Basics of designing sports facilities in IVS. Classification, calculation of needs, design principles and documentation of a sports facility. Indoor skating center in Krylatskoye

Main questions:

1. Classification sports facilities

3. Methods, types and stages of designing sports facilities

4. Documentation, rights and obligations of sports

structures

1. CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS FACILITIES

A sports facility is a specially built and appropriately equipped structure of an indoor, semi-open or open type that provides classes and competitions in physical culture and sports.

Based on the nature of use and purpose, the following sports facilities are distinguished:

1) educational and training facilities, intended only for the educational and training process;

2) demonstration, designed to hold competitions with the participation of spectators;

3) for active rest, general physical training groups.

Educational and training facilities include all sports facilities built and equipped for training and training sessions on physical training and sports. All sports facilities that have special places for spectators are demonstration ones. These include stadiums, sports palaces, multi-purpose grounds, bicycle tracks, skiing, alpine skiing stadiums, etc. Sports facilities for active recreation are designed to host mass sports events. health work. It is advisable to locate them in parks, forests, near reservoirs, etc. However, some sports facilities may include all three purposes.

According to their architectural, planning and space-constructive features, sports facilities are divided into volumetric and planar. The volumetric ones include all indoor sports facilities: gyms, sports palaces, indoor swimming pools and arenas; to flat sports fields and playgrounds, obstacle courses, shooting ranges, athletics and speed skating tracks, cross-country skiing and alpine skiing trails, cross-country distances, etc.

Based on location, they are divided into microdistrict, district, interdistrict and citywide.

Sports facilities are divided into separate and complex. A separate sports facility is one structure intended for practicing one sport or several, subject to the transformation of the equipment. Complex ones consist of several separate sports facilities located on the same territory or in one building (stadiums, sports palaces, swimming pools with several baths, complex grounds, multi-hall sports buildings and other sports facilities of a similar type). Complex sports facilities are designed for training in several sections of physical training or several sports. Each individual sports facility structurally consists of three elements:

1. The main structure where the actual incident took place
dits the process of physical training and sports.
2. Auxiliary structures, which include:
premises for servicing students; premises and
structures for engineering and technical services; premises
economic and auxiliary; administrative premises.

3. Facilities for spectators - stands, benches, chairs, standing areas and service rooms.

2. Calculation of the need for sports facilities

The calculation of the need for the construction of new sports facilities during the USSR was made for every thousand residents of a given area or for the number of schools and their parallels, i.e., complete sets of classes.

Plans for the construction of structures are being developed in all regions and districts of the republic. They are part of urban renewal plans. Special institutes carry out comprehensive design for individual residential areas in established architectural ensembles of cities.

Long-term calculations were carried out taking into account that by 1980 the standard requirement per thousand inhabitants for flat structures should have been 0.62 hectares, gyms - 110 m 2 of floor area, the water surface in indoor swimming pools should have reached 12 m 2, and in open - 55 m2.

In the Republic of Belarus there is a need for athletics arenas, gyms, and swimming pools. First of all, this applies to the gyms of secondary schools, since with the introduction of three lessons per week, two or three classes are studying in the gym at the same time.

When calculating the prospects, the general plans for the development of a particular locality are determined. In them, along with economic, cultural and social tasks, a certain place is given to physical culture and sports. The future is calculated in two directions: the first is the increase in the number of sports facilities in each link of the general network at the place of residence and the second is the development of sports facilities at educational institutions, in particular at schools, since school construction is always consistent with general urban planning.

In addition to the main factors - the growth in the number of residents, determining the number of available sports facilities, their quality readiness and transport accessibility, the sports interests of residents should be taken into account, geographical position, climate features and many other factors characteristic of a given locality.

To determine the need for the construction of sports facilities, the priority and pace of development, taking into account the requirements of the population living in the area, research is carried out using special methods. Questioning, studying reporting documentation and development plans for a given area, surveying the population and analyzing their sports and physical education activities, recording attendance at bases and places of organized classes, studying the age group of a given area - these are the main data that underlie planning.

At long-term planning construction of educational sports bases, interests of students of schools and vocational schools are studied. For example, research in R.B. showed that the greatest interest among students is in football and volleyball, swimming and athletics are very popular, as well as basketball, boxing, gymnastics, freestyle wrestling, skiing and speed skating.

Studying the work experience of economic and physical education organizations showed that in long-term planning, in addition to taking into account identified interests, one should take into account the development of the industrial and economic potential of these cities, population growth, population composition by age, gender, interests and the development of non-productive consumption of residents, i.e. the desire for a culturally organized life , including physical education.

The prospects for the construction of sports facilities are calculated as follows.

To calculate the number of people wishing to engage in sports, the following data were used: 1) on the number of people involved at the time of calculation (e); 2) information about attendance (k); 3) data on the analysis of the interests of the population (c).

Having this information and indicating the sample size from the number of people surveyed (B), the number of those who expressed a desire to engage in this sport (M) and the general population of the total population (K), we will find out the total number of people who want to engage in sports and physical education (A) by formula:

where X is the number of sports facilities of this type; 7 - the number of days in a week in which this equipment should be operated; P - number of classes per week; C - one-time throughput; D—number of classes or shifts per day. As a result, the following sports facilities are required for the population aged 17 years and older.

3. Methods, types and stages of design

sports facilities

DESIGN METHODS:

Structural design. The design of a sports facility begins with the choice of a structural scheme, i.e., with determining the relationship between the horizontal and vertical elements of the future structure, determined by the purpose, volume and layout of the facility.

After choosing a design, a technical and economic assessment of the design solution is carried out. Its criterion is the cost of one square, cubic or linear meter. When calculating, take into account consumption building materials, labor costs, the degree of prefabrication and factory readiness of structures, their fire resistance, etc. The choice of a constructive solution determines the method of constructing the structure, the choice of this method and its justification.

Structural design is carried out taking into account the laws of architectural composition, determined by functional, technical, economic, aesthetic and structural requirements. In this case, design standards must be taken into account. Constructive design involves the use of artistic techniques and compositional means, such as dividing a structure into planar and volumetric elements, maintaining scale, proportions, rhythm, contrast, relationships between the whole and the particular, harmonious consistency and, most importantly, compliance with the functional purpose.

PROJECT TYPES:

There are standard, experimental and individual design.

A standard project is a project approved in accordance with the established procedure and intended for repeated use. The durability of a particular standard project always depends on many factors, the main of which arise as a result of new scientific and technological advances. Updating technology, applying new constructive and architectural-aesthetic principles, the emergence of new materials, mastering new construction methods, and finally, modern pedagogical requirements and expansion of methodological capabilities, new forms of organizing the educational process - this is not a complete list of factors influencing the viability of a typical sports facility project .

In our country, school buildings are built according to standard designs approved by the State Construction Committee and the Ministry of Education. The typical design of a group of sports facilities at schools always falls within the approved norms and requirements of SNiP for schools and boarding schools. At the school (depending on the number of students) it is planned to build a standard sports hall, a certain number of sports grounds. School sports facilities should be commissioned simultaneously with all groups of school buildings. By September 1, all newly constructed school buildings are commissioned, and the necessary groundwork for the next year is carried out from September to December. Typical projects are designed specifically for such construction periods.

Experimental design is carried out to determine the most rational type of sports facility. After testing the experimental facility in operation and confirming the effectiveness of its use, such a project is approved as a standard one.

An individual project is created for the construction of one sports facility. Typically, the need for an individual project is dictated by the peculiarities of local conditions or the special purposes and purpose of a given object. Example: a single training center for the country's Olympic team aquatic species sports, conceived as an Aquatic Sports Palace, where swimming, diving and water polo competitions can be held, was built in Minsk according to an individual project. It takes into account previously constructed and reconstructed facilities, as well as newly constructed sports facilities.

DESIGN STAGES:

Technical documentation, consisting of drawings, explanatory notes and estimates, is called a sports facility project.

The drawings give an idea of ​​the space-planning and structural design of the construction. Consolidated estimates, estimates for individual types of work and facilities determine the cost of the entire sports facility.

The initial document for construction is the design brief approved by the financing organization. This task forms the basis of the future project. A specialist in physical education should participate in its preparation.

The design assignment justifies: the contingent and number of students; list of facilities and their capacity; approximate calculation of the area of ​​the site for construction (including the area for landscaping, driveways, walkways, etc.); economic indicators of the cost of design and construction. A feasibility study is especially important when preparing assignments for the design of a large sports facility. It should consider issues of profitability of the structure during operation.

The calculation and explanatory note contains a description of the architectural, planning and design solution, as well as all the necessary calculations and indicators.

The approved task is a document according to which the city (district) executive committee, on the recommendation of the regional authority (for school sports areas and buildings), the Architectural Planning Department (APD) of the city or the chief architect of the village, allocates a site for construction. After this, the APU issues an architectural planning task (APZ), which formulates the requirements for the facility (number of floors, facade decoration, level of improvement, etc.).

The design assignment and the APP, after agreement with the sanitary inspectorate and the Fire Department, are those necessary documents, by which design organizations determine the scope of work.

The customer and the design organization enter into an agreement establishing financial and legal responsibility and determining the timing and cost of design by stages.

After receiving a design assignment from the customer, the documentation is developed in two stages: the first is the development of a technical project with estimate documentation, the second is the production of working drawings. It is possible to create a technical working design right away, but this is only used when designing small-scale sports facilities (individual playgrounds, the simplest premises for physical exercise).

There are general drawings, made in the form of plans and sections, and detail drawings - indicating all the parts and elements, their connections, and the necessary specifications. The technical design drawings show floor plans, sections: and facades, a general plan of the site, and in the working drawings, in addition to this, they provide foundation plans, sections, plans for floors and roofs, walls, drawings of non-standard parts and assemblies, plans for heating, ventilation, water supply networks , sewerage, electric lighting, gasification, telephone and radio installations, as well as the placement of all installed and secured educational equipment and sports equipment. All parts and assemblies are indicated according to the current catalogs of standardized elements for construction.

4. Documentation, rights and obligations

sports facility

The document defining the nature and condition of the sports facility is the passport. Certification of sports facilities in our country, first carried out in the forties, was carried out again as of January 1, 1975 on the basis of uniform criteria established by the USSR Sports Committee and approved by the Central Statistical Office of the USSR. This helped to accurately take into account the material base physical culture and sports, evaluate it in accordance with new achievements in the practice of sports construction.

The USSR Sports Committee determined the requirements for sports facilities that are subject to certification and one-time registration. It is accepted that a passport is a legal document characterizing production capacity, the technical condition of buildings and structures, and gives the right to establish a category and class for approval by states, open financial accounts in the State Bank, obtain limits on material and technical supplies and other operations related to operational , financial and economic activities.

According to the classification of sports facilities, a passport is drawn up for the following facilities: a) open individual facilities; b) open complex structures; c) covered separate structures; d) indoor complex structures.

An accounting card is drawn up both for structures included in the complex and for structures that are on an independent balance sheet.

The sports facility passport contains 7 sections (sections A - G), which reflect the following information.

On title page The passport indicates in which Department of Sports and Tourism it is registered, the full name of the sports facility and the category assigned to it.

Front side of the card

Department of Sports and Tourism

Approved:

Order \°_____ from „ * g.

REGISTRATION CARD

(name of site, fields)

Class ________ Book value_____

Year and month of commissioning___________

Building address_______________________

Back of the card

1. Size of the site (field) (in m)____________

2.Total land area (z. “-) of the site and its fencing

3. Coatings (earthen, special-purpose, rubber-bitumen, etc.)

4. Drainage system ____________

5.Electric lighting (suspended, floodlight)

6.Water supply and availability of irrigation facilities

7.____________ Changing rooms for men.___ .women. , showers for men, women..

men's toilets , female___ .

8.Seats for spectators (benches, stands)__

9.Site equipment_____________

10.Use of the site in winter (summer).

11.Additional requirements

The card was compiled by the director (manager) (Signature)

Chairman of the Sports Committee (Signature)

Date, stamp

Passport:

Section A reflects the exact address, subordination and affiliation, date of commissioning, book value, total area of ​​land, information about the design documentation according to which the sports facility was built, the nature of the heat supply, water supply, type of sewerage, ventilation system, type of electricity supply, radio installation , type and nature of fencing of the territory, as well as short description all engineering and technical services.

Section B contains information about all the main structures and premises, including their number, size, one-time throughput, illumination, coverage, drainage, and availability of media. This section also includes a complete description of all engineering and technical equipment of the main sports facility. For an individual sports facility, atypical for mass construction (shooting range, shooting range, shooting and hunting stand, archery area, sports center, bicycle track, equestrian base, ski base and ski stadium, ski resort, rowing base, yacht club, sailing station) constitute a separate appendix listing special data characterizing these structures.

Section B contains information about auxiliary structures and premises, their number and occupied space.

Section D includes information about residential premises and other buildings included in the sports facility complex, their composition and area.

Section D reflects the nature of structures intended for spectators, including stands, cloakrooms, toilets, recreation areas and foyers, and public catering areas.

Section E sets out technical characteristics, which describes the materials of structural elements of buildings and structures, their technical condition and simultaneous throughput.

In section G, additional information and comments that require registration are recorded.

The passport is certified by two signatures - the originator (the director of the given sports facility) and the chairman of the council of the physical education team under whose jurisdiction it is located.

The registration card must also be filled out for each individual open planar sports facility. It is also certified by signatures and sealed with the seal of the institution. As a rule, a registration card is drawn up in two copies for an open planar sports facility at schools. One of them is kept at the school, the other is transferred to the department of sports and tourism (according to territorial affiliation). For complex sports grounds with a passport, index cards compiled for each structure (as an appendix to the passport).

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE SPORTS FACILITY:

The regulations on the sports facility determine that it is intended for conducting sports, educational and training sessions, mass sports and recreational work among the population, competitions, sports holidays and other spectacular and socio-political events.

Work at such a facility proceeds according to plans approved by higher organizations. In addition to the listed tasks, the sports facility is designed to provide all types of mass sports work, both directly and by leasing sports facilities and sports equipment to state, cooperative, private and public organizations, enterprises, institutions and educational institutions, as well as individual citizens.

A sports facility can be on an independent balance sheet, with its own current account, or be part of the budget of a higher organization, enterprise, construction site, state farm, collective farm, institution, educational institution, trade union organization, sports organizations of trade unions and departments.

Schools, boarding schools, technical schools, vocational schools, physical education groups of housing offices or higher educational institutions on preferential terms, in accordance with government regulations available in this regard.

A sports facility is an independent organization, except for those cases when it is part of the premises of an educational institution. It has its own round seal and stamp. The funds of the sports facility are formed from income from the rental of its facilities, fees from competitions, sports events and other paid sports events, as well as from the receipt of contributions from paid groups and sections, subsidies from higher organizations to cover the costs of maintaining sports facilities and from the funds of organizations using the facility without paying rent.

The expansion of their own production enterprises, repairs, improvement and reconstruction of sports facilities, which are on the balance sheet of an enterprise, construction site, state farm, collective farm, institution, is financed by these organizations. In cases where a sports facility is on the balance sheet of a voluntary sports society, it is financed from income from the activities of either this society or higher organizations.

To repair and maintain its facilities, a sports facility has the right to use the help of organizations that carry out recreational and sports work among their employees at this facility. Each sports facility is required to have a set of standard sports equipment and equipment in accordance with the approved list, and for training sports facilities - by the relevant ministries or departments. The directorate of a sports facility is given the right to acquire and maintain sports and household equipment, educational equipment and various devices, as well as simulators that facilitate educational and training work.

The working capital of a sports facility is determined by the organization under whose jurisdiction it is located. In accordance with its capabilities, the sports facility implements plans for sports, physical culture, mass and economic activities on the basis of economic calculations. The staff of the sports facility is established by a higher organization within the allocated limit on the number of full-time employees and the wage fund. For sports facilities that are on the balance sheet of enterprises, construction sites, state farms, collective farms, institutions and organizations, a staff of service personnel is allocated and maintained by these organizations.

All types of educational, training, sports and recreational work, competitions and entertainment events, current and major repairs of fixed assets in accordance with approved plans, timely commissioning of equipment and inventory, radio, electricity, decoration, visual sports and political propaganda are provided by the administration and sports facility workers. They also carry out logistical support for these works upon request, in a planned manner, based on established standards, in accordance with allocated funds, as well as through independent acquisition. In accordance with established standards, a sports facility must have stocks of sports equipment, materials, fuel and other resources that ensure uninterrupted and rhythmic operation. It independently maintains accounting records, records the loading and use of facilities, draws up reports on approved forms and submits them to the relevant authorities within the established time frame.

To reward employees for high performance in production activities and showing initiative when working at a sports facility, they use a bonus system and other measures and forms of incentives for workers and employees (when fulfilling and exceeding the quarterly plan) in accordance with the standard regulations on bonuses for employees of self-supporting sports organizations, facilities and bases for rental of sports equipment .

The sports facility exercises the right of ownership, use of its property and sports facilities and the right to use the land plot allocated to him in the manner prescribed by law. In cases where it includes individual objects, which does not have the rights of a legal entity and to which, at the same time, independent sports facilities are subordinated, it exercises all its rights and obligations in relation to the former, and in relation to the independent sports facilities subordinate to it, it acts as an economic management body.

A sports facility can create various physical education and health groups and children's specialized sports sections and schools, summer health camps and, on the basis of self-sufficiency, draw up estimates approved by higher organizations. It has the right to support sports coaches within the allocated non-staff salary fund, as well as through contributions from paid groups.

A sports facility is given the right to organize competitions for the prizes of its facility, to acquire and establish team and individual prizes to reward athletes participating in competitions at this facility. The plan for such events, as well as the daily load, taking into account the standards for each facility (according to the monthly and quarterly plan approved by the higher organization), is developed by the administration of the sports facility.

The work of the sports facility is headed by a director who is appointed to the position by a higher organization. He organizes all the work of the sports facility and bears full responsibility for its condition and activities. The director has the right, without a power of attorney, to act on behalf of the sports facility, represent it in all institutions and organizations, dispose of property and funds, enter into contracts, issue powers of attorney, open current accounts for the sports facility in banks and other organizations, issue orders for the sports facility, hire and dismiss workers.

Deputy directors of the sports facility - chief engineer and chief accountant - also bear full responsibility for the areas of work entrusted to them. They are appointed and dismissed by higher-level organizations on the recommendation of the director. The responsibilities of employees of a sports facility are determined by the job description approved by the management of the sports facility in accordance with existing legislation. Audits and inspections of the activities of a sports facility are carried out by higher or relevant control bodies.

The liquidation or reorganization of a sports facility is carried out by decision of the body that is authorized to establish the corresponding sports facility. In the event of a merger of a sports facility with another sports facility, all property rights and obligations of each of them are transferred to the sports facility resulting from the merger, and in the case of annexation of one to another, all property rights and obligations of the attached sports facility are transferred to the structure considered the main one. The liquidation of a sports facility is carried out either by a liquidation commission appointed by a higher body, or on behalf of this body by the director of the sports facility being liquidated. In this case, the procedure and terms for liquidation of the sports facility are established by a higher organization. The period (at least a month) for creditors to file their claims against the sports facility being liquidated is set by the body by whose decision the liquidation is carried out.

LITERATURE

1. Burlakov I.R., Neminutsky G.P. Specialized facilities for athletics: Textbook. – M.: “SportAcademPress”, 2001.- 116 p. (Sports facilities and equipment).

2. Burlakov I.R., Neminutsky G.P. Specialized facilities for team sports: Textbook. – M.: “SportAcademPress”, 2001.- 184 p. (Sports facilities and equipment).

3. Nikolaenko A.S. Athletic facilities. – Textbook for the Faculty of Physical Education. M., Enlightenment.-1976.- 270 p.

4. Sports facilities. - Textbook for physical education institutes. Edited by Yu.A. Gagina. M., FiS.-1976.-327 p.

5. Kistyakovsky A.Yu. Design of sports facilities. – a textbook for construction universities. M.: Higher School, 1973, 210 p.

6. Sports facilities. – Textbook for military IFC under the general editorship of Plakhtimenko V.A. and Melnikov V..Leningrad.-1984.- 260 p.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

TOMSK STATE ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY

Department of Architectural Environment Design

ABSTRACT on the topic:

Performed

st-ka gr.536

Garmash I.A.

Checked

Levchenko I.I.

Introduction

Fitness (English fitness, from the verb "to fit" - to fit, to be in good shape) - in a broader sense - this is a general physical fitness human body.

Physical fitness consists of the following elements:

preparedness of the cardiovascular system;

flexibility;

muscular endurance;

power;

development of a sense of balance;

good coordination of movements;

rapidity;

the ratio of muscle and fat tissue in the body.

In biology, the term “fitness” means the individual perfection of an individual, expressed in the success of transmitting genetic information to descendants. Biological fitness is determined both by the innate characteristics of an individual and by its physical condition and behavioral characteristics in specific environmental conditions.

In a narrow sense, fitness is a healing technique that allows you to change the shape of your body and its weight and permanently consolidate the achieved result.

Fitness is a whole science about healthy way life, helping to develop a willingness to organize one’s activities in an impermanent, changing world. This is a way of life aimed at improving a person’s well-being and physical condition. The fitness system originated in America. This word from English can be translated as “to be in shape”, “to fit the form”. The concept of “shape” is currently considered not only as the physical state of the body, but also as a state of health in general, the level physical activity, nutrition system, healthy habits. Fitness arose and developed as a counterbalance to a huge amount of sedentary work and physical inactivity. In the modern understanding, fitness took shape not so long ago and necessarily includes physical education and amateur sports, which implies Special attention to diet and food quality, refusal bad habits. Fitness classes, as a rule, radically change a person’s idea of ​​his purpose in life, and provide an opportunity to make his life healthy, fulfilling and interesting. Many people often start doing fitness with one goal - to lose weight. And having gotten to know this system better, they understand that fitness is a real philosophy of life. This is not only relieving fatigue, stress, tension, it is maintaining shape and the right path to a great mood.

Design of sports facilities

The construction of sports facilities is a separate area in the work of construction companies, which is receiving special attention today. After all, every new building is not just walls and platforms, it is well-designed buildings, equipped with all the latest technology. This is why the design of sports facilities is so important today.

A modern sports facility is a complex “organism” in which complex processes are intertwined and simultaneously taking place, continuous work on sporting achievements and the healing of the nation. But at the same time, complex engineering and technical systems help “sports people” achieve victories both in regional championships and Olympiads, and simply feel better while playing their favorite sport.

A full-fledged sports facility is more than just a building or a field. This is a meeting place for people - uniting like-minded people, inspiring communities of athletes and fans, creating an atmosphere of communication. It is a combination of thoughtful concept, planning, technology and design. Understanding this is the key to creating a successful project.

In our country, sports have always been treated with respect, but recently it has turned from an interesting and exciting activity into a fashionable one with all the ensuing consequences. The sports industry is constantly developing, producing a large number of new materials and technological solutions. It is worth noting the increasing requirements not only for high functional and strength characteristics of structures, but also for design (design). The following groups of sports facilities can be distinguished:

Universal sites

Volleyball and basketball courts

Tennis courts

Golf and mini golf courses

Shooting ranges and other shooting facilities

Gyms

Sports grounds

Each of the groups has its own characteristics during design and construction, but it makes no sense to describe them here, because they depend on both the specific type of terrain and the project. It is important to decide on the type of structure and, from the many projects and materials provided, choose those that are ideal for a specific project. For example, the use of lightweight metal structures allows you to give any geometric shape and number of floors to buildings. On the other hand, if the main idea is the proximity of nature, then almost the same structures can be erected using wood-laminated arches, which are quite durable and provide additional design opportunities.

Today sport is an integral part of our lives. How sporting events global and national scale, and competitions and trainings, in which you and I can directly participate, are becoming increasingly popular every day. That is why the mass construction of sports facilities today is one of the most significant areas of activity of various construction organizations.

However, the need for the construction of sports facilities is still quite high. After all, the main criteria for such premises are not so much the speed of construction, but quality, reliability, durability and functionality. Sports facilities must be a rather complex object, where, along with conventional and durable building materials, complex engineering systems must be used. Also, do not forget about such a component of construction as the cost of the project. And naturally, the lower it is, the better it is.

Universal sites. The main advantage of such a flat structure is its versatility, i.e. a combination of several playing fields: volleyball, basketball, mini-football, badminton, tennis courts, as well as various combinations of them.

Tennis courts. Now tennis is not just a sport, but an element of prestige and style. In addition, attachment to the game of tennis is observed among both wealthy citizens and people with low incomes. Therefore, the relevance of this structure is justified. On tennis courts not only play, but also make deals and, therefore, the courts must correspond quite high level. A Eurocourt with dimensions of 36x18 is suitable for very advanced tennis players, and for most intermediate tennis players a court of 34x17 or even 32x16 is quite comfortable. It is not recommended to build smaller courts, because... Over time, players will feel certain inconveniences from playing on such a court.

Cardio theater systems

Cardio exercises are very popular, but somewhat monotonous. In order to introduce the necessary variety and somehow occupy attention, exercise equipment in cardio zones are placed, orienting them in one direction, creating rows taking into account the location of the exercisers in such a way that everyone can clearly see a row or group of television monitors installed either under the ceiling or on the wall. This arrangement apparently caused an association with the theater and gave rise to the name itself - cardiotheater.

Attention! Important aspects of cardio zone design!

Monitor placement is the most important aspect when designing a cardio area. In this case, it is important to take into account not only the height of the monitors, but also how many monitors each student can view with a certain comfort. When building a system with collective monitors, it is highly desirable to ensure viewing of at least two or three monitors from one place; only in this case the cardiac theater system will fully reveal its potential. In this regard, it is obvious that the best solutions are those where the monitors form a wall or strip with minimal gaps between them.

It is also necessary to extend cables from the equipment rack to each simulator.

Sport halls

The location of gyms in a city depends on their purpose (whether they are universal in nature or intended only for sports) and on the sports traditions of the country, region or city. It is necessary to ensure convenient transport links, sufficient parking space, and convenient connections with other sports facilities.

Purpose of the hall: if possible, universal (multi-purpose).

Dimensions and shape of the hall. The size of the hall depends on the size of the playing field. A playing field measuring 20 x 40 m is required for the following games: roller hockey, hockey, handball, tennis, basketball, volleyball, badminton, volleyball and bicycle polo.

A field of this size is also suitable for figure skating, table tennis, boxing, wrestling, fencing, judo, weightlifting, as well as some athletics disciplines (shot put, long jump, high jump and high jump with a pole) and gymnastic exercises.

The height of the hall, depending on its size, can be 7 - 15 m in light. The ceiling of the hall most often has an arched shape with the rise of the arc in the zone of maximum flight height of the ball.

There should be no intermediate internal columns in the hall. The middle transverse axis must provide an unobstructed view of the entire playing field.

Natural and artificial lighting. Uniform illumination is required, characterized by the ratio E min / E max, according to DIN 5034 (“Natural lighting”); All types of ball games require soft lighting. The illumination of the spectator areas should be less to make the playing field stand out. Good general lighting (150 - 200 lux) for boxing, wrestling, gymnastics, table tennis, fencing, etc. competitions. should be supplemented with local directional lighting (Fig. 1).

Technical equipment (Fig. 2). For competitions, there must be places for spectators with a separate passage to them if possible. Mobile stands for spectators can be built into wall niches. It is advisable to provide in the middle of the hall, opposite the stands for spectators, a time board, a microphone and a lighting control panel.

Rice. 3 - Large and small sports halls at the Darmstadt Higher Technical School: 1 - apparatus; 2 - small hall; 3 - men's locker room; 4 - watchman's room; 5 - lobby; 6 - teachers' room; 7 - locker room for boys; 8 - timing, 9 - storage of sports suits; 10 - engine room; 11 - storage of balls; 12 - storage of cleaning equipment; 13 - large hall

Halls for sports games and gymnastics are located away from main streets and industrial enterprises (Fig. 3). The direction of the longitudinal axis of the hall is from east to west. The walls of the hall should be smooth, without protrusions or niches; the surface of the walls is durable, light and easy to clean. The wall covering must be acoustically efficient and the reverberation time must not exceed 1.8 s. If possible, hall doors should not be placed at the ends; placing doors along the middle axis, on which the gates for a number of sports games are located, is not allowed. When locked, doors must be flush with the wall (the door hardware is recessed into the leaves).

For portable gymnastic equipment, fastenings and storage places should be provided (for crossbars, ropes, rings, Swedish walls, basketball hoops must have fastening strips in the floor, beams for suspension, etc.). The axes of the projectiles must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the hall:

a) the axis of the ring stands runs through the middle of the hall;

b) the axis of the crossbar - at a distance of 6 m from the end wall opposite the entrance; the axis of the ropes is at a distance of 4-5 m from the end of the hall.

The window area should be 1/5 of the total surface area of ​​the walls. Gyms should have natural light, but not glare (sun visors and blinds should be provided); The installation of wide inter-window partitions, which cause sharp contrasts in lighting intensity, is not allowed. Glazing should be made of safety glass up to a height of 3.5 m from the floor level. Window sills at a height of ≥ 2.2 m can only be installed along one longitudinal side of the hall.

In physical education rooms, the window area should be ≥ 1/3 of the total wall surface area.

Diagram of the relative arrangement of rooms in a medium-sized gymnasium.

The installation of temporary seating for spectators in indoor sports facilities must prevent the possibility of them overturning or moving.

In addition to SNiP II-4-79, it is allowed to design without natural light: premises that are allowed to be located in the basement floors; sports demonstration and sports entertainment halls and skating rinks; rooms for instructors and coaching staff; massage rooms, steam rooms, as well as dry heat baths; parking spaces, pantries and other similar offices and premises.

In rooms with damp and wet conditions, the construction of niches in external walls for placing heating devices is not allowed. The exhaust ventilation system from sanitary facilities and smoking rooms may be combined with the exhaust ventilation system from showers.

Removal of air from halls, with the exception of bathtub halls of swimming pools, should, as a rule, be provided by exhaust systems with natural draft.

In small settlements, residential areas and rural areas, gyms without seats for spectators or with no more than 100 seats may be designed with natural supply and exhaust ventilation providing one air change per hour.

LIST OF PREMISES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS, WHICH PLACEMENT IS ALLOWED IN BASEMENTS AND SOCCER FLOORS

Basement floors

Boiler rooms; water supply and sewerage pumping stations; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; elevator machine room.

The vestibule with an exit from it to the outside through the first floor; dressing rooms, restrooms, washrooms, showers; smoking; changing rooms; women's personal hygiene cabins.

Storerooms and storage rooms (except for rooms for storing flammable and combustible liquids).

Shooting ranges; gyms and premises for training and physical education classes (without stands for spectators); ski storage rooms; billiard rooms; rooms for playing table tennis, bowling alleys.

Ground floor

All premises that are allowed to be located in basements.

Pass offices, information desks, registries, savings and other cash offices; transport agencies; patient discharge rooms; central linen.

Service and office premises.

Swimming pools, indoor skating rinks with artificial ice without stands for spectators.

At least two emergency exits must have basement and ground floors with an area of ​​more than 300 sq.m. or intended for simultaneous stay of more than 15 people.

SPACE-PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

General requirements

Gyms and skating rinks, depending on their purpose, can be: specialized or universal; with or without seats for spectators; sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment. The purpose of the hall (skating rink) is determined in the design brief

Sports-demonstration and sports-entertainment halls and skating rinks are designed, as a rule, to be universal: with an arena that can be transformed to alternately host competitions in several sports or several types of cultural, entertainment or social events.

Seats for spectators

In buildings intended for competitions, seats for spectators are provided in the form of stands or balconies, and in sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks - in the form of stalls.

Tribunes for spectators are designed, as a rule, in stationary structures with seating; in some cases, transformable or collapsible stands are used. Based on the above, the use of the following types of transformable stands can be recommended:

bleachers - stands consisting of sliding sections of a telescopic type;

tribune-type stands.

Both types of such stands have a limited number of rows (usually within 8-10 for seating), and their use in each individual case is determined by the specific nature of their use.

The bleacher stand, in the form of retractable sections, has a strictly fixed location (attached to the walls of the hall or to a stationary stand with the first row raised above the arena) and therefore can have limited use. By extending a different number of individual sections, it is possible to change the capacity of this stand, which can be of practical importance during the operation of the structure.

The stall-tribune has a great advantage over bleachers, since it is mounted on a mobile platform and can easily move in any direction around the arena, providing the transformation required by the project. Due to the changing angle of inclination, the stall-tribune can be used as a regular flat stall, which is very important when transforming the arena for cultural, entertainment and public events (meetings, concerts, etc.), when a stall is required.

To ensure visual perception of what is happening in the arena, when placing spectator seats on the balcony, it is recommended to place one row of seats on it and one for standing at the rate of 9 spectators per 2 m of the balcony. The balcony is arranged, as a rule, along the longitudinal walls of the hall and preferably so that the projection of the balcony is outside the arena; the balcony should also not interfere with the placement of sports equipment underneath it.

Dimensions of seats in the stands:

row depth on stationary stands is 0.8-0.9 m (on bleaches it can be reduced to 0.75 m);

seating width - 0.45 m;

seating depth on stationary stands - 0.4 m (on bleachers it can be reduced to 0.35 m);

seat height above the aisle floor level - 0.43 m.

Auxiliary premises

The dressing room is usually not located in a separate room, but is combined with the lobby. In those rare cases, when it is placed in a separate room, a free strip is provided in front of the dressing room barrier (along it) at the rate of 0.03 m2 per place in the dressing room, but the width of the strip should not be less than 1 m. The depth of the dressing room behind the barrier no more than 6 m is provided.

Employees' outer clothing is, as a rule, stored at the workplace and is not taken into account in the calculation of the dressing room for students (or spectators). With a staff of 40 people. and more for their outerwear, places are provided that can be placed in a common dressing room; in these cases, the number of places is determined in relation to the staffing table and is indicated in the design assignment (Fig. 4, 5).

Rice. 4 - Examples of plans for arranging equipment in the premises of medical rehabilitation centers (m): a - doctor’s office (manager of the center); b - electrical and light therapy room; in - shower room; g - underwater shower-massage; d - room for testing with physical activity; e – procedural. 1 - doctor’s table; 2 - electrocardiograph; 3 - spirograph; 4 - examination couch; 5 - bicycle ergometer; 6 - medical cabinet; 7 - phonograph; 8 - couch for electro- and light therapy; 9 - ultraviolet irradiator; 10 - light-thermal irradiator; 11 - device for UHF therapy; 12 - device for ultrasound therapy; 13 - apparatus for electrical stimulation of a mouse; 14 - short-wave ultraviolet irradiator; 15 - apparatus for treatment with diadynamic currents; 16 - apparatus for magnetic therapy; 17 - drying and exhaust cabinet; 18 - boiler-sterilizer; 19 - control panel for the hydrotherapy department; 20 - circular shower; 21 - rain shower; 22 - ascending shower; 23 - hygienic shower; 24 - underwater shower-massage bath; 25 - apparatus for underwater shower-massage; 26 - refrigerator; 27 - tool table; 28 - portable screen

Rice. 5 - Examples of blocking premises of a medical rehabilitation center (m): a - diagram of a block of hydrotherapy premises of a medical rehabilitation center; b - diagram of the block of “dry” premises of the medical rehabilitation center. 1 - shower room; 2 - underwater shower-massage; 3 - dressing room; 4 - dry heat bath chamber; 5 - shower room with bathtub; 6 - rest room; 7 - staff room; 8 - pantry; 9 - doctor’s office (head of the center); 10 - procedural; 11 - massage; 12 -room for testing with physical activity; 13 - electrical and light therapy room; 14 - room for processing gaskets

Daylight

To ensure the best uniformity of lighting, it is recommended to use strip light openings along the walls or ceiling; with double-sided side lighting, it is recommended to place light openings evenly along each wall based on the condition that the areas of light openings in opposite walls can differ by no more than twice (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6 - An example of calculating the natural lighting of a hall in a combination of side lighting and top lighting

If it is impossible to provide the required (calculated) area of ​​side lighting, it is planned to combine it with the top one; in this case, the light openings of the overhead lighting are placed only above that part of the floor of the hall, the lighting of which is not provided by the side light openings.

In gyms and choreography classes, the orientation of light openings with one-sided side lighting is recommended to be taken in areas north of 48° north latitude, as a rule, to the southeast, and in areas south of 48° north latitude - to the northeast.

When installing light openings for side lighting on two or more sides, the wall with the largest area of ​​openings should be oriented in areas north of 48° north latitude to the southeast, and in areas south of 48° north latitude - to the north. In the halls of skating rinks with artificial ice, regardless of the location area, the orientation of the light openings of one-way side lighting should be taken to the north.

Protective measures against the glare of sunlight should be provided in cases where light openings are located at the ends of the playing field or are located opposite a stationary stand for spectators.

Premises for physical education and health activities for the population

Premises and halls for physical education and recreational activities (with auxiliary premises for their maintenance) can be located in separate buildings for physical education and recreational purposes, be part of sports buildings, and also be attached and built into buildings for other purposes (including residential ).

Approximate sizes and capacity of premises and halls for various types of physical education and recreation activities.

In built-in premises and during the reconstruction of existing premises it is allowed:

changing the dimensions given in this table, but so that the area of ​​the hall is at least 140 m2, while the capacity is taken at the rate of 11 m2 per student;

height reduction to 4.2 m.

If there is no hall for general physical training or other premises in the building that would allow warming up before training on exercise machines, the area of ​​the room with exercise equipment is taken at the rate of 6 m2 for each exercise machine (equipment), but not less than 70 m2 (for rooms, built into residential buildings, the above condition does not apply).

The width of the room is at least 3 m.

In built-in premises and during the reconstruction of existing premises, the height, with appropriate sports and technological justification, can be reduced to the height of the building floor.

Note. In cases where the carrying out of physical education and health classes indicated in this table is provided for in the project in sports halls or in premises whose dimensions exceed those given in the table, the capacity for these classes is assumed to be 25 people. (one group).

In rooms and halls where ball games are played, protective devices are provided on windows and lighting fixtures. In order to protect those involved from injuries, the inner surface of the walls is provided without protrusions and niches, and if the latter are present, it is recommended to place sport equipment or heating devices that are covered with screens so that their surface is flush with the wall.

The area of ​​the vestibule and dressing room for outerwear for students is determined according to paragraphs. 3.49 and 3.50 of this Manual, bearing in mind that the area of ​​the lobby is taken to be at least 12 m2, and the area behind the dressing room barrier is at least 6 m2.

In premises for physical education and recreational activities, inventory rooms are provided for storing portable equipment and inventory. In premises for group classes for general physical training (including ball games) measuring 24´12 m and 18´12 m, the equipment area is recommended to be 18 m 2 (6´3 m), and for a room size of 18´9 m - 15 m 2 (6´2, 5 m).

In the case of using wall-mounted transformable equipment in these rooms, as well as in other rooms given in table. 18 (except for the table tennis room), the inventory area is recommended to be 8 m2.

The presence of the premises of the medical rehabilitation center allows them to be used by the population on the basis of paid services, and therefore, when making a space-planning solution for the structure, it is advisable to take into account the possibility of autonomous use of the center’s premises by the population with convenient communication with the rest of the main and auxiliary premises.

Direct natural lighting is provided in all main rooms for physical education and recreation activities and can, as a rule, be lateral (one-sided or two-sided). The estimated area of ​​light openings is taken to be within 12-17% of the floor area of ​​the room.

It is recommended to use strip light openings along the walls to ensure uniform illumination. When installing two-way lighting, it should be borne in mind that the areas of light openings in opposite walls can differ by no more than twice.

EXAMPLES OF EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENT PLANS IN PREMISES FOR PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

In Fig. 7-12 show examples of floor plans for various types of physical education and recreational activities with the arrangement of the necessary equipment.

In rooms measuring 24´12 m and 18´12 m (see Fig. 7), general developmental exercises are planned to be carried out in a space free from gymnastic equipment using exercise machines and gymnastic walls.

In rooms for group wrestling classes (see Fig. 8), the walls adjacent to the mats laid on the floor should have soft upholstery.

For rhythmic gymnastics, choreography and women's recreational gymnastics, the best room is 12 x 12 m in size, shown in Fig. 9 adj. 3 of this Manual. In Fig. 3 of this appendix provides a floor plan for these minimum size classes. The platform for the trainer can be portable or wall-mounted (folding), and mirrors and choreographic machines are installed permanently.

In Fig. Figures 7-9 show diagrams of plans for arranging equipment in rooms with simulators for the development of various physical qualities. At the same time, in Fig. 7 and 8, in rooms of the same size, simulators of different composition are installed.

Rice. 7 - Schemes of room plans measuring 24´12 m and 18´12 m for group classes in general physical training on wall-mounted transformable gymnastic equipment and exercise machines (dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 8 - Schemes of room plans measuring 15´9 m and 12´9 m for group classes with wrestling elements (dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 9 - Layout of a 9´9 m room for group classes rhythmic gymnastics, choreography and women's health-improving gymnastics(dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 10 - Plans of rooms measuring 12´12 m and 12´9 m with the placement of exercise equipment in them (dimensions in centimeters)

Fig. 11 - Floor plan of a 9´9 m room with the placement of exercise equipment in it (dimensions in centimeters)

Rice. 12 - Plan of a room measuring 9´9 m with the placement of exercise equipment from the KAP-2 set (dimensions in centimeters)

Indoor skating center in Krylatskoye

The main goal of the design of the KCC was the creation of an artificial ice field, allowing year-round training of speed skaters at the level of the highest world requirements, as well as holding competitions up to the world championships or Olympic Games in speed skating. The indoor skating center (ISC) in Krylatskoye is the first indoor skating rink in Russia with a 400-meter running ice track. KCC is a 2-6-storey building with a semicircular shape in plan. This shape made it possible to build a main grandstand for 6,000 spectators on the most spectacular side - at the finish line. The long-span covering over the Arena and the stands (117 m in the radial direction) is designed in the form of two rows of fan-shaped diverging wood-metal trusses, supported by a reinforced concrete trunk of the base of the main support, on reinforced concrete columns along the perimeter and suspended by steel cables to an L-shaped pylon (total height 70 m ) with guy wires embedded in the foundation. The facades are lined with silver Alucobond cassettes and white Minerite panels. Canopies over the galleries are made of polycarbonate in three shades of blue.

Ice Sports Palace on Khodynka Field

The Ice Sports Palace is located in a significant place of the Khodynskoye Field: on the one hand, it completes the left flank of the extended panorama of the ground floor development in the south, and on the other, it closes the perspective of the runway in the east. Volume-spatial solution of the building Ice Palace logically follows from the general urban planning solution of the block - the passages to it through the block are picked up by wide ramps that spirally encircle the cylinder (with a diameter of 120 meters and a height of more than 40 meters) of the main volume of the palace building and lifting viewers to the upper levels, where, starting from the second floor, vestibules are designed and foyer. The direction of movement of the entrance ramps is repeated by the light-transmitting canopies above them, which in turn transform into the roof canopy of the building. The main building has 9 above-ground floors and a basement. The Ice Palace is intended for training sessions and hockey competitions, figure skating, for other sports (basketball, boxing, tennis, gymnastics), as well as for performing variety shows.

Multifunctional sports and entertainment complex with apartments "Yacht City" (Nikolai Lyzlov). Plot allocated for the construction of a multifunctional sports and entertainment complex with apartments, located between the Leningradskoye Highway and the shore of the Khimki Reservoir, north of the Lebed microdistrict. The site goes directly to the shore of the reservoir, and therefore it is planned to build an embankment. The area of ​​the site is 1.618 hectares. Access to the building is supposed to be organized from Leningradskoye Highway. The landscaped territory of the complex descends in a cascade of three ledges from the building line of the Leningradskoe Highway to the shore of the Khimki Reservoir, and continues with harbor structures for small sports and pleasure boats opening into the water area. The main part of the landscaped area is located above the underground parking garage structures. Landscaping of the territory involves planting a large number of plants, not only at the ground level, but also on the roofs of buildings. There is a guest parking lot for 60 cars on the site, and parking for 600 cars in the underground level of the building.

The designed multifunctional sports and entertainment complex consists of three separate buildings united by a single basement of the underground part. In the underground part of the structure, which has two levels, there is a parking garage, divided into three fire-proof blocks, with two hundred parking spaces in each.

The longest of the buildings – building “1” – has a variable number of floors (8 – 13 floors). The ground and ground floors of the building are occupied by lobby groups of apartment premises. The part of the building overlooking the reservoir includes a spa, a fitness club with swimming pools, a children's entertainment center, a restaurant, snack bars and fruit bars. Above, across the technical floor, there are apartments with an apartment layout.

Above the floors of apartments, on the roof of the building there are five two-story penthouses.

The main functional content of building “2” of the designed complex is the premises of a hotel with 100 rooms.

The first floor of the building is occupied by premises for technical purposes and trade, on the second floor there are auxiliary purposes and a hotel restaurant, and on the third – fifth floors there are hotel rooms.

Building “3” consists of eight interconnected three-story townhouses. The first floors are occupied by vestibule groups, and above are residential premises.

Facing the water, the western part of the first floors of the complex will be filled with fitness center premises.

The main (“1”) building of the structure will not have a completely built-up first floor, remaining transparent to the flow of people moving along the shore of the reservoir.

Sports complex of the tennis center on Leningradskoye Shosse. (Vladimir Plotkin). The location of the complex in the water protection zone of the Khimki Reservoir determined the nature of the design solution, which involved minimizing the visual impact on the environment. The 4-level building of the tennis center is buried in the ground, reaching the surface with an exploitable green roof that has a slight slope.

University of Cincinnati Student Recreation Center

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Neelov V.A. Civil buildings. VS, 1987.

2. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings. Civil buildings. Stroyizdat. 1993.

3. Maklakova T.G. Architecture of the 20th century: a textbook for universities. 2001.

4. SNiP 2.08.02-89 (public buildings).

5. Appendix to SNiP 2.08.02-89 Sports facilities.

6. http://architektonika.ru/

7. http://archi.ru/

8. http://www.id4.ru/

9. http://www.archip.ru/ru/

A sports facility is a specialized structure that provides mass recreational physical education classes, educational and training work and sports competitions (Slide 2).

Sports facilities are divided into basic, auxiliary And facilities for spectators.

The main facilities are intended directly for physical education and sports, while the auxiliary facilities are intended to serve athletes and competition participants. These include wardrobes, showers, massage rooms, baths, judges' rooms, and premises for various services. Facilities for spectators include stands, pavilions, foyers, buffets, bathrooms ( Slide 3 ).

Depending on the functional purpose, they are distinguished separate(for one sport) ( Slide 4 ) And complex structures (several structures united geographically) ( Slide 5 ). The complex facilities also include a school sports ground, which also includes a school sports center with benches for spectators.

Depending on the scale, sports facilities in the city are divided into microdistrict, district, interdistrict, citywide, republican and central ( Slide 6 ).

The main element of the stadium structure is sports core(football field with stands for spectators, a running track and sectors for training athletics) (Slide 7 ).

Sports facilities must meet certain hygienic requirements, which are regulated by the relevant construction and sanitary standards and rules of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, industry normative and methodological documents of the State Committee for Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism.

Hygienic requirements for sports facilities are standardized by the following elements ( Slide 8 ):

· location of sports facilities within the boundaries of a populated area;

· orientation and layout of sports facilities;

· transport accessibility;

· state of the environment (air, water, soil);

· nature of landscaping and area of ​​green spaces;

· noise intensity level;

· microclimate of sports facilities (relative temperature and humidity, air speed).

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Basic hygienic requirements for the location, orientation and layout of sports facilities

Sports facilities are built on the windward side of objects that pollute the air (industrial enterprises, major highways, landfills) at a certain distance (sanitary protection zone).

When designing sports facilities, the climatic conditions of the region of future construction are taken into account. In the southern regions, training halls and utility rooms of sports facilities are best located in separate pavilions for better cross ventilation.

In northern regions, it is better to locate sports facilities with their long axis in the prevailing wind direction. In this case, it is better to allocate premises intended for maintenance on the windward side.

When constructing sports facilities, their orientation to the cardinal points must be taken into account. The amount of solar radiation entering through the windows into individual rooms of sports facilities depends on this.

Hygienically optimal is considered to be the orientation of the windows of sports facilities to the south and southeast, the location of the long axis of the indoor sports facility from east to west or from northeast to southwest ( Slide 9 ).

When oriented to the cardinal directions, the glare of direct sunlight is also taken into account. Therefore, the grounds for sports games, as well as the sports core of the stadium, are oriented along the longitudinal axes in the north-south direction with a permissible deviation of no more than 20°.

Side light openings of sports halls, indoor skating rinks and the halls of the baths and pools are oriented to the southeast.

Convenient access roads should lead to sports facilities, and the distance to the stop should be public transport should not exceed 500 m.

Green spaces reduce air pollution in sports facilities by 40–60% in summer and 10–15% in winter, and protect them from the wind. In accordance with hygienic standards and rules, the width of green spaces around the perimeter of the land plot must be at least 10 m. In this case, types of trees and shrubs are used that have good dust-proof ability ( Slide 10 ).

Basic hygienic requirements for building materials

The following basic hygienic requirements apply to building materials used in the construction of sports facilities ( Slide 11):

· low thermal conductivity;

sufficient breathability

· low sound conductivity;

· low hygroscopicity;

In the construction of sports facilities, reinforced concrete and brick are most widely used, while polymer materials are used for finishing and cladding of premises.

For floors in sports halls they are used wood coverings, in other rooms - linoleum, since it has good thermal insulation qualities ( Slide 12 ). This coating allows for systematic wet cleaning of floors using cleaning machines. indoors, requiring good waterproofing(showers, toilets, bathrooms), the floor is covered ceramic tiles.

In athletics and football arenas and indoor stadiums coatings are widely used synthetic materials, having high elasticity and elasticity ( Slide 13 ).

The walls of gyms are painted with paints and varnishes to a height not less than 1.8 m. This makes wet cleaning much easier. To paint the walls of sports facilities, paints of predominantly light colors with a matte surface that do not give glare are used.

Basic hygienic requirements for lighting of sports facilities

In many sports, training and sports activity athletes is accompanied by significant tension in the visual analyzer. Insufficient or irrational lighting causes severe eye fatigue. This leads to a decrease in special sports performance, which in turn is one of the causes of sports injuries.

Used in sports facilities natural and artificial lighting. Lighting for sports facilities must meet the following basic hygienic requirements ( Slide 14 ):

· be sufficient in level, uniform, without shine;

· the spectrum of artificial lighting should be close to daylight;

· Artificial lighting should be uniform and flicker-free.

Direct natural Gyms, swimming pool bath rooms, indoor skating rinks, doctor's offices, office premises should have lighting.

The main indicator of the real level of natural lighting of a sports facility is daylight factor (KEO), which shows the ratio of the illumination of a sports facility to the level of external illumination, expressed as a percentage ( Slide 15 ).

The source of natural light is the sun's rays. The level of natural lighting of sports facilities depends on their orientation, the design and area of ​​windows, the quality and cleanliness of window glass. The optimal height of the upper edge of the windows from the ceiling of the room is considered to be a distance of 15 - 30 cm. Window sills should be located no lower than 0.75 - 0.9 m from the floor of the room. In sports halls, window openings are placed in one of the longitudinal walls, with window sills at a level not lower than 2 m from the floor.

Another indicator of illumination of sports facilities widely used in hygienic practice is luminous coefficient. This is the ratio of the total window area to the total floor area of ​​the sports facility.

For sports halls, the light coefficient is at least 1/6, for swimming pools– 1/5 – 1/6, locker rooms, showers – 1/10 – 1/11.

For artificial The lighting of sports facilities uses fluorescent lamps.

Compared to incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps have a number of advantages: their light spectrum is much closer to that of the sun than that of incandescent lamps, they provide a “softer”, diffused and uniform light with an almost complete absence of shadows and glare on the illuminated surface. In addition, their brightness is many times less than that of incandescent lamps (this allows them to be used in sports facilities without lampshades).

The unit of illumination is considered luxury(lx) – illumination of 1 m2 of surface on which a luminous flux of 1 lumen (unit of luminous flux) falls and is evenly distributed. The minimum illumination level for sports halls and swimming pools should be at least 150 and 50 lux, respectively, sports arenas - at least 1000 lux, stands for spectators - 500 lux ( Slide 16 ).

Basic hygienic requirements for heating and ventilation

sports facilities

Optimal microclimatic conditions in indoor sports facilities are created using heating and ventilation systems.

In sports facilities it is usually used central heating . The heating system of sports facilities must not only maintain the required uniform temperature in the room despite any fluctuations in outside air temperature, but also ensure the required quality of the air environment.

The optimal air temperature for sports halls in the absence of seats for spectators is 15°C, for indoor skating rinks - 14°C, for the firing zone of indoor shooting ranges - 18°C.

In gyms, the temperature in the cold season should be 18°C, in the warm season – no higher than 25°C. The estimated temperature for locker rooms and showers, sanitary facilities is 25 °C, sports and recreation facilities are at least 18 °C ( Slide 17 ).

Microclimatic conditions in sports facilities also largely depend on relative humidity And mobility(speed of movement) of air. The hygienically optimal relative air humidity in sports facilities is 40–45% in the cold season and 50–55% in the warm season. In a sports facility, air mobility should be no more than 0.3 m/s; in wrestling, table tennis and indoor skating rinks - no more than 0.5 m/s ( Slide 18 ).

In sports halls, heating radiators must be covered with protective grilles located in the same plane as the wall.

For the timely removal of excess heat, moisture and harmful gaseous air pollutants generated as a result of the activities of athletes and spectators, sports facilities are equipped with special systems ventilation , natural and artificial ( Slide 19 ).

Efficiency ventilation systems in sports facilities, is assessed by providing each person with the required volume of air (air cube) and its regular replacement with outside air.

In accordance with hygienic requirements in gyms, the air cube is 30 m3, the ventilation volume is 90 m3 per person per hour, that is, within an hour the air must be completely exchanged at least 3 times ( Slide 20 ).

Natural ventilation in sports premises is carried out due to the movement of air resulting from the difference in temperatures inside and outside the room. It is capable of providing only 0.5 times the air exchange in indoor sports facilities per hour. In the absence of artificial ventilation, indoor sports facilities are ventilated primarily through vents and transoms. From a hygienic point of view, transoms are more appropriate, since through them the air first enters the upper zone of sports premises, warms up there, and then the heated air enters the breathing zone of visitors or athletes. In accordance with hygienic standards, the total area of ​​transoms in sports premises must be at least 1/50 of the total area of ​​their floor.

Artificial ventilation system. Local and central artificial ventilation are provided. Local is intended for air ventilation in only one room. For example, in windows or wall openings, preferably in the corner farthest from the door, a fan is installed, with the help of which air is either removed (exhaust) from the room or supplied (supply) into it.

Central artificial ventilation is a complex of special structures and technical devices that provide air to the entire indoor sports facility. She may be supply, exhaust or inflow-exhaust. Supply and exhaust ventilation in sports facilities is usually arranged according to the following scheme: using a fan, outside air enters the supply chamber, where it is mechanically cleaned of dust particles, and in cold weather it is also heated and supplied to the premises through ventilation ducts.

A network is installed to remove polluted air exhaust channels They are discharged into a common collector on the ceiling of sports facilities, and air is removed from it using a powerful fan. From a hygienic point of view, in a gym it is more advisable to place the supply and exhaust openings of artificial ventilation on opposite end walls. The best option for artificial ventilation in sports facilities among the above is considered to be supply and exhaust ventilation.

Ventilation systems for main and auxiliary premises must be separate.

The modern and most hygienically acceptable artificial ventilation system for sports facilities is air conditioning air. It automatically maintains the specified optimal parameters of the air environment for a sufficient time: temperature, relative humidity, speed of movement (mobility) and air purity.

Basic hygienic requirements for sports and recreation facilities

Sports and recreational facilities must meet the general hygienic requirements for all sports facilities. The place for their placement is selected taking into account the same hygiene requirements, as for other open sports facilities (remoteness from the main sources of air and soil pollution, noise, presence and sufficient area of ​​green spaces, availability of convenient access roads).

The site for the future construction of sports and recreational facilities will be located on the windward side of the main air pollutants (industrial enterprises, highways, etc.). The sanitary zone between them and industrial facilities must be at least 1000 m. Sports and recreational facilities must have specially equipped parking lots.

There are several types of sports and recreational facilities. The most common types of structures intended for short-term stays of students are forest parks and beaches.

Forest park. This is a landscaped forest with a certain landscape and planning structure, intended for free short-term active recreation of the population. On the territory of the forest park there are areas for active activities (swimming, sport games) and passive rest. The distance between active and passive recreation areas should not be less than 280 - 300 m ( Slide 21 ).

Beaches. On sea beaches, the area per vacationer should be at least 5 m2, on river and lake beaches - at least 8 m2. To prevent pollution from reaching the beaches, they are located upstream from the main sources of water pollution, at a considerable distance from ship berths and wastewater discharge sites.

For example, sea beaches are located at a distance of at least 1000 m from port facilities. Forest parks and beaches must have a sufficient level of sanitary amenities ( Slide 22 ).

Sports facilities

Methods, types and stages of design

DESIGN METHODS:

Structural design. The design of a sports facility begins with the choice of a structural scheme, i.e., with determining the ratio of horizontal and vertical elements of the future structure, determined by the purpose, volume and layout of the facility.

After choosing a design, a technical and economic assessment of the design solution is carried out. Its criterion is the cost of one square, cubic or linear meter. The calculation takes into account the consumption of building materials, labor costs, the degree of prefabrication and factory readiness of structures, their fire resistance, etc. The choice of constructive solution determines the method of constructing the structure, the choice of this method and its justification.

Structural design is carried out taking into account the laws of architectural composition, determined by functional, technical, economic, aesthetic and structural requirements. In this case, design standards must be taken into account. Constructive design involves the use of artistic techniques and compositional means, such as dividing a structure into planar and volumetric elements, maintaining scale, proportions, rhythm, contrast, relationships between the whole and the particular, harmonious consistency and, most importantly, compliance with the functional purpose.

PROJECT TYPES:

There are standard, experimental and individual design.

The project is called typical, approved in accordance with the established procedure and intended for repeated use. The durability of a particular standard project always depends on many factors, the main of which arise as a result of new scientific and technological advances. Updating technology, applying new constructive and architectural-aesthetic principles, the emergence of new materials, mastering new construction methods, and finally, modern pedagogical requirements and expansion of methodological capabilities, new forms of organizing the educational process - this is not a complete list of factors influencing the viability of a typical sports facility project .

In our country, school buildings are built according to standard designs approved by the State Construction Committee and the Ministry of Education. The typical design of a group of sports facilities at schools always follows the approved norms and requirements of SNiP for schools and boarding schools. At the school (depending on the number of students), it is planned to build a standard sports hall and a certain number of sports fields. School sports facilities must be commissioned simultaneously with all groups of school buildings. By September 1, all newly constructed school buildings are commissioned, and the necessary groundwork for the next year is realized from September to December. Typical projects are designed specifically for such construction periods.

Experimental design is carried out to determine the most rational type of sports facility. After testing the experimental facility in operation and confirming the effectiveness of its use, such a project is approved as a standard one.

Individual project created for the construction of one sports facility. Typically, the extreme importance of an individual project is dictated by the peculiarities of local conditions or the special goals and purpose of the object. Example: a single training center for the country's Olympic aquatics team, conceived as an Aquatic Sports Palace, where competitions in swimming, diving and water polo can be held, was built in Minsk according to an individual project. It takes into account previously constructed and reconstructed facilities, as well as newly constructed sports facilities.

DESIGN STAGES:

Technical documentation, consisting of drawings, explanatory notes and estimates, is called a sports facility project.

The drawings give an idea of ​​the space-planning and structural design of the construction. Consolidated estimates, estimates for individual types of work and facilities determine the cost of the entire sports facility.

The initial document for construction is the design brief approved by the financing organization. This task forms the basis of the future project. A specialist in physical education should participate in its preparation.

The design assignment justifies: the contingent and number of students; list of facilities and their capacity; approximate calculation of the area of ​​the site for construction (including the area for landscaping, driveways, walkways, etc.); economic indicators of the cost of design and construction. A feasibility study is especially important when preparing assignments for the design of a large sports facility. It should consider issues of profitability of the structure during operation.

The calculation and explanatory note contains a description of the architectural, planning and design solution, as well as all the necessary calculations and indicators.

The approved task is a document according to which the city (district) executive committee, on the recommendation of the regional authority (for school sports areas and buildings), the Architectural Planning Department (APD) of the city or the chief architect of the village, allocates a site for construction. After this, the APU issues an architectural planning task (APZ), which formulates the requirements for the facility (number of floors, facade decoration, level of improvement, etc.).

The design assignment and the APP, after agreement with the sanitary inspectorate and the Fire Department, are the necessary documents by which design organizations determine the scope of work.

The customer and the design organization enter into an agreement establishing financial and legal responsibility and determining the timing and cost of design by stages.

After receiving a design assignment from the customer, the documentation is developed in two stages: the first is the development of a technical project with estimate documentation, the second is the production of working drawings. It is possible to create a technical working design right away, but this is only used when designing small-scale sports facilities (separate playgrounds, simple premises for physical exercise).

There are general drawings, made in the form of plans and sections, and detailed drawings - indicating all the parts and elements, their connections, and extremely important specifications. The technical design drawings show floor plans, sections: and facades, a general plan of the site, and in the working drawings, in addition to this, they provide foundation plans, sections, plans for floors and roofs, walls, drawings of non-standard parts and assemblies, plans for heating, ventilation, water supply networks , sewerage, electric lighting, gasification, telephone and radio installations, as well as the placement of all installed and secured educational equipment and sports equipment. All parts and assemblies are indicated according to the current catalogs of standardized elements for construction.

Sports facilities - concept and types. Classification and features of the category “Sports Facilities” 2017, 2018.

Active

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS

TYPOLOGICAL BASICS OF STRUCTURE DESIGN
DEVELOPING AND NON-TRADITIONAL SPORTS

Preface

1. DEVELOPED BY State Unitary Enterprise MNIIP "Mosproekt-4" Moscomarchitecture (architect. Emelyanova I.A., Shabaidash A.A.)

2. Prepared for publication by the Department of Advanced Design and Standards of the Moscow Architecture Committee (architect L.A. Shalov, engineer Yu.B. Shchipanov).

3. AGREED with the Committee of Physical Culture and Sports of Moscow and the Moscow Committee for Architecture.

4. APPROVED by the instructions of the Moscow Committee for Architecture dated 06/09/2001, N 28.

Introduction

Introduction

The development of the field of physical culture and sports is associated with a constant increase in its species diversity, the emergence of new types of physical culture and sports activities, the increasing popularity of traditional sports, and the updating of the list of sports and disciplines included in the programs of the Winter and Summer Olympic Games.

The task of improving the system of physical culture and sports services for the population of Moscow necessitates expanding the range of physical culture and sports institutions in the city by including new types of institutions, incl. designed for the implementation of non-traditional sports.

The network of institutions for new, non-traditional and developing sports in Moscow is represented by:

- institutions of the district level of service, designed to serve the population of the administrative district - centers and complexes of facilities for mass sports and physical education and recreational activities, incl. for sports that depend on natural conditions;

- institutions of a citywide level of service, designed to serve the population of the entire city, including: citywide children's and youth sports schools; indoor and outdoor demonstration arenas, specialized facilities for sports that depend on natural conditions.

The provisions of the Guidelines apply to the design of new and reconstruction of buildings and complexes of institutions of non-traditional and developing sports at the district level of service. The provisions of the Guidelines cover:

- centers of martial arts,

- sports dance centers,

- floorball, streetball centers,

- indoor roller skating rinks,

- cross-cycling complexes (BMX cycling),

- complexes winter species sports (skiing, snowboarding, naturban),

- cynological sports centers,

- open planar physical education and sports facilities as part of city parks and recreation areas (paintball and beach volleyball complexes).

The guidelines should contribute to the balanced development of a network of physical culture and sports facilities in the administrative districts of Moscow, taking into account the structure of physical culture and sports interests of the capital's population, the urban planning and socio-demographic situation developing in the territory administrative districts.

The guidelines were developed based on the results of research work of the State Unitary Enterprise MNIIP "Mosproekt-4", incl. analysis of advanced domestic and foreign experience in the design and construction of new types of physical culture and sports facilities, analysis of the approved rules of competitions in developing and non-traditional sports and the requirements of the relevant sports Federations for the places of their implementation.

The Guidelines provide detailed recommendations on network organization, placement options and architectural and planning organization of sites for institutions of developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow. Functional diagrams of institutional buildings, recommendations for their functional-spatial organization and planning diagrams of individual functional elements of buildings are provided. The approximate composition of sports facilities, the composition and area of ​​auxiliary premises of various functional groups of institutions, which are not regulated in current regulatory documents, are given.

The Guidelines contain provisions for specific urban planning or functional and technical requirements for the placement and architectural and planning organization of non-traditional and developing sports facilities in the conditions of Moscow.

1 area of ​​use

1.1. These guidelines have been developed in addition to and development of the main provisions of the territorial urban planning regulatory document MGSN 1.01-99 "Norms and rules for designing planning and development of the city of Moscow", as well as as a clarification to other regulatory documents in construction valid in the territory of Moscow

1.2. Guidelines "Typological basis for the design of facilities for developing and non-traditional sports" are a document regulating the design of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports located in the administrative districts of Moscow, intended for children's and youth sports activities. sports schools, sports sections and physical education and recreational activities for the population in developing and new sports.

1.3. The guidelines are intended for use in the development and examination of pre-design and design urban planning documentation and the design of individual sports facilities included in the nomenclature regulated by this document.

1.4. The provisions of the Guidelines should be used at various stages of urban planning and architectural design when determining the structure of the network, options for locating institutions, the composition of sports facilities and auxiliary premises of institutions, as well as developing their functional and architectural planning solutions.

1.5. The guidelines establish the nomenclature, requirements for sites, placement, space-planning organization, approximate composition of the main and auxiliary premises of institutions at the city level of service for new non-traditional and developing sports.

2. Basic provisions

2.1. The design of a network of city service institutions for developing and non-traditional sports is carried out at various stages of urban planning, in connection with the general concept of development of a network of sports facilities in Moscow, taking into account the existing social and urban planning situation, the state of the existing material base, and optimal options for the placement of specialized structures.

2.2. Institutions at the district level of service for developing and non-traditional sports are represented by institutions designed to serve the population of the administrative districts of Moscow: centers and complexes of mass sports facilities, incl. for sports that depend on natural conditions.

2.3. The institutions are intended for educational and training sports activities in the primary system sports training and training of sports reserves carried out in children's and youth sports schools and sports sections for local and regional competitions. Along with this, these institutions are methodological centers of the administrative districts of Moscow for the mass participation of the population in developing and non-traditional sports.

2.4. The recommended nomenclature of institutions for new, non-traditional and developing sports at the district level of service, the type of activities carried out in the institutions, and their capacity are presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1.

Nomenclature of institutions for new, non-traditional and developing sports
administrative district (district service level)

_______________
* Specific site area - the area of ​​an institution’s site divided by 1 place of its one-time capacity.

** The indicator given is the area of ​​the winter sports base building site for 1 place of one-time capacity, excluding the area of ​​the tracks.

2.5. The approximate composition of the main and auxiliary premises of institutions, the one-time capacity of sports facilities of institutions included in the nomenclature, when designing specific objects should be clarified on the basis of design assignments, taking into account the urban planning situation and specific programs of physical culture and sports activities.

2.6. The calculated indicators of the areas of auxiliary premises of institutions recommended in the Methodological Guidelines determine the required minimum, determined by functional and technological requirements and can be increased in accordance with the design assignment.

2.7. In order to increase the level of comfort and achieve commercial efficiency in the functioning of institutions, the composition of auxiliary and related premises various types institutions recommended in these Guidelines can be expanded to include additional premises for leisure services - living rooms, video rooms, cinema rooms, game rooms, discos; catering establishments - cafes, bars, restaurants; consumer service enterprises - rental and repair points for sports equipment, hairdressers, beauty salons; retail trade enterprises; medical and rehabilitation centers and separate premises for medical, health and rehabilitation purposes; premises for methodological purposes: conference rooms, libraries, video libraries, etc.

2.8. In appropriate urban planning situations, if there are sufficient areas, it is recommended to combine specialized structures of institutions of developing and non-traditional sports into multifunctional complexes.

The design indicators, composition of physical culture and sports facilities and auxiliary premises of multifunctional complexes are determined by the design assignment, taking into account the requirements for each of the merged institutions. When cooperating between institutions of developing and non-traditional sports with institutions for other purposes, the requirements of the relevant MGSN should also be taken into account.

2.9. It is allowed to reduce the total area of ​​the sites, the floor area of ​​gyms and premises, and cooperative institutions, provided that the functional and technological requirements for the composition of the main and auxiliary premises and the requirements for the regime of classes in each of the cooperative institutions are met.

2.10. Requirements for the availability, arrangement and capacity of spectator seats at sports facilities of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in administrative districts are determined by the design assignment.

2.11. The design of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports should be carried out taking into account the requirements of VSN 62-91 * “Design of the living environment taking into account the needs of people with disabilities and low-mobility groups of the population” to ensure access for people with disabilities to public institutions.

2.12. A brief description of new, non-traditional sports implemented at recommended sports facilities in administrative districts is given in Appendix 1.

3. General requirements for facilities for developing and new sports

3.1. Requirements for the location of institutions for developing and new sports in the administrative districts of Moscow

3.1.1. The placement of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow should be based on the general requirements of MGSN 1.01-99 for the placement of public institutions at the city level of service, as well as specific requirements and recommendations for the placement of certain types of institutions set out in this document.

3.1.2. The placement of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow should be carried out taking into account:

- dependence of sports on natural conditions;

- specific requirements imposed by individual sports, depending on natural conditions, to the characteristics of the landscape;

- urban planning conditions developing on the territory of the administrative district;

- characteristics of the existing network of physical culture and sports facilities;

- area of ​​land allocated for the construction of sports facilities;

- the possibility of combining specialized structures into multifunctional complexes;

- opportunities for cooperation between institutions for developing and new sports with institutions in other service sectors and residential buildings.

3.1.3. In accordance with the requirements of MGSN 1.01-99, institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow, depending on the type of institution and urban planning situation, can be located:

- in separate areas of public areas;

- as part of multifunctional and specialized centers;

- as part of the recreational areas of the city center system.

In appropriate urban planning conditions, characterized by high intensity of use of territories, the placement of certain types of structures is allowed:

a) in the structure of residential buildings in built-in and attached premises;

b) in the areas of secondary schools;

c) as part of buildings of multifunctional public centers;

d) as part of multifunctional sports and physical education and health complexes.

3.1.4. In separate areas of public areas, as part of multifunctional and specialized centers, it is recommended to locate institutions for sports that do not depend on natural conditions, including:

- martial arts centers;

- sports dance centers;

- floorball and streetball centers;

- indoor roller skating rinks;

- cross-cycling complexes (BMX cycling);

- cynological sports centers.

3.1.5. It is not allowed to locate institutions for developing and non-traditional sports on the territory of a natural complex with urban planning regulation regimes 1, 2, 3.

3.1.6. As part of recreational areas, it is recommended to place institutions for developing and non-traditional sports that depend on natural conditions, including:

- winter sports centers with equipped natural and artificial trails for slalom, snowboarding, and natural skiing;

- open planar physical education and sports facilities as part of multifunctional parks, incl. beach volleyball courts, paintball complex.

3.1.7. As part of recreational areas, with appropriate justification, it is also allowed to place open sports complexes for BMX cycling (cross cycling), cynological sports centers, and roller skating rinks.

3.1.8. The placement of indoor sports facilities and support buildings on the territory of multifunctional parks should be carried out taking into account the requirement of clause 7.3.1 of MGSN 1.01-99, which limits the height of buildings.

3.1.9. When designing structures as part of multifunctional parks, the requirements of clauses 7.3.2-7.3.4 MGSN 1.01-99 should also be taken into account.

3.1.10. In areas of the center and in areas of existing development, dispersed placement of structures of administrative district institutions is allowed - training halls of sports dance centers, martial arts, floorball - subject to the requirements of MGSN 3.01-96 "Residential buildings", including under the following conditions:

- ensuring sanitary requirements for noise protection;

Limits the capacity of dining halls included in residential facilities for developing and new sports to 50 seats;

- restrictions on the range of trade and consumer services enterprises, premises for cultural and entertainment events in accordance with the requirements of MGSN 3.01-96;

- exclusion from the structure of institutions of premises of medical and health centers with physiotherapeutic equipment;

- exclusion of dry heat baths from institutions;

- regulated operating mode of the institution from 7-00 to 23-00 hours.

3.1.11. In the areas of the center and on the highway areas of existing and new development areas, it is allowed to place functional blocks of training halls for martial arts, sports dance, floorball on the sites of secondary schools, subject to the coordination of the placement with the Moscow Committee of Education and the non-commercial nature of the use of the facilities.

3.1.12. The placement of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the territories of multifunctional parks should be done taking into account the general layout of the parks and its landscape characteristics. Depending on the specific requirements of individual sports for the landscape, they can be placed compactly or dispersed in the park structure.

3.1.13. When placing winter sports complexes on recreational territory, the following requirements should be taken into account:

- absence of intersections of ski slalom, snowboard, and naturban tracks with tourist and walking routes passing through the recreational area;

- separate placement of training tracks for winter sports complexes of administrative districts and specialized citywide sports tracks for alpine skiing, snowboarding, freestyle, naturban, bobsleigh-skileton; absence of their intersections;

- placement of routes from buildings of auxiliary premises (bases) of winter sports complexes at a distance of no more than 300 m to the slope.

3.1.14. Ski slalom, snowboard, naturban and public skiing trails are recommended to be laid on the northern and northeastern slopes.

3.1.15. When locating cynological sports centers, the direction of the prevailing winds should be taken into account.

3.2. Requirements for sites and territories of institutions

3.2.1. Areas of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow should be designed taking into account the general requirements of SNiP 2.08.02-89 *, the requirements and recommendations of this section of the Guidelines.

3.2.2. Depending on the type of institution and urban planning situation, complexes of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports of the administrative districts of Moscow can be designed in one or several separate areas of public zones, as part of residential areas, as part of territories of a natural complex, as part of areas of secondary schools and multifunctional sports and community centers.

3.2.3. The approximate area of ​​separate areas of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow is presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

Approximate areas of sites of sports complexes of institutions of administrative districts of Moscow
for developing and new sports.

3.2.4. When locating institutions or individual functional blocks of institutions in built-in and attached premises to residential buildings on the sites of secondary schools, as part of multifunctional public centers, as well as integrated centers for developing and non-traditional sports in administrative districts, it is allowed to reduce the estimated area of ​​the institution site shown in Table 3.2. 1, by 5-20%. In this case, the area indicator should be clarified by the design task or project, taking into account the specific situation.

3.2.5. The general principles for designing land plots and institutional territories for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow are:

- organization of functional zoning of sites, taking into account the main flows of visitors and specific requirements for the placement of individual functional elements of the complexes;

- organization of convenient interconnection of open planar structures located on the site of the complex with auxiliary premises;

- placement of open planar structures, taking into account the required orientation, required gaps between residential and public buildings and planar structures;

- design of necessary windproof and noise-protective plantings and devices;

- organization of possible blocking of open flat structures, taking into account their winter use;

- organization of optimal interconnection between the zone of open facilities and changing rooms.

3.2.6. If there are stationary places for spectators in the institution - stands of open flat structures, stands of sports halls, the planning of the site of the institution should be carried out, excluding the intersection of the routes of streams of spectators and athletes.

3.2.7. When designing institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in isolated areas, it is recommended, depending on the composition of the facilities, to distinguish the following main zones:

- area of ​​covered structures;

- zone of open planar structures;

Economic zone;

- recreation area;

- open planar structures with stands for spectators.

3.2.8. At the sites of canine sports centers and paintball complexes that have turf fields, it is recommended to also provide a turf nursery area.

3.2.9. At the sites of canine sports centers, the area with enclosures for dogs and places where dogs are tied up should also be allocated into separate zones.

3.2.10. When integrating institutions for developing and non-traditional sports of the administrative districts of Moscow with institutions for other functional purposes, incl. with secondary schools, zoning of integrated structures should be provided.

3.2.11. In isolated areas of institutions of developing and non-traditional sports of administrative districts located in urban areas, perimeter wind-protective landscaping strips, 5-10 m wide, should be provided. The width of the perimeter landscaping strip is determined in accordance with the value of the highway with which the site borders.

3.2.12. Institutions located on the territory of a natural complex may not have their own windbreaks. In these cases, technologically necessary tree and shrub plantings are designed, separating zones and structures, or forming safety strips for pedestrian paths and visual landmarks.

3.2.13. The distance from the center buildings to other buildings and structures should be taken into account the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01-89 *, as well as Temporary hygienic standards for the location of individual production facilities on the territory of Moscow (addition and adjustment of SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.567- 96* "Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects").
__________________
* In the territory Russian Federation SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03 applies. - Note "CODE".

3.2.14. If there are stands at the open planar structures of institutions, toilets should be designed on the site at the rate of one toilet per 100 women, one toilet and 5 urinals per 330 men.

3.2.15. Before entering the stands of open planar structures, free areas should be provided at the rate of 0.5 m per 1 spectator seat.

3.2.16. Open planar structures of institutions of developing and non-traditional sports should be placed taking into account the following orientation:

- the direction of the longitudinal axis of the circular treadmill of the canine sports center is north-south;

- the direction of the longitudinal axis of beach volleyball courts is north-south.

3.2.17. Separate areas of institutions located in public areas must be fenced and have at least two entrances with paved roads. Entrances and driveways should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01-89 * and MGSN 1.01-99.

3.2.18. Open planar structures of institutions must be provided with irrigation water supply. The service radius of the watering tap is 30 m.

3.3. Requirements for architectural and planning solutions of institutions

3.3.1. Architectural and planning solutions for institutions for developing and non-traditional sports in the administrative districts of Moscow are determined by the functional and technological requirements for the implementation of various types of physical culture and sports activities; implementation of related activities of various groups of visitors; urban planning conditions for the placement of complexes; requirements for the integration of sports and recreational institutions with public institutions and residential buildings.

3.3.2. Buildings of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports should contain the following groups of premises:

- main premises intended for the direct conduct of sports educational and training, physical education and recreation classes and competitions of various levels - specialized and multifunctional sports and training halls, training equipment premises;

- auxiliary premises for the implementation of auxiliary and related activities and technical maintenance of institutions.

3.3.3. The construction dimensions, areas and throughput capacities of the main premises - specialized and multifunctional sports and training halls, premises for physical education and sports purposes, as well as open planar sports facilities of institutions for developing and non-traditional sports should be taken into account the requirements and recommendations set out in sections 4.1- 4.8 of these Guidelines.

3.3.4. The composition and area of ​​auxiliary premises of institutions should be determined on the basis of design assignments, taking into account:

a) one-time capacity of sports facilities;

b) requirements for the composition, design indicators and methods for calculating the areas of auxiliary premises, regulated in the Reference Manual “Design of gyms, premises for physical education and recreational activities and indoor skating rinks with artificial ice” (to SNiP 2.08.89*);

c) the requirements of these Guidelines set out in this section and sections 4.1-4.8.

3.3.5. The auxiliary premises of institutions include the following groups of premises:

Lobby premises (wardrobe, vestibule, lobby bathrooms);

- premises for sanitary and hygienic purposes and recreation for athletes;

- food premises;

- instructor's;

- premises for methodological purposes;

- medical premises;

- premises for related types of services (cultural and sports games, club rooms, premises for cultural and leisure purposes, consumer services);

- premises for administrative and economic purposes and personal services for personnel;

- Technical buildings.

3.3.6. The composition and area of ​​groups of premises in the lobby, premises for sanitary and hygienic purposes and recreation for athletes, instructor centers for martial arts, sports dances, floorball, indoor roller skating rinks should be determined by a design assignment taking into account the requirements of the Reference Manual for SNiP 2.08.89* "Design of sports halls, premises for physical education and recreational activities and indoor skating rinks with artificial ice."

The composition and area of ​​groups of premises in the lobby, premises for sanitary and hygienic purposes and recreation of athletes, instructor complexes for winter sports, BMX cycling complexes (cross-country cycling), a canine sports center, open planar structures for paintball, beach volleyball should be determined by the design assignment taking into account the requirements of these Methodological guidelines set out in this section and sections 4.1-4.8.

3.3.7. The area of ​​inventory of various types of gyms in institutions should be determined by the design assignment, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 2.

3.3.8. The composition and area of ​​premises for methodological purposes should be determined by the design assignment, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 3.

3.3.9. The composition and area of ​​medical premises should be determined by the design assignment, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 4.

3.3.10. The number of seats in the dining halls of catering premises should be determined by a design assignment or project, taking into account the calculated indicators given in the reference manual for SNiP 2.08.02-89*. The area and composition of catering premises are determined depending on the type of catering establishment established by the design assignment, taking into account the requirements of MGSN 4.14-98.

3.3.11. It is recommended that the composition and area of ​​office premises for administrative, engineering and technical personnel and living quarters for workers be determined by a design assignment or project, taking into account the number and composition of employees and workers.

3.3.12. The composition of technical premises is determined by the design assignment or project, taking into account engineering equipment and current calculation standards.

3.3.13. It is recommended to design the buildings of indoor sports facilities of institutions of developing and non-traditional sports based on the principles of functional zoning, in accordance with the technological requirements for conducting various types of physical education and sports classes and related activities.

It is recommended to distinguish the following main functional areas:

- a group of lobby premises with adjacent food stations;

- a group of specialized sports hall (several halls) with inventory, sanitary and hygienic premises, athletes’ recreation, technical services;

- changing rooms of open facilities;

- premises for methodological purposes, leisure premises;

- medical and health center;

- administrative premises, instructors' rooms, household premises.

3.3.14. Examples of functional and technological diagrams of institutional buildings for developing and non-traditional sports, incl. floorball center, canine sports center, paintball court complex are shown in Figures 1-3.

Fig.1. Functional diagram of the floorball center

Explication of premises

1. Lobby, wardrobe.

2. Floorball hall 42x24 m.

3. Sports games hall 36x18 m.

4. Inventory.

5. General physical training hall 24x15 m.

6. Gym.

8. Storage room for teaching aids.

9. Coaching room.

10. Administration.

11. Household pantry.

12. Household premises.

13. Medical office.

14. Toilet.

16. Changing rooms in gyms.

17. Technical premises.

18. Hall/rest room.

Fig.1. Functional diagram of the floorball center

Fig.2. Functional diagram of the cynological sports center

Explication

1. Lobby, wardrobe.

2. Individual changing cabins at the agility hall.

3. Agility hall 42x24 m.

4. Inventory.

5. Gym.

6. Methodological office.

7. Storage room for teaching aids.

8. Coaching room.

9. Administration.

10. Household pantry.

11. Household premises.

12. Medical office.

13. Toilet.

15. Rest room.

16. Changing rooms in open facilities.

17. Technical premises.

18. Veterinary office.

Fig.2. Functional diagram of the cynological sports center

Fig.3. Functional diagram of auxiliary premises of open planar physical education and sports paintball facilities

Explication of premises

1. Lobby, wardrobe.

2. Changing rooms in open facilities.

2a. Changing rooms.

3. Training hall 36x18 m.

4. Inventory.

5. Gym.

6. Inventory of open structures.

7. Warehouse for storing vessels with working gas.

8. Methodological office.

9. Storage room for teaching aids.

11. Toilet.

12. Administration.

13. Instructor's room.

14. Household premises.

15. Household pantry.

16. Medical office.

17. Technical premises.

18. Repair shop.

19. Room for storing paintballs.

Fig.3. Functional diagram of auxiliary premises of open planar physical education and sports paintball facilities

3.3.15. Along with placing the main and auxiliary premises of institutions in a single building, indoor structures and auxiliary premises of institutions can be designed:

- in two or more buildings, including functionally interconnected groups of premises;

- in functional blocks, including functionally interconnected groups of premises, located compactly or dispersed in the structure of residential buildings, as built-in, built-in and attached premises of the lower residential floors;

- in extension blocks to secondary schools;

- in functional blocks of premises in the structure of cooperative public buildings and buildings of integrated centers for developing and non-traditional sports.

The design solution option is determined by the type of institution and the urban planning conditions for the formation of the complex.

3.3.16. Dispersed placement of groups of premises of physical culture and health institutions in separate buildings and functional blocks is permitted provided that the functional integrity of the group is ensured. All premises (main and auxiliary) necessary for the implementation of physical education and health classes and the process of preparation for it are combined into a separate building or functional block.

3.3.17. Built-in and built-in-attached functional blocks of specialized structures for developing and non-traditional sports must be isolated from residential premises, have their own entrances, emergency exits and vestibule groups of premises and be designed in accordance with the requirements of MGSN 3.01-96.

3.3.18. Recommended methods of architectural and planning solutions for built-in and built-in-attached functional blocks of specialized structures for developing and non-traditional sports in physical education and health institutions can be adopted in accordance with the recommendations of section 3.3 of the Manual for MGSN 4.08-97.

3.3.19. The list of premises used by disabled people in various sports and recreational institutions is determined by the design assignment or project.

3.3.20. The installation of stationary stands for spectators is recommended for open planar structures, incl. open velodromes for BMX cycling (cross-country cycling), a circular running track complex and a complex canine sports area.

In specialized gyms of institutions, it is recommended to provide non-stationary spectator seats, incl. on bleachers, balconies, spectator galleries.

3.3.21. The need for referee premises and their area is determined by the design assignment in accordance with the specified level of competitions held at the facilities.

3.3.22. The auxiliary premises of institutions may also include premises for cultural and sports games, club rooms, premises for recreation, entertainment, and consumer services. The composition and area of ​​premises for recreation, entertainment, and consumer services are determined by the design assignment, taking into account the recommendations of Appendix 5.

3.3.23. In the buildings of institutions, including halls and premises used for classes of paid sections and groups, cultural and entertainment events, dances, provision of other paid services, as well as in buildings and pavilions of auxiliary premises of open structures operating on a commercial basis, it is recommended to provide a cash register area from 3 m.

4. Requirements for the architectural and planning organization of institutions for developing and new sports in the administrative districts of Moscow

4.1. Martial arts centers

4.1.1. Martial arts centers are designed to provide classes for departments of children's and youth sports schools and physical education and sports sections in sports currently included in the physical education programs of the population: aikido; judo; various versions of karate, including: den-to karate do-fudokan; karate do; contact karate; taekwondo. The composition of the youth sports school departments and sections is established by the design assignment, taking into account the current situation in the district and the distribution of physical education and sports interests of the population.

4.1.2. In accordance with the design assignment, it is also allowed to use the facilities of martial arts centers for Greco-Roman wrestling, sambo, as well as types of martial arts that are not currently included in the physical education programs of the population, incl. kendo, jiu-jitsu, sumo.

4.1.3. Martial arts gyms are used in alternating mode for classes in sports determined by the list regulated by the design assignment.

4.1.4. The approximate composition of the sports facilities of the martial arts center is presented in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1

Approximate composition of sports facilities at the martial arts center.
(Main premises)

4.1.5. When arranging equipment in martial arts gyms, one should take into account the requirements for the dimensions of the main training areas and safety zones for various types of martial arts, presented in Table 4.2.

Notes * Taking into account the danger zone, 1 m wide.

** Taking into account the installation of the officials' table and the positions of the side judges.

*** Taking into account the installation of the officials’ table, the positions of the side judges, and the competition benches.

**** Taking into account the installation of the officials’ table, the doctor’s table, the positions of the side judges, the positions of the seconds (coaches), the positions of the competition participants.

4.1.6. The floor in martial arts gyms should be wooden. The area for training sessions and competitions must be covered with an elastic covering - a carpet formed by sectional mats - tatami.

4.1.7. During competitions in various types of martial arts, the grounds are also equipped with:

- Aikido - table for judges and officials, located behind the security line,

- judo - chairs for 2 side judges,

- karate - tables for officials, benches for competition participants, chairs for 4 side judges,

- taekwondo - table for officials, table for doctor.

4.1.8. Dimensional diagrams of the placement of areas for educational and training sessions in judo, aikido, karate, taekwondo in the martial arts sports hall 36x18 m are presented in Fig. 4-5.

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