Street martial arts systems of the world. Stand up for yourself: which martial art to choose? History of Muay Thai

From the very beginning of their history, people tried to come up with the most sophisticated techniques for inflicting pain and injuring the enemy. It all started with claws and teeth, then there was the era of sticks and stones, and gradually all this resulted in systems of a wide variety of martial arts.

Some types of martial arts are really more like an art, for example, like a dance, while others have left nothing from the battle except extreme efficiency and lethality. We will consider the latter:

An ancient martial art from Cambodia, also known as Labokka-tao. Translated from the ancient language, it is translated as “beating the lion.” Bokator originated on the battlefield, during the clash of ancient armies, and not in daily small skirmishes, so it is not surprising that this system takes into account the use of various types of weapons - sticks, spears, etc.

This is a Canadian invention. Today it is no longer practiced, but during the Second World War Combato proved to be an extremely lethal form of martial arts, which Canadian soldiers used against opponents (Canadians fought mainly in Italy and Northern Europe, approx. website).

Jeet Kune Do

In Chinese it sounds like " Tse-quan-dao“, translated means “The Way of the Leading Fist.” This style, developed by Bruce Lee, contained all the most effective techniques of all martial arts that the “Little Dragon” owned. For his style, Bruce chose only those elements that were truly useful in battle, putting efficiency rather than entertainment in the foreground.

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Sib pal ki

This martial art has been in service with the Korean armies for hundreds of years. It is built on three main elements - lunge, strike, cut. Sib stick ki differs from other Korean martial arts by placing more emphasis on efficiency and less on philosophy.

Although Capoeira is now more of a dance than a fighting style, in the very beginning this fighting art was quite fearsome. It appeared several hundred years ago in Brazil, in slave settlements. Capoeira was created so that a runaway slave could defend himself if caught, which is why it quickly became banned.

Kajukenbo (kajukembo)

This American-Hawaiian hybrid appeared relatively recently, around the time of World War II. The name is no coincidence: “ka” - karate, “ju” - judo, “ken” - kempo, or ki Thai boxing. The history of the origin of this martial art is interesting - it was invented by the Hawaiians for self-defense both from street gangs and from drunken American sailors.

The word, familiar to Russian ears, means “self-defense without weapons” and is a lethal combination of striking and wrestling techniques. This martial art was developed by order of the Red Army in the 20s of the last century. Sambo includes the most effective techniques and tactics of various types of combat sports, martial arts and folk types of wrestling: Azerbaijani (Gyulesh), Uzbek (Uzbekcha Kurash), Georgian (Chidaoba), Kazakh (Kazaksha Kures), Tatar (Tatarcha Koresh), Buryat wrestling; Finnish-French, free-American, English wrestling of Lancashire and Cumberland styles, Swiss, Japanese judo and sumo and other types of martial arts.

Balintawak Eskrima

Also known as Balintawak Arnis or simply Balintawak. This martial art originates from the Philippines. The technique is so effective and sophisticated that the Spanish colonialists banned the Filipinos from practicing Baliwantak after several mass riots. The style flourished in the 50s of the 20th century.

Although English word“spear” in translation means “spear”; the name of this type of combat is in no way connected with edged weapons. The English acronym SPEAR (Spontaneous Protection Enabling Accelerated Response, site note) means “spontaneous protection with accelerated counterattack.” The style is almost entirely based on the use of natural human reflexes and is used by many police services around the world.

GRU special forces combat system

As the name suggests, it is used by Russian military intelligence. An extremely effective fighting style, where the enemy is incapacitated as quickly and reliably as possible. Experts say that there is only one analogue in the world that is comparable in effectiveness and lightning speed - Krav Maga, used by Israeli special forces.

Krav Maga

Actually, the Israeli twin previous type battle. Fast and reliable is the main message. None sports competitions Krav Maga is not held, there are no amateur sections.

Muay Thai

In its homeland it is called “the art of eight limbs”, in the West the popular name is “Thai boxing”. Due to the active use of elbows, knees, feet and legs, even sports matches often lead to serious injuries. Muay Thai is a very ancient fighting art, but it gained worldwide popularity relatively recently, after the release of the film “Kickboxer,” where Jean-Claude VanDamme played the main role.

Vale Tudo

Widely known under the names “Fight without rules”, “Mixed style Fight” or “Mixfight”. Translated from Portuguese, “vale tudo” means “anything goes” or “whatever works.” This martial art of Brazilian origin came to Russia not so long ago - the first championship in “Fightings Without Rules” took place in 1995, where Russian fighter Mikhail Ilyukhin, having reached the final, lost first place to a Brazilian champion named Ricardo Morais. Currently the most famous Russian athlete This style is Fedor Emelianenko.

This world-famous martial art is based on merging with an opponent's attack and redirecting the attacker's energy. Simply put, the enemy's strength is used against him. Leaving range to throw your opponent off balance is common. This art is so traumatic that no competitions are held in traditional aikido styles. In addition, the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, rejected the very possibility of any rivalry: ““There are no and cannot be competitions in Aikido.”

Originally from medieval Japan, translated means “the art of being invisible.” Ninjutsu is an invention of the Japanese spy clans, or "ninjas", there is no concept of "rules". Anything can be used as a weapon; any means are suitable to achieve the goal. Ninja training began from infancy, literally from the cradle itself, which was rocked so that when it hit the wall, it helped the baby learn to group when hit. Ninjas mastered swimming before walking, they could walk along a slack rope like across a wide bridge, and the ability to “merge” with the environment for camouflage is still legendary. Usually, a clash between an ordinary ninja and an ordinary samurai did not bode well for the latter, because the samurai, with his laws of honor, was initially vulnerable. Due to their extreme unscrupulousness, ninja performers were also called “genin”, or “non-human”.

In contact with

All types of martial arts originate from ancient times, when fighting styles were developed and used on enemies to protect families, villages and tribes. Of course, at first the old martial arts were quite primitive and did not reveal the capabilities of the human body, but over time they were improved and transformed into completely different directions, making them more cruel and aggressive (Thai boxing) or, conversely, soft, but no less effective (Wing Chun ).

Ancient martial arts

Most historians consider Wushu to be the ancestor of all martial arts, but to refute this there are other opinions supported by facts:

1. The very first martial arts arose in 648 BC and was called “Greek pankration”.
2. The Turkic people, who lived on the territory of modern Uzbekistan, developed the martial arts “kerash”, which became the ancestor of modern martial arts.
3. Hindus, like other peoples, also practiced the creation effective method struggle and, according to many historians, it was they who laid the foundation for the development of martial schools in China and the rest of the East.

Note: the third hypothesis is considered the most realistic, and its study continues even now.

Eastern martial arts: types and differences

In the East, martial arts have a completely different purpose than in Europe or America; here everything is not so much about self-defense, but about the spiritual development of a person through the performance of physical tasks, the correct overcoming of which allows one to reach the next level of harmony of the soul.

The best types of martial arts in European countries are based exclusively on self-defense and protection of individuals and society, and in oriental arts In combat, everything is completely different, where crippling a person is considered not the best solution to the problem.

When considering martial arts, people often start with China, which many people believe introduced martial arts of Eastern origin to other countries, but there are many other countries in the east that practice their martial arts and have great success gaining followers around the world.

Karate and judo are the most popular martial arts. The types, of course, are not limited to just two styles, no, there are quite a lot of them, but there are even more subtypes of both famous methods, and today many schools insist that their style is real and primary.

Chinese martial arts

In Ancient China, people practiced wushu, but until 520 this type of martial arts stood at a “dead point” in development, and only helped protect the inhabitants of the country from raids by surrounding tribes and feudal lords.

In 520 BC, a monk named Bodhidharma came to China from the territory of modern India and, under an agreement with the Emperor of the country, created his own residence on the territory of the Shaolin Monastery, where he began to practice merging his knowledge of martial arts with Chinese Wushu.

Bodhidharma did not work on a simple fusion of Wushu and his martial art, he did a great job, during which China switched to Buddhism, although it had previously professed Confucianism and in some places of the country Taoism. But the most important achievement of the monk from India is the transformation of wushu into a spiritual art with elements of gymnastics and at the same time strengthening the combat side of martial arts.

After the work, Indian monasteries began to develop wushu trends and create sports, martial and health-improving styles of martial arts. After spending many years training the Chinese, Wushu masters reached the island of Okinawa (previously not part of Japan, but practicing jujitsu), where they studied Japanese martial arts styles and developed the famous karate.

Japanese martial arts

The first in Japan is jiu-jitsu, which was based not on contact with the opponent, but on giving in to him and winning.

During the development of self-defense, the basis was a state of mind and concentration on the opponent in such a way that the fighter ceased to see the surroundings and completely concentrated on the opponent.

Jiu-jitsu is the founder of today's judo, with the exception of traumatic throws and fatal blows to the enemy, but the basis of both arts of fighting the enemy is the same - to give in in order to win.

Combat sports

Popular martial arts do not only exist in the form of serious confrontational techniques, and many of them include styles that were originally developed as combat sports. The types of contact techniques that today belong to sports number in the dozens, but the most popular are boxing, karate, judo, but mixed martial arts MMA and others are gradually gaining popularity.

One of the first to come to the sport was boxing, the goal of which was to cause maximum harm to the opponent so that he could not see or the referee stopped the fight due to the abundance of blood. Judo and karate, unlike boxing, are soft and prohibit face contact, which is why they are valued not as martial arts but as martial arts. Sports like boxing and mixed martial arts are gaining popularity due to the contact and aggression involved, which gives them big ratings.

Other types of martial arts

Each country has its own martial arts, which were developed in the style of behavior of the inhabitants or their living conditions.

A serious example of the development of martial art based on lifestyle and weather conditions is the ancient Russian style of Lyubka fighting.

In the old days, it prepared ordinary peasants for self-defense even against professional soldiers, for which it was invented on the principle of local weather conditions. During Maslenitsa, peasants played a popular game on ice, where several rows of residents (men) went at each other and had to break through the enemy’s “wall”, and it was allowed physical contact(except for the face and groin area).

Ice prepared the peasants for difficulty and forced them to learn to maintain balance even in difficult conditions, and the martial arts itself were not aimed at harming, however, the fighters had to knock out the enemy (unconsciousness).

Types and styles of martial arts

Aikido is one of the youngest martial arts in Japan, founded by Morihei Ueshiba. Aikido is an art that synthesizes the study of techniques, spiritual, energetic, psychological aspects personality development.

Aikido is equally effective as a general strengthening and self-developing health system of exercises, and as its applied part, which is a universal means of self-defense.

The practice of Aikido is very useful for people of any age, regardless of physical characteristics, is not of a religious nature, and is equally accessible to everyone.

Aikido is a synthesis of martial arts combined into effective system protection. In addition, it is also a dynamic form of meditation, which is designed to resolve most conflict situations.

Aikido is a unique martial art that originated in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century. Founder - Morihei Ueshiba (1883 - 1969). Aikido is based on the philosophy of harmonizing a person’s internal energy with the outside world. The formation of the personality of a person who studies Aikido occurs in the process of repeated practice of specific self-defense techniques. Combat vehicles When properly performed, it turns into an effective intra-articular massage. the main objective Aikido is the formation of a healthy, creative and integral human personality, harmonious and timely repayment of conflict through a certain technique and human behavior in an extreme situation. It should be noted that there are no restrictions or contraindications for practicing Aikido, either due to age or health. This allows you to work with young children, teenagers, people with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, poor vision and even the absence of some internal organs lost as a result of amputation.

KICKBOXING

Kickboxing is a sport that combines kicking techniques borrowed from a number of martial arts and fist technique boxing There are several types of kickboxing: full contact - with fights in the boxing ring, and light contact - with fights on the tatami. In the ring there are fights of such types of kickboxing as full-contact, low-kick and K1 format; on the tatami - semi-contact, light-contact, kick-light and solo compositions (musical forms).

During competitions, protective equipment is used: mouth guard, hand wraps, boxing gloves, protective groin guard, shin guard, foot guards and helmet. Clothing varies depending on the discipline: silk briefs, shorts or uniforms with belts. All types of kickboxing are very spectacular and are popular with fans all over the world.

Kendo, which literally means “way of the sword,” is a modern Japanese fencing art that traces its history back to traditional samurai sword techniques. Kendo is an activity that activates both physical and mental strength, combining the traditional values ​​of martial art and sports physical elements. A kendo fighter shouts out the name of the stroke at the moment of attack, demonstrating full control situations and the power of fighting spirit. Kendo assumes the unity of three elements: “Ki (spirit) - Ken (sword) - Tai (body).

Wushu is a spectacular full contact sport. Modern Wushu includes two directions: Taolu and Sanda.

Taolu is a combination of gymnastics and martial art. Athletes are awarded points for the movements they perform: poses, kicks, punches, balancing, jumping, cutting and throwing. The duration of fights is limited in time and can vary from 1 minute (20 seconds, according to some styles) to over five minutes for internal styles. Modern Wushu athletes carefully practice acrobatic techniques such as 540- and 720-degree jumps and kicks, increasing the difficulty and improving the style of performance.

Sanda is a fighting style and sport very similar to kickboxing or Muay Thai, but combines a greater variety of grappling techniques.

Wrestling is an act of physical interaction between two people using force. An athlete attempts to gain an advantage or control over an opponent. Physical techniques used in wrestling: lock, grab and pass. Wrestlers try to avoid using technical elements that could lead to injury to their opponent. Many wrestling styles are world famous and have a rich history. There are different areas of wrestling that are used for both sports and entertainment purposes. In freestyle wrestling, leg grabs and techniques with leg action are allowed. The ultimate goal is to knock your opponent down or achieve victory due to an advantage in points.

TAEKWONDO

Taekwondo is a Korean martial art. Usually translated as "the way of the hand and foot", but some translate it as "the art of kicking and punching". The popularity of taekwondo in recent times is the result of the evolution of martial arts. It combines fighting techniques, self-defense, sports, exercise, meditation and philosophy. Modern taekwondo emphasizes control and self-defense. The art in general focuses on kicking from a moving stance, using greater force and greater reach (relative to the arm). Taekwondo technique includes a system of blocks, kicks, punches and open palms, sweeps and fixing joints.

The unification of the various forms of taekwondo occurred in the 1950s, when the standardization of rules made it possible to create a full-contact martial art sport. The application of rules that allowed for non-stop combat, the introduction of protective equipment and changes in various techniques contributed to the creation of a separate and distinctive style.

The dynamic and sophisticated technique of the fight, together with the grace and flexibility of the athletes, attracted the attention of sports fans from all over the world. The popularity of taekwondo has grown to tens of millions of practitioners who have adopted the rich traditions and philosophy of martial arts. The introduction of a scoring system (PSS) and instant video replays (IVR) made it possible to create a transparent competition system.

Taekwondo presented at World Games ah martial arts, competitions are held in accordance with the rules of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF).

Along with the development of the technical part in taekwondo, new forms of fights appeared. For the first time in 2010 in Moscow, as part of the WTF world tour, team battles 5 on 5. In this format, at the beginning of the match, two teams field one participant each for a short fight. Then the first pair of fighters is replaced by the next one.

This format was officially introduced in 2012 at the World Taekwondo Cup in Aruba.

Sambo is a relatively young form of martial art, combat sports and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union. The word “sambo” is an acronym derived from the phrase “self-defense without weapons.” The origins of sambo come from Japanese judo and traditional folk wrestling such as Armenian koch, Georgian chidaoba, Moldavian trynta, Tatar kuresh, Uzbek kurash, Mongolian hapsagai and Azerbaijani gulesh.

Savate is a European martial art, also known as " french boxing", characterized by effective punching technique, dynamic kicking technique, mobility and subtle strategy. Savate has a long history: this type of martial art originated as a synthesis of the French school of street fighting hand-to-hand combat and English boxing; in 1924 it was included in the Olympic Games in Paris as a demonstration sport.

Savate competitions are held as part of the SportAccord World Martial Arts Games in accordance with the rules and regulations of the International Federation of Savate (F.I.Sav).

At the next SportAccord World Martial Arts Games in 2013 in St. Petersburg, F.I.Sav will represent 88 athletes who will compete in 3 disciplines:

Asso (L'assaut) - light contact: the fight is carried out with punches and kicks. The accuracy of strikes, fighting style and technical skill, shown by the athlete. Accented strikes are strictly prohibited.

Comba (Le combat) - full contact: the fight is carried out with punches and kicks. The quality, accuracy, efficiency of strikes and the morale of athletes are assessed. Knockouts are acceptable.

Canne komba (La canne de combat): a type of fight in which athletes are armed with a long, light cane. This fencing art includes various striking techniques, blocks, feints and combinations. In this discipline it is prohibited strong blows. The athlete's equipment must include protective clothing, gloves and helmets.

Men (6 categories): 60 kg, 65 kg, 70 kg, 75 kg, 80 kg, 90 kg.

Women (4 categories): 52 kg, 56 kg, 60 kg, 70 kg.

Fights consist of 3 rounds, each of which lasts 2 minutes, with a 1 minute break between rounds.

Sumo is a type of wrestling that originated in Japan, the only country where this sport is still practiced professionally. Currently, amateur sumo is developing in 88 countries, which is considered as modern look martial art. Sumo matches are dynamic and entertaining with easy to understand rules. Touching the floor in the ring (dohyo) is only possible with the soles of the feet, the goal is to force the opponent to touch the floor with any other part of the body or push him out of the ring. There are 82 techniques with which you can achieve victory, they include various types of throws, lifts, and pushes.

THAI BOXING

Thai boxing or Muaythai is a martial art in Thailand, which has recently become on par with such famous martial arts as karate, aikido, judo and sambo. This combat is as close as possible to a real fight between two fighters. The term "Muay Thai" translated means "duel of the free" or "free fight". Muay Thai fights are fought with full contact and according to very strict rules. The basis of Muaythai is striking technique. Strikes to the enemy are applied at all levels: to the head, to the body, with arms and legs, elbows and knees. Grabs and throws play a very important role in Muay Thai. Since ancient times, Thai boxers have a saying - “One world - one Muaythai.” The power of Muaythai lies in unity, in traditions, in the continuity of generations, in the mystery of transferring knowledge of martial art from trainer to student.

In modern times, Muaythai has proven to enjoy enormous television popularity, being a clear embodiment of the aspirations, hopes and efforts of athletes, as well as an example of mutual understanding between different cultures. In 2012, the popularity of Muaythai was confirmed by a nomination for an International Emmy Award for the television reality show “The Challenger Muaythai”.

Boxing is a type of combat sport that involves two opponents of identical physique and power striking each other with their fists wearing special gloves. Fights last from 3 to 12 rounds, victory is awarded if the opponent is knocked down and cannot rise within ten seconds counted by the judge. This outcome of the fight was called a knockout. If the fight has not been completed after a set number of rounds, the winner will be determined by the referee's decision or the judges' scores. Different styles of boxing exist in many countries around the world.

Judo translated from Japanese means “soft way”. This modern combat sport comes from the Land of the Rising Sun. The main principles of judo are throws, painful holds, holds and chokes. Judo is based on the principle of unity of spirit and body and differs from other martial arts in its lesser use physical strength when performing various technical actions.

Professor Jigoro Kano founded judo in 1882, and in 1964 judo was included in the summer program Olympic Games. Judo is a codified sport in which the mind controls the movements of the body, it has the most pronounced educational character in the Olympic program. In addition to competition, judo includes the study of technique, kata, self-defense, physical training and improvement of the spirit. Judo as a sports discipline is a modern and progressive form of physical activity. The International Judo Federation (IJF) has 200 affiliated national federations on five continents. More than 20 million people practice judo, a sport that perfectly combines education and physical activity. The IJF organizes more than 35 events every year.

Karate or karate-do is a martial art that came from Japan, from the island of Okinawa. Initially, this set of techniques existed for self-defense without weapons, using only hands and feet. It took years of development for martial arts to evolve into modern sport karate. Currently in competition dangerous techniques are prohibited and contact fight permitted, but does not allow injury to the face, head or neck.

Faking a non-existent injury is considered a serious violation of the rules. The malingerer fighter is subject to sanctions (“Shikaku”). Exaggerating the effect of a real injury is also not welcomed and is considered undignified behavior.

During tournaments, kumite and/or kata competitions may be held. Kumite is held in individual and team categories. In the individual category, competing athletes are divided by age and weight. Regular kumite matches for men last three minutes, for a medal - four. In the women's category - two and three minutes, respectively.

To open an account, a fighter must perform a technical technique by attacking the opponent’s corresponding zone.

Judges' scores:

IPPON

Three points

VAZARI

Two points

SKO

One point

When awarding points, the following criteria are taken into account: form of execution, sportsmanship, speed of execution, attentiveness (ZANSHIN), timeliness and distance.

IPPON is awarded for jodan strikes and any technique on a fallen or falling opponent.

VASARI is appointed for blows of chudan.

JKO is assigned for chudan or zedan tsuki and jedan or chudan uchi.

Attacks are carried out only in the following areas: head, face, neck, stomach, chest, back and side.

JUJUTSU

Jiu-jitsu is a general name used for a fighting system that is almost impossible to clearly describe. This is hand-to-hand combat, in most cases without the use of weapons, and only in some cases with weapons. Jiu-Jitsu techniques include kicking, punching, punching, throwing, holding, blocking, choking and tying, as well as the use of certain types of weapons. Jiu-jitsu does not rely on brute strength, but on dexterity and dexterity. Using minimal effort to achieve maximum effect. This principle allows any person, regardless of his physical fitness or physique, control and use your energy most efficiently.

FENCING

Fencing belongs to the “family” of combat sports that use edged weapons. From time immemorial, people have tried to invent a weapon to protect themselves from animals and other threats; the history of the development of fencing serves as clear confirmation of this.

Modern fencing uses the rapier, epee and saber. Competitions between men and women are held individually and in team competitions. The differences between types of weapons lie in their shape and the size of the affected surface. The judging rules for each weapon are different, and the strategy for getting points is accordingly different.

However, all types of fencing have common features that combine elegance and tactics, movement and reaction, and the interaction of mind and body. Concentration and coordination are elements required for all fencers. As well as the expression of respect and courtesy towards the opponent, the referee and the audience, which is demonstrated by the traditional fireworks before and after the fight.

Following the first World Martial Arts Games in Beijing in 2010, fencing has been included in the second World Martial Arts Games in St. Petersburg in 2013, where 96 top athletes will compete. Fights are held in accordance with the rules of the International Fencing Federation (FIE)

Kempo is a type of ancient martial arts that originated in Japan, which is a combination of many martial arts techniques. The active spread of kempo throughout the world gave rise to the emergence of many martial arts, such as karate, judo, jiu-jitsu, etc. Currently, the name “kenpo” is often used as a term for martial arts in general.

Kempo, as a modern sport, is being developed by various international organizations. The largest international organization developing kempo is the International Kempo Federation ( IKF )”, which has branches in more than 50 countries. In many countries, kempo is an officially recognized sport.

In Russia, the Interregional public organization “Universal Karate Federation” has been promoting and developing kempo since 2002. In November 2012, the Universal Karate Federation was reorganized and registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation as the All-Russian physical culture and sports public organization for the development of mixed martial arts "Federation of MMA and Kempo of Russia", which has its own structural divisions (regional branches) in 43 regions of Russia.

Kempo competitions are held in two sections: combat and traditional sections.

In the combat section, athletes fight in six disciplines: MMA Kempo,

“full kempo”, “knockdown kempo”, “K1 kempo”, “semi kempo”, “submission”.

In the traditional section, competitions are held in four disciplines: “Kempo-self-defense”, “Kempo-self-defense with weapons”, “Kempo-kata” and “Kempo-kata with weapons”.

KARATE Style Shotokan

Shotokan (or Shotokan) is the most numerous style of karate throughout the world. Its founder is Gichin Funakoshi.

Funakoshi declared the main principle of karate to be the concept that “attack has no advantage,” or “karate is not a weapon of aggression.” Thus, he emphasized the idea of ​​humanity that he preached in karate-do. However, in addition to the philosophical meaning, this motto also contains a practical meaning, which consists in the fact that the attacking arm or leg of the opponent turns into a target for the defender and can be hit by a powerful block or counterstrike (that is why katas in Shotokan karate always begin with a defensive movement - a block).

In his book “Karate-do: My Way,” Funakoshi outlined the basic principles that reveal the spirit and essence of karate-do, namely:

Be extremely attentive during training. Whatever you do, always think about the enemy. In a fight, when striking, you should not allow a single drop of doubt, since one blow decides everything.

Train with full dedication, without theorizing. Often the inability to concentrate leads to a search for truth in words and reasoning. The Horseman's Stance (kiba dachi), for example, looks very simple on the surface, but no one can perform it perfectly, even if he practices every day for a year. Therefore, the student’s complaints after several months of training that he cannot master the kata are not serious.

Avoid arrogance and arrogance. Anyone who publicly declares his success will never be respected by others, even if he really shows ability in karate or other types of martial arts. It is all the more absurd to hear the self-praise of a completely incapable person. In karate this is usually done by beginners who cannot resist the temptation to brag or show something. But by doing this, they humiliate not only themselves, but also their chosen art.

Watch how sincere you are in your actions, and take your example from what is worthy of praise in the work of others. As a karateka, you must carefully observe the work of others and adopt the best. At the same time, ask yourself: are you giving your all to training? Everyone has the good side and bad. A prudent person strives to develop the best and eliminate the bad.

Follow the rules of etiquette.

No one can achieve perfection in karate-do until he realizes that karate-do is also faith in the path of life.

Shotokan is a relatively more complex style than others for a number of reasons:

1. This is the toughest style of karate and requires good physical training.

The tiger, the totemic symbol of the style, was one of the five “animal” styles practiced in the Shaolin Monastery. The style is characterized by sharp, powerful, rapid attacks and movements. The performance requirements completely coincide with the Shaolin ones - the same sharpness, power, strength, low stances, maximum concentration of effort in any action.

2. Execution of each technical reception must include several parameters simultaneously:

Proper breathing, which activates the circulation of internal energy Ki;

Performing an action at the right time;

Clear correct execution technical action and completion of the action;

Development of maximum force at the amplitude of the impact in a minimum impact time and a sharp stop of the impact, which strengthens the impact impulse (kimming), as well as the fastest possible reverse (reverse) movement of the limb.

3. The training program is quite complex and extensive. Knowledge of more than twenty katas is required.

Particular attention is paid to:

Acquiring stable balance, which is achieved by working in low stances;

Strong rotational work of the hips in the horizontal plane in the direction of the blow or in the opposite direction to the blow, which significantly increases the force of the blow or block;

Compliance with the principle of “concentration - relaxation”, i.e. timely and instant activation of all antagonist muscles in the final phase of movement. In this case, the positive acceleration is replaced by a negative one, which leads to a sharp stop of the striking limb, due to which the resulting shock wave penetrates deep into the affected surface.

Shotokan differs from other karate styles in the predominantly linear application of punching force, since shortest way to the goal - straight.

Initially, Shotokan adopted the principle of “Ikken hisatsu”, that is, “one blow on the spot.”

AIKIJUJUTSU

Daito-ryu aikijujutsu is one of the oldest schools of bujutsu, believed to have been founded in 1087 by Yoshimitsu Minamoto (1056-1127). The central temple of the Yoshimitsu family was called Daito - “Great East”, classes in Aikijujutsu were held there, and since in Japan it was customary to call the school after the name of the place where martial arts were practiced, the name Daitoryu - “School of the Great East” was naturally formed " Before the Meiji Restoration, sword art was more popular than Jujutsu, which was just beginning to be practiced.

The only exception was oshikiuchi (oshikiuchi - o - correct, shiki - etiquette, teach - inside the house) - a secret technique - the palace art of fighting indoors, which formed the basis for the formation of Aikijujutsu techniques, supplemented by sword techniques and the corresponding system of movements. A person’s whole life was serving the shogun, he died on the battlefield or killed himself, rarely died a natural death, so it was necessary to develop a system of palace etiquette that could reduce the level of violence within the family, within the clan. Oshikiuchi is a system that allows you to disarm a person without harming him, because it is an indoor wrestling system, which is why it has so many techniques in suwari waza. It was classified as "Otome Ryu", which means that it was a martial art style hidden from the general public, and its teaching was prohibited. To understand what Aikijujutsu is, you need to understand what oshikiuchi is, in what context, and in what environment it arose. Of course, before 1870, the techniques that were there could be used not only for disarming, but also for killing. Oshikiuchi was a system of protection that made it possible to preserve the law, and if you understand this, then you stop looking for things in Aikijujutsu that do not exist there.

The ability that came from working with a sword to effectively coordinate the work of the body, arms and legs, while manipulating the wrists in a certain way, forms the basis of Daitoryu techniques. In addition, the short sword technique (tanto), which was integral part Tamori Ryu is a sword school designed for defense within the home.

Over centuries of hand-to-hand combat, the technique was improved and honed by superbly trained warriors. The techniques were carefully kept secret until the end of the nineteenth century, when the master Sokaku Takeda introduced them to the general public. Subsequently, Daitoryu became the basis for large number styles and trends in Aikijujutsu, which are now practiced all over the world.

Aikijujutsu, in its enormous diversity, even today gives preference to the spiritual education of students and judges their progress by changes in character, level of devotion, humanity, will, thus contributing to the prosperity of the Dojo, the progress of students in mastering the basic principles, and increasing the level of personal development of each . All this allows us to devote worthy students to inner secrets art.

Although the techniques may seem outdated to the outside observer, these are the techniques that make art timeless. Principles are never given to students in pure form. The main criterion for comprehending the truth is practice. Long and painstaking work on each technique leads you to the desired result. As in all true bujutsu, in Daitoryu there are no shortcuts to comprehension.

Aikijujutsu techniques are based on working in three planes, which gives you the opportunity to constantly throw your opponent off balance. In the course of mastering technology, one comes to understand that learning ends only with death. Only when the student begins to realize the simplicity that seems incomprehensible, makes every possible effort, proves his perseverance and perseverance - only then does he deserve to learn and the right to teach.

HAND-HAND COMBAT

A universal system for teaching defense and attack techniques, combining many functional elements from the arsenal of world martial arts (strikes, kicks, wrestling techniques, painful techniques), tested in real combat activities. A modern and rapidly developing type of martial arts, which has gained popularity for full-contact fights.

The system includes the following sections: technical actions; tactical actions; psychological preparation; special physical training; technical actions are techniques of punches, kicks, head, elbow, throws, grabs, etc. from different body positions at different angles. Actions taken when fighting one or more opponents, armed or unarmed. Working with edged weapons and items that replace them and much more. Tactical actions are various options actions in certain situations, including taking the right positions or moving in the right direction, etc. Special physical training consists of three levels, the development of which takes place in stages. Most effectively develops the parameters necessary for combat (speed, strength, endurance). It also promotes excellent physical condition and health.

The term “kobudo” translated from Japanese means “ancient military way.” The original name was “kobujutsu” - “ancient martial arts (skills).” Under this term, today the arts of mastering various types of oriental species edged weapons. Currently, there is a division of kobudo into two autonomous independent directions: 1. Nihon-kobudo - a direction that combines systems common on the main islands of Japan and using in their arsenal edged weapons of samurai origin and weapons from the arsenal of ninjutsu. 2. Kobudo (other names Ryukyu-kobudo and Okinawa-kobudo) - a direction that unites systems originating from the islands of the Ryukyu archipelago (modern Okinawa Prefecture, Japan) using in the arsenal tools (objects) of peasant and fishing use of the inhabitants of these islands. The Kobudo Federation of Russia is focused on the dissemination of kobudo, mainly of Okinawan origin.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF KOBUDO.

With some stretch, we can say that the first person who began to use, along with primitive weapons, various improvised objects to counteract his own kind, was the founder of kobudo. But, if we talk about kobudo in the modern sense of the word, then the above statement will be only partially true. One thing is clear: the very first information about the origin of kobudo is lost in the depths of centuries. Today, there are two versions of the appearance and development of kobudo in Okinawa: legendary and modern, more realistic, based on the latest historical information. It should be borne in mind that the history of kobudo (kobujutsu) is inextricably linked with the history of karate-do, since the division of Okinawan hand-to-hand combat systems into unarmed and weaponized systems occurred relatively recently - at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. By the way, even now a number of karate schools in Okinawa have in their certification programs requirements for knowledge of not only karate, but also kobudo at the same time. But, we digress. So, the history of karate and kobudo says that these types of hand-to-hand combat began to develop on the Ryukyu Islands from time immemorial and were initially united within the framework of a certain system “Te” or “Okinawa-te”, which meant “Hand” and “Hand of Okinawa” respectively. .

This system has been repeatedly supplemented and expanded throughout its existence. So, in the 12th century. (Taira-Minamoto era) defeated The Taira clan rolled away from Japan to the south and, partially, settled in Ryukyu. He brought a wealth of military knowledge to the islands, including in the field of martial arts. In 1350, with the establishment of official relations with China, an embassy arrived in Okinawa with the aim of spreading Chinese culture on the island. The transferred knowledge also included martial arts, which were well developed by that time in China. Chinese martial arts blended with earlier Okinawan developments, giving new impetus to the development of fighting systems on the island. By the early 15th century, the island of Okinawa, ruled by numerous feudal princes, was divided into three major states: Hokuzan (in the north), Chuzan (in the center), and Nanzan (in the south), known as the “Three Kingdoms.” In 1429 they were united under the rule of one ruler - Sho Hashi, with the capital in the city of Shuri. His descendant Sho Shin (1477-1526) finally eliminated feudal fragmentation, founded a state based on the principles of Confucianism, and gathered all the feudal princes of Okinawa (anji) in Shuri. At the same time, a ban was imposed on the carrying of swords and the possession of weapons. This state, known as the Ryukyu Kingdom, lived and prospered through trade with China, Korea, Japan and other countries in Southeast Asia. In 1609, samurai of the Japanese Satsuma clan from the island of Southern Kyushu invaded Okinawa and captured it. The new rulers tightened the effect of the “Ordinances on Weapons” introduced by Sho Shin, and in 1699 they banned the import of any weapons. Further, the legendary version says that at this time oppression reached such a level that the whole village was given one knife for household needs. It was then that the art of karate (unarmed combat) and kobudo (combat using household items that were not weapons at that time) reached its peak. In order to fight the invaders from the Satsuma clan, peasants and fishermen began to create secret societies whose goal was to expel the Japanese from the island. For this noble purpose, members of the communities studied karate and kobudo, practicing day and night. And after some time, in battles with armed samurai, the islanders convincingly and more than once proved the highest effectiveness of karate and kobudo. A more modern historical version states that in 1724, for various reasons, a large number of representatives of the Ryukyu noble class (shizoku) concentrated in Shuri. To free the capital from them, it was decided to allow the shizoku to engage in trade, crafts, fishing and agriculture on the outlying islands and away from the cities of Okinawa. The nobles brought their culture to the new settlements, including knowledge in the field of kobudo. However, the local population, especially the peasants, busy with work almost around the clock, were in a state close to slavery. Therefore, the development of kobudo occurred extremely slowly and mainly among people from the nobility. After the Meiji Restoration (1848), the islands were annexed by the new Japanese government. In 1879 the last king Ryukyu Sho Tai was exiled to Tokyo. The Japanese government created a new prefecture - Okinawa. The process of Japaneseization of the indigenous population and the eradication of traditions and customs that were considered alien to the original Japanese began, which ended only after the end of World War II. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Okinawa kobudo was practically forgotten; it was owned by a very small circle of masters, who often had scattered knowledge of individual types of weapons. A small number of traditional Okinawan Kobudo schools are widespread in the modern world. The main ones are various versions of Ryukyu-kobudo by master Taira Shinken (1897-1970), Matayoshi-kobudo by masters Matayoshi Shinko (1888-1947) and his son Matayoshi Shinpo (1923-1997) and Yamani-ryu kobudo by master Chinen Massami (1898-1947). 1976).

WEAPONS KOBUDO.

There are a large number of different types of weapons (mostly of Chinese origin) and items that were not originally weapons, which are tools modified for combat use or without any modifications. The main types of Kobudo weapons are listed below:- bo(other names: rokushakubo, kon, kun) - the most common weapon, a wooden pole (bo) six (roku) shaku long. The Japanese measure of shaku length was about 30.3 cm. That is. the length of the pole was about 182 cm. The Okinawan names for the pole are “kon” or “kun”; - sai- a metal trident, the prototype of which was the vajra - one of the symbols of Buddhism. Another version attributes the origin of the sai to a pitchfork for loosening the soil. Dual weapons. Related types of sai include: manji no sai (a swastika-shaped sai) and nunti (a spear head similar in shape to the manji no sai); - tonfa(tunfa, tuifa, tuyha, tunfua, tonfua, toifua, tonkua, tunkua, taofua) - a stick about 40 cm long with a transverse handle, originally a lever for rotating the millstone of a hand mill. Dual weapons. - nunchaku- two sticks about 30 cm long, connected by a rope about 10 cm long. According to various versions, the prototype of the nunchaku was a horse bit or a flail for threshing rice; - jo(tsue, sushiku, sanshakujo, yonshakujo, hanbo) - stick (staff) 90-120 cm long - Kama- sickle, agricultural tool for harvesting rice. Used in single and double versions. When used in pairs - nityogama (two sickles); - ecu(ueku, ieku, kai) - oar;- surutin- a rope or chain with metal or stone weights reinforced at both ends. A device for mooring and securing boats to a pier. There are two types: naga-surutin (3 m long) and tan-surutin (1.5 m);- que(kuva) - hoe, ketmen;- nuntibo- a fort, a pole about 210 cm long with a nunti at one end; - tekko- metal spiked brass knuckles, the prototype could be a saddle stirrup. Dual weapons;- Sansetsu-kon- wooden three-link flail with links about 65 cm long, connected by ropes or chain about 5-7 cm long. - tinbe-rotin or chinbe-seiryuto - an unpaired weapon, originally a lid from a large saucepan (to-hai) combined with a spatula for stirring rice - hera. To-hai was used as a shield, hera - as a club. However, the techniques with to-hai and hera were not canonized in a timely manner and therefore were subsequently lost. Currently, the to-hai has been transformed into a shield: a round metal one (about 60 cm in diameter) or a bone one, approximately oval in shape, made from the shell of a large sea turtle. Instead of hare, rotin or seiryuto are used. The rotin is a short dart with a spear pommel and, often, a forked shank. Seiryuto - a cleaver (machete) for cutting large fish;-

-tanbo(tambo, nitetanbo) - two thick, uneven sticks 60-70 cm long. Paired weapons;

- tattoo(tittyu) - knitting needles, short metal rods, pointed on both sides, with or without rings in the middle part, with or without transverse protrusions. Dual brass knuckle weapons;

Other types;

In the FKR, the list of weapons, in addition to the listed types, includes a bokken, a wooden model of a samurai sword.

Currently, kobudo is experiencing a kind of renaissance period. A large number of schools of karate and other martial arts without weapons, for various reasons (often commercial), introduce work with weapons into their arsenal, borrowing information from all available sources. In a number of cases, the weapons tradition is adopted entirely from one of the well-known areas of kobudo, but more often karate schools develop their own weapons arsenal, compiling it at their own discretion.

Expert of the Kobudo Federation of St. Petersburg - Vladimir Balyakin

SENE - mixed system martial arts He studies striking techniques with hands and feet, throws, painful and choking techniques, and self-defense techniques. The SEN’E School traces its history back to 1969. The physical culture and sports public organization “All-Russian Federation SEN’E” received legal status in 1991. The founders of the SEN’E School are T.R. Kasyanov. and Shturmin A.B. Students of the SEN’E School stood at the origins and made a significant contribution to the development of many types of martial arts in the territory of the former USSR, such as hand-to-hand combat, kickboxing, Thai boxing, taekwondo, etc.

SENE is a unique sports discipline, which is not only a kind of testing ground for the development and improvement of physical qualities, the formation of a wide range of motor skills and skills in the field of martial arts, but also forms the moral and volitional qualities of the individual student.

The tactical and technical arsenal of SENE is a viable and interconnected synthesis system percussion technology arms and legs, throwing, painful and choking techniques, allowing fights at various distances, using a wide range of combination actions regulated by the Rules in compliance with all the necessary principles of conducting a sports fight (injury control, entertainment, objectivity in assessing actions, etc.) .

Currently, SENE, as a sport, is relevant and in demand for a number of objective reasons. Firstly, practicing SENE does not require large material costs for equipment sports facilities and equipment for those involved, secondly, this system of martial arts meets the growing interest of wide sections of the population in mastering diverse fighting techniques, thirdly, SENE is an excellent means of positive educational influence on the younger generation, promoting a sustainable habit of a healthy lifestyle, shaping the present defender of his Fatherland.

TAIQIQUAN

Taijiquan- a unique art of self-development, including both martial art and health system, and meditation practice. Taijiquan is one of the optimal and harmonious ways of learning qigong - the practice of managing one's internal energy.
Like qigong, tai chi requires the simultaneous action of three factors - consciousness, movement and breathing. At the junction of qigong and taijiquan, complexes of taijiqigong exercises arose.
What will a Tai Chi practitioner get? Firstly, physical and spiritual health, longevity. Secondly, it is a means for relaxation and stress relief, the ability to quickly overcome stress and take conscious action in extreme situations.
Thirdly, harmonization of the emotional sphere and interpersonal relationships.

Path of the Willow

Mak Wun Ken - Donald

Introduction.

"Softness is the soul of the willow, it is able to direct the power of the wind against itself"

An old poem about the benefits of gentleness in martial arts describes the example of the softness of a tree like a willow that yields, bends to strong winds during a storm, instead of resisting them.

Due to the absence of this resistance, the willow continues to live after the storm, while trees that refuse to succumb to the wind may be damaged or even uprooted. The Wing Chun Kuen of the respected Sifu Chow Tze Chuen, transmitted to him by the Great Master Yip Man, is based on the idea of ​​softness defeating hardness. This article will explain the main points of Sifu Chow's Wing Chun Kuen that make this gentle submission possible (effective). Sections will be covered on neutralizing through structure, dispersing through footwork, using the shoulder line to create a void, etc.

Giving in like a willow tree.

We have chosen the willow as a metaphor to illustrate a wise strategy and method of overcoming attacking forces. In order for a willow tree to grow, seeds must first be planted. The seeds grow into powerful roots, a straight trunk, flexible branches and leaves. This is the basis for using the concept of yielding like a willow tree. In actual practice, the hands can be considered as leaves and branches that make first contact with the attacking force. When properly coordinated with the direction of force, the opponent's force can be reduced to nothingness without compromising the structural integrity of the Wing Chun practitioner, just as the branches and leaves of a willow tree are blown by the wind while remaining in place. Secondly, the torso of a Wing Chun practitioner can be likened to a willow trunk - vertical and structurally straight to receive the opponent's force internally and redirect it using the force of the wrist, or drive it into the ground through the legs. The third basis of likening the willow tree is the development of powerful roots that allow the Wing Chun practitioner to be stable, preventing him from being pushed into an unstable position by any external force.

Conditions for learning how to be malleable.

In our study of Wing Chun, as taught by Sifu Chow Tze Chuen, we place emphasis on developing the following points that are essential in understanding how to be flexible:

Relaxation The first key to understanding how to successfully absorb an opponent's power lies in being completely relaxed at all times, especially during a fight;

We define proper relaxation as "not using unnecessary muscle tension that does not contribute to the efficiency of movement in achieving the goal." By relaxing, one can understand the meaning of internal martial arts, determined by four criteria:

"Yuk Yau But Yuk Keung" means that the Wing Chun practitioner should give in instead of resisting the opponent with muscular strength;

"Yuk Shun But Yuk Yik" - encourages the Wing Chun practitioner to move harmoniously, rather than fight the flow of the enemy's force;

"Yuk Ding But Yuk Luen" - the Wing Chun practitioner must move clearly, steadily, evenly, to constantly control the center line;

"Yuk Jui But Yuk San" - a Wing Chun practitioner must correctly use the weight of his body as a whole, rather than using it separately and ineffectively.

Central line.

The second key lies in constant monitoring of the center line. The center line is so important in Wing Chun that it can be said to be the art of defending and attacking the center line. The principle of "Man Fat Gwai Chung" (literally "ten thousand techniques originating from the center line") is best described by the most important role center line in Wing Chun.

The idea is that during attack and defense, the opponent will attack the center of the practitioner's body, because the most vulnerable places are located there. Understanding the center gives the Wing Chun practitioner a reference area from which to build a strategy of attack and defense. With the right reference path, it becomes possible to redirect and reduce the attacking force into the void. This strategy will be discussed in the subsequent paragraph on the shoulder line.

Fixed elbow.

The third point is the concept of a stationary elbow. It is necessary to keep the elbow close to the body and on the center line. Keeping the elbow stationary gives the practitioner constant protection of his body throughout the fight without having to do it every time the opponent attacks or counterattacks. Proper elbow position also allows for grouping of the body behind the hands, allowing the practitioner to utilize the power of the entire body rather than relying on local hand strength. The condition for spontaneous (unintentional) use of the central line is also met. For this reason, a common instruction in the school of Grand Master Ip Man was that the student should not hold the elbow too close or far from the body. Proper elbow position allows the practitioner to redirect the opponent's force by using the entire body rather than the arms alone, which is common among beginners.

Correct body position.

The fourth key is correct body position. In Wing Chun, the meaning of correct body position is for the practitioner to maintain his or her center line perpendicular to the horizontal line formed by the shoulders. In this case, both hands can be easily used to attack without the need to constantly move the body. The accuracy of attack and defense is also greatly enhanced by the use of a two-dimensional isosceles triangle, used to position the body in the most advantageous position relative to the opponent in order to successfully redirect force and counterattack. The body position allows the Wing Chun practitioner to use the sides of the triangle to direct the opponent's force into a safe area.

Simultaneous defense and attack.

The fifth point is the ability to defend and attack at the same time. Another principle about this is “Siu Da Tong Bo” or “Sheung Kiu Bing Hang”. The basic idea of ​​"Lin Siu Dai Da" (Simultaneous Attack and Defense) is the next prominent characteristic of Wing Chun.

The principle requires that all defensive actions be accompanied by an attack within a short time, in order not to lose a short-term advantage over the enemy. Or simply put, the best defense is an attack. In a real combat situation, it is necessary to control external and internal factors. Improper control of factors means possible failure due to several reasons such as fatigue, slowdown, loss of concentration, etc. The use of simultaneous attack and defense in connection with the concept of non-resistance encourages the practitioner to not resist the opponent, using his strength, body position, line and angle of movement to occupy the best position from which he can best control the opponent's body and therefore dominate him.

Racks.

The final key to learning how to properly control an opponent's power is learning how to use Wing Chun stances. A properly maintained stance allows the practitioner to absorb the opponent's force in a static stance, and in a dynamic stance to move the body so that the opponent cannot catch on the body.

Keys to understanding how to be flexible.

In the final part we will touch on the moments necessary for pliability, like a willow bending in the face of a strong force of wind.

Neutralization using the shoulder line. This is the main mechanism for succumbing to greater force. It encourages the practitioner to guide the opponent's force so that it falls into the void using the line of the shoulders. The sides of the two-dimensional isosceles triangle, which is described in the section on correct body position, can be thought of as a path along which a Wing Chun practitioner can reduce the vector of the opponent's resultant force.

Using body structure.

The Wing Chun principle states “Ying Siu Bo Fa, Ying Fu Sung Yung” (structure neutralizes, legs disperse, opponent can be controlled with less force). This principle shows the importance of proper body structure and footwork.

Correct body structure means:

immobility of elbows;

using structure to “roll down” enemy strength;

the weight is on one leg;

the movement comes from the lower back;

Point 1 has already been addressed. Points 2-4 are beyond the scope of this article. The following illustration by Sifu Chou gives the reader an idea of ​​the structure from which the force rolls off and the distribution of weight on one leg.

The correct structure allows the practitioner to be pliable like a willow tree in the following ways:

Remaining in one place while absorbing the opponent's force into the practitioner's body, forming a vector to direct the force directly from its point of application to the ground, where the opponent's force is safely redirected;

Rotate the body while controlling the center line and accompanying the opponent's attack so that they fall into the neutralizing line of the shoulders formed by the two-dimensional isosceles triangle, becoming safe. However, the dynamics of real combat are such that sometimes the practitioner must step back, especially if the fight is fought with a person who can move quickly or deliver a blow much more powerful than the practitioner's motionless body can absorb. This is where the footwork from the second part of the "Ying Siu Bo Fa" principle comes into play.

Using footwork.

Applications from "Ying Siu Bo Fa" as stated above in "Using Structure" when structures static body or turning the body in place is not enough to neutralize the enemy’s attack, a step back becomes necessary. In our lineage of Wing Chun, the use of the legs allows the practitioner to either move the body completely away from the direction of the attack, or to follow the vector of the opponent's force. Footwork requires the practitioner to move into a strategically advantageous position from which to counterattack, while maintaining 100% of the weight on one leg paired with a properly aligned shoulder line. Using footwork has other purposes as well. Introducing the legs into the process allows you to expand the area of ​​​​movement available to the Wing Chun practitioner in order to not only neutralize, but also close the gap, catch up, bridge and follow the opponent's movements in all directions. At the same time, the opponent's movements will be cut off, limited, or fall into the void, not finding an opportunity to use force against the practitioner.

Conclusion.

In this article we introduced the reader to the unique features of the Wing Chun direction, how it came to Sifu Chow Tze Chuen from the Great Master Yip Man. Using the key points - the fundamentals of Wing Chun coupled with the ability to be as pliant as a bending and swaying willow tree during a violent storm - makes Wing Chun Kuen a reasonable and superior martial arts style in our opinion. In the words of Grand Master Yip Man, "If you stand on the highest mountain, there is no one higher than you. Wing Chun is higher than us."

Sifu Donald Mac.

February 2000.

STYLE KARATE

often identified with traditional karate, although these are different concepts. Traditional karate should be understood as those areas that have retained the ideology, basic principles, course of action, program content and training methods in the state in which they were laid down by the founders.

Essentially, traditional karate is a cultural and aesthetic phenomenon, the main goal of which is to preserve and popularize Japanese traditions in martial art. Training athletes or masters of hand-to-hand combat is not the task of traditional areas.

Martial art, from the perspective of traditional Japanese attitudes, is expressed in the demonstration of exquisite movements filled with strength and speed, as well as in the cultivation of a perfect body and warrior spirit. By now, there are practically no truly traditional trends in karate left.

What is widespread today are style trends that have retained some traditional features. The names, symbols, rituals, as well as the technique of performing the kata, interpreted by the masters of each subsequent generation, were inherited from previous generations. This is mainly due to the wide spread of sports and commercial karate, as well as the emergence of a large number of new types, many of which are aimed at commercial success.

COMPLEX MARTIAL ARTS

an applied form of combat sports, created in 2003 on the basis of the most rational techniques and tactics of boxing and kickboxing, freestyle wrestling and sambo - in conditions of active confrontation, against the background of high mental stress and physical fatigue. Complex Martial Arts consists of two versions: Sports-applied and universal-full-contact. The applied sports version began to emerge at the Moscow Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 1996 and is basic training on the formation of motor skills of striking and wrestling techniques. According to this version, the largest part of competitions and training is carried out, and the competition consists of two rounds of three minutes of pure time with a minute break. The first round is a striking combat with boxing gloves and protective equipment, where punches to the head and kicks to the defense are allowed. The second round is wrestling without protective equipment, with throws and painful holds. The winner is determined by the highest number of points scored in two rounds or a clear victory - by knockout or submission.

The universal full-contact version has begun to be implemented in the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation, after the tournament of the strongest special forces fighters, which took place in Moscow in 1992. The version is a kind of testing ground for testing the effectiveness of various techniques in conditions of tough confrontation, without protective equipment and boxing gloves.

In competitions according to this version, within the framework of one fight, divided into three two-minute rounds with a minute break between them, punches, kicks, throws and painful holds are allowed.

In 2003, it was decided to bring both directions together, resulting in the emergence of the Integrated Martial Arts system. It was decided to promote it as an independent sport within the framework of the Integrated Martial Arts Federation, established on April 11, 2003 at a conference that included 49 regions of Russia.

ORIENTAL

Mixed martial arts style. It is interesting, first of all, because it is a system mixed martial arts, synthesis of striking techniques with hands and feet and fighting according to uniform rules.

Since ancient times, humanity, in an effort to protect itself, has invented a variety of methods and methods of self-defense, and improved weapons. It was in this context that the gradual development took place combat arts that have largely lost their combat orientation and turned into sports. The East was the ancestor of most of the modern hand-to-hand combat systems. However, in everyday consciousness, most of the latter, both ancient and quite modern, are associated with the Far East, primarily with China, Japan and Korea. In the last decades of the last century in this list Thailand also entered. This is not surprising - karate, jiu-jitsu, judo, wushu, taekwondo and Thai boxing are extremely popular around the world. However, the Middle East has also given the world its combat systems, some of which are becoming widespread these days. Perhaps the most diverse and detailed such system is the Iranian oriental.

This martial art got its name from Mount Arvant (Iranian “Alvand”), located near the city of Hamadan. In addition, the term “oriental” has long become commonly used in the meaning of “oriental”. Thus, this system is an oriental martial art.

Orientalism began its development in Hamadan in the second half of the last century. The “father” of this style was a specialist in various types of martial arts, master Mohammad Hasem Manuchihri. The basis for creating a new martial arts First came the ancient Iranian form of wrestling - koshti, the martial art-game alak dolak, as well as the so-called shadow wrestling. Soon the basic techniques and strikes of boxing, karate, freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, as well as judo were included in Oriental. As a result, it was formed complex martial arts, which includes all aspects of hand-to-hand combat - work in a standing position, including strikes with hands, knees, elbows; in a grip, using various throws, hooks and drops; as well as on the ground, with striking, painful and suffocating techniques.

Since the early 70s of the 20th century, Oriental has gone beyond Hamadan and began to spread in the southern and eastern parts of Iran. However, a series of political upheavals that overtook the country just at this time could not but affect the development of sports. It was seriously complicated and inhibited. The first national championship took place only about 30 years later - in 2000. By this time, thousands of Iranians were engaged in oriental painting. By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, at least 15 thousand adherents of this style were recorded in the Islamic Republic. In 2005, the World Oriental Federation (World O-sport Federation) appeared, which began to spread under the name O-sport. This discipline has been recognized by the United Nations, as stated personally by its Secretary General Kofi Annan, emphasizing the national, Iranian basis of Orientalism.

In oriental sports, both striking and throwing techniques are allowed, as well as techniques for working on the ground using wrestling and painful holds (mixed fight). Adherents of various martial arts and schools can find themselves in oriental sports because this sport consists of several sections.

ARMY HAND-HAND COMBAT

This is a universal system of teaching defense and attack techniques, which has absorbed all the best from the arsenal of world martial arts, tested in real combat activities, and worked out on the multinational Russian soil.

Date of birth EPIRB it is generally accepted 1979 when in the city of Kaunas on sports base The 7th Guards Airborne Division held its first championship airborne troops. Created by specialists and enthusiasts of physical training and sports of the Airborne Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, and other types and branches of the military, the ARB was successfully introduced into the training program and became the main component of the forms of physical training of military personnel.

The versatility of hand-to-hand combat training, the entertainment of fights, reliable protective equipment and clear refereeing made the new kind sport popular among military personnel. This made it possible to hold the first Armed Forces Championship in Leningrad in 1991, which determined the paths and directions for the development of the ARB.

The Military Institute of Physical Culture (VIFK) became the educational and methodological base for the development of ARB. At the Department of Overcoming Obstacles and Hand-to-Hand Combat, future specialists in physical training and sports of the Armed Forces and law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation, CIS countries, near and far abroad are trained in the basics of ARB. In the hand-to-hand combat center, instructors are trained, coaches and judges improve their skills. The research center is engaged in the development and publication of manuals, textbooks and teaching aids on hand-to-hand combat.

In order to popularize and develop the ARB, on the initiative of the Sports Committee of the Ministry of Defense (SK MO), it was created in 1992 Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Combat (FARB) within the framework of the Army Association of Contact Martial Arts (AAKVE). The purposeful work of the FARB together with the IC of the Moscow Region made it possible to include the ARB in the military sports classification for 1993-1996, into the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification for 1997-2000, to develop and publish competition rules in 1995 and to receive from the State Sports Committee of Russia the right to provide documents for awarding the title “Master of Sports” and sports categories.

Martial arts are a set of skills, techniques and techniques aimed not so much at attack, but at protecting loved ones and self-defense. Most of them originate in the East and Asia and have ancient history and many directions and styles.

Despite the fact that achieving results in any type of martial arts is not easy and you will have to go through many injuries and unfortunate failures, practicing any martial arts will not only give you a feeling of self-confidence and your abilities, but will also raise your overall social status.

The list below consists of the ten best martial arts for self-defense. If you are interested in choosing a martial arts for the most effective defense, then you should definitely read this rating to the end.

Kickboxing is a combat sport that originated in the United States in the 1960s. It is based on punches and kicks along with martial arts techniques (sweeps, throws, etc.). It has quite a few branches, the most famous of which is Muay Thai - roughly translated as “the art of eight limbs.”

Karate is a Japanese martial art that uses precisely targeted, powerful punches and kicks delivered to vital points of the body to crush an opponent. This sport was invented in 1929 by Funakoshi Gichin, influenced by the ideas of Zen Buddhism. In Karate, special emphasis is placed on dodging.

In eighth place in the ranking of the best martial arts for self-defense is Aikido, a Japanese martial art whose peculiarity is the use of throws and grabs. It was founded by Morihei Ueshiba between the 30s and 60s of the 20th century. Aikido focuses on using the opponent's strength against himself. It is considered one of the most difficult Japanese martial arts to master.

Wing Chun is a Chinese martial art that uses a variety of fighting techniques. It is for this reason that Wushu is considered an applied direction. Characterized by effective departures from the line of attack, complemented by instant, straightforward strikes at a very close range. Often the fight ends with knees and elbows. An experienced fighter who masters the Wing Chun style is capable of inflicting up to eight blows per second on the enemy.

Jiu-Jitsu is the most versatile style on this list. This is a real hybrid, including elements of wrestling, hard strikes, choking techniques, locks, etc. Jiu-jitsu is one of the oldest types Japanese wrestling. The main principle of jiu-jitsu is not to engage in direct confrontation, but to yield to the onslaught of an opponent, directing his actions in the right direction until he is trapped, and then turning the enemy’s strength and actions against him.

Jeet Kune Do was created by Bruce Lee and translated from Chinese means “the way of the leading fist.” Today, this style of martial arts is considered one of the most popular in the world. It is taught in many countries. However, Bruce Lee himself did not call Jeet Kune Do a “style”, but preferred to call it a “method”. According to his philosophy, the Jeet Kune Do method can be used in any form of martial arts. Here the emphasis is on punch speed and combinations.

Boxing ranks fourth on the list of the best martial arts for self-defense. I think almost everyone knows that a boxer has the fastest, strongest and most accurate punch of any trained fighter in any other martial art.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a martial art that is an international combat sport, the basis of which is ground fighting, as well as painful and choking techniques. This art is based on the principle that a person with an underdeveloped physique can successfully defend himself and defeat a more powerful opponent using the appropriate technique (painful holds and choking).

Keysi Fighting Method (KFM) is a self-defense system based on the development of natural human instincts and a number of techniques taken from the arsenal of boxing and street fighting. KFM is based on a small arsenal of techniques adapted to a specific situation. The system was created in 1957 by the Spaniard Justo Dieguez and the Englishman Andy Norman, both of whom are Jeet Kune Do instructors.

The best martial art for self-defense is Krav Maga, an Israeli martial art developed by Imi Lichtenfeld for self-defense purposes. There are no exact rules in Krav Maga and there is no difference between training for men and women. The system is not considered a sport, it does not have a special uniform and competitions, although some organizations, as training progresses, award various levels and emblems. All techniques focus on maximum effectiveness in real-life conditions, as well as natural reflexes, simple movements and aggressive defensive techniques. The main principles of Krav Maga are: do not take damage, quickly disable the attacker, quickly move from defensive to offensive techniques, use body reflexes, and vulnerabilities enemy, use any available item.