, ski boots, uniform, etc.). It is his personal responsibility to check the suitability of his inventory general requirements security. Inventory must be in good working order.

7.3 (222.2) The term “competition equipment” means all items of equipment used by an athlete during competition, including clothing and technical equipment. A complete set of competition equipment is considered as a functional unit.

7.4 The use of artificial or unnatural aids that alter physical abilities athlete making technical adjustments to his movements, as well as the use of equipment that is potentially hazardous to health.

PART 2. ORGANIZATION

8 (211) Organizer

8.1 The organizer of cross-country skiing competitions is a person or group of persons who carry out the necessary preparation and organization of competitions at the venue.

9 (301) Organizing Committee

9.1 The Organizing Committee (Organizing Committee) consists of persons (individuals or legal entities) who are authorized by the organizer. They have all the rights and obligations of the organizers.

9.2 An organizing committee is created to conduct competitions of the 1st and 2nd categories. The organizing committee must respect the rights and obligations of the organizer.

9.3 The organizing committee includes, incl. chief competition judge and competition director.

10 (212) Insurance

10.1 (212.4) All competitors must be insured against accidents in an amount sufficient to cover the costs of possible accidents, transportation and rescue, including during the competition. Each sporting organization is responsible for insuring all of its athletes. The sports organization and its athletes are obliged at any time, upon request of the Federation, its representative or the Organizing Committee, to provide an insurance policy (original document). Insurance of competition participants must be provided at the expense of the sending organization from budgetary or extra-budgetary sources in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

11 Regulations on competitions

11.1 The competition regulations are developed by the Organizing Committee and must comply with these Rules.

11.2 The regulations on competitions determine the procedure for organizing and conducting competitions.

11.3 The Regulations must indicate:
1). Competition status.
2). Place and dates of competitions.
3). Organizers of the competition.
4). Requirements for competition participants and conditions for their admission.
5). Competition program.
6). Conditions for summing up.
7). Rewarding.
8). Procedure for submitting applications for participation.
9). Financing terms.

11.4 Regulations on competitions of the 1st category are sent to participating organizations no later than the deadline established by the Federation.

11.5 At competitions of the 1st category, the Organizing Committee (if necessary) in agreement with the Federation and the federal executive body in the region physical culture and Sports may make additions and changes to the Regulations, change the dates and place of competitions or cancel them, promptly notifying participants and all interested parties about this.

12 (213, 214) Program and competition announcement

12.1 For each competition, its organizers must publish a program that includes the following items:
- dates and place of the competition, information about sports facilities and the route to get to them;
- technical information about the competition and conditions for its participants;
- composition of the main panel of judges;
- time and place of the first meeting of team representatives and the draw;
- schedule of official training and starts;
- location of the official notice board;
- time and place of the award ceremony;
- the final date and time for submitting an application for participation, as well as the address for sending applications, including telephone, fax, e-mail.

12.3 (214.3) At competitions of the 1st category, all postponements, cancellations and other changes in the competition program must be agreed upon by the organizers with the Federation and notified to the TD and the TD assistant. Postponement of competitions early date must be approved by the Federation. For all participating sports organizations, information on postponements, cancellations and other changes to competitions is published on the Federation's website.

13 (302) Competition officials
- Technical Delegate (appointed by the Federation),
- Assistant to the Technical Delegate (appointed by the organizing committee, in agreement with the Federation),
- Chairman of the committee for organizing and conducting competitions (appointed by the Federation).

14 Competition judges

14.1 (302.1) Appointment of competition judges.

14.1.1 For competitions of the 1st category, the Committee for the Organization and Conduct of Competitions of the Federation appoints a Technical Delegate (TD), the chief judge and the chief secretary (in agreement with the organizing committee).
For other competitions, the chief judge and chief secretary are appointed by the organizing committee of the sports competition.

14.1.2 The chief judge of the competition is part of the main panel of judges (GJC) and is responsible for the appointment of its members and all referee teams.

14.2 (302.2.1) Composition of the GSK:
- main judge,
- deputy Ch. judges,
- chief secretary,
- deputy Ch. secretary,
- deputy Ch. track judges,
- head of the timing and results processing service,
- senior judge.

14.3 A sports judge is an individual authorized by the organizer of a sports competition to ensure compliance with the rules of the sport and the regulations (regulations) of the sports competition, who has undergone special training and received the appropriate qualification category. Each of them performs only one job, they should all be easily recognizable by clothing, armbands or badges. All judges must be in position in a timely manner to allow sufficient time to check the readiness of the competition venues.

14.4 (302.3) Sports referees and their duties.

14.4.1 (302.3.1) The Chief Competition Judge is responsible for all aspects of the competition and supervises the work of all competition judges. Conducts a meeting of team representatives, is a member of the jury and is a member of the Organizing Committee. He must constantly inform the TD about the progress of the preparatory work and about any possible changes, and also provide course maps, course profiles, stadium plans, schedules, etc., to the members of the Jury before their arrival at the competition site.

14.4.2 (302.3.2) The Chief Secretary of the competition is accountable to the Chief Judge of the competition.
Responsible for all secretarial work related to the technical aspects of the competition and supervises:
 work of the admission commission (checking the official application, the presence of an individual numerical code for competition participants (for competitions of the 1st category), quotas for competitions with limited admission),
 organizing meetings of team representatives,
 publication of unofficial results and dissemination of official results,
 preparation and distribution of information about the competition (invitations, messages for teams),
 preparation of documentation for the start, manual timing, control, competition results,
 keeps minutes of meetings of team representatives and jury meetings,
 accepts protests and forwards them to the Jury.

14.4.3 (302.3.3) The Deputy Course Chief Judge is responsible to the Competition Chief Judge. Responsible for the preparation (course compaction, markings, installation of barriers) of the competition course, ski testing areas and warm-up courses, as well as the correct installation and safe placement of any commercial marketing boards and structures.
Must:
 know the requirements for homologation of the route and have a copy of the certificate of homologated routes,
 know how to use equipment for optimal preparation of the ski slope in various snow conditions;
 properly prepare the ski slope and maintain it in satisfactory condition,
 prepare a ski testing area, a warm-up ski track,
 organize the installation of markings and fencing of the route, measurement of air and snow temperatures, first aid stations and food stations on the route, as well as the installation of equipment for recording intermediate finishes,
 lead a group of ski rental operators to maintain the slope in optimal condition, and also after the completion of the competition, the last participant must send at least two distributors or inspectors to close the slope, or a special car.

14.4.4 (302.3.4) The head of the timing and results processing service is accountable to the chief judge of the competition. Responsible for managing and coordinating the work of the judges working in the timing area (starter, finish judge, finish controller, timekeepers with manual and electronic timers, intermediate timekeepers and data processors). Together with the senior judge, he coordinates the location of the starting and finishing lines. Coordinates the location of points for measuring intermediate results. Manages data processing and provides information support to the media.

14.4.5 (302.3.5) The Chief Judge is accountable to the Chief Judge of the competition. Responsible for all actions carried out on the territory of the stadium: controls the passage of athletes to the start, marking of skis, commercial marking, marking of skis at the finish, passage of athletes after the finish, assists anti-doping controllers. He ensures the marking of the track, installation of fences and signs on the territory of the stadium, and also controls the preparation of the tracks at the stadium, correct installation and safe placement of any commercial marketing boards and structures in the stadium, safe and well-marked passage of athletes to the start line. The Chief Judge is responsible for ensuring that there is sufficient clothing space for athletes, coaches, equipment suppliers, anti-doping officials and medical personnel in the finish area, and for working closely with the media and finishing area ceremonies. Coordinates the location of the starting and finishing lines with the head of the timing and results processing service, ensures convenient access to the stadium for athletes, coaches, service personnel and the media, and prepares a mixed zone in the finish area.

14.5 Members of the organizing committee directly involved during the competition period

14.5.1 (302.3.6) The Head of Competition Control, together with the Jury, is responsible for placing controllers in appropriate locations, collecting all necessary information and control cards after the competition, and reporting all incidents to the Jury.
Two inspectors are required at each checkpoint. Athletes, coaches, representatives and team support staff should not be notified about their total number and locations. All controllers record violations and the progress of the competition participants. They may use video equipment. After the competition, controllers must report any violations of the rules to the Head of Control and Security and must be prepared to give evidence to the Jury.

14.5.2 The Head of Competition Security is responsible for ensuring competition security, access to the ski slope, stadium and team training areas.

14.5.3 (302.3.7) The Media Information Manager ensures optimal working conditions for the media, equipment suppliers and competition officials in the media areas. This includes responsibility for the placement and installation of signage in mixed use areas. This includes the arrangement of a mixed zone, placement of photographers, journalists and commentators. Facilities for holding press conferences and appropriate media infrastructure should also be provided. He is also responsible for the access of representatives of the press, radio and television to information that should be provided to them.

14.5.4 (302.3.8) The Director of Medical and Rescue Services is responsible for organizing first aid and all medical services at the competition, as well as for promptly transporting patients to the nearest medical facility.
Medical and rescue services must operate as normal and during training.
Medical care requirements are detailed in Chapter 1 of the FIS Medical Handbook, which contains Medical Rules and Recommendations.

15 (303) The jury and its duties

15.1 (303.1) The composition of the jury in competitions of the 1st category:
- Technical Delegate (Chairman of the Jury);
- chief judge of the competition;
- Assistant to the technical delegate.
Note. For competitions of the 2nd and 3rd categories, the jury may have the following composition: chief judge of the competition, deputy. chief judge for courses, senior judge.

15.2 (303.2) Technical Delegate (TD)

15.2.1 (303.2.1) Authority
The TD is sent by the Federation to the organization hosting the competition and is a guarantee that the competition will be held in accordance with these rules.
The TD must have a valid TD license and is responsible for organizing the work of the Jury.

15.2.2 (303.2.2) Purpose

15.2.2.1 For all official all-Russian sports competitions, the TD is appointed by the Committee for the Organization and Conduct of Competitions of the Federation. The TD must not be a representative of the regional branch of the Federation or an accredited regional ski racing federation on whose territory the competition is held.

15.3 (303.3) Duties of the jury

15.3.1 (303.3.1) The Jury must ensure that the competition is organized and conducted in accordance with these rules. The Jury begins to perform its duties from the moment of appointment and ends when decisions on protests from the last competition are made and official results are announced. The first meeting of the Jury must take place before the first official training session.

15.3.2 (303.3.2) The Jury shall consider and make the following decisions:
- postponement, interruption or cancellation of the competition;
- adjustments to competition courses (if necessary) must be made with safety in mind. Additional measures safety (fences, protective materials, etc.) must be installed along the route;
- accepting late applications and substitutions;
- receiving protests and announcing sanctions or disqualification;
- application of sanctions to an athlete or coach;
- changes in the starting order or type of start in special cases;
- all issues not covered in these rules.

15.3.3 (303.3.3) At the competition site, especially during official training and competition, members of the Jury are authorized to issue verbal warnings and revoke accreditation for the current competition.

15.3.4 (303.3.4) Decisions of the Jury are made by a majority vote. In case of equality of votes, the Chairman of the Jury has the casting vote.

15.4 (303.4) Responsibilities of the Jury before and during the competition

15.4.1 (303.4.1) All members of the Jury must arrive at the competition site two (2) days prior to the start of the competition to verify the readiness of the sports facility for official training and competition and make appropriate adjustments.
The TD is responsible for the performance of the Jury members' duties and distributes tasks among them in accordance with their level of competence and experience.
Members of the Jury must be prepared and able to ski the course in order to assess the level of its preparation.

15.4.2 (303.4.2) The jury, before arriving at the competition site, must have:
- competition program;
- plans for ski slopes and stadium;
- information on snow conditions, contingency plans (in cases of poor snow conditions).

15.4.3 (303.4.3) Before the start of the competition, at the venue the Jury must check:
- Ski slopes: certificate of homologation, quality of preparation (snow conditions, equipment for preparing the slope and equipment, availability of rental companies, plans in case of extreme weather conditions), route markings, safety measures, coaching and non-coaching areas, food points, access routes for snowmobiles.
- Team area: lubrication rooms, ski testing area, warm-up tracks.
- Stadium: detailed diagrams, markings, fencing, information boards and signs.
- Medical care: first aid stations, evacuation plans, means of transporting victims (snowmobile with sleigh, ambulance), doping control (premises, accompanying persons).
- Accommodation of teams: Distance from the competition site to the accommodation location, organization and quality of food.
- Competition office: location, organization, equipment, opening hours, information for teams, forms, lists (current sheets of competition points, ratings, written warnings), applications for participation (confirmation of the right to participate in competitions, admissions and quotas, RUS codes, formation of groups – if applicable).
- Team Representatives Meeting: location, schedule, room equipment, refreshments, agenda, presentation, team information, mock draw (if applicable).
- Timing: start and finish procedures, photo finish, main timing device, auxiliary timing device, data processing, content and format of start protocols, content and format of competition results protocols, data transfer to the Federation in the established format.
- Competition control: control points on the track, control of equipment, equipment, place for viewing video and photographic materials, procedures, ski markings (if applicable).
- Jury: work space, identification, communications.
- Ceremonies: schedule, awarding prizes, protocol.
- Media (if applicable): press center, information for the media, press conferences.
- Security: accreditation system, identification, access points and access control.
- Transport services and parking.

15.4.4 (303.4.4) Responsibilities of the Jury during competitions:
- All members of the Jury must arrive at the competition site in advance (2 hours before the first start).
- They must ensure that the competition starts as scheduled.
- If necessary, make changes to the procedures for warming up and testing skis on the slope.
- Members of the Jury must decide on the need to re-prepare the route and change the schedule of the rental companies.
- Informing teams about the decisions of the Jury.
- Monitoring of competitions.
- Making decisions regarding all violations of these rules (including paragraph 3 of the PSLG) and late starts (if the late start was caused by force majeure).
- Making decisions regarding submitted protests.
- Documentation of the Jury's decisions with evidence to be used in the event of an appeal.
- Checking the timing and recording of results, calculating the race penalty, announcing the official results.
- Members of the Jury must ensure that the official results are published on the Federation website.
- The TD must prepare the relevant report within 3 days after the competition

16 (304) Conditions for receiving a TD and a TD assistant
The conditions for ensuring the activities of the TD and the TD assistant are carried out in accordance with the Federation Regulations.

17 (305) Meeting of team representatives

17.1 (305.1) Procedure

17.1.1 (305.1.1) Before each competition there is a meeting of team representatives. It must be held the day before the start of the competition.

17.1.2 (305.1.2; 216.1) The time and place of the first and subsequent meetings of team representatives, as well as the draw, must be indicated in the Competition Program. Members of the Jury determine how many representatives from each participating team and how many accredited officials may participate in the team representatives meeting. At the first meeting, team representatives are invited to all subsequent meetings. Extraordinary meetings must be announced in advance.

17.1.3 (305.1.5) The meeting of team representatives is chaired by the chief judge of the competition.

17.1.4 (216.3) Team representatives and coaches must be accredited by the organizers in accordance with the current quotas.

17.1.5 (216.2) During discussions at meetings of representatives, it is prohibited to replace a representative with a representative of another constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

17.1.6 (216.4) Team representatives and coaches must obey these rules, the decisions of the Jury and behave appropriately, in accordance with the requirements of sports ethics.

17.1.7 (305.1.6) When holding a meeting, team representatives, by a majority vote, may make recommendations to the Jury. Each team has 1 vote.

17.1.8 (305.1.7) If necessary, the Jury may adjourn to make a decision on the recommendations, announce the decision, and then continue deliberating (PSLG 15.3.2).

17.2 (305.2) Meeting agenda

17.2.1 (305.2.1) A written agenda must be presented at the team representatives meeting. It is prepared by the chief secretary of the competition together with the chief judge of the competition and the Jury.

17.2.2 (305.2.2) At all competitions the agenda consists of the following items:
- roll call;
- introduction of members of the Organizing Committee;
- presentation by the Jury;
- weather forecast;
- checking lists of participants and grouping athletes;
- drawing lots or the procedure for forming a starting protocol for competition points;
- description of the stadium (access, ski markings (if applicable), start, finish, relay transfer area, tents for changing clothes, exit, etc.);
- description of the route (access, profile, placement of food points and timing points for intermediate sections, safety issues, route markings, etc.);
- preparation of the route;
- time, place and regulations for ski testing;
- time and routes for training/warm-up;
- general information from TD;
- general information from the organizer.

17.2.3 (305.2.3) At a meeting of team representatives, minutes must be kept, which reflects all topics discussed, proposals made and decisions made Jury.

PART 3. SKI RACING COMPETITION

18 (310) Competition formats and programs

18.1 (310.1) Table of distances and course lengths

18.2 (310.2) Determination of competitive styles

18.2.1 (310.2.1) Classic style

18.2.1.1 (310.2.1.1) The classical style refers to techniques of alternating and simultaneous moves, the herringbone technique without a sliding phase, techniques of descents and turns.

18.2.1.2 (310.2.1.2) Skating moves not allowed.

18.2.1.3 (310.2.1.3) Turning techniques involve steps and pushes to change direction. Where there is a cut ski track, the technique of turning with skating push-off is prohibited. The same rule applies to athletes taking turns outside the cut track.

18.2.2 (310.2.2) Free style. Freestyle includes all cross-country skiing techniques.

18.3 Competition program of the Russian Championship (CR):

18.4 (310.3.3) Russian Cup program (KR). The Russian Cup program for the competitive season is determined annually by the Federation. The program is based on competitions of the same formats and distances as in the CR program. Distances and style are determined annually. In order to further develop cross-country skiing, trial (new) competition formats may be part of the Kyrgyz Republic program. Long distance competitions may also be included.

18.5 (310.3.4) Russian Championship Program (PR)

18.5.1 Juniors and juniors 21 – 23 years old

18.5.2 Juniors and juniors 19 – 20 years old

18.6 The participation of athletes in all-Russian competitions (ChR, Final of the Kyrgyz Republic, PR) is carried out in accordance with the approved admission of the Federation.

18.7 Competitions on the territory of the Russian Federation, including FIS competitions.
Distances and their format are determined in accordance with clause 18.1 of the PSLG:
Pursuit can be organized on the same day or on different days with different competitive styles, at the same or different distances.

19 (311) Cross-country skiing courses

19.1 (311.1) Main characteristics

19.1.1 (311.1.1) Cross-country skiing courses must be located so that they provide an opportunity to evaluate technical, tactical and physical training athletes. The level of difficulty must correspond to the level of competition, age and qualifications of the participants. The route should be laid out in the most natural way possible to avoid monotony, and also have a hilly surface, ascents and descents. Where possible, the route should pass through the forest. The rhythm of the race should not be disrupted by many sudden changes of direction or steep climbs. Downhill sections must be located so that athletes can pass each other. It is necessary that skiers who have different speed, could simultaneously pass along the highway without interfering with each other.

19.1.2 (311.1.2) Basic principle of cross-country skiing course construction
- 1/3: climbs with an angle from 9 (1:1) to 18% (1:5.5) with a height difference of more than 10 meters, as well as several short climbs with a steepness of over 18%;
- 1/3: hilly, rough terrain, including short ascents and descents (with a height difference of 1 to 9 m).
- 1/3: various descents requiring various techniques descent

19.1.3 (311.1.3) At FLGR and FIS cross-country skiing competitions, the courses are used only in one direction, as specified in the homologation certificates.

19.1.4 (311.1.4) A ski testing area with test tracks for all participating teams must be located adjacent to the stadium. It should be located next to the ski preparation cabins and the warm-up ski track. Test tracks must be prepared to the same standards as competition tracks.

19.1.5 (311.1.5) Warm-up tracks should be located as close to the stadium as possible.

19.2 (311.2) Homologation

19.2.1 (311.2.1) All official all-Russian cross-country skiing competitions must be held on homologated tracks. detailed information The homologation procedure is presented in the Federation's Guide to Homologation of Cross-Country Ski Courses.

19.2.2 (311.2.2) In competitions aimed at promoting the sport of skiing, courses may be used that do not comply with the homologation standards, provided that such courses have been approved by the Rules, Control and Homologation Committee of the Federation.

19.2.3 (311.2.3) The organizer must provide copies of the course maps and the homologation certificate to his TD. Maps must have a north arrow and a scale bar.

19.2.4 (311.2.4) Definitions

19.2.4.1 (311.2.4.1) HD (height difference) – the difference in height between the highest and lowest points of the competition course.

19.2.4.2 (311.2.4.2) MC (maximum lift) - a lift with a maximum height difference (the largest rise). The ascent may be interrupted by a section of hilly terrain, the length of which does not exceed 200 m (in length) or a descent with a height difference of no more than 10 m (in height).

19.2.4.3 (311.2.4.3) TC (sum of elevation changes) - the total sum of all climbs on the course.

19.2.5 (311.2.5) Cross Country Course Standards. HD, TC and MC homologated competition courses must comply with the following standards:

19.2.6 (311.2.6) Path width categories.
The width of the routes must correspond to the following parameters:
Category A. Minimum track width: ascents - 3m, rough terrain - 3m, descents - 3m. Use: Classic style time trial competitions.
Category B. Minimum track width: ascents - 4m, rough terrain - 4m, descents - 4m. Use: Freestyle time trial competitions; Relay race classic style
Category C. Minimum track width: ascents - 6m, rough terrain - 6m, descents - 6m. Usage: Classic style mass start competitions; Skiathlon classic part; Pursuit classic style; Free style relay; Sprint classic style; Team sprint classic style.
Category D. Minimum track width: ascents - 9m, rough terrain - 7.5m, descents - 6m. Use: Competitions with mass start free style; Skiathlon free part; Pursuit free style; Sprint free style; Team sprint free style.
Category E. Minimum track width: ascents - 12m, rough terrain - 9m, descents - 9m. Use: Skiathlon (both styles on the same course).

19.2.6.1 You can use a lower category of tracks for competitions of the 2nd and 3rd categories. The number and level of participants must be taken into account.

19.2.7 (311.2.7) At national competitions, the highest point of the cross-country skiing course must not exceed 1800 m (above sea level).

19.3 (311.3) Course preparation

19.3.1 (311.3.1) Course preparation before the start of the competition season

The trails must be ready before winter so that they can be driven even with thin snow cover. Stones, roots, bushes, stumps and similar obstacles must be removed. Sections of the route that have drainage systems must be corrected. Summer preparations must take into account the standards that competitions are held in snow depths of approximately 30 cm. Special attention should be given to downhill sections and counter-slopes of turns.

19.3.2 (311.3.2) Basic preparations for competition

19.3.2.1 (311.3.2.1) The course must be completely prepared using mechanical equipment. To prepare the competition route for the 1st category, a snow compacting machine (of the “Snowcat” type) is used; it must follow the natural terrain in order to maintain the roughness of the terrain.

19.3.2.2 (311.3.2.2) The width of the course must be consistent with the competition format and the Homologation Guidelines. The track must be prepared so that athletes can move unhindered. Sections of the slopes where the course ascends or descends in a zigzag pattern should be wide enough to provide good preparation.

19.3.2.3 (311.3.2.3) The trails and warm-up tracks must be fully prepared before official training, well marked and marked with kilometer markers.

19.3.2.4 (311.3.2.4) It is necessary that all athletes are treated on an equal footing during competition. If there is snow or strong winds, a sufficient number of qualified ski operators and/or specially equipped patrols must be used to ensure a level playing field. For such cases, an action plan must be prepared together with the Jury.

19.3.2.5 (311.3.2.5) All artificial methods of improving the gliding properties of snow are prohibited. In special cases it is allowed to use chemical substances, to prevent the snow surface from becoming soft.

19.3.3 (311.3.3) Preparation of tracks for the classical style.

19.3.3.1 (311.3.3.1) The number of tracks is determined by the Jury in accordance with the length, width, profile of the track, competition format and number of participants (see section B of the PSLG).

19.3.3.2 (311.3.3.2) Throughout the competition course, the ski track must be laid along the optimal trajectory. The ski track is laid in the middle of the route, with the exception of turns.

19.3.3.3 (311.3.3.3) On turns, a ski track is laid only if the skis will slide along it unhindered. Where the turns are very sharp and the speed may be too high to stay on the track, the track does not cut through. On turns, the track should be located close to the fence to prevent the possibility of passing between the track and the fence.

19.3.3.4 (311.3.3.4) Decisions regarding course and track preparation must take into account the capabilities of the best athletes and their highest possible speed.

19.3.3.5 (311.3.3.5) The ski track must be prepared in such a way that it is possible to control and slide the skis without the effect of lateral braking by any part of the binding. The distance between the left and right ski tracks should be 17 - 30 cm, measured from the middle of each ski track. The depth of the ski track should be 2–5 cm even on hard or frozen snow.

19.3.3.6 (311.3.3.6) If two or more tracks are used, the distance between them must be at least 1.2 m, measured from the center of each track.

19.3.4 (311.3.4) Preparation of freestyle courses

19.3.4.1 (311.3.4.1) The course must be well prepared throughout its entire length. The width of the course must correspond to the competition format (see section B of the PSLG).

19.3.4.2 (311.3.4.2) The location and nature of the location of the ski tracks on the slopes is determined by the Jury.

19.4 (311.4) Route markings

19.4.1 (311.4.1) The course markings must be such that the athlete is in no doubt where the course goes. At CR competitions, the colors of the markings must be specified in the course description.

19.4.2 (311.4.2) Kilometer markers must indicate the total distance covered on the course, with each kilometer marked.

19.4.3 (311.4.3) Forks and intersections on the course must be clearly marked, and unused portions of the course must be fenced off or V-boarded.

19.5 (311.5) Food stations

19.5.1 (311.5.1) The Organizing Committee must provide at least one refreshment station (in the finish area).

19.5.2 (311.5.2) The jury determines the location of food stations on the competition course, as well as possible restrictions.

19.6 (311.6) Route protection

19.6.1 (311.6.1) In the CR, the tracks must be fenced on both sides in all places where spectators could interfere with the athletes.

19.7 (311.7) Training and viewing the track

19.7.1 (311.7.1) Competitors, coaches, officials and team support personnel must be given the opportunity to train and learn the course under competition conditions. If possible, access to the course must be granted two days before the competition. The jury may close the track or allow its use only in certain areas or during certain hours.

20 (312) Cross-country skiing stadium

20.1 (312.1) Stadium area

20.1.1 (312.1.1) The stadium for cross-country skiing must be prepared with well-designed start and finish areas.

20.1.2 (312.1.2) The stadium must be a single functional facility, separated and controlled where necessary by gates, fencing and marked areas. It must be prepared in such a way that:
- athletes could pass through it several times;
- athletes, representatives and team staff, media representatives, and spectators could easily get to their seats;
- there was enough space for competitions of all formats.

20.2 (312.2) Start area

20.2.1 (312.2.1) The first 50 meters is the start area. This area can be divided into corridors. The number, width and length of corridors are determined by the Jury in accordance with the competition format (see section B of the PSLG) and the stadium layout.

20.2.2 (312.2.2) Starting positions are also determined according to the competition format (see section B of the PSLG).

20.3 (312.3) Finish area

20.3.1 (312.3.1) The last 50-100 meters must be straight and constitute a finishing area divided into corridors. The corridors must be clearly marked and clearly visible, the markings must not interfere with the movement of athletes. The number, width and length of corridors are determined by the Jury in accordance with the competition format (see section B of the PSLG) and the stadium layout.

20.3.2 (312.3.2) The finishing line must be clearly marked with a colored line. The width of the finish line should not exceed 10 cm.

20.3.3 (312.3.3) The control line is located 10-15 meters from the finish line. Athletes are prohibited from taking off their skis before crossing the control line (clause 2.5 of the PSLG). The relevant violations are reported to the Jury.

20.4 (312.4) Relay transfer zone

20.4.1 (312.4.1) In team competitions, the relay handover area must be sufficiently wide and long; it must be clearly marked and located on a level or slightly raised surface within the stadium.

20.4.2 (312.4.2) The size of this area (length and width) must correspond to the competition format (see also section B of the PSLG).

20.5 (312.5) Pit boxes

20.5.1 (312.5) If ski changes are permitted, the pit area must be arranged so that there are separate boxes for all competitors, marked with the athlete's serial number, and so that athletes do not interfere with each other when leaving the area. . A bypass corridor must be provided so that athletes who do not need to change skis in their pit boxes can bypass this area as quickly as possible.

20.6 (312.6) Operating conditions

20.6.1 (312.6.1) Competition Officials, Jury Members, Coaches, Media and Support Personnel must have appropriate areas to work within the stadium. The access of these persons to the stadium premises must be controlled.

20.6.2 (312.6.2) The timing and scoring service must be located in a building (heated room) from which the start and finish areas are clearly visible.

20.6.3 (312.6.3) At Category 1 competitions, Federation officials and Jury members must have workroom in close proximity to the stadium, from where the stadium is clearly visible.

20.6.4 (312.6.4) A heated room near the stadium must be prepared for a medical station.

20.7 (312.7) Additional objects

20.7.1 (312.7.1) At Category 1 competitions, controlled (fenced or directly controlled) team preparation areas with lubrication booths for ski preparation must be located in the immediate vicinity of the stadium. Lubrication cabins must be heated and well ventilated using air exchangers.

20.7.2 (312.7.2) Restrooms must be provided near the stadium for athletes. They must be easily accessible from the start area.

20.8 (312.8) Means of presenting current information

20.8.1 (312.8.1) There must be a notice board near the stadium and lubrication booths showing the results of the competition, important information from the Organizing Committee and the Jury, and snow and air temperatures. Temperature indicators should be displayed 2 hours before the start, an hour before the start, half an hour before the start, during the start, half an hour after the start and an hour after the start.

20.8.2 (312.8.2) Temperature measurements must be taken in the stadium area and in areas of the track where extreme temperatures are observed (low points, high points and open areas).

20.8.3 (312.8.3) Loudspeakers must be used to announce important information during the competition.

20.8.4 Electronic scoreboards must be used to display intermediate and unofficial results.

20.9 Additional terms and conditions.

20.9.1 To service competitions, the administration of the rented sports facility organizes a commandant service.

20.9.2 The management of the sports facility signs an act on the readiness of the sports facility for competitions, on ensuring public order and safety for athletes, judges, spectators and other persons located in the area of ​​the sports facility during the competition period.

21 (313) Applications for participation in competitions

21.1 (215) Official and technical entries for participation in competitions

21.1.1 Official applications

21.1.1.1 (215.1) A complete and final list of participants in the competition is submitted to the Organizing Committee of the competition no later than 24 hours before the start of the first draw.

21.1.1.2 (215.2) It is prohibited to enter one athlete into more than one competition during the day.

21.1.1.3 The procedure for submitting applications for all-Russian competitions is determined by the regulations on competitions approved by the Federation.

21.1.1.4 The official application is submitted by a team representative.

21.1.1.5 The official application for participation in competitions is filled out on a form approved by the Federation (see Appendix 1).

21.1.1.6 (313.2.1) Official entries and lists of participants divided into groups (if used) must be received and verified by the competition secretary no later than the specified time. The closing time for accepting official applications and lists of participants is confirmed by the GSK.

21.1.1.7 (215.3.1) Each official application must contain: FIS/RUS code (for competitions of the 1st category), last name, first name, day, month, year of birth, participant’s affiliation with a constituent entity of the Russian Federation ( municipality, sports school etc.), personal permit of a doctor, seal of a medical institution, seal of a sending organization.

21.1.2 Technical applications

21.1.2.1 Competition organizers are required to provide a technical application form (see Appendix 2) to team representatives indicating the disciplines in accordance with the competition program.

21.1.2.2 Technical applications must be received and checked by the competition secretary no later than 2 hours before the start of the meeting of team representatives.

21.1.2.3 The technical application must contain: FIS/RUS code (for competitions of the 1st category), last name, first name, gender, list of sports disciplines, start group.

21.1.2.4 (313.2.2) If the group allocation method is used to determine the starting order, the competition secretary will follow the group number specified in the technical entry when assigning competitors to groups.

21.1.2.5 If the technical entry does not indicate the distribution of participants into groups, the competition secretary will use the order found in the technical entry.

21.1.2.6 (313.2.3) If the starting order is determined by competition points, the competition secretary must take into account the values ​​of the competitors' points on the current Sheet.

21.2 (313.3) Late applications

21.2.1 (313.3.1) Late entries may be accepted by the Jury before the draw begins.

21.2.2 (313.3.2) After the draw, late entries will not be accepted.

21.3 (313.4) Replacement

21.3.1 (313.4.1) After the draw, a replacement of an athlete is possible only if he is unable to start as a result of force majeure (injury, illness, etc.) and if the replacement is allowed by the Jury. The physical condition of the athlete must be confirmed by a doctor, after which the Jury must be informed about this at least 2 hours before the start.

21.3.2 (313.4.2) If an accident occurs during warm-up, the Jury may allow a replacement later than 2 hours before the start, if such an accident was reported in a timely manner and this fact was confirmed by the head of the medical and rescue service of the Organizing Committee.

21.3.3 (313.4.3) If the Athlete who has been replaced is selected for doping control, he must submit to it, as must the Athlete who replaced him. If an athlete who has been replaced tests positive, a replacement is not permitted.

21.3.4 (313.4.4) The starting positions of the replacement athlete will also be determined in accordance with the competition format (see Section B of the PSLG “Competition Formats”).

21.3.5 (313.4.5) Team representatives must inform no later than 30 minutes before the start of those participants declared in the start protocol who cannot start due to injury or other reasons. Participants who are selected for doping control must undergo it.

21.4 (313.5) Group distribution

21.4.1 (313.5.1) If the grouping method is used to determine the starting order, the team representative must distribute the competitors evenly among the groups. This must be done no later than 2 hours before the draw. If a team representative enters more athletes than groups, he will assign additional athletes to groups, one per group, at his discretion. This rule also applies to teams with fewer participants than the number of groups.

21.4.2 (313.5.2) If the number of participants is 20 or less, only two groups are used - I and II. If the number of participants is from 21 to 40, groups I, II, III are used. If the number of participants is more than 40, all 4 groups are used.

22 (314) Starting order

22.1 (314.1) Principles

22.1.1 (314.1.1) The start list may be formed on the basis of a draw, a points system, rating points, places in a multi-stage competition, a qualification system and other methods.

22.2 (314.2) Draw

22.2.1 (217.1) The starting order of the competitors for each competition and each discipline is determined by a special formula by drawing lots, the number of current ranking points, and/or the current Federation competition points sheet.

22.2.2 (217.2) Athletes whose applications, submitted in writing by team representatives, have been received by the competition organizer before the expiration of the application deadline, will take part in the draw.

22.2.3 (217.3) If an athlete is not represented at the draw by a team representative or coach, he will participate in the draw provided that it is confirmed by telephone, telegram, e-mail, by telefax that the athletes for whom applications have been submitted will take part in the competition.

22.2.4 (217.4) If an athlete who has been drawn is not present at the competition, the TD must include this information in his report, indicating, if possible, the reason for the absence.

22.2.5 (217.5) Representatives of all teams participating in the competition must be invited to the draw. In some cases, the drawing of lots is possible under the supervision of the Jury.

22.2.6 (217.6) If the competition is postponed to another date, the draw must be made again.

22.2.7 (314.2.1) The drawing of lots may be carried out manually or using a computer.

22.2.8 (314.2.2) The drawing of lots is carried out using the double random sampling method.

22.2.9 (314.2.3) If groups are formed, the starting numbers within each group are determined by drawing lots. The starting order of the groups is: I, II, III and IV. The distribution of competition participants into groups cannot change during the draw.

22.3 (314.3) Manual draw

22.3.1 The draw is carried out manually in groups using cards using the random selection method.

22.4 (314.4) Draw using a computer

22.4.1 (314.4.1) The accuracy of the computer draw must be monitored by a member of the Jury.

22.4.2 (314.4.2) This method requires that the names and groups of athletes be entered into the computer. The program provides at least four stages of displaying information on the monitor.
1. A list of participants with their serial numbers within the group is displayed on the monitor.
2. The name of the participant is displayed on the monitor, which is randomly selected by the computer.
3. The computer randomly selects the starting number of the participant. The monitor now displays the participant's name and bib number.
4. The monitor displays the starting protocol in which this participant is included.

22.5 (314.5) Determination of starting order using point system

22.5.1 (314.5.1) Competitors may be assigned to groups based on the competition points, the current sprint sheet or the distance sheet.

22.5.2 (314.5.2) The regulations and calculation scheme for RUS points to determine valid sheets are located on the Federation website.

22.6 (314.6) "Red Group"

22.6.1 (314.6.1) The Red Group is an exception. It includes best athletes taking part in the competition. The “Red Group” is determined based on the athlete’s performance or the current Federation rating or current rating in multi-stage competitions.

22.6.2 (314.6.2) The “Red Group” consists of:
“base age” – 30 best men, – 30 best women;
“juniors and junior women” 21-23 years old – 20 best juniors, – 20 best juniors;
“juniors and junior women” 19-20 years old – 20 best juniors, – 20 best juniors;
“boys and girls” – 20 best boys, – 20 best,
in the current Federation rankings (distance and sprint).
Athletes on this list cannot be replaced by others during the competition. After each competition, new current ratings are formed, valid for the next competition. Athletes who stop competing before the start of the competitive season are removed from the ranking and replaced by others in order.

22.6.3 (314.6.3) All competitors assigned to the “Red Group” must begin competition in that group.

22.6.4 (314.6.4) The starting position of the “Red Group” is determined by the Jury depending on the competition format in accordance with the rules of the specific competition. The “Red Group” starts from the most advantageous positions.

22.7 (314.7) Breast numbers (start numbers)

22.7.1 (314.7.1) Design.
The starting numbers must be clearly visible from both the rear and the front. They should not interfere with the athlete. The size, shape, and fastening method cannot be changed.
Ensuring the supply of quality acts is the responsibility of the organizer. The start numbers used in sprints, handicap starts and mass start races must additionally be present under both hands of the athletes. Additional numbers can be used in other types of competitions.

22.7.2 (314.7.2) Numbers on legs

22.7.2.1 (314.7.2.1) In mass start, skiathlon, pursuit and individual sprint competitions, serial numbers must be attached to the athlete's foot, which is located closer to the camera installed at the finish line.

22.7.2.2 (314.7.2.2) In team sprint and relay events, the order numbers must be affixed to the finishing athlete's foot, which is located closest to the camera installed at the finish line.

23 (315) Start procedure

23.1 (315.1) Types of starts

23.1.1 (315.1.1) At sporting competitions, the following types of starts are used: time trial start, mass start, handicap start and race start.

23.2 (315.2) Time trial procedure

23.2.1 (315.2.1) Half-minute intervals are used for time trials and 15-second intervals for sprint qualifying events. The jury may approve the use of shorter or longer intervals.

23.2.2 (315.2.2) Five seconds before the start, the countdown begins: “5-4-3-2-1”, followed by the starting signal “March”. The command is given by voice or audio signal. If electronic timing is used, an electronic signal sounds simultaneously with the start command. The start clock must be positioned so that the athlete can clearly see it.

23.2.3 (315.2.3) The athlete must place his feet behind the start line and remain stationary until the start command is received. The poles must be stationary in front of the starting line and/or in front of the starting gate.

23.2.4 (315.2.4) An athlete may start at any time within 3 seconds before the start signal and 3 seconds after the start signal. If he starts earlier than 3 seconds before the starting signal, it is considered a false start. If an athlete starts later than 3 seconds after the start signal, this is considered a late start and the start time from the start sheet will be counted.

23.2.5 (315.2.5) An athlete who delays his start must not overlap in time with other starting athletes.

23.2.6 (315.2.6) If the Jury considers that the delay in the start is due to force majeure, the actual starting time (using either manual or electronic timing) may be counted.

23.3 (315.3) Mass start procedure

23.3.1 (315.3.1) The mass start is organized using an angled starting line (arrow-shaped). This means that the athlete with the 1st starting number is in the most advantageous position starting position, followed by athlete number 2, etc. All participants are located at a certain distance from each other. The first number is in the middle position, even numbers are on the right, and odd numbers are on the left. The ski track numbering is located on the right or in the middle.

23.3.2 (315.3.2) Start procedures for the mass start begin two minutes before the start signal. At this time, all athletes standing on the starting line are given instructions regarding the start. The last instruction for athletes is to take their positions at the start, after which the announcement is made “one minute before the start”. The next command is “30 seconds to start.” When all athletes freeze in their positions, the starting command, shot or signal is given.

23.4 (315.4) Starting procedure according to the handicap system

23.4.1 (315.4.1) Starting order and intervals are determined by the results of the first competition or the current ranking in multi-stage competitions. When forming the starting protocol, tenths of a second are not taken into account.

23.4.2 (315.4.2) In order to avoid overtaking athletes who start late or delaying the competition time, the Jury may allow a mass start or race start for late starters. The jury may also reduce the number of starting athletes.

23.4.3 (315.4.3) Under the handicap system, the starting time is calculated without the use of an electronic starting gate. A video camera must be used to record the entire start process so that the Jury can view it again.

23.4.4 (315.4.4) To ensure accurate start times, a large digital clock board must be located in front of each start lane, which also displays the start number and start time of the athlete starting from that lane. The start must be prepared in such a way that two or more athletes can start next to each other.

23.5 (315.5) Race start procedure

23.5.1 (315.5.1) The starting area is limited by the starting line and a pre-start line located parallel 1 meter in front of it.

23.5.2 (315.5.2) Electronic and/or mechanical starting gates may be used with the permission of the Jury.

23.5.3 (315.5.3) During pre-start instructions and distribution of starting lanes, athletes are located on the pre-start line. After the command “To the start”, the athletes move to their places, to the starting line. At the command “Attention!” athletes are required to stop all movements and take a stationary position. Approximately 2-5 seconds after giving the command “Attention!”, when all athletes stop moving, the starter gives the starting signal, fires, or makes the starting command “March”.

23.5.4 (315.5.4) The starting procedure where a starting gate is not used follows the same rules as stated in the previous paragraph.

23.6 (315.6) Responsibilities of the starter

23.6.1 (315.6.1) The starter must ensure that all athletes start on time in accordance with the start protocol. An assistant is located next to the starter, who records any violations at the start and their details.

23.7 (315.7) Consequences of a false start

23.7.1 (315.7.1) In time trial or handicap competitions, an athlete who makes a false start will not be returned to the starting line. All false starts must be reported to the Jury.

23.7.2 (315.7.2) In competitions with a mass start or heat start, in the event of a false start, the competition starts again. In this case, the starter gives a second signal (second shot), while his assistants must be at a sufficient distance ahead along the track to be able to return the athletes to the start.

23.8 (315.8) Ski markings

23.8.1 (315.8.1) The decision on the advisability of marking skis is made by the Jury. For control purposes, both skis are marked before the start. The athlete must personally go to the official ski marking point, having first put on his start number.

23.8.2 In all sprint competitions, ski markings are not used.

23.8.3 In skiathlon, both pairs of skis must be marked before the start.

23.9 (315.9) Temperature
If the temperature at the coldest point of the route is below -20˚С (in the central and southern regions of the Russian Federation) or -25˚С (in the northern and equivalent regions), the Jury must decide to postpone or cancel the competition. In case of difficult weather conditions (for example, strong wind, high humidity, heavy snowfall, high temperature), the Jury may, after consultation with team representatives and the head of the medical and rescue service of the competition, postpone or cancel the competition.

24 (316) Timing

24.1 (316.1) For Category 1 competitions, an electronic timing system must be used. Electronic timing is always duplicated by manual timing, and the results of the two systems are cross-checked.

24.2 (316.2) If the electronic timing system temporarily fails, the manual timing system is used and the average time difference between the electronic and manual systems is adjusted. If the electronic system fails completely or too frequently, manual timing is used for all athletes. When calculating results obtained using manual timing, the actual starting time must be used.

24.3 (316.3) When using manual timing, the finishing time is recorded at the moment the athlete's front foot crosses the finish line.

24.4 (316.4) Electronic timing.

24.4.1 (316.4.1) The following electronic timing technologies may be used to determine the official finishing time:
- Electronic timing system based on photocells. The measuring point of the light barrier or photocell should be located at a height of 25 cm above the snow surface.
- Electronic timing system based on transponders.
- Photo finish system. The measuring point is the toe of the boot that reaches the finish line first.

24.5 (316.5) If an athlete falls while crossing the finish line, his finishing time will be determined in accordance with paragraph 24.3 or 24.4 of the PSLG, provided that all parts of the athlete's body are behind the finish line without assistance.

24.6 (316.6) Start and finish times must be recorded to the nearest 1/100 (0.01). An athlete's net time is calculated by subtracting the start time from the finish time. The final result of each skier is determined with an accuracy of 1/10 (0.1) by discarding hundredths from the net time. For example, the time 00:38:24.38 will become 00:38:24.3.

24.7 (316.7) At Category 1 competitions, photo finish cameras must be installed. Two video cameras are used for video control in the finishing area. It is also recommended to additionally use a third video camera to film the starting numbers from behind.

24.8 (316.8) The finish line judge must record the arrival of the athletes in the order in which they cross the finish line. After this, he passes the list to the head of the timing service.

24.9 It is prohibited to lay other electrical cables (not related to the electronic timing system) within ±2 m of the finish line.

25 (317) Results

25.1 (317.1) Calculation of results

25.1.1 (317.1.1) Results are obtained by calculating the difference between the finishing and starting times. When conducting multi-stage competitions, the actual time, bonus seconds and penalties from each stage are summed up.

25.1.2 (317.1.2) If several athletes undergo a photo finish at the same time, their arrival at the finish line is recorded in the order in which the toe of the boot is in front standing leg, each athlete crossed the vertical plane of the finish line.

25.1.3 If the results of two athletes coincide, they must take the same place in the results report, while the athlete with a lower starting number is placed first, the places following him are not taken.

25.2 (218, 317.2) Publication of results

25.2.1 (218.1) The unofficial and official results of each competition must be published in accordance with these Rules.

25.2.2 (218.1.1) Transmission of results During competitions of the 1st category, a direct connection must be ensured between the timing and the start and finish. The data center must have access to the Internet (at least an ADSL connection).

25.2.3 (218.2) All competition data and results may be used by the organizer and participants in their own publications, including websites. The use of data and results on the websites is subject to the terms and conditions set out in the Federation's Internet Policy ( this document located on the Federation website).

25.2.4 (317.2.1) Unofficial competition results must be posted on the official scoreboard as soon as possible, indicating the time of publication.

25.2.5 (317.2.2) The official results report must contain the final order of athletes, their RUS/FIS codes, start numbers, their times, their split times, competition points (in Category 1 competitions) and Federation ranking points. The style of movement is also indicated; number of athletes; the names of those athletes who started but did not finish; the names of all disqualified athletes; technical features of the route; distance length; HD; M.C.; TC; weather conditions, temperature data; composition of the Jury. Examples can be obtained from the Federation website or from the Federation office.

25.2.6 (317.2.4) The TD and the competition secretary sign the official score sheet, thereby certifying its accuracy.

PART 4. COMPETITION FORMATS

26 (321) Time trial competitions

26.1 (321.1) Definition
In time trial competitions, all athletes start at their designated time.

26.2 (321.2) Tracks and stadium

26.3 (321.3) Entries - Substitutions

26.3.1 (321.3.1) Replacement is possible in accordance with clause 21.3 of the PSLG.

26.3.2 (321.3.2) The starting position of the replacement athlete is determined by the Jury.

26.4 (321.4) Starting order and starting procedure

26.4.1 (321.4.1) The time trial procedure must be applied (Clause 23.2 of the PSLG)

26.5 (321.5) Timing and results

26.5.1 (321.5.1) If the times of two competitors coincide, they must be placed equally on the results list, with the athlete with the lower start number listed first (PSLG clause 5.2).

26.6 (321.6) Jury and protests

27 (322) Competitions with mass start

27.1 (322.1) Definition
In a mass start event, all athletes start at the same time and results are determined by the order in which they arrive at the finish line.

27.2 (322.2) Tracks and stadium

27.2.2 (322.2.2) There should be no areas on the course where there may be congestion of athletes.

27.2.3 (322.2.3) If ski changes are permitted, the stadium must be set up in such a way that athletes who are about to change skis will cover a longer distance than athletes who will not change skis.

27.3 (322.3) Entries - Substitutions

27.3.1 (322.3.1) Replacement is possible in accordance with clause 21.3 of the PSLG.

27.3.2 (322.3.2) The starting position of the replacement athlete is determined by the Jury in accordance with the procedure for determining the start list. The starting position of a participant is located between the starting positions of the participants starting before and after him.

27.3.3 (322.3.3) The competitor wears the start number of the athlete he is replacing.

27.3.4 (322.3.4) The original starting position is left empty.

27.4 (322.4) Starting order and starting procedure

27.4.1 (322.4.1) The mass start procedure must be applied (clause 23.3 of the PSLG).

27.5 (322.5) Timing and results

27.5.1 (322.5.1) For athletes who are a lap behind, PSLG 35.14 applies.

27.6 (322.6) Jury and protests
.

28 (323) Skiathlon

28.1 (323.1) Definition
Skiathlon is mixed competition with a classic style mass start in the first part of the competition followed by a mandatory change of skis in the pit boxes at the stadium, followed by the second part of the free style competition.

28.2 (323.2) Tracks and stadium

28.2.2 (323.2.2) Pit box area

28.2.2.1 (323.2.2.1) In the pit box area for changing equipment, running style is not controlled.

28.2.2.2 (323.2.2.2) The track along the pit boxes on the entry side must be at least 4 meters wide. The track along the boxes on the exit side must be at least 6 meters wide.

28.2.2.3 (323.2.2.3) Freestyle equipment must be placed in the appropriate box before the start of the mass start. It is prohibited to place any other equipment in the boxes.

28.2.2.4 (323.2.2.4) The replacement of equipment is carried out by the athlete himself without outside assistance inside his pit box. Replaced equipment must be left in the pit box until the athlete has completed the competition.

28.2.2.5 (323.2.2.5) Coaches and support staff must leave the pit box area to change equipment no later than 5 minutes before the start.

28.3 (323.3) Entries - Substitutions

28.3.1 (323.3.1) Replacement is possible in accordance with clause 21.3 of the PSLG.

28.3.2 (323.3.2) The starting position of the replacement athlete is determined by the Jury in accordance with the procedure for determining the start list. The starting position of a participant is located between the starting positions of the participants starting before and after him.

28.3.3 (323.3.3) The competitor wears the start number of the athlete he is replacing.

28.3.4 (323.3.4) The original starting position is left empty.

28.4 (323.4) Starting order and starting procedure

28.4.1 (323.4.1) The mass start procedure must be applied (clause 23.3 of the PSLG).

28.5 (323.5) Timing and results

28.5.1 (323.5.1) For athletes who are a lap behind, PSLG 35.14 applies.

28.6 (323.6) Jury and protests
There are no special rules.

29 (324) Pursuit

29.1 (324.1) Definition
The Pursuit is run as a mixed competition, where the starting times of athletes are determined by the results of previous competitions, and the final results are determined by the order of arrival at the finish line in the last competition.

29.2 (324.2) Tracks and stadium

29.3 (324.3) Applications - Substitutions

29.3.1 (324.3.1) In accordance with clause 21.3 of the PSLG, replacement is possible only up to the first part of the pursuit.

29.4 (324.4) Starting order and starting procedure

29.4.1 (324.4.1) The handicap starting procedure must be applied (Clause 23.4 of the PSLG).

29.5 (324.5) Timing and results

29.5.1 (324.5.1) Pursuit results are calculated by adding the final results (actual times) of the previous race without tenths of a second and the final results of the second race with tenths of a second. The position in the final protocol is determined by the finishing order.

29.5.2 (324.5.2) For athletes who are a lap behind, PSLG 35.14 applies.

29.5.3 (324.5.3) Depending on weather conditions, the Jury may postpone the start or cancel the competition. If the competition is cancelled, the results of the first part are considered final.

29.6 (324.6) Jury and protests
No special rules

30 (325) Individual sprint

30.1 (325.1) Definition
Individual sprint competitions begin with qualifications, which are held in a time trial format. After qualification, the selected athletes compete in the final part of the sprint, which takes place in the form of elimination races (sprint races).

30.2 (325.2) Tracks and stadium

30.2.2 (325.2.2) The same course must be used for the qualifying lap and the finals.

30.2.3 (325.2.3) Sections of the track must be long, straight and wide enough to allow overtaking.

30.3 (325.3) Entries - Substitutions

30.3.1 (325.3.1) Substitution is possible prior to qualification in accordance with paragraph 21.3 of the PSLG.

30.3.2 (325.3.2) The starting position of the replacement athlete is determined by the Jury.

30.4 (325.4) Starting order and starting procedure

30.4.1 (325.4.1) Qualification

30.4.1.1 (325.4.1.1) The time trial procedure must be applied (clause 23.2 of the PSLG). Start intervals can be 10, 15, 20 or 30 seconds.

30.4.1.2 (325.4.1.2) If athletes complete two laps, block time trials may be used.

30.4.1.3 (325.4.1.3) If the qualifying times of the athletes qualifying for the quarter-finals are the same, they will be placed according to their sprint competition points. In case of identical qualifying results, the maximum number of athletes selected for the final heats does not change (30/24/16).

30.4.2 (325.4.2) Final heats (quarter-finals, semi-finals and finals).

30.4.2.1 (325.4.2.1) The race start procedure (PSLG 23.5) must apply.

30.4.2.2 (325.4.2.2) At competitions of the 1st category, races of quarter-finals, semi-finals and finals A are held. Starting numbers are issued again from the first number. In other competitions the heats are determined by the Jury and a B final may be added.

30.4.2.3 (325.4.2.3) The starting positions of the athletes are determined as follows:
- Quarter-finals: qualifying time (place);
- Semi-finals: place in the quarter-finals and qualifying time;
- Finals: semi-final place and qualifying time.

30.4.2.4 (325.4.2.4) The distribution of athletes in the quarter-final heats is made in accordance with their qualifying places. Placements in subsequent races are also based on placings or results in previous races.

30.5 (325.5) Timing and results

30.5.1 (325.5.1) At competitions of the 1st category in qualifying races in the sprint and at the start of the races, the starting and finishing times are recorded with an accuracy of 1/1000, and the final result with an accuracy of 1/100. In other sprint competitions it is acceptable to record the time to the nearest 1/100th, but the final result must also be recorded to the nearest 1/100th.

30.5.2 (325.5.2) Qualification

30.5.2.1 (325.5.2.1) If the qualifying times of the athletes qualifying for the quarter-finals are the same, they will be placed according to their sprint competition points. Athletes with the same qualifying time who did not qualify for the finals will take the same places.

30.5.3 (325.5.3) Final heats

30.5.3.1 (325.5.3.1) Athletes who are tied in the quarter-finals or semi-finals (if there is no B-final) but do not qualify for the next final are placed on the results sheet according to their qualifying times.

30.5.3.2 (325.5.3.2) In a sprint with 30 athletes participating in the quarter-finals, the results report is compiled as follows:
Places from 31st to last: qualification results are used.
Places 26th to 30th: Athletes placed 6th in the quarter-finals are ranked according to their qualifying performance.
Places 21st to 25th: Athletes placed 5th in the quarter-finals are ranked according to their qualifying performance.
Places 16th/17th to 20th: Athletes placed 4th in the quarter-finals are ranked according to their qualifying performance (excluding those who qualified for the semi-finals).
Places 13th to 15th/16th: Athletes placed 3rd in the quarter-finals who did not qualify for the semi-finals are ranked according to their qualifying performance.
Places 7th to 12th: ranked according to finishing order in Final B; if Final B is not held, athletes will be ranked according to their performance in the semi-finals and qualifications.
Places 1st to 6th: ranked according to the order of finishing in Final A.

30.5.3.3 (325.5.3.3) In a sprint with 16 athletes participating in the quarter-finals, the results report is compiled as follows:
Places from 17th to last: qualification results are used.
Places 13th to 16th: Athletes placed 4th in the quarter-finals are ranked according to their qualifying performance.
Places 9th to 12th: Athletes finishing 3rd in the quarter-finals are ranked according to their qualifying performance.
Places 5th to 8th: ranked according to finishing order in Final B.
Places 1st to 4th: ranked according to finishing order in Final A.
In sprint finals with a different number of participants, the same principle is used.

30.5.3.4 (325.5.3.4) In the event of the same time shown in the quarter-finals or semi-finals, the athlete with best time ranks higher in qualifications. In the case of the same time shown in final A or final B, athletes occupy the same places in the results report.

30.5.3.5 (325.5.3.5) If an athlete does not start his heat or does not complete the entire course, he will be awarded last place among all participants in the race: final, semi-final or quarter-final (place 6, 12, 30 or 4, 8, 16).

30.5.3.6 (325.5.3.6) If an athlete does not complete a race due to force majeure, he will receive the last place in that race.

30.6 (325.6) Jury and protests

30.6.1 (325.6.1) In sprint races at Category 1 competitions, the unanimous decision of at least three members of the Jury (including the TD) is considered the decision of the Jury.

30.6.2 (325.6.2) Due to the tight timing of consecutive qualifying heats, protests during the quarter-finals and semi-finals will not be considered. Protests will only be considered after the finals.
When holding quarter-finals and semi-finals, clause 38.7 of the PSLG does not apply.

31 (326) Team sprint

31.1 (326.1) Definition
The team sprint is carried out as a relay race with the participation of two athletes who take turns replacing each other, running 3-6 laps each.

31.2 (326.2) Track and stadium

31.2.2 (326.2.2) Sections of the track must be long, straight and wide enough to allow overtaking.

31.2.3 (326.2.3) The ski preparation area must be located adjacent to the relay handover area. The jury determines the number of service personnel per team and regulates the use of lubrication tables.

31.3 (326.3) Applications - Substitutions

31.3.1 (326.3.1) No later than two hours before the meeting of team representatives, the list of athletes taking part in the competition must be submitted to the organizer.

31.3.2 (326.3.2) Replacement is possible in accordance with clause 21.3 of the PSLG.

31.3.3 (326.3.3) The replacement athlete must start on the same stage as the replaced athlete. The starting order in the team (by stages) cannot be changed.

31.3.4 (326.3.4) If a replacement athlete has been assigned to another team, the team from which the replacement originated will not be allowed to start.

31.3.5 (326.3.5) In the event of a substitution, the team loses its starting position and starts from the end of the court. The starting order at the end of the court is the same as the original starting order. The original starting positions are left empty.

31.4 (326.4) Starting order and starting procedure

31.4.1 (326.4.1) The mass start procedure must be applied (clause 23.3 of the PSLG).

31.4.2 (326.4.2) To qualify teams for the finals in the team sprint competition, 2 semi-finals are held (for example: A and B). The teams are distributed in the semi-finals as follows:
- the best team in terms of total points participates in semi-final A;
- the remaining teams are distributed in subsequent pairs in accordance with the points scored (for example, teams 2 and 3, teams 4 and 5, etc.) in the corresponding semi-finals.

31.4.3 (326.4.3) The number of teams in one semi-final heat cannot exceed 15. The number of teams in the final cannot exceed 10.

31.4.4 (326.4.4) The order of the semi-finals will be determined by drawing lots.

31.4.5 (326.4.5) Starting Positions for Semi-Finals: The team with the lowest total of sprint or distance points accumulated by team members will start number one. The team with the second lowest point total starts at number 2 and so on. If several teams have an equal number of total points, the team with the athlete with the fewest points starts first. If this is not enough to determine the starting order, a draw is made.

31.4.6 (326.4.6) Teams reaching the finals:
- if the time is not fixed in the semi-finals, 5 teams advance to the finals best teams from each semi-final;
- if the time in the semi-finals is fixed, the 2 best teams from each heat, as well as the next 6 best teams from among those who took places from 3rd to 8th, who showed the best time, advance to the final.

31.4.7 (326.4.7) Starting positions for the finals are allocated based on the results of the semi-finals (place then time).

31.5 (326.5) Timing and results

31.5.1 (326.5.1) At competitions of the 1st category in team semi-final and final sprint races, the starting and finishing times are recorded with an accuracy of 1/1000, and the final result with an accuracy of 1/100. In other sprint competitions it is acceptable to record the time to the nearest 1/100th, but the final result must also be recorded to the nearest 1/100th.

31.5.2 (326.5.2) For athletes who are a lap behind, PSLG 35.14 applies.

31.5.3 (326.5.3) Final results are published in accordance with the following rule.
In the final, the teams are ranked on the score sheet according to their placing.
If semi-final heats are used, teams that do not qualify for the final are ranked parallel on the results sheet for the remaining places.
For example, if 5 teams from each semi-final advance to the final, then the teams finishing 6th in each heat will be assigned 11th and 12th places according to their time in the semi-finals; 7th place teams in each heat will be awarded 13th and 14th place, etc.

31.6 (326.6) Jury and protests

31.6.1 (326.6.1) In a team sprint at a Category 1 competition, the unanimous decision of at least three members of the Jury (including the TD) is considered the decision of the Jury.

31.6.2 (326.6.2) Due to the tight timing of consecutive qualifying heats, protests during the semi-finals will not be considered. Protests will only be considered after the finals.

31.6.3 (326.6.3) When semi-finals are held, clause 38.7 of the PSLG does not apply.

32 (327) Relays

32.1 (327.1) Definition

32.1.1 (327.1.1) A team, according to the program, consists of three or four athletes, each of whom runs one stage. At competitions of the 1st category, the relay team consists of four athletes.

32.1.2 (327.1.2) At competitions of the 1st category, athletes pass the first two stages in a classical style on a classic track, and the next two stages in a free style on a freestyle track.

32.2 (327.2) Track and stadium

32.2.2 (327.2.2) The length of the first leg of the relay may differ from the length of the remaining legs by +/- 5% depending on the layout of the stadium.

32.3 (327.3) Applications - Substitutions

32.3.1 (327.3.1) No later than two hours before the meeting of team representatives, the list of athletes taking part in the competition must be submitted to the organizer.

32.3.2 (327.3.2) Replacement is possible in accordance with clause 21.3 of the PSLG.

32.3.3 (327.3.3) When an athlete is replaced, the starting order is not subject to change.

32.3.4 (327.3.4) If a replacement athlete has been assigned to another team, the team from which the replacement originated will not be allowed to start.

32.3.5 (327.3.5) That team's starting position on the grid remains the same.

32.4 (327.4) Starting order and starting procedure

32.4.1 (327.4.1) The mass start procedure must be applied (clause 23.3 of the PSLG).

32.4.2 (327.4.2) Starting order.
At competitions of the 1st category, the starting order is determined on the basis of the places taken in previous competitions of the 1st category of the same status. For those teams that do not have results in these competitions, a draw is held.

32.4.3 (327.4.4) Stages and number colors.
Start numbers of different colors should be used during relay stages. At competitions of the 1st category the following colors are used: 1st stage: red; Stage 2: green; 3rd stage: yellow, 4th stage: blue.

32.5 (327.5) Timing and results

32.5.1 (327.5.1) The time of each stage is recorded when the athlete crosses the line of the stage transfer zone. This time is the starting time of the next athlete.

32.5.2 (327.5.2) A team’s relay time is the time from the start time of the first athlete to the finish time of the last athlete. The order in which athletes finish the last leg of the relay determines the place in the final relay results list.

32.5.3 (327.5.3) For athletes who are a lap behind, PSLG 35.14 applies.

32.6 (327.6) Jury and protests
No special rules

PART 5. COMPETITIONS AND PARTICIPANTS

33 (341) Requirements for athletes

33.1 (341.1) Age categories

33.1.1 (341.1.1) The competition year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30 of the following year.

33.1.2 (341.1.2) Women and men of primary age must be at least 24 years of age during the calendar year (01/01 – 31/12). The right to participate in competitions comes into force at the beginning of the competition season (for example, for 2014 from July 1, 2013 onwards).
Juniors and Junior Women 21-23 years old must be no older than 23 years of age during the calendar year (01/01-31/12). Year of birth of juniors and juniors 21-23 years old, starting from 2014.
Juniors and Junior Women 19-20 years old must be no older than 20 years of age during the calendar year (01/01-31/12).
A participant in the Russian Ski Championships among juniors and junior women aged 19-20 must reach their 16th birthday before the end of the calendar year (from January 1 to December 31).

33.1.3 Dividing participants into groups by age and gender:

33.1.4 Girls and boys of younger, middle and older age, juniors and juniors 19 - 20 years old, juniors and juniors 21 - 23 years old can compete in older sports competitions age groups at the distances recommended for this group, unless otherwise specified.

33.1.5 To participate in sports competitions among women and men of the basic age (ChR, KR and other sports competitions of the 1st category), the age of the participant must be at least 16 years old:
- until the end of the calendar year (January 01 – December 31):
- CR 2013/14, participant 1998 and older;
- CR 2014/15, participant 1999 and older;
- CR 2015/16, participant 2000 and older.

34 (205) Rights and obligations of competition participants

34.1 (205.1) Competitors are required to know and follow these rules and any additional instructions from the Jury.

34.2 (205.2) Competitors are prohibited from using doping (see FIS Anti-Doping Rules and Procedural Guidelines).

34.3 (205.3) Competitors have the right to inform the Jury about their comments regarding the safety of training and competition tracks.

34.4 (205.4) Athletes who are absent from the awards ceremony for an unexcused reason will lose their right to a prize. In exceptional cases, an athlete may be represented by another member of his team, but he is not entitled to take a place on the podium.

34.5 (205.5) Athletes must behave correctly towards members of the Organizing Committee, competition officials, judges, volunteers, spectators and comply with the requirements of sports ethics.

35 (343) Responsibility of competition participants

35.1 (343.1) In all situations during training and competition, athletes must behave with due caution, taking into account course conditions, visibility and the possibility of crowding of other competitors.

35.2 (343.2) In all situations during training and competition, athletes must always ski in the direction of the competition course.

35.3 (343.3) Competitors must follow specific instructions from the Jury or Organizing Committee to ensure order on the course, stadium and team preparation area before, during and after the competition (course opening times, wearing bibs, training, ski testing, etc.). ).

35.4 (343.4) The competitor must arrive at the start and start at the appointed time.

35.5 (343.5) Athletes are required to wear transponders or GPS devices if they are used in competition.

35.6 (343.6) Athletes must complete the entire marked course from start to finish, including all checkpoints.

35.6.1 (343.6.1) If an athlete goes in the wrong direction or goes off the marked course, he must return to the point where the error was made. To do this, the athlete may move in the opposite direction from the correct direction of movement, while he bears full responsibility for not interfering with other competitors or endangering them. No fines will be assessed for making this error, provided that the athlete did not gain time/gain an advantage or interfere with other competitors.

35.7 (343.7) Athletes must cover the entire distance using their own skis. Leader assistance or pushing is prohibited.

35.8 (343.8) In classical style competitions, athletes must use only the classical style.

35.9 (343.9) Interference is prohibited in all competitions. Interference is considered to be intentional obstruction, blocking (when the athlete does not follow the optimal path), hitting or pushing any participant in the competition with any part of the body or ski equipment.

35.10 (343.10) Overtaking

35.10.1 (343.10.1) In time trial competitions, the overtaken athlete must yield the track on first demand.
The rule applies on classic-style tracks, even where there are two ski tracks, and on free-style tracks, when the overtaken athlete is forced to limit his movements.

35.10.2 (343.10.2) In all other competitions, athletes must not interfere with overtaking.
The responsibility for overtaking correctly without interference lies with the overtaking athlete. The overtaking athlete must place the heels of his skis in front of the toes of the overtaken athlete's skis before occupying the desired ski track.

35.11 (343.11) In areas with marked corridors, competitors must select a corridor and move within it. The participant is allowed to change corridors, adhering to clause 35.9 of the PSLG (with the exception of starting corridors, where participants are not allowed to change corridors).

35.12 (343.11) Replacement of equipment

35.12.1 (343.12.1) Substitutions of ski poles are permitted in all competitions.

35.12.2 (343.12.2) Skis may only be replaced if:
- breakage or damage to skis or bindings. The fact of equipment damage must be proven to the Jury after the competition.
- at competitions there must be pit boxes for changing equipment.

35.12.3 (343.12.3) If a ski change is required, the athlete must do so off-piste without assistance.

35.12.4 (343.12.4) In long distance races and skiathlons, athletes are permitted to change skis in the pit boxes one or more times. The maximum permitted number of ski changes is determined before the meeting of team representatives. This amount is determined by the length of the track and lap and should not exceed:
- 3 times at competitions with a course length of up to 30 km,
- 5 times in competitions with a course length of more than 30 km,
- 1 time in skiathlon.

35.12.5 (343.12.5) If pit boxes are provided for changing skis, overtaking in the pit box area is permitted only on the far side of the pit box.

35.12.6 (343.12.6) Rubbing, scraping or cleaning skis during competition is prohibited. Exception: in the classic style, athletes can clear snow and ice from their skis and lubricate them. Skiers are only allowed to take tools or materials, clean and lubricate skis off-piste and without assistance. Equipment, tools and materials are prohibited from being placed on or near the competition course.

35.13 (343.13) Transfer of the baton

35.13.1 (343.13.1) In team competitions, the transfer is carried out by touching the starting athlete of his team with the hand on any part of the body while both athletes are in the relay transfer zone. An athlete may only enter the transfer area when called upon. Pushing a starting athlete in any form is prohibited.

35.14 (343.14) Lap behind

35.14.1 (343.14.1) In pursuit, skiathlon, mass start races, team sprints and relays, athletes or teams who are a lap behind or who are ordered by competition officials must withdraw from the competition. In all types of competitions, athletes or teams are indicated in the final protocol (without time) in accordance with the position they occupied on the course at the last intermediate timing point.

35.14.2 (343.14.2) In relation to competitions of the 1st category, clause 35.14.1 of the PSLG applies.

35.14.3 (343.14.3) For other competitions, the Jury decides whether or not to apply PSLG clause 35.14.1.

35.14 (343.14) The use of wireless communication devices for communication between coaches and athletes or between athletes is prohibited.

35.15 (343.15) The athlete must obey the instructions of competition officials.

35.16 (343.16) The athlete is obliged to comply with all medical standards (clause 6 of the PSLG).

36 (344) Responsibilities of team representatives and staff, coaches, referees and other persons

36.1 Representatives and service personnel of teams, coaches and other persons are required to know and comply with these Rules, as well as the requirements of competition organizers, members of the Jury, and sports judges.

36.2 (344.1) If necessary, the Jury may give additional instructions before, during and after the competition to team representatives and staff, coaches, the press and other persons not participating in the competition, in order to ensure order in the stadium, on the track and in the team training area .

36.3 (344.2) To ensure order and control on the tracks, the following rules apply:
- during the period starting 5 minutes before the start and ending with the finish of the last participant, representatives and service personnel of teams, coaches, persons who are not participants in the competition, and other accredited persons do not have the right to ski on the track. During the competition, these persons must stand off the course without wearing skis;
- representatives and support staff of teams, coaches and other persons reporting intermediate results and other information to athletes do not have the right to run more than 30 meters next to the athletes;
- at this time, the judges must ensure that nothing interferes with the movement of the athletes;
- when handing food or drinks to an athlete, coaches must ensure that they do not interfere with the competitors; however, they must remain in place.

36.4 (344.3) For optimal television coverage of the competition, as well as for safety reasons, certain areas of the course may be closed to all persons other than athletes participating in the competition. On some sections of the course, before and during the competition, the Jury may allow athletes to test skis and warm up. Athletes and service personnel with special bib numbers may be allowed to ski on these sections of the route.

36.5 (344.4) Testing skis and warming up on the competition course is permitted only in the direction intended for the athletes to move along the course during the competition. Anyone testing skis on the piste must be concerned about the safety of others and the condition of the groomed piste. During competition or official training, ski testing on the course using electronic devices is prohibited.

36.6 (205.8) Tote.
Athletes, coaches, judges, representatives and team staff are prohibited from betting on the outcome of the competition.

37 (223) Sanctions

37.1 (223.1) General provisions

37.1.1 (223.1.1) Violations for which sanctions and penalties may be imposed:
- violation or non-compliance with the Competition Rules
- or failure to comply with the instructions of the Jury or its individual members (clause 38.2 of the PSLG)
- or unsportsmanlike behavior.

37.1.2 (223.1.2) Actions that may also be considered a violation:
- attempt to commit a violation;
- provoking other persons to commit a violation or assisting other persons in committing a violation;
- inciting others to commit a violation.

37.1.3 (223.1.3) In determining whether an action constitutes a violation, the following factors shall be considered:
- whether the action was intentional or unintentional;
- whether the action was caused by emergency circumstances.

37.1.4 (223.1.4) All competitors must accept and accept these Competition Rules and the penalties for violation of them, which are subject to the right of appeal in accordance with these rules and the International Competition Rules (ICR).

37.2 (223.2) Scope of application

37.2.1 (223.2.1) Sanctions apply:
- to all persons participating in the competition, located both in the competition area and in any area related to the competition;
- to all other persons (spectators, etc.) located in the competition area.

37.2.2 (200.6) Every sanction applied to an athlete, coach or official is recognized by the Federation or the organizing committee.

37.3 (223.3) Penalties

37.3.1 (223.3.1) The following measures may be taken against the person who committed the violation:
- written or oral warning;
- revocation of accreditation;
- refusal of accreditation;
- temporary fine;

37.3.1.1 (223.3.1.1) Regional branches of the Federation, accredited regional sports federations of cross-country skiing, heads of organizations of competition participants are responsible for strict compliance with the Federation Regulations regarding penalties imposed by the competition participant.

37.3.1.2 (223.3.1.2) Persons who are not subject to the provisions of paragraph 37.3.1.1 of the PSLG are also responsible to the competition organizers for compliance with the Federation Regulations in terms of penalties imposed.

37.3.1.3 The execution of the imposed penalties must be carried out before the start of the next type of program (competition).

37.3.2 (223.3.2) Additional measures may be taken for each competitor:
- disqualification;

- deprivation of prizes and awards;
- exclusion from participation in competitions.

37.3.3 (223.3.3) An athlete is disqualified only if his error resulted in an improvement in his final result, except in certain cases provided for in these Rules.

37.4 (223.4) The jury may apply penalties provided for in paragraphs 37.3.1 and 37.3.2 of the PSLG, but it does not have the right to impose penalties provided for in the Federation Regulations or prohibit the athlete from participating in other competitions.

37.5 (223.5) The following penalties may be announced orally:
- warning;
- revocation of accreditation from the current competition from persons registered by the organizers;
- refusal of accreditation for the current competition from persons located in the competition area or in other places associated with the competition.

37.6 (223.6) The following penalties shall be imposed in writing:
- disqualification;
- deterioration of the starting position;
- exclusion from participation in the competition;
- penalties provided for by the Federation Regulations.

37.7 (223.7) Decisions on penalties must be issued in writing to the offender, the regional branch of the Federation, or the accredited regional ski racing federation, or the head of the offender’s organization.

37.8 (223.8) All cases of disqualification must be included in the TD's report.

37.9 (223.9) All penalties imposed must be included in the TD's report.

38 (224) Procedural guidance

38.1 (224.1) Competence of the Jury
The Jury has the power at the competition site to impose the sanctions listed above by majority vote. In case of equality of votes, the Chairman of the Jury has the casting vote.

38.2 (224.2) In the competition area, especially during the training and competition period, each member of the Jury with voting rights is authorized to give verbal warnings and revoke accreditation for the current competition.

38.3 (224.3) Collective violations
If several persons have committed the same violation at the same time and under the same circumstances, the Jury will apply the same penalty to them. The written decision must indicate the names of all violators and the punishment for each of them. The decision must be communicated to each violator.

38.4 (224.4) Limitation
Sanctions are not applied to the violator if the punishment procedures were not initiated within 72 hours from the moment of the violation.

38.5 (224.5) Each person who witnesses the commission of a violation shall testify when required by the Jury, and the Jury shall consider all testimony of witnesses.

38.6 (224.6) The jury may confiscate items that may have been used in violation of the equipment rules.

38.7 (224.7) Before a penalty is imposed (except for a warning and revocation of accreditation in accordance with paragraphs 37.5, 38.2 of the PSLG), the person accused of the violation must have the opportunity to present oral or written arguments in his defense at the hearing of his case.

38.8 (224.8) All decisions of the Jury shall be made in writing and shall contain:

38.8.1 (224.8.1) a description of the violation committed;

38.8.2 (224.8.2) evidence of a violation;

38.8.4 (224.8.4) the penalty imposed.

38.8.5 (224.9) The penalty imposed must be commensurate with the level of the violation. When determining a sentence, the Jury must take into account all mitigating and aggravating circumstances.

39 (351) Athletes not allowed to start

39.1 Athletes not allowed to start
At any competition, a participant who:

39.1.1 (351.1) - wears clothing or equipment with obscene words and/or symbols (clause 2.7 of the PSLG) or demonstrates behavior unworthy of an athlete in the starting area (clause 34.5 of the PSLG);

39.1.2 (351.2) - violates these rules regarding inventory (clause 7 of the PSLG) and commercial markings (clause 3 of the PSLG);

39.1.3 (351.3) - refuses to undergo a prescribed medical examination (ICR clause 221.2).

39.1.4 (351.4) If it turns out that an athlete who has already started has violated the rules, the Jury is obliged to punish the athlete.

39.2 (352.1) Procedure for imposing sanctions
In case of violation of the rules, the members of the Jury must meet and decide on the application of one or another sanction, taking into account:
- specific circumstances;
- the advantage received by the athlete who violated the rule (clause 37.3.3 of the PSLG);
- Negative consequences for other competition participants;
- influence on the final result or intermediate results (sprint race or bonus sprints);
- the arguments of the athlete himself (clause 38.7 of the PSLG);
- level of competition;
- age and experience of competition participants;
- guidelines for the Jury published on the Federation website.

39.3 (352.2) Disqualification

39.3.1 (352.2.1) Disqualification applies only in cases of serious violations and violations that have a clear impact on the final result of the competition.

39.3.2 (352.2.2) In addition, an athlete is automatically disqualified if he:
- takes part in competitions on false grounds;
- threatens the safety of people or property or causes injury or damage;
- passes more than one stage in the relay (clause 32.1.1 of the PSLG).

39.3.3 (352.2.3) An athlete receiving a second written warning in the same competition season is automatically disqualified.

39.3.4 (352.2.4) In multi-stage competitions, an offense for which athletes would normally be disqualified may be replaced by a provisional penalty (PSLG 39.5.2). The choice in favor of disqualification or a temporary fine is made by the Jury.

39.3.5 (352.2.5) Following disqualification, the athlete's name will appear on the updated results sheet with the notation DQQ (disqualified) and no time specified.

39.3.6 (352.2.6) If an infraction in a sprint and team sprint results in the disqualification of an athlete and as a result of that infraction the other athlete (or team) is prevented from proceeding to another event, the Jury may allow that athlete (or team) to compete in the next event . In this case, that athlete or team will start from the least advantageous position.

39.4.1 (352.3.1) Suspension from competition is only applicable for violations of these rules during sprint races and intermediate finishes.

39.4.2 (352.3.2) In sprint competitions, disqualification from the competition means that the athlete will qualify for the last place in the heat and stage standings (6th place in the final, 12th place in the semi-finals and 30th place in the quarter-finals) .

39.4.3 (352.3.3) In mass start or skiathlon competitions, disqualification from the competition means that any bonus points accumulated for intermediate finishes will be forfeited.

39.5 (352.4) Time penalty

39.5.1 (352.4.1) A time penalty will be added for an early start.

39.5.1.1 (352.4.1.1) In time trials or sprint qualifying, an early start will incur a time penalty of at least 15 seconds (the athlete's actual time + a time penalty of at least 15 seconds).

39.5.1.2 (352.4.1.2) In competitions with a handicap start, a time penalty equal to the time won (planned start time minus actual start time) + a time penalty of at least 30 seconds will be added to the athletes for an early start.

39.5.2 (352.4.2) In multi-stage competitions, the Jury may decide to replace the disqualification with a temporary penalty of 3 minutes (see paragraph 39.3.4).

39.6 (352.5) ​​Written warning

39.6.1 (352.5.1) A written warning must be given for all rule violations that do not result in a clear advantage for the athlete.

39.7 (352.6) Verbal warning
A verbal warning is used only to inform the athlete that his style of movement or behavior borders on a violation of the rules.

39.8 (352.7) Penalties

39.8.1 (352.7.1) Penalties may be imposed on any accredited person.

39.8.2 (352.7.2) Penalties are provided for violations of advertising and commercial labeling rules, for minor violations of discipline on the course, as well as for failure to comply with ski testing and warm-up restrictions.

39.8.3 (352.7.3) Athletes may receive a written warning in addition to penalties.

40 (361) Protests

40.1 (361.1) Types of protests

40.1.1 (361.1.1) Against the admission of competitors or their sports equipment.

40.1.2 (361.1.2) Against the course or its condition.

40.1.3 (361.1.3) Against another competitor or competition official.

40.1.4 (361.1.4) Against timing results.

40.1.5 (361.1.5) Against the decisions of the Jury. Also see exceptions in clauses 30.6.2 and 31.6.2 of the PSLA.

40.1.6 (361.1.6) Against clerical errors or violations of these rules after the competition.

40.2 (361.2) Place of reception of protests
Various protests are accepted as follows:

40.2.1 (361.2.1) protests in accordance with clauses 18-36.5 of the PSLG - at the place indicated on the official information board or announced at a meeting of team representatives;

40.2.2 (361.2.2) protests regarding clerical errors or violations of these rules after the competition are sent to the Federation office by registered mail through its regional branch of the Federation or the accredited regional cross-country sports federation (for competitions of the 1st category) or to the organizing committee of the competition (for other competitions) within one month after the competition.

40.3 (361.3) Deadlines for receiving protests

40.3.1 (361.3.1) Against the admission of a competitor
- before the draw.

40.3.2 (361.3.2) Against the course or its condition
– within 15 minutes after the end of the official training.

40.3.3 (361.3.3) Against another competitor, his equipment or against an official in cases of their improper behavior during the competition

40.3.4 (361.3.4) Against timing results
– within 15 minutes after the publication of the unofficial results report.

40.3.5 (361.3.5) Against Jury decisions that are not sanctions
– within 15 minutes after the publication of the unofficial results report.

40.3.6 (361.3.6) Against clerical errors or violations of these rules after the competition
– within a month after the competition.

40.4 (361.4) Form of protests

40.4.1 (361.4.1) Protests will be accepted in writing.

40.4.2 (361.4.2) Protests must be justified in detail. Evidence must be provided, as well as any testimony.

40.4.3 When filing a protest, a procedure approved by the Federation Regulations is provided.

40.4.4 (361.4.4) A protest may be withdrawn by the protesting party prior to publication of the Jury's decision. In this case, clause 40.4.3 of the PSLG does not apply.

40.4.5 (361.4.5) A protest submitted at the wrong time or in violation of clause 40.4.3 of the PSLG will not be considered.

40.5 (361.5) Filing a protest
A protest may only be submitted:
- regional branches of the Federation or accredited regional sports federations of cross-country skiing;
- team representatives.

40.6 (361.6) Procedure for considering protests by the Jury

40.6.1 (361.6.1) The Jury shall meet to hear protests at a specified place and time, which it shall announce in advance.

40.6.2 (361.6.2) Only members of the Jury are allowed to vote on a protest. The TD manages the protest review process. A protocol of the protest consideration must be kept and signed by all members of the Jury. A decision requires a majority vote of all voting members of the Jury, not just the members present. In case of an equal number of votes, the TD's vote is decisive.
The principle of free consideration of all facts is observed. The rules on which a decision is made must be applied and interpreted in a manner that ensures a fair consideration of all the circumstances of the case.

40.6.3 (361.6.3) The decision shall be published on the official notice board immediately after consideration of the protest, indicating the time of publication.

41 (362) Appeal

41.1 (362.1.1) An appeal may be made:
- against all decisions of the Jury (see also paragraph 41.2 of the PSLG);
- against the official protocol of results. This appeal can only be made in respect of obvious and proven errors in calculations.

41.1.2 (224.10.1) The Jury's decision on a penalty may be appealed in accordance with these rules (except as provided in Section 41.2 of the PSLG).

41.2 (224.11) An appeal cannot be made against the following decisions of the Jury:

41.2.1 (224.11.1) penalties imposed orally in accordance with paragraphs 37.5 and 38.2 of the PSLA;

41.2.2 (224.11.2) penalties provided for by the Federation Regulations.

41.2.3 (224.12) In all other cases, appeals must be directed to the Appeals Committee.

41.2.4 (224.13) The Jury has the right to submit to the Appeal Commission its recommendations regarding violations that provide for penalties provided for in the Federation Regulations and exclusion from participation in subsequent competitions (clause 37.4 of the PSLG).

41.2.5 (224.14) The governing body of the Federation has the right to make comments to the Appeal Committee regarding any written decisions of the Jury on penalties.

41.3(224.15) Proceedings Procedures
All proceedings are carried out in accordance with the Federation Regulations.

41.4 (224.16) Procedure for supervision of proceedings
The procedure for supervising the proceedings is carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Federation.

41.4.1 (362.1.2) An appeal to the Federation must be made by the regional branch of the Federation or the accredited regional cross-country skiing federation.

41.5 (362.1.3) Filing deadlines

41.5.1 (362.1.3.1) Appeals against decisions of the Jury must be made within 48 hours of the publication of the official results of the competition.

41.5.2 (362.1.3.2) Appeals against official results must be made within 30 days, including the day of competition.

41.5.3 (224.10.2) If an appeal is not filed within the time limit specified in these rules, the decision of the Jury shall be final.

41.5.4 (362.1.4) The decision on an appeal shall be made:
– by the Appeals Commission;
or
– Committee on Rules, Homologation and Control.

41.5.5 (225.3.1) A decision on an appeal must be made within 72 hours of receipt of the appeal by the chairman, unless all parties concerned have agreed in writing to an extension of the hearing period.

41.5.6 (225.3.2) All appeals and decisions thereon must be submitted in writing, including evidence presented in support or rebuttal of the appeal.

41.6 (362.2) Delay effect
The evidence provided (protest, appeal) cannot be the reason for postponing the consideration of the appeal.

41.7 (362.3) Filing an appeal
The appeal must be submitted in writing and must be justified, i.e. include all evidence and testimony. Testimony submitted late must be rejected by the Federation (see paragraph 41.5.5 of the PSLG). An appeal is filed in accordance with the Federation Regulations.

The competition rules are approved by the International Ski Racing Association. Tournament organizers have the right to determine suitable disciplines and make other amendments that do not contradict the basic rules.

Route requirements

A cross-country skiing track is a specially defined area of ​​terrain that is prepared accordingly and has a width of three or more meters, which allows the passage of special equipment for compacting snow and laying ski tracks.

As the official rules state, cross-country skiing is held on tracks, which for this sport must be located in such a way that there is an objective possibility of assessing technical, tactical and speed training skiers.

The difficulty coefficient of the competition should be selected depending on the level of the competition, age category and skills of the participants.

The route has turns, descents, ascents, sections passing through the forest, as well as other features to avoid monotony. All natural obstacles should be in harmony on the track and not disrupt the overall rhythm of the race.

Downhill areas are arranged so that skiers can overtake, and athletes with different speeds can pass through sections without interfering with each other.

Starting position

In the sport in question, several types of starts are used:

• Personal (at 30 second intervals);
• Group;
• General.

The procedure for notifying the start of the start is as follows:

1. The start judge gives the command “Attention” 10 seconds before;
2. After 5 seconds it starts counting down;
3. At its end, the command “Start” or “March” follows;
4. In the case of electronic timing, a signal sounds synchronously with the start command;
5. The clock counting the starting seconds must be placed in good visibility for the athletes.

The skier should position himself at the starting position as follows:

• The skier’s feet are in front of the starting line, the participant himself remains motionless until the command “March”;
• The poles are installed statically in front of the starting line.

In case of a false start and the time is counted manually, the skier who was at fault returns to his place, the countdown begins again, and the start time is considered to be the data specified in the protocol.

Fixing the start time by electronic means allows the athlete to start within three seconds before and after the signal. An earlier movement is considered a false start. The skier returns to the starting position, crosses the line located behind the electronic gate and tries again. If a late start occurs three seconds after the signal, the time is recorded in a protocol manner. A participant who delays his own start does not have the right to match time with other athletes.

If the jury's opinion is that the start violation was influenced by uncontrollable forces, the actual starting time may be counted.

The general start is the position from which the highest ranked athlete leaves first. The remaining participants start in descending order of ranking positions.

Finish Features

The front of the skier's foot crossing the finish line determines the time to complete the distance.

The electronic timing system records the finish when the contact of the electronic chronometer is interrupted. The photocell should be placed 250 mm above the snow level.

Most cross-country skiing events use a photo finish. It consists of a pair of video cameras, one of which is located at the edge of the finish line, the second is placed at a certain angle in front of the participant. Sometimes an additional camera is used to record the finishing numbers of athletes. This approach helps to avoid misunderstandings in the event that several athletes finish the race almost simultaneously.

If several skiers cross the finish line with photo recording synchronously, the time is determined in the sequence in which the feet of the participants' front legs overcome the vertical line of the finish line, the width of which should not be more than 100 mm.

Walking the distance

The rules of cross-country skiing stipulate that when covering a distance, a skier is prohibited from using other devices for movement, except skis and poles.

The athlete must adhere to the intended route and go through all checkpoints. A skier is prohibited from shortening the race distance by taking shortcuts. You must not enter the middle of the turning arc if there are such markings at the turns of the route.

If marking of skis is provided, the entire route must be covered with equipment under one marking (changing skis is prohibited).

It is prohibited to accompany an athlete from the front, behind or from the side as he passes the course.

A skier who violates the rules while covering a distance is removed from that particular course. It is unacceptable for an athlete to receive any assistance not provided for by the current rules.

Ski race.

Main types and rules of cross-country skiing competitions:

Competitions with general start (mass start)

Pursuit racing (Pursuit, Gundersen system)

Relay races

Individual Sprint

Team sprint

Time trial competitions

In a time trial, athletes start at a certain interval in a certain sequence. As a rule, the interval is 30 seconds (less often - 15 seconds, 1 minute). The sequence is determined by drawing lots or current situation athlete in the ranking (the strongest start last). Pair time trials are possible. The final result of the athlete is calculated using the formula “finish time” minus “start time”.

Mass start competition

In a mass start, all athletes start at the same time. At the same time, athletes with best rating occupy the most advantageous places at the start. The final result coincides with the athlete’s finishing time.

Pursuit racing

Pursuit races are combined competitions consisting of several stages. In this case, the starting position of athletes at all stages (except the first) is determined based on the results of previous stages. As a rule, in cross-country skiing, the pursuit takes place in two stages, one of which athletes run in the classic style, and the other in the free style.

Pursuit races with a break are held over two days, less often - with an interval of several hours. The first race usually takes place with a time trial. Based on its final results, the gap from the leader for each participant is determined. The second race is run with a handicap equal to this gap. The winner of the first race starts first. The final result of the pursuit race coincides with the finishing time of the second race.

Pursuit without a break (duathlon) begins with a common start. After covering the first half of the distance with one style, athletes change skis in a specially equipped area and immediately overcome the second half of the distance with a different style. The final result of the pursuit race without a break coincides with the athlete’s finishing time.

Relay races

Teams consisting of four athletes (less often three) compete in relay races. Ski relay races consist of four stages (less often - three), of which stages 1 and 2 are run in the classical style, and stages 3 and 4 in the free style. The relay begins with a mass start, while the most advantageous places at the start are determined by drawing lots or they are given to the teams that take the most high places at previous similar competitions. The relay is transferred by touching the palm of any part of the body of the starting athlete of his team, while both athletes are in the relay transfer zone. The final result of the relay team is calculated using the formula “finishing time of the last team member” minus “starting time of the first team member.”

Individual Sprint

Individual sprint competitions begin with a qualification (prologue), which is organized in a time trial format. After qualification, the selected athletes compete in the sprint finals, which are held in the form of races of different formats with a mass start, the mass start consists of four people (varies). The number of athletes selected for the final races does not exceed 30. First, the quarter-finals are held, then the semi-finals and finally the A final. The table of final results of the individual sprint is formed in the following order: results of the final A, semi-final participants, quarter-final participants, unqualified participants.

Team sprint

The team sprint is conducted as a relay race with teams consisting of two athletes who take turns replacing each other, running 3-6 laps of the track each. When enough large number of the declared teams, two semi-finals are held, from which an equal number of the best teams are selected for the final. The team sprint begins with a mass start. The final result of the team sprint is calculated according to the relay rules.

Place of the sport in various classifications:

According to the qualifications of L.P. Matveev, based on the subject of the competition and the nature of motor activity, cross-country skiing belongs to the first of six groups. This is a sport characterized by active motor activity with the utmost manifestation of physical and mental qualities. Sports achivments in this form depend on the athlete’s own motor capabilities.

According to the form of competitive interactions in the qualifications of T. T. Dzhamgarov in the confrontation between opponents, ski racing belongs to the direct conditional physical contact. According to the nature of the interaction of partners, jointly individual actions.

In the classification of A.Ts. Puni cross-country skiing occupies the first group as a cyclic sport.

According to the classification of L.K. Serova ski racing is a record sport.

Also, sports can be divided according to the nature of their impact on the ligamentous-muscular and osteoarticular apparatus of the athlete, according to the degree of participation of certain muscle groups in the work and the characteristics of the sports working posture when performing specific tasks. physical exercise selected sport into three groups: symmetrical, asymmetrical and mixed sports. In this case, we will classify cross-country skiing as a symmetrical activity in which the right and left halves of the athlete’s body perform the same movements or actions simultaneously or alternately. In this case, the athlete’s spine occupies a strictly median position, the athlete’s body is in stable balance in the frontal plane. Muscles of the trunk, abdominals and limbs receive uniform physical activity

Requirements for psychomotor and mental processes:

In practice physical education and sports, it is customary to distinguish the following main motor qualities: speed, agility, strength, flexibility and endurance. Anything can be considered a skier's qualities, but mostly endurance. Endurance reflects a person's ability to perform work of a certain intensity without reducing its effectiveness for a long time. Depending on the conditions of manifestation, several types of endurance are distinguished: speed (the ability to maintain high speed of movement for a long time), strength (long-term maintenance of great physical stress), static (long-term maintenance of a certain muscle tension in the absence of movement) and others. Speed-strength endurance is most important. According to another classification, general and special endurance are distinguished. The first refers to the ability to perform for a long time the required level of any generally accessible work (walking, running, swimming). Especially high level Skiers, cyclists, and long-distance runners have general endurance - that is, those athletes whose training involves long-term loads. Special endurance refers to a person's ability to perform certain specific movements at high intensity for a long time without reducing the intensity itself. Thus, any of the highly qualified athletes in their type of activity has high special endurance. There is no direct relationship between general and special endurance, although having a higher general endurance other things being equal, it also has more pronounced special endurance.

The specialized sensations and perceptions of a skier-racer include the feeling of skis and snow, and the nuances also depend on the profile of the route, the weather, the intended race tactics, and the situation developing during the race.

Courage, determination and confidence in their abilities - the most important qualities that a ski racer needs when overcoming difficult trails during training and competitions, especially on slopes covered at high speed with sharp turns. It is very important to cultivate these qualities as much as possible. early age, from the first years of training in the school skiing section. Naturally, when cultivating these qualities, one cannot limit oneself only to training sessions in the section. This is carried out during all lessons on ski training and other sports.

The characteristic training and competitive qualities and difficulties of a skier include various factors - low temperatures, difficult terrain, poor gliding, large loads in volume and intensity. Overcoming these difficulties already contributes to the development of strong-willed qualities. During training and competitions, a skier needs to demonstrate qualities that largely solve the problem of increasing performance and achieving high sports results. This is, first of all, perseverance and perseverance in overcoming difficulties and achieving a set goal, the ability to exert maximum stress, courage and determination, self-confidence, etc. Perseverance and tenacity in overcoming difficulties and achieving the set goal is an important and integral part of volitional training. During training sessions and competitions, young skiers constantly have to overcome difficulties of various kinds - objective and subjective. This is carrying out a large training load, despite increasing fatigue, moving in unfavorable weather and sliding conditions, overcoming feelings of fear and uncertainty during difficult descents at high speed, painful experience of one’s failures, and lack of confidence in one’s abilities when participating in competitions. In addition to other methods for developing volitional qualities, the competitive method is widely used when performing exercises and various tasks. For this purpose, the training session includes exercises that require maximum concentration of effort to achieve the goal. At the same time, such exercises-tasks increase the emotional background of the lesson and facilitate the completion of a larger volume of training with less psychological overload. At the same time, participation in competitions at various distances is one of the most important means of developing strong-willed qualities when fighting for victory, and in case of failure it will give a powerful impetus for further preparation. It is rare to find athletes who do not seek revenge and accept defeat. To develop strong-willed qualities, it is necessary to use exercises or tasks that require full mobilization of forces to achieve the goal. If the exercise and load (in terms of volume, intensity of coordination and psychological tension) become habitual, their influence on the development of volitional qualities is significantly reduced.

The main reasons for technical and tactical errors are physical and psychological fatigue, irrational distribution of forces on the slope, and poor preparation of ski equipment.

It is known that skiers are in different emotional states before the start of competitions. Currently, 3 types of pre-launch state can be distinguished:

Alert. It is characterized by the skier’s active desire to fight on the track, self-confidence, concentration, attention and sharpening of the processes of perception of the environment, a clear understanding of the goals and objectives of the upcoming competition.

The state of starting fever. When observing a skier in this state, attention is drawn to excessive excitement before the start, absent-mindedness, excessive fussiness and excitability, an inappropriately violent reaction to ordinary external stimuli and the situation before the start, unstable mood, loss of control over one’s actions and actions, etc. .

State of initial apathy. In this state, the skier is usually passive, lethargic and indifferent to the competition itself and to the final result. He has no desire to start and fight at a distance, in addition, he is in a bad mood.

The degree of manifestation of a particular starting state can be different, greater or lesser. At the same time, the timing of their manifestation can also be different - from several minutes to several days before the start. In boys and girls, the starting state is usually more pronounced.

The environment directly on the day of the competition and at the start site (the opening ceremony, the colorful design of the start and finish, the presence and behavior of spectators and other skiers, etc.) has a certain influence on the starting state. The state of starting fever and starting apathy are close in their negative impact on the functional state of the body as a whole and on individual characteristics, in particular, movement technique, performance, as well as on the final result of the competition.

As a rule, positive results come from distracting athletes from thoughts about upcoming competitions, hobbies - reading books, visiting theaters, art galleries, watching films, playing music, etc.

Autogenic training can also have a positive effect on the regulation of the pre-start state. However, skiers must master autogenic training techniques in advance under the guidance of a coach.

One of the means that has a positive effect on the emotional state of an athlete before a race is massage. Massage should only be performed by a specialist who is well aware of its effects. The nature of the massage (duration, techniques, intensity, etc.) must strictly correspond to the skier’s condition and the assigned tasks, otherwise the massage can only aggravate the condition and lead to negative results.

Voluntary regulation of breathing can have a positive effect on the emotional state of an athlete.

Warming up before a start can be used not only to prepare the body, but also to regulate the pre-start state of the skier. Exercises and movements on skis of different intensity and duration, their various combinations can significantly change the emotional state of a skier-racer. In the event that pre-race fever is observed to a greater or lesser extent, it is necessary to warm up with less intensity, in the form of a calm, but longer skiing. It is better to do this away from the starting town and spectators in order to avoid the additional stimulating influence of these factors. Warm-up time depends on the individual characteristics of the skier and the level of excitement. In this case, control over the skier’s condition is carried out using objective indicators: breathing rate and heart rate. It is also necessary to take into account the subjective factor - the athlete’s well-being. In case of initial apathy, skiers, on the contrary, spend more intense warm-up, performing several short accelerations. All this increases excitability, improves mood and relieves apathy. Warming up before a start, taking into account the emotional state, is a purely individual matter and skiers should learn to do it during training and before low-responsibility competitions. To normalize the mental state, various psychological methods and techniques are used, which are divided into operational and preventive. Surgical methods are used immediately before a performance or in case of pronounced adverse reactions a few days before the competition. Preventive methods have the goal of maintaining neuropsychic freshness at the time of competition and can be used at all stages of preparation. Various methods of rational psychotherapy, coming from a coach or another person, are persuasion, explanation, reproach, conversation on an abstract topic, etc. Self-regulation techniques are also used. All these techniques can be divided into several groups.

First aimed at eliminating external signs of emotional tension. This is achieved by developing in athletes conscious control over their emotional state and external signs of its manifestation through voluntary delay of expressive actions characteristic of emotional experiences, special physical exercises and their combination with breathing exercises.

Second is aimed at distracting the athlete’s consciousness from obsessive thoughts. This is achieved by focusing attention not on the outcome of the competition, but on those technical and tactical techniques that the athlete intends to use in it.

Third covers techniques with which an athlete influences himself: self-persuasion, self-order, self-soothing, self-review and various self-hypnosis.

Capacity for maximum stress is a manifestation of the strong-willed capabilities of ski racers and largely determines the final sports result. However, a skier’s capabilities are not always fully demonstrated under normal training conditions or at low-responsibility competitions. A powerful incentive for the manifestation of maximum volitional qualities can be setting a high goal, which is quite feasible with the concentration of physical and volitional capabilities. As a rule, this occurs with great responsibility to the team, in specific competitions, or when victory gives the athlete the opportunity to get to major competitions (national championship, international competitions etc.) or as part of a national team (region, country), not to mention winning major international tournaments, where athletes mobilize all their capabilities.

Of the four types of temperament, a skier is suitable phlegmatic person- more than calm, one might even say a little slow. Phlegmatic people are quite hardy, so sports associated with this particular quality are suitable for them. The formed skills and habits are very durable and conservative. Such athletes are very efficient and resistant to external stimuli, prefer calm, monotonous exercises, are prone to long and thorough development of the technique of individual exercises, and painstaking work to develop any quality.

It is absolutely necessary for the coach to maintain constant contact with the parents of young skiers and with the teaching staff of the school where the student is constantly studying. It is very important that not a single case of violation of discipline goes unnoticed. This does not mean that for any unseemly act or violation of discipline it is necessary to immediately apply methods of punishment. An individual approach to young skiers is very important here: it is enough for someone to make a remark (individually, or maybe in front of a group); for another it may be sufficient only to let him know that his violation has been noticed; in some cases, a more serious punishment is possible - removal from class or even expulsion from the section. Punishment should always correspond to the degree of violation of discipline.

At the same time, when instilling discipline (as, indeed, other moral and volitional qualities), it is very important for the teacher-trainer to have a deep knowledge of the psychological characteristics of his students, their inclinations and hobbies, academic performance, behavior at school and at home, and other qualities. Education always requires an individual approach. However, the teacher-trainer must himself be a model of discipline, since in this case, personal example plays a very important role.

Skiing lessons take place in a rather difficult environment for the teacher (on rough terrain, in the forest, field, mountains), under frequently changing and not always favorable meteorological conditions. Added to this is the almost constant presence of the group and the teacher in motion, the stretched nature of the group of students when explaining exercises, the difficulty of individualizing classes, etc. All this requires the teacher to have general pedagogical and skiing-specific knowledge, pedagogical skills and organizational and methodological skills.

A ski coach must not only conduct educational and training sessions, but also carry out political and educational work, as well as improve his qualifications in the theory, methodology and practice of skiing and his ideological, political and general cultural level.

The coach must be able to determine sports uniform and the general condition of the athlete not only according to data medical supervision, but also guided by external signs: muscle condition, complexion, well-being and mood. When improving the technique of his students, the Coach must be able to see the movements being performed and notice mistakes, especially the main ones that interfere with the correct development of sports technique. Finding an error and explaining why and how it interferes means ensuring the success of improving technology. Most typical errors you need to briefly discuss it with the whole group, while avoiding ridicule and caustic jokes addressed to those who make mistakes. Undesirable experiences, noticed in time by an experienced teacher, can be completely eliminated with the correct response to them. At the right moment, you should raise the students’ cheerfulness, “ignite sports anger,” and, if necessary, reduce excessive ardor.

The coach should not fuss, get excited, angry and nervous, no matter what problems arise, as this only worsens the situation and negatively affects the mood of the skiers. Great importance has timely encouragement to students. If a skier, diligently studying an exercise, has not yet mastered the correct form of performing it and asks the teacher to evaluate how he performs the movement, he should not embarrass him by sharply pointing out his mistakes. On the contrary, it is necessary to indicate that the exercise is performed mostly satisfactorily, but certain positions or movements still need to be refined, indicate the right way study this exercise. A sharp negative assessment often kills a skier’s initiative and desire to actively study sports equipment. At the same time, one should not unduly praise and encourage those involved for any reason and without a purpose; you need to know where, who, how and in what cases to praise. The coach must constantly teach his students to be neat, monitor their posture and alignment so that they always have a fit appearance. The culture of the coach's language is of great importance. The teacher's cheerful, cheerful mood always enlivens the lesson and makes it more interesting.

Bibliography:

http://www.drmed.ru/s.

http://medbookaide.ru/books/

http://www.fizkult-ura.ru/

http://www.sports.ru/

Butin I.M. skiing: Textbook. aid for students higher ped. textbook establishments. - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2000. - 368 p.

National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after. P. F. Lesgaft.

Department of Psychology.

Psychosportogram.

Completed by: student of group 201

coaching faculty

Novoselova Anastasia.

Classic style Technique of alternating and simultaneous moves, herringbone lift without a sliding phase, technique of descents and turns. Skating is not allowed. The turning technique involves steps and pushes to change direction. Performing a turn with a skating push-off is prohibited both with and without a cut ski track. The same rule applies to athletes walking on a turn without a cut ski track.

Course markings Course markings should be such that the athlete is in no doubt where to go next Kilometer markers should indicate the total distance covered on the course Forks and intersections on the course should be clearly marked and unused parts of the course should be fenced off

information Near the stadium there should be a board showing the temperature of the snow and air. These temperatures must be displayed 2 hours before the start, one hour before the start, half an hour before the start, during the start, half an hour after the start and one hour after the start. Temperature measurements must be carried out in the stadium and in areas of the track where extreme temperatures can be expected (low points, high points, windy, shady or sunny locations) Scoreboards should be used to display intermediate and unofficial results

Participants The Organizing Committee must receive a complete and final list of participants in the competition no later than 24 hours before the start of the first draw. It is prohibited to enter one athlete for more than one competition during the day. The distribution of competition participants into groups cannot change during the draw. Starting numbers within each group are determined by drawing of lots All competition participants must be insured against accidents

Substitutes and late participants In competitions of the 2nd and 3rd categories, replacement is possible no later than 2 hours before the start. The starting position of the athlete after replacement is determined in a race with a general start at the end of the starting list of all participants, for a separate start - determined by the jury. In this case, the athlete puts on the start number of the person he is replacing. The jury may give permission to a late participant to start if there is a good reason. The starting time of participants admitted to the start cannot be set with any advantage over other participants. If two or more latecomers start, their numbers will be determined by drawing lots.

Drawing The drawing of lots can be carried out manually or computer-based. The drawing of lots by hand is carried out in groups using participant cards, using a random selection method. The drawing of lots using a computer can be used if there is a special program. The correctness of the drawing using a computer must be controlled by a member of the jury. The computer method requires that the names of the athletes and start groups were entered into the computer in advance

Split Start Split start (usually 30 sec intervals), the TD may approve the use of shorter or longer intervals to create the fairest conditions for all competitors. The starter gives a warning: “Attention” 10 sec before the start. 5 seconds before the start, he begins the countdown: “5 -4 -3 -2 -1”, followed by the starting signal “March”. If electronic timing is used, an electronic signal sounds simultaneously with the start command. The start clock must be positioned so that the athlete can clearly see it. The athlete must place his feet in front of the start line and remain stationary until the start command is received. The poles must be stationary in front of the starting line and/or in front of the starting gate.

Start time violation If the time is recorded manually, the athlete who started early must be brought back to start again from the start line. In this case, his starting time is considered to be the time specified in the start protocol. If the time is recorded by electronic means, the athlete can start at any time within 3 s before the start signal and 3 s after it. If he starts earlier than 3 seconds before the start, it is considered a false start. In this case, the athlete returns back, after which he must cross the extension of the starting line located outside the electronic starting gate. If an athlete starts later than 3 seconds after the start signal, the time from the start protocol is counted. An athlete who delays his start must not overlap in time with other athletes. If the jury considers that the delay in the start is caused by force majeure, the actual start time may be counted time when using both manual and electronic timing

General start The mass start is organized using an angled starting line (arrow-shaped). This means that the athlete with starting number 1 is in the most advantageous starting position, followed by the athlete with number 2, etc. All participants are located at a certain distance from each other. The first number is in the middle position, even numbers are on the right, and odd numbers are on the left. The ski track numbering is located on the right or in the middle. Starting procedures for the general start begin two minutes before the start signal. The last instruction invites athletes to take their positions at the start and announces “one minute until the start”. The next command is "30 seconds to start". When all athletes remain stationary and in their positions, the starting command, shot or signal follows. The starter must take a position so that all starters can clearly hear the starting signal, but cannot see the starter. In case of a false start, the assistant starter, standing 100 m after the starting line, reacts to the starter’s signal, blocking the athletes’ path, after which the starter prepares a new start

RELAY Mass start procedure must be applied. At Category 1 competitions, the starting order is determined based on the placings of previous Category 1 competitions of similar status. For those teams that do not have results in these competitions, a draw is held. The relay handover area is a rectangle of sufficient length (about 30 m), wide enough, well marked, fenced, placed on a flat surface or a surface with a slight rise, located near the start and finish. different stages relay races should use starting numbers of different colors: 1st stage - red; Stage 2 - green; 3rd stage - yellow, 4th stage - blue Submission of an application to the chief secretary no later than 2 hours before the start, a list of athletes with their starting order (by stages) is submitted, which cannot be changed later. After this time, replacement can only be made in case of force majeure.

Transfer of the relay is carried out by touching with the palm of your hand any part of the body of the starting athlete of your team, while both athletes are in the relay transfer zone. In case of violation of the rules for handing over the relay, both athletes return to the area where the correct handover should occur, and only after that the starting athlete continues the relay. The starting athlete may only enter the transfer area when called upon. Pushing the starter in any form is prohibited.

Types of protests Against the admission of competitors or their equipment before the draw Against the course or its condition - no later than 15 minutes after the end of official training Against another competitor or official during the competition - within 15 minutes after the last athlete finishes Against the calculation of results - in within 15 minutes after the publication of the unofficial results report Against the decisions of the jury - within 15 minutes after the publication of the unofficial results report

Protest technology Place of submission - in the place indicated on the official notice board or at a meeting of team representatives. Form of protests - written, with detailed justification. Evidence must be provided, as well as any testimony. A protest may only be submitted: on behalf of the regional office of the FLGR or a team representative

Consideration of a protest The jury meets to consider protests at a certain place and at a certain time, which are announced in advance. Only members of the jury are allowed to vote on a protest. The TD manages the process of considering the protest. A transcript of the process of considering the protest must be recorded, after which the protocol is signed by all voting members of the jury.

Making a decision Making a decision requires the consent of all voting members of the jury, and not all those present. In case of an equal number of votes, the vote of the TD is decisive. The decision must be published on the official notice board immediately indicating the time. The protest can be withdrawn by the protesting party before the publication of the jury's decision. It is not possible to withdraw a protest if the jury or a member of the jury makes a preliminary decision