Short turns. Ski turns - execution technique Learning to ski turns

Task 2. Teach how to use your feet and load skis.

Task 3. Teach turning in general.

Task 4. Improving turn in support.

Errors and their elimination

Turning on parallel skis

Method of learning to turn

Task 2. Teach students the technique of entering a turn on parallel skis.

Task 3. Training in technology in general and its improvement.

Errors and their elimination

Chapter 3. Game material
By ski training

Introduction

Game is a universal tool physical education. There is no section of the curriculum that does not include games in one form or another. In games, students are the most in an active way show their personal qualities, develop physically, are better mobilized to complete the tasks set by the teacher.

With the help of specially selected games, you can specifically develop motor skills, consolidate and improve technical skills. Team games foster mutual assistance, responsibility for personal contribution to the team’s results, collectivism, camaraderie, and other qualitative traits of the human personality.

Everything said above applies entirely to games used in ski lessons. Games during ski lessons, among other things, relieve lessons from monotony, increase the emotionality of lessons, introduce variety into them, an element of competition, and relieve tension.

When improving in games ski equipment or its elements, it is important to observe conditions under which it is easier to perform and control.

For example, if you play the “Scooter” game on a soft, not groomed ski track, on which the ski will fall when pushed off, you won’t have to expect any effect from it under these conditions. There are certain conditions for holding games with an assessment of the quality of the execution of technical elements in points. Here, students must know exactly which element of the move is being evaluated and what the evaluation criteria are. Then the implementation of these elements will be better controlled by the students themselves, which, in turn, increases the effectiveness of learning.

The evaluation of the elements is briefly and loudly announced by the teacher.

When working on the development of certain motor qualities it is necessary to monitor compliance with the conditions under which they develop the best way. Thus, in games to develop speed, the length of the segment covered by schoolchildren in grades 1-3 should not be more than 25 m, and for students in grades 8-10 - 60 and 100 m, respectively. The duration of rest between passing segments or stages of relay races is at least 2 -3 minutes.

Games and game exercises to develop the strength qualities of a young skier should be of a clearly defined strength nature, but not be too long. They can be carried out on a gentle or steep slope, in deep snow, with resistance. Rest pauses in such games should allow those involved to restore their strength and reduce their heart rate to optimal values ​​- 110-120 beats per minute.

When playing games to develop endurance, make sure that the tension they introduce is not too high. You can adjust the load by increasing or decreasing the ski distance in the game, as well as changing its conditions. The intensity of the game should be periodically monitored by counting the students’ pulse during game breaks. Poor heart rate recovery is a signal to end the game.

Even if the lesson is paired, you should not give more than two games - this overstimulates the students. Depending on the objectives of the ski training lesson, the game may be included in one or another part of it. For example, games that improve the technique of a young skier can be included in the first half of the main part of the lesson, while the students' attention is high and not weakened by fatigue. However, a game for the same purpose can be offered to students at the end of the lesson to consolidate the technique of some element of skiing when tired. It has now been proven that activating students’ attention to the technique of movements in a state of fatigue helps them master it faster, better and with better quality.

Games that develop the strength and speed endurance of a skier should be carried out after performing exercises or games that improve technique. Games to develop dexterity and balance can be included both in the introductory and at the end of the main part of the lesson. Games that develop the overall endurance of a skier are most often included in the second half of the main part of the lesson.

After completing the game included in the lesson, students should be allowed to move evenly at a slow pace around the learning circle. The duration of movement depends on the age of those involved and can range from 3 to 6 minutes.

From the games given in this article, the teacher can choose those that best contribute to solving the problems of a particular ski training lesson and are most suitable for the conditions in which this lesson is held.

The load on schoolchildren in games depends on their pace and duration. Therefore, when including a game in a lesson, the teacher must be sure that these parameters correspond to the age and level physical fitness students. The younger the age of the participants, the shorter each individual game. You shouldn’t stop the game you started too quickly, but you shouldn’t drag it out, let it continue until the students show the first signs of fatigue. As fatigue sets in, the attention of the players weakens, dissipates, and they begin to get distracted.

The teacher's explanation of the game should be brief, precise and, if possible, figurative. The teacher names the goal of the game, indicates the placement of the players, explains the rules of the game, emphasizing what is allowed to be done in the game and what is prohibited.

Outdoor games and play exercises
in ski lessons
in grades 1-3

The ski training program for students in grades 1-3 aims to master the stepping and sliding step, alternating two-step walking without poles and with poles, turns in place and in motion, braking, ascents and descents. This problem can be solved not only through special exercises, but also in games and relay races. Below are skiing games and game tasks for students in grades 1-3 to improve the elements of a skier's technique, develop speed, agility and endurance.

Who's next? The game is played on a well-knurled ski track without poles. After 4-5 acceleration steps, pushing off at the starting line (flag) with one foot, the young skier glides on the other; The pushing leg is fully straightened when pushing off. In this position, the student glides until the ski stops. A flag is placed where the ski stops in the snow. The player whose flag is furthest away from the others wins.

Who is better? The skier must walk a segment of 25-30 meters along the ski track without poles, making sure that the glide is uniform, alternately on one or the other ski track.

The one who, while passing the segment, will not make mistakes, i.e. does not come to a two-support position, receives the highest number of points (for example, 10).

For each mistake, one point is deducted. The participant who scores the most points in three attempts wins.

Games can also be played between teams. The skiers of each team take turns passing in front of the teacher and his assistants from among the most prepared students, who evaluate the execution of the move element in points. The team whose members score the most points wins.

Both games are aimed at strengthening the technique of the main element of the sliding step - single-support sliding on a ski track. The teacher can change the task and evaluate, for example, the tilt of the torso or the accuracy of leg extension during take-off. Consistently changing tasks will help you practice all the basic elements of a sliding step in the game.

Rolling up. Two teams (each on their own ski track) without poles line up on the starting line in columns one at a time. The first numbers of each team take 4-6 rolling sliding steps along their ski track from the start line and, at the moment the fly leg is placed on the supporting leg, they place the flags they were holding in their hands in the snow at the level of the ski binding. Then the students leave the ski track, giving way to the second numbers of their teams, who, in turn, start moving from this flag and, after completing 6 rolling sliding steps, place their flags, etc.

The winner is the team whose players travel the longest distance along their ski track.

Take a wider step. The game is played on a 30-40 meter long ski track without poles. Each student, after 4 acceleration steps, must take as few sliding steps as possible from the starting line to the flag placed at the end of the segment. Each step should be powerful and long. Only complete steps are taken into account when counting.

Scooter. The young skier must overcome a 25-30 meter section of the ski track without poles, pushing off, like on a scooter, with only one leg. The student who makes the least number of repulsions in a set period wins. The game is also played between teams: the team whose players made fewer repulses in total wins. The game can be played as a team relay race. In this case, points can be used to evaluate the team’s speed of overcoming a segment or the ability to push off correctly (with the task of improving the technique of this element of a sliding step).

Mountain relay race. A section of ascent up to 10 degrees is selected, which can be overcome with a stepping step. Teams line up at the start line before the climb. At the teacher’s signal, the first team numbers overcome the rise at a walking pace, go around the flag at the turn and go down to the finish line, passing the baton to the next participant (touching him with his hand). The team that finishes the course before the others wins.

A series of games, starting with “Knuckles” and ending with “Mountain Relay Race”, is aimed not only at improving the sliding step technique, but also at developing the strength qualities of students, primarily pushing off with their feet.

Fan. This game promotes the development of turns by stepping on the spot, as a result of which a trace similar to a fan is left in the snow. On a wide, flat area, skiers line up in one or two lines at a distance of 2-3 meters from each other.

At the teacher’s command, everyone makes a turn by stepping 90, 180 or 360 degrees, trying to ensure that the skis leave a clear imprint on the snow. Scores are given from 1 to 5 points, depending on the clarity and speed of the turn.

The game can be complicated by asking students, after the first turn, to run along the ski track by stepping to a certain mark and then make the same turn again. The winner is the student who ultimately scores more points and does it faster and more accurately.

Zigzags. The game helps to consolidate the turn by stepping in place. Two or more teams can participate in it, each of which has its own route marked out. From the start line to the finish at a distance of 30-40 meters - 4-6 flags are placed in zigzags at a distance of 5-6 meters from one another.

Conditions of the game: ski the entire route, performing a turn at each flag by stepping on the spot. Having reached the last flag, the first numbers return to the starting line and pass the baton to the second numbers, etc.

Fast descent. Young skiers, starting one at a time from the starting line, descend in a high, medium or low stance from a gentle slope. The winner is the one who keeps correct position the stance given by the teacher, will ski the furthest.

Fast skier. The game is played on several parallel ski tracks 20-30 meters long without poles. The class is divided into groups of 8-10 people. Each one starts at the signal, trying to cover the ski distance as quickly as possible. Two or three winners of each race advance to the finals. The winner of the final becomes the fastest skier in the class.

Quick command (relay race). The class is divided into teams of 5-6 people, who line up on the starting line in a column, one at a time, each on their own ski track (without poles). At the signal, the first numbers of the teams start and run a different segment (20-30 meters), go around the flag and return, passing the baton to the second numbers. The team whose members finish the competition before others wins.

Game option: counter relay; The participants of each team are divided into two groups and line up on opposite sides of the ski track. Each participant runs the course in one direction only, passing the baton at the end of the segment.

The goal of the games “Fast Skier” and “Fast Team” is to improve the speed qualities of school skiers. If the teacher decides to change the purpose of the lesson - to direct it to improve strength endurance involved, both of these games can be played in deep snow without ski tracks. Under these conditions, the power load increases sharply.

The section “Ski training” in grades 4-8 includes almost the entire arsenal of skier techniques: moving with the main methods of moves (classical and skating), overcoming climbs in various ways, descents and unevenness on them, braking and turns. The skier's technique, as is known, is based on the optimal development of such motor qualities as speed, agility, strength and, most importantly, endurance. Without sufficient strength, it is impossible to perform a powerful and correctly shaped push-off with skis and poles, and without developed endurance, it is impossible to maintain the strength and shape of push-offs throughout the entire distance. cross-country skiing. Hence, it is important to develop these qualities for technical training skier

Thoughtful and skillful inclusion of ski games in lessons helps solve these problems.

Outdoor games
at ski lessons
in grades 4-8

The choice of games for lessons in grades 4-8 is extensive. You can successfully repeat the games recommended for grades 1-3, according to the age of the students, changing their conditions, the size of the ski segments, and the dosage. Thus, in the games “Wider Step”, “Fast Skier”, “Fast Team”, “Circle Relay”, “Handicap Race” the length of segments or stages increases, and the games themselves are played with sticks. In these games and relay races, the technique of alternating two-step moves, its individual elements, and the strength and speed of repulsions are practiced. During the games, the speed and strength qualities of those involved increase. The game “Who is better?”, including in the lesson, can be aimed both at improving the alternating two-step move and its elements, and at practicing all other things being studied ski moves and their details.

Below are games for grades 4-8 that help improve a skier's technique and develop his physical qualities.

Fox trail. 2-3 teams compete, each on its own winding ski track marked with flags (500-600 meters) with natural and artificial obstacles (for example: a “snake” of dry branches, a gate made of sticks, a hillock of snow, etc.). All of them must be overcome by bending or jumping, going around from the side, turning left, right, going back. The team that reaches the finish line first wins.

Slide on. Having previously taken three acceleration steps, the participant in the game pushes off with poles and skis from the starting line until they stop. The one who drives the furthest is the winner. Option: from the starting line from a standing position, the skier makes one push-off with poles, then three more, moving at the same time with a stepless move. The winner is the one who, using these 4 push-offs, goes the furthest. The game can also be played between teams, practicing the technique of simultaneous stepless movement and developing the strength of repulsing with sticks.

Turns. The game is recommended for improving turning by stepping while moving. Skiers, having accelerated on a segment of 15-20 meters, accurately perform a turn by stepping to the left (right). The teacher quickly and briefly evaluates the correctness and speed of the turn in points (from 1 to 5). The student who scores the most points in a total of 2-4 attempts wins.

Slalom on the plain(relay race). The goal of the game is the same as the previous one. At a distance of 60-100 meters, 5-6 flags are placed. The number of tracks depends on the number of teams participating in the relay. At the teacher’s signal, the first team numbers start along their routes, go back and forth, making turns at the flags in motion (by stepping). Then the baton is passed to the second team number, etc. The player who knocks down the flag must put it back in place and go around it again. The team that finishes the relay first wins.

Carousel. 2-4 teams of 4-8 players each participate. On the compacted area, flags mark the centers of the “carousels”, around which it is necessary to lay a ski track in a circle with a diameter of 6-10 meters. At the signal, the teams begin to move around the flags - carousels, turning left by stepping and gradually speeding up the movement. The winner is the team whose members make fewer mistakes (stopping, falling, going outside the circle) within the time set by the teacher. Then the game is repeated in the opposite direction. The winner can also be determined by the speed of completing a given number of laps.

Handicap relay. It is carried out with the aim of developing speed and speed endurance when it is impossible to form teams of equal strength from class students or when at the first start of the relay one team is significantly ahead of the other. At the first stage, the teacher gives the start to the skiers at different times: a participant from the weaker team starts first, then a representative from the one that is slightly stronger, etc. The student of the strongest team starts last.

The teacher determines the handicap (start time gap) based on his experience with the class, knowledge and capabilities of the students. The team that reaches the finish line first wins, regardless of its start time.

Helps. They play the same way as tag (with one or two drivers), but classmates are given the right to help out the pursued player. To do this, one of them needs to cross the trail of the fleeing player in front of the driver. The driver is obliged to start pursuing the player who helped out his friend. The game develops speed, agility, and endurance.

Catching up. Flags mark a ski track laid in a circle 200-300 meters long. At four diametrically opposite points of the circle, gathering places for skiers are marked. Each race involves 4 skiers. At a signal from the starting marks, four schoolchildren begin the race, and each strives to overtake the skier running in front as quickly as possible. It is prohibited to go beyond the ski track during the race. The one who is overtaken is eliminated from the game. Now three participants continue the race. The game ends when there is only one skier left on the track. The game develops speed and speed endurance.

Option 1: As soon as one of the four skiers catches up with the teammate next in front, a signal is given and the race ends. The one who has caught up is included in the new four.

Option 2: herringbone. For the game, a ski track is selected at the beginning with a rise of 20-30 meters and then a gentle descent. At the end of the lift, a flag is placed. The skier must overcome the herringbone climb from the start and, rounding the flag, descend to the finish. The one who completes the route the fastest wins. The game improves the herringbone lifting technique and develops strength endurance.

Tugs.(The game is included in lessons starting from grade 7). The players are divided into pairs of approximately equal strength. Each pair is given a rope 5-6 meters long or a rubber bandage. The first numbers, placing the rope around their necks and passing it under their arms, pass the free ends of the rope into the hands of the second numbers. Only the first numbers have sticks. At the teacher’s command, the first numbers tow the second along their ski tracks to the flag marking the boundary of the segment. At the flag, the skiers change roles and continue the race in the opposite direction. The pair that manages to reach the finish line before the others wins. The second numbers glide on both skis and are not allowed to take steps while being towed. The game actively develops the skier's strength qualities.

Elimination race. On a closed circular track 200-400 meters long, 5-8 skiers start at the same time. The start line is also the finish line. After each lap, the skier who finds himself on this moment the last one is eliminated from the game. So, at 5 starting participants After the first lap, four continue the race, after the second - 3, after the third - 2 and after the fourth - 1, the winner.

Option: more skiers can participate in the game, but so that the number of laps run does not become excessively large, it can be established that after each lap, the last two racers are eliminated. The game places serious demands on special endurance on skis, so the load in it should be accurately dosed based on the age and preparedness of the students.

Pursuit race. The race is held on a circular track of 300-400 meters. It involves 2-4 teams of 4-6 skiers. Teams line up in a column, one at a time, on opposite sides of the circular track. The qualifying number of racers and laps is established. At the signal, the teams begin the race, trying to catch up with each other. The team's task: after completing a set number of laps (for example: 3-5), to be at the finish line before others with a qualifying number of participants.

Pursuit relay. The playing conditions are the same, but only one skier starts from a team. After completing one lap, he passes the baton to the next member of his team, etc., until all participants have completed their stages. The team that reaches the finish line earlier than others wins.

Race for the leader. Two parallel ski tracks are laid in a circle 300-400 meters long. Two groups of 5-10 skiers move along an outdoor track, starting from opposite sides of the circle. The pace of movement can be slow or medium - it is set by the teacher. The skiers of both teams, who are last in the column, at the teacher’s signal, go out onto the inner track, accelerate along it, go forward and again, having switched to the outer track, become the head of their groups. Immediately after this, the next skier who became the last begins to accelerate, and so on, until everyone in his group has been in the role of leader a set number of times. The winner is the group whose members finish the change of leaders first. The last skier in the group is not allowed to start accelerating until his teammate completing the acceleration is at the head of the group. In this game, speed endurance is improved, as well as one of the elements of the racer's tactics - overtaking an opponent at a distance.

All of the games described above are training games that develop the special qualities of a skier: speed, strength and general endurance, significantly increasing his functionality. The load in these games can be reduced or increased by shortening or increasing the length of the segments overcome by students, rest breaks between stages of relay races and races.

In games you can increase it as power load, (taking them on loose ski tracks, in deep snow or on terrain with rough terrain), and the load on endurance (by significantly increasing the length of the distances in them).

It is equally important to include games in lessons that develop coordination, balance, and dexterity in schoolchildren in grades 4-8. Many of these games are played on the slopes of slides and hills.

On one ski. Parallel ski tracks 25-30 meters long are laid. Students line up at the start with poles in their hands and one ski on their foot. According to signals, players glide to the finish line on one ski, pushing off with sticks. You cannot step on snow without a ski. The winner is the participant who comes to the finish line first and does not break the rules.

To your sticks. Having settled in numerical order, students move one after another in a circle. The leader, sliding along a parallel track inside the circle, calls the number of one of the players. At this signal, the player with the named number must leave the poles by the ski track and stand behind the leader. So, the presenter calls all the players in the same order. Only the poles remain on the ski track. Then, at the teacher’s signal, all skiers, including the leader, must run up to their poles and take them in their hands (the leader takes any poles). The player who finds himself without sticks becomes the leader, and the interrupted game continues. The game develops dexterity, attention, speed and skiing skills.

Finnish racing. Skiers are tied with a braid or belt above the knees and given a start at a distance of 50-100 meters on a flat track or down a slight slope. The winner is determined in the same way as in the game "Fast Skier". The game can also be played in the form of a counter relay race.

Elimination start. The distance of 80-120 meters is divided by flags or lines in the snow at the turn every 20 meters. Judges are posted at the lines. Skiers with clearly visible numbers stand on the start line in front of the pre-rolled ski tracks. On command, the guys run along their ski tracks, trying not to be the last on the line. The line judge loudly calls out the number of the skier who will be the last to cross the line. This participant is eliminated from the game. At the next turn, the one who is also the last one is eliminated, etc.

Those who come to the last line become winners.

Salky. The game is played on a compacted court. You can play with or without sticks. The driver salutes the players, touching the backs of their skis with his skis. The player touched by the driver stops and loudly announces: “I am a tag.” The game continues with a new driver. If the group is large, two drivers are appointed.

Game options:

Squat tag. The game is similar to the previous one, only the tag cannot touch the player who is crouched. Players are not allowed to remain crouched for a long time, and tag is not allowed to stand while crouched.

Salki “give me your hand.” The game differs from the previous one in that when escaping from a tag, the person running away shouts to someone: “Give me your hand!” You cannot tag someone who is clenching hands. If three people clasp hands, then the driver can insult any extreme person.

Salki transfers. The game is similar to the previous one. While rescuing his comrade who is running away from the tag, any player can cross the road, and then the tag must catch him, and so every time, the driver must chase the one who crossed the road.

Tulking in deep snow is like the game "Fast Skier", but participants are prohibited from moving on the ski track, they run in deep snow.

Push harder. On a ski track 50-100 meters long, the skier moves at the same time with a stepless move, trying to push off harder with poles and make as few push-offs as possible until the flag that limits the segment. The winner is determined by the least number of repulses, the team is the winner by the smallest sum of repulses of all team members.

Option: The same, moving with a simultaneous one-step move or a simultaneous two-step move.

Up to the checkbox. On a gentle slope, two flags are installed: one at the top of the slope - the starting one, the second - at the bottom, before the rollout. The players, starting from the first flag, slide down and try to slow down with a “plough” exactly at the bottom flag. You can start braking anywhere on the slope. Whoever brakes more accurately at the flag after acceleration is the winner.

Option: Stop braking when descending obliquely from a slope.

Descent in ranks. At the top of the slope, 2-3 teams of 5-6 people line up, holding hands. At a signal, the line rolls down, trying to travel as far as possible without losing a single player. The winner is the team that descends the furthest from the slope.

Slalom. Gates (made of sticks or flags) are placed on a gentle slope. The players' task is to go down the track one by one, driving straight through the gate and without knocking it over. A more complicated option: descending the track for a time, which is recorded by a stopwatch.

Descent on one track. Skiers descend from a small slope on one ski, the other suspended. The one who travels the farthest in this way wins.

Outdoor games
at ski lessons
in grades 9-11

The ski training program in grades 9-11 provides training in transitions from simultaneous to alternating moves and vice versa, overcoming obstacles, overtaking at a distance and finishing. Training and competition distances are lengthened, and the level of endurance development increases. Therefore, skiing games should not be excluded from training sessions. In grades 9-11, when teaching ski lessons, the teacher can use most of the games described, complicating their conditions if necessary. So, for example, the game “Who is better?” can be held as a competition the best technology changes of moves, assessing the correctness of the change of moves in points. By improving the half-skate and skating moves, many games can be played using them. These can be game relay races with an assessment of the technique of performing a move or game tasks aimed at developing physical qualities this method of transportation. You just need to prepare the tracks so that you can use skating tracks.

In grades 9-11, ski lessons for young men are closely connected with upcoming service in the Russian Army. From here Special attention to applied ski training, developing in tomorrow's warriors not only strong skills in skiing in various ways, but also the ability to overcome natural and artificial obstacles on skis, move on virgin soil, along rolled areas and paths, throw at the target when descending from a slope and from various ski positions. These exercises can be included in various competitive games.

Relay with obstacles. It is played in the same way as the “Quick Team” game, but the length of the stages increases to 100-150 meters and obstacles are installed on them: a trench is dug in the snow, ropes are stretched through which you need to climb over and, those that you need to crawl under, snow is poured tubercle, shaft, etc.

At one stage, you can set a target (snowman, plywood shield) and invite students to hit it with a snowball or ball. The winner is the team that covers the course faster than others and does not violate the rules for overcoming obstacles.

Hit the target. To the left and right of the ski track running down the slope, targets are set - a snow “woman”, a small cardboard shield, etc. Schoolchildren, descending without stopping, must hit them with snowballs. The one who does it wins greatest number hits out of 4-5 attempts. The game can also be played between teams.

The ability to overtake at a distance is greatly helped by the game “Race for the Leader”. The intensity of overtaking in this game can be adjusted by the speed of the group's movement: at a low speed the group moves, overtaking will be less stressful, at a higher speed it will be quite difficult.

The skills of pursuing opponents and overtaking are perfectly trained in the game “Pursuit Race” and “Pursuit Relay Race”. The ability to finish is well practiced in the game “Elimination Race”. If you want to change its focus on developing endurance, the game should be supplemented with a condition: the elimination of the remaining racer begins not from the first round, but, for example, from the third and the laggard is eliminated after two losses.

In order to improve your ability to finish, you can play the “Best Racer” game. It is carried out along a closed circular ski track 300-400 meters long. The start line is also the finish line. In front of the start line, ski tracks 50-80 meters long roll up, which converge into the main track leading to the finish. Their number should be equal to the number of starters. 6-10 skiers start on their own tracks, go to the main track and, moving in a circle as they approach the finish, try to win it with a strong finish. The driver who finishes first is given three points, second place - 2 points, third - 1 point. The driver with the most points at the end of the game wins. The finish can be played after completing 2-3 laps or upon the teacher’s signal: “The next lap is the finishing lap.”

Today, together with student Daniil Mironenko, you will learn new turns. We remind you that you have already completed three types of turns - in the “plow”, an entry-level carving turn and.

A small radius turn is a short rhythmic movement of the legs under a stable torso from side to side with the shortest possible pressure in the leading phase and intense short work in the initiation phase.

With the help of small radius turns you can move in narrow places, for example on the sidelines, when moving from track to track, if there is a steep narrow section. Small radius turns will help you control your speed better.

We are training to perform a small radius turn

Basic turn on parallel skis with a gradual decrease in radius

The first thing to do is to remember the turn on parallel skis with a large radius and gradually reduce the radius to a medium one. This will allow you to get closer to the movements that you will later use in tight radius turns.

Start the movement with connected turns on parallel skis of large radius with a stick thrust (don’t forget to do this, you will really need it in small radius turns to set the rhythm of turns and maintain balance).
- To reduce the radius, do your vertical work more and more intensely, that is, increase the extension and bending of the legs more frequently, increase the strength and reduce the time of pressure on the skis in the turn phase.

Exercise "Vishy-Vashi"

This exercise will help train correct vertical work in small radius turns, that is, correct extension of the legs in the direction of movement.

Place your skis across the slope.
- Turn your torso and hips down the slope as much as possible so that your shoulders become parallel to the skis. The sticks are facing backwards at this time.

Turn your skis across the slope line in the other direction again, maintaining your torso turn down the slope and increasing pressure on the bottom ski. Alternate sides of the spread.

Keep your torso (hips, pelvis, shoulders and arms) turned as far down the slope as possible and perform vertical work only with your legs.

Hockey Stop Exercise

With this exercise you will practice the steering phase of a turn. The exercise consists of short and powerful pressure on the skis by bending the legs.

Start moving diagonally to the fall line of the slope on the edges of the skis without slipping.

Make a short upward movement, straightening your legs, and immediately an even shorter downward movement, bending your legs. Such an intense and short movement first unloads the skis heavily, and then very briefly and powerfully loads them.

Move up and down together. Maintain parallel axes (ski toes, knees, hips, shoulders, arms), optimal angulation and torso rotation in the direction of the initial movement.

Hockey Stop exercise with stick injection

Perform the previous exercise, Hockey Stop, continue by extending your legs in the direction of movement and add a stick shot. It will serve as a support for you to maintain balance.

Make a short upward movement, straightening your legs.
- Next, make an even shorter downward movement, bending your legs.
- Smoothly and quickly straighten your legs in the direction of the initial movement.
- At the top point of leg extension, perform an injection with a stick.

If you have problems with stick thrusting, watch the previous lesson - in it we explain in detail the technique of this movement.

Hockey Stop exercise with stick prick and jump

After you have performed the stick injection, you need to straighten your legs so quickly and intensely that your skis jump over the slope and turn again in the direction of movement. Then continue the movement and repeat several times.

Make sure that all movement should be on the edges, without slipping.

We perform connected turns of small radius with the most intense vertical work in initiation.

Start from the ramp line.
- Perform associated small radius turns with the maximum possible amplitude of vertical work (flexion and extension of the legs under a stable torso).
- Don't forget about the stick injection!

Skis may lift off the snow during the initiation phase.

Making small radius turns

Maintain the rhythm of turns, help maintain a stable torso position using a stick thrust.

So, today you learned what a small radius turn on parallel skis is and began to learn how to perform it. The exercises discussed in today's lesson are enough to learn how to perform such turns. Go for it! We hope everything works out for you!

And if you have any questions, ask them to international category instructor Evgeniy Moiseenko, he will try to answer them.

Carving awaits you ahead, stay on Slenergy. ;)

Step-by-step instructions for the second lesson

Perform a basic turn on parallel skis with a gradually decreasing radius: from the traverse position along the fall line of the slope, begin to slide, gradually transferring your weight to one of the skis. Smoothly straighten your legs and, increasing weight on the bottom ski, enter the turn. To reduce the radius, make your vertical work more and more intense.

Do the Vichy-Washi exercise: place your skis across the slope, rotate your torso and hips as far down the slope as possible so that your shoulders are parallel to the skis. Smoothly straighten your legs, moving your skis in the direction of the slope line - the skis will unfold directly under you.

Perform the Hockey Stop exercise: start moving diagonally towards the fall line of the slope on the edges of the skis. Make a short upward movement, straightening your legs. Next, make an even shorter downward movement, bending your legs.

Perform the Hockey Stop exercise with a stick thrust: start moving diagonally to the fall line of the slope on the edges of the skis. Make a short upward movement, straightening your legs. Next, make an even shorter downward movement, bending your legs. After you have straightened up, inject with a stick.

Perform the Hockey Stop exercise with a stick shot and jump: after you have completed the stick shot, you need to straighten your legs so sharply and intensely that your skis jump over the slope and turn back in the direction of travel.

Start making small radius turns: take a traverse stance and begin to slide down the slope, transferring your weight to one of the skis. Unbend your legs sudden movement, as you did in the Hockey Stop exercise with a stick and jump. Roll over, then straighten your legs again and transfer your weight to the other ski. Continue at this pace down the slope.

To be continued!

In the third lesson of the third season of the Slenergy online ski school, you and student Ilya Kosyachenko will learn how to make a stick shot and perform a basic turn on large-radius parallel skis.

Here we go?

- We train the stick injection on the spot
- Prick with a stick in motion
- Prick with a stick when turning

- We train bottom part turning
- We train the bottom of the turn, starting from different positions
- We train top part turning
- We perform a combination of the upper parts of the turn with a stick injection (garland)
- Connect the elements together and make a turn
- We perform a bunch of turns

Prick with a stick

Today we will learn how to make a stick injection at the right time and in the right place when turning. This is necessary in order to maintain balance and set rhythms in high-speed turns - on parallel skis and in carving turns.

We practice stick injection on the spot

By moving the hand upward, we bring the stick lower on the slope into a vertical position from a position where the end of the stick is looking back;
- we make an injection with a stick - with a short movement of your hand, touch the snow with the end of the stick next to the ski in the area between the toe of the ski and the head of the boot fastening (do not swing the sticks - this can throw you off balance while moving, try to move only your hands);
- lift the end of the pack from the snow, raising your hand slightly upward;
- move your hand back and return the stick to its original position - it should look back.

Prick with a stick in motion

Stand across the slope and start moving;
- give injections with a stick approximately every meter;
- give the injection only when the stick is in a perpendicular position to the snow;
- you don’t need to push off with it - you just need to put the stick on the snow to indicate the injection, and put it back.

Prick with a stick when turning

Remember, in and in we did the extension of the knees and ankles in the direction of the new turn - this is called vertical work.

When moving down a slope on parallel skis, the athlete develops greater speed, so here we need to give a stick injection in order not to lose balance.

Trying the stand in place

Stand perpendicular to the fall line of the slope;
- accept (skis hip-width apart, torso tilted forward, poles pointing back, legs bent at the knees, skis parallel to each other);
- place the skis on the upper edges;
- transfer your weight to the lower ski;

In move:

- take a traverse stance and place the skis on the upper edges;
- start moving, keeping your body weight on the lower ski;
- smoothly straighten your legs at the knees, while simultaneously bringing the lower pole of the ski to a vertical position;
- make an injection with a stick and, bending your knees, move the stick back diagonally.

Basic turn on large radius parallel skis with stick thrust

This turn differs from the others in the speed and slopes on which we use them. A basic turn on large radius parallel skis is ideal for steep slopes.

Training the bottom of the turn

To begin with, let's perform an entry-level carving turn, gradually reducing the width of the plow.

Execute ;
- at the end of the turn, take the “plow” stance again while moving, moving the heel of the ski to the side;
- increasing the pressure on the lower ski and starting the turn, smoothly straighten your legs and pull the heel of the upper ski parallel to the lower one, then bend your knees and ankles again, still increasing angulation and pressure on the lower ski;
- make turns, each time making the width of the plow smaller and smaller - eventually your skis will become parallel.

We train the bottom of the turn, starting from different positions

This exercise is done in several stages - we will try to make a turn, changing the starting location, in order to practice turning from different positions: first, at the start, we stand diagonally to the slope, and then gradually we will reach the start directly along the line of fall of the slope. Also in this exercise we move from a plow stance to parallel skis in motion.

1. Start diagonally

Stand diagonally to the slope;
- take the traverse position;

- without moving your legs, turn your hips towards the fall line of the slope;
- make sure that your thighs should be parallel to the slope;

2. Start close to the fall line of the slope

Stand at a sharper angle to the descent from the slope in a traverse stance;
- start moving down the slope, gradually increasing your body weight on the lower ski;
- without moving your legs, turn your hips towards the fall line of the slope and watch the angulation - your hips should be parallel to the slope;
- increase the weight on the bottom ski and thereby perform a turn on parallel skis.

3. Start from the fall line of the slope

Stand facing the fall line of the slope;
- take a traverse stance and start moving down the slope, gradually increasing your body weight on the lower ski;
- watch the angulation - your hips should be parallel to the slope;
- increase the weight on the bottom ski and thereby perform a turn on parallel skis.

Training the top of the turn

Stand diagonally to the slope;
- take the traverse position;


- still keep your body weight on the bottom ski;
- without going directly to the fall line of the slope, increase the pressure on the ski and make a turn;
- return to the starting position - diagonally towards the descent - only facing the rise of the slope.

We perform a combination of the upper parts of the turn with a stick injection - garland exercise

Stand diagonally to the descent in a traverse position;
- keep your body weight on the bottom ski;
- start moving and gradually straighten your knees and ankles, allowing the skis to slide towards the fall line of the slope;
- at the same time, bring your lower hand forward - when the stick becomes parallel to the slope, make an injection;
- make a turn by increasing pressure on the ski;
- transferring the weight to the right and then to the left ski, turn first one way, then the other.

We connect the elements together and make a full turn

Stand facing the fall line of the slope;
- take the traverse position;




- perform a turn on parallel skis by increasing the weight on the bottom ski.

Make a bunch of turns on parallel skis with a large radius

Stand facing the fall line of the slope in a traverse position;
- start moving, keep your skis parallel;
- gradually straighten your knees and ankles, making injections with a stick;
- transfer your weight to one of the skis;
- increase angulation - your hips should be parallel to the slope;
- perform a turn on parallel skis by increasing the weight on the lower ski;
- take the starting position again and transfer your weight to the other ski - turn in the other direction.

So, today you learned what a stick prick is and why it is needed, and also learned how to perform a basic turn on large-radius parallel skis. This was the last lesson of the Slenergy online ski school. See you skiing next season!

Step-by-step instructions for the third lesson

- Practice making an injection with a stick, first in place, then in motion: Raise your hand, and when the stick becomes perpendicular to the slope, touch the snow with it, then move the stick back to its original position with a movement of your hand.

- Give injections with a stick when turning: to do this, start performing an entry-level carving turn (in a traverse stance - the skis are parallel to each other), straighten your legs and at the same time raise your arm, preparing to make an injection with a stick. Give the injection as soon as your knees are fully extended. Then bend your legs again and return to the starting position.

- First practice the bottom part of the basic turn on parallel skis with a large radius: perform entry-level carving turns from a plow stance, each time reducing the width of the plow and trying to make the skis parallel.

- Now practice the bottom of the turn by starting from different positions on the slope: start moving first diagonally to the slope, then close to the fall of the slope, and finally from the fall of the slope.

- Perform the top of the turn: from the traverse stance diagonally towards the slope, begin to slide, keeping your body weight on the lower ski. Smoothly straighten your legs and, increasing weight on the bottom ski, enter the turn.

- Perform a full rotation: From the traverse stand along the fall line of the slope, begin to slide, gradually transferring your weight to one of the skis. Smoothly straighten your legs and, increasing weight on the bottom ski, enter the turn.
- Make a series of turns, transferring your body weight first to one ski and then to the other.

Missed the second lesson of the third season of the online ski school? Watch how to make an entry-level carving turn.

Music used in the video:
Dj M.E.G. & N.E.R.A.K - One Mission;
Tamerlan and Alena Omargalieva - Let's fly (Vladimir Nova Remix)

At this stage, they study and improve technical techniques that allow you to confidently control skis on rather difficult slopes. Alpine skiers master the technique of turns on parallel skis, their style becomes more graceful and beautiful.

Skiers gain independence. On simple routes they enjoy the speed and play of fast, rhythmic turns; on difficult terrain they gradually develop their own style. It is safe to say that it was from this period that skiers never parted with their skis. Love for them remains for life. As the French writer and athlete Michel Clar said, “skiing may not be all happiness. But happiness without them would not be complete.”

The instructor's job in this class is challenging and interesting. This is due to the fact that there is a sharp qualitative growth in the technology of his wards, which requires sensitive attention and methodological diversity. The dynamism of classes and productivity and success directly related to it largely depend on a homogeneous composition (in terms of technical and physical training) studying in a group.

As with other classes, class schedules are subject to change. For example, prolonged snowfalls can interfere with the development of techniques associated with transferring the load of skis (thrust technique, step-turn). At the same time, heavy snowfall will allow you to appreciate the advantages of narrow guidance in turns on parallel skis. On hard snow of rolled tracks, on icy slopes, you should mainly work on the step-turn and move on to the skating turn (in such conditions, classic turns with narrow skiing are not very effective).

Step-turn, both from the point of view of biomechanics and the nature of motor skills and technical elements, is very different from turning on parallel skis. To a certain extent, these two techniques are incompatible at the first stage of training. For this reason, three to four days in a row should be devoted to improving the step-turn, supplementing this main topic with straight descents, steps, skating and traverse, reinforcing the technique in slalom training and free descents.

To study the technique of turns on parallel skis, a separate block of continuous lessons (10 days) is also allocated, which in extreme cases (if the weather forces it) can be divided into two parts with the development of the technique of turns between them with alternating loading of skis (stepping, stop, step -turn). Only at further stages of improvement is simultaneous work on these two techniques permissible.

In addition, the plan may be subject to change depending on the physical and technical preparedness of the group. For example, it makes sense to transfer young, athletic skiers to the technique of descending steep slopes, to slalom training. Cautious, less dynamic, and older people will find more pleasure in “drawing” arcs on spacious, non-steep and gentle slopes. In other words, the adjustment can and should be significant, up to a change (in the interests of students) of the program course.

From lesson to lesson, the instructor suggests returning to repeat the learned techniques, achieving their perfect execution. This, in addition, diversifies the means and methods of conducting classes and avoids monotony.

The instructor is increasingly resorting to group descents on short and long sections of the slopes, which have a great instructive effect and create a good psychological mood and an atmosphere of enthusiasm.

Movement along terrain of variable steepness (straight descents). Overcoming a hillock at low speed. In the main stance of direct descent, when passing the top of the hillock or slightly before it (at high speed), bending at the ankles, knees and hips, they take a front stance (lean the body forward), which will already turn into a normal stance on the slope of the hillock.

Overcoming a hole at low speed. In front of the pit, take a more or less pronounced rear stance (depending on the topography of the pit and the speed of movement) and slightly increase the stance. When leaving the pit, the increasing pressure is absorbed, if necessary, by bending the legs.

Overcoming a hillock at medium speed and... When hitting the top of the hillock or a little earlier, they squat with the body moving forward and stretch their hands forward downwards. After the bump, the normal stance is restored.

Overcoming the pit on average speed. As you enter the pit, they straighten out somewhat and increase the spread. When leaving the pit, you should compensate for the increasing pressure by bending (you can rely on both poles).

Overcoming a series of frequent bumps. Performed through active proactive bending of the legs at the ankles and knee joints(compensatory flexion of the upper body becomes impossible due to the high frequency of movements). At high speed, the skier does not have time to make shock-absorbing bends. In this case, several hillocks pass through the flight. If the speed is high enough, this can be achieved by tucking the legs. Otherwise, the skier pushes off on the first bump, expecting to land on the downward slope of the last bump. Lands softly, with legs bent.

Overcoming a hillock with a sharp profile and decline. Performed using a somersault (squatting with the body tilted forward) or a jump (leaning forward), in which the skier holds the skis parallel to the slope. The landing is soft, with the legs bent.

Overcoming a hillock at high speed with the skis lifting off. In some cases (for example, at a sharp turn in the slope), lifting off the skis from the snow is completely inevitable. During the flight (reduced to a minimum due to an advanced jump), the skier, grouped, maintains a low stance, keeping the skis in a position parallel to the slope profile. Before landing, the skier straightens his legs somewhat in order to soften the impact on the slope with shock-absorbing flexion.

Anticipatory jump. This technique is used when overcoming dips and bumps when the skier's flight is inevitable. A few meters before the top of the hillock (the inflection line connecting the hole with the hillock), the skier jumps and takes a grouped position, which he maintains during the flight until landing on the downward slope of the hillock. The technique allows you to shorten the length of the flight, control the trajectory of movement and land in a convenient place (on a steep slope of a hillock, but not in a hole), where when the skis hit the slope the skier is in the most stable position. During the field, the hands are moved forward downwards, and the skis move in a position parallel to the slope profile.

Guidelines. The sequence of training must be strictly followed. Straight and oblique are recommended first

downhill at high speed with independent leg work and shock-absorbing flexion in the hip and knee joints. Then you should switch to smooth-profile bumps and train jumping-flights with a soft (without ski knocking) landing. When studying an advanced jump, mark the place of repulsion in front of the top of the hillock. Master landing with turn-braking.

Common mistakes .

1. Insufficient amplitude of flexion-extension. 2. Strong bending of the body ("pecking" with weak bending of the knees). 3. Back stance when overcoming bumps and downturns. 4. In an advanced jump, the flight phase is prolonged (late take-off), landing on a flattening. 5. Insufficient grouping and narrow skiing at high speed and on sharp profile hills.

Improving the step-turn. The step-turn technique is improved on hard snow cover of varying terrain with a gradual transition to icy slopes. With the help of exercises, appropriate selection of terrain and slopes, one achieves a reduction in the side step, early entry into the turn, effective support on the stick, energetic and springy push-off with the leg, soft (with bending of the legs) skiing in the turn, and a narrow rounded slide. The instructor practices the group's descents in single file along the slopes. The technique is used when passing fragments of giant slalom and slalom courses (in closed turns).

At different stages of improving the step-turn technique, exercises for coordinating stick thrusting and sliding are useful, which polish the technical elements that form the basis of the technique.

Slipping. It would not be a mistake to say that a skier on the slopes spends more than 90 percent of his time sliding: experienced, technical masters - in rounded sliding arcs of turns, beginners - in the plow and skidding - sideways. Without slipping, that is, moving on skis turned across, braking on the slopes is impossible, and therefore movement in the mountains itself is impossible. Therefore, the greatest attention is paid to practicing slips, honing the technique of edging, and flat skiing at all stages of a skier’s training.

In the second grade, they continue to work on the technique of lateral, oblique and rounded sliding, in which they achieve narrow and synchronized skiing, soft edging and edging, correct stance, and bending of the legs at the moment of sliding. The exercises of edging and edging (the “game” of edging) are repeated more often in the process of lateral and oblique sliding. Achieve long, even, smooth slides, without dangling ski tips or backs.

Sliding back and forth, or sliding in a zigzag pattern. This skill develops the feeling of ski edging and longitudinal balance. It is indispensable when descending steep narrow corridors in the forest or among rocks, as well as for safe descent between skiers at low speed.

Standing in a high stance, tip your skis, moving your knees away from the slope to do this, and lean back a little - the backs of the skis will begin to slip more strongly (rolling back, or sliding rounded towards the slope). Next, shift the center of gravity of the body forward (lean forward along the axis of the skis) - the toes of the skis will slide lower and the sliding will be directed obliquely forward (rounded away from the slope). Achieve free movement in zigzags in different directions.

Slipping-braking. This is the most effective braking technique when driving at high speed and especially in narrow, limited areas (in corridors). On a straight descent, unload the skis by bending or flexion-extension and sharply push the backs of the skis to the side with a turn of the feet or a screw movement, adding, if necessary (in poor snow conditions, uneven terrain), bending. The skis are brought to a position almost perpendicular to the direction of movement. The skier assumes a vertical position in an oblique descent stance. Speed ​​regulation is carried out by tilting. In an oblique descent, entering the slide is easier to perform - to unload the skis, it is often enough to just bend.

Methodical instructions. First, choose flat, smooth and fairly steep slopes with well-packed snow. It is better to enter the slide on a slight elevation or bend in the slope. Practice increasing acceleration speed, shortest braking-stopping, sliding for distance (increasing the duration of sliding), sliding for accuracy (in a marked corridor).

Unloading skis, or lightening. The purpose of this technique is to free the skis from adhesion to the snow so that they can impart a rotational impulse and turn over when entering a turn.

Relief by bending. The degree of unloading of the skis in this case depends on the speed of execution of the movement - bending the legs. With a sharp bend, it is even possible for the skis to come off the snow. The technique is used in some types of slips and turns.

Relief by flexion-extension. Flexion serves as preparation for extension, followed by repeated flexion, softening the landing and thereby increasing the unloading phase. The movement is performed in fast pace(rate of rebound of a rubber ball). With vigorous movement, it is possible for the skis to lift off the surface of the snow - a jump. When moving on virgin snow, relief, on the contrary, should be performed smoothly, as if in slow motion (for this purpose, the amplitude of movements is increased). The straightening of the skier during extension should not be complete - the semi-flexion of the joints, which is generally characteristic of alpine skiing equipment, remains.

To develop the correct skill, ski unloading should be combined with stick thrusting from the very beginning of training. A stick prick helps to unload the skis, maintain balance, facilitates the introduction of the skis into a turn and, finally, is a signal to perform a turn (preparation phase). The skier on the descent, pulling up the stick, begins to bend and, together with the bending (at the end of it), injects. Subsequent rhythmic extension occurs along with support on the stick. The stick stuck in the snow stops somewhat, and the shoulders turn slightly towards the stabbing stick. The stick is pulled out of the snow by itself as you drive near it.

Guidelines. First, they practice the softness of performing flexion-extension without lifting off and lifting the skis off the snow (jump) on the spot and in motion (straight and oblique descents). The absence of a knock upon landing is a sign of correct execution.

To practice precise coordination of an injection with flexion-extension, the “and-one!” exercise is studied. In the main descent stance, on the command “and-and-and” they pull the ring of the stick from the rear position forward, bringing the stick out for the injection. On the command "one!" do bending (partial squatting) while simultaneously administering an injection. The stick is inserted slightly in front and to the side - in the direction of demolition (at low speed close to the vertical). The jump follows immediately along with the support on the stick.

Practicing synchronized performance requires patience and repeated repetitions. For proper coordination, it is better to start with a simultaneous injection with both sticks, like “jumping over a log with support” (to feel the support itself). Do the first exercises without skis (take the poles below the handles), then on skis on a flat area, on straight and oblique slopes. If coordination fails, return to paired injections with both sticks. Change the amplitude of flexion-extension, the height of the jump, achieving a soft, silent landing along with flexion.

Mastering the correct injection-unloading opens up the possibility of mastering the technique of turns on parallel skis.

Slipping off a jump. The unloading of the skis used in this technique contributes to the introduction of the skis into sliding. When landing after a jump, the skier only needs to slightly edge the skis to start sliding. The skier, as it were, smoothes the snow from above, without risking the lower edges catching on the snow unevenness. This explains the advantages of using extension unloading when moving on broken, loose snow with various types of unevenness, in poor visibility, on unfamiliar slopes.

Performing the technique in the following way. In an oblique descent, the skier, bending over, injects with the top stick and quickly unbends. When landing, the skis are kept slightly edged due to the slight removal of the knees from the slope. A gentle springy flex helps the slide begin smoothly. After a short period of support, the stick is pulled out of the snow.

Guidelines. Practicing the technique follows the study of the correct coordination of the injection (exercise “and-one!”). Choose a slope of medium steepness (18 - 23°). You should pay attention to the amplitude, softness of movements, and maintaining the angular position. The jump is made low, literally 2 - 3 cm. Soon the jump is replaced by flexion-extension, performed without lifting off the skis.

Common mistakes. 1. Lack of preferential loading of the lower ski - the skier “lies” on the slope. 2. The skier spins towards the slope. 3. Incorrect injection coordination. 4. The skier does not bend ("stiff" legs). 5. Uneven (“ragged”) sliding.

A series of slips and jumps. The exercises lead directly to the technique of turning on parallel skis. Perform on a gentle slope (15 - 20°), on soft trampled snow. From a steep descent close to the slope line, the skier begins to slide down, moving his knees away from the slope in order to edge his skis. By bending and sitting down slightly, the skier achieves a long, rounded slide, in which the backs slip faster than the toes. This is essentially a turn towards the slope. The sliding ends when the toes of the skis rise slightly above the level of the backs. At this moment, the skier, bending over, injects with the lower stick (the body is turned to face the skis without an angular position, Fig. 42.). Then, at a pace, leaning on a stick, they perform a jump with a turn of the skis and body towards a new steep oblique descent, coinciding in direction with the original descent. When turning the skis, simultaneously with the lifting of the backs up the slope, the tips of the skis are lowered down (the center of rotation is near the boots). After landing, the skier returns to an oblique descent, gently bending and beginning a new slide rounded towards the slope.

On a wide, non-steep slope, perform three or four successive long rounded slip-jumps.

Rice. 42. Series of slips and jumps

Methodical instructions. First, you should repeat the injection-jumping exercise on the spot. After this, rehearse the “and-and-one!” exercise, complementing the jump with a short, slight turn of the body and skis towards the stick stuck in the snow (rotational throw). Repeat oblique and rounded slips. When practicing series, achieve wide, sloping arcs of sliding, ending with lifting the toes of the skis upward (to facilitate the jump).

Typical mistakes. 1. Short slides with a slight lowering of the backs of the skis. 2. Angular (rather than straight) position of the body at the time of the injection. 3. Turning the skis when jumping around the toes (throwing the heels). 4. Insufficient flexion ("stiffness" of the legs) 5. Poor sliding. 6. Incorrect injection coordination. 7. Lack of support on the stick.

Turns on parallel skis. This section of the program is central, since turns on parallel skis are the most perfect and universal way to overcome various mountain terrain and varying conditions of snow cover on the descent. In addition, the technique of turns on narrowly set parallel skis is distinguished by its grace, and every skier strives to master it perfectly.

Large and medium radius turns. They begin as a result of a rotational impulse generated when edging the skis - the support, followed by a slight turn of the body into the valley and tilting inside the turning arc. Flexion and extension are used to unload the skis.

In an oblique descent on parallel skis, bending is performed along with edging and stick injection. Next, using the support of the stick, the skier unbends, directing the whole body in a short turning movement inward and towards the turn. There is a re-edging of the skis and entry into slipping. The body position is open, that is, directed towards the turn, facing the skis. The trajectory of the sliding arc depends on the initial support - repulsion, the degree of tilting and the axial load of the skis. Turning begins with a soft shock-absorbing bending of the legs and is complemented by an angular position that ensures best conditions tilting and control of the arc with loading of the outer ski.

In Fig. 43 shows a complex diagram of performing a turn on parallel skis. The movement is divided into the following main phases (compare with the diagram in Fig. 24).

Turn preparation - first phase: skier movement lower hand brings the tip of the ski pole forward, simultaneously starting to bend and preparing for the injection;

squats and at the end of the bend injects with a stick slightly in front and to the side below.

Beginning of the turn (entry into the turn) - second phase: the skier unbends, using support on the stick to perform a short turn of the body in the direction of the turn;

leaning inside the turn, edges the skis;

depending on the curvature of the turn makes more or

less prolonged flexion in order to remove the unloading period and gently begin sliding.

Driving the turn - third phase:

the skier begins to slide, turning almost to face the skis;

after crossing the slope line, it gradually loads the outer ski and takes a more or less pronounced angular position depending on the steepness of the slope, speed and curvature of the turn;

controls the slip arc by changing the edge and stance.

End of turn - fourth phase:

for the most simple way when stopping, the skier does not change his stance and continues to turn until the tips of his skis begin to slide up the slope;

to transition to an oblique descent, the skier, straightening up, takes a straight stance and edges his skis;

To enter the next turn, the skier has all the necessary prerequisites: he is bent, his skis are edged, so there is a strong support for performing the jump. The skier turns to face the pestle skis with the lower arm moving forward to deliver a thrust with the stick (inside to the next turn). The preparation for a new turn is the end of the previous turn. All that remains is to load both skis by bending and inject with a stick. This is how conjugate turns are performed, which means a series of turns connected to one another without intermediate oblique descents.

Guidelines. A series of slips and jumps are recommended. The first preparatory exercise for practicing a full turn on skis (turn from the slope) is a turn from a straight descent. It is convenient to enter the turn at the bend of a gentle hillock. Then gradually cross the slope line, practicing more and more complete turns from the slope. The shape of the relief is convex, the entrance to the turn is at the bend. To practice conjugate turns, a undulating, unsharp ridge is preferable, when crossing which the skier makes turns.

Initially, turning is practiced with unloading in the form of a jump. The technique of a jump turn is the same as the technique of the described turn on parallel skis, but is performed with more powerful unloading of the skis, up to the lifting of the skis from the snow. This manner of performing a turn is a preparatory stage before mastering the main turn. In addition, a jump turn is especially effective when driving in heavy wet snow, as well as in uneven (broken) snow cover, in front of an unexpected obstacle, etc.

Improvement of technique is achieved in training conjugate turns and consists of a gradual decrease in the amplitude of extension, reduction and subsequent elimination of ski lift from the snow. When sliding in an arc, the ski trail should be narrow, evenly stretched along its length. Body movements are soft (to absorb uneven terrain).

Common mistakes.

1. Twisting the body in the direction of rotation, sweeping movements of the shoulder girdle.

2. Strong jump, wide pushing of the backs to the side.

3. Excessive forward lean of the torso, leading to excessive slipping of the rears when turning. Broken body position.

4. Excessive body tilt towards the inside of the turn (fall).

5. Full extension (straightening legs, lower back).

6. Incorrect thrust and support on the stick (lack of synchronization, insufficient or too long support).

8. Flaccid extension

Medium and small radius turns. To transition to turns of a smaller radius when tying arcs, the edging rhythm is gradually increased, in the leading phase the angular position is emphasized, support on a stick is used and bracing is combined with tilting the knees inside the arc. Skiers, depending on their individual characteristics, can combine the listed elements in different ways.

Distinctive features of the technique of turns of medium and small radii are: 1) the use of the impulse of the support of the edged skis - the “springboard effect” (for entering the turn); 2) angular position (with its transformation in some cases into an advanced dive); 3) for more steep slopes and in sharper turns, an increase in the amplitude of flexion-extension when entering the turn and in the driving phase; 4) preferential loading of the outer ski when maintaining a turning arc.

At the completion of the turn arc or at the end of a short slide - pre-turn, simultaneously with the injection with the stick, the skier in an angular position rhythmically edges his skis, bending and tilting his knees towards the slope. Thanks to the advanced movement of the body into the turn, the skier uses a springboard push - a “blow” from below to quickly edge and introduce the skis into the turn. Key moment: work of the knees - tilting towards the slope when edging and then moving inside the arc.

The technique of phased movement in turning medium and small radii is shown in Fig. 44. Preparing a turn: a skier in an oblique descent begins to slide-pre-turn;

finishing the pre-turn, he bends and, at the same time as edging, injects with the lower stick (knees inclined towards the slope).

Start of turn:

the skier, using support on a stick (the body is turned into the valley in the angular position of the leading dive) and on edged skis, makes an extension; as it straightens (which should never be complete), it moves the body inward and forward, moving the knees from a position towards the slope to a position away from the slope and at the same time turning the feet in the direction of the turn.

Steering the turn:

the skier softens the landing (resumption of loading) by bending the legs, adjusting the turning force of the feet;

Rice. 44. Sharp turn (medium-small radius turn)

gradually transfers most of the weight to the outer ski towards the turn, slightly moving the torso forward and tilting the knees inward;

the upper part of the body is turned mainly facing the skis (in gentle arcs) or directed more towards the valley, almost not participating in movements (when performing short turns);

The arms are moved to the sides and slightly forward.

The end of the turn, as in the previous case, can take four different shapes. When coupling turns, that is, when one turn goes into the next without intermediate sections of the traverse, the end of one turn is actually a preparation for the next one. The turning technique is thus divided into three phases - preparation, entering the turn and maintaining the arc.

The curvature of the turn trajectory depends on the actions of the skier when entering the turn and, naturally, on preparation for it. For shallow arcs (turns of large and medium radii), sliding in the pre-turn with a long soft edge with slight bending and a slight angular position. The movements of entering a turn are less energetic, with a drawn-out rhythm. Before a sharp turn, the pre-turn is short with a sharp edge and strong bending of the body in the angular position of the leading dive, the stick thrust is applied more to the side. When entering a turn, extension is performed at a fast pace with sufficient force to unload the skis and impart a rotational impulse to them. In the latter case, the necessary tilt of the body and forward movement of the body is accomplished by falling forward inward in an advanced dive and pushing the backs outward. Various combinations of strength and range of motion are the basis for the technique of performing turns of different curvatures.

Guidelines. You should begin mastering the technique of turning a small radius by practicing its variant - a jump turn. The extension movements are more energetic, which causes the skis to lift off the snow and makes it easier to enter the turn. The jump turn has the following advantage: it forces the skier to make identical movements with both legs (skis) at the same time, which teaches narrow parallel skiing and eliminates the skills of stopping.

As the main preparatory exercise, a series of shortened oblique slips and hops are recommended, in which the movements of the knees and the turn of the feet are practiced, as well as the angular position at the moment of edging. Combinations of series of slides with intermediate turns are useful.

For training, avoid steep slopes and icy snow. It is advisable to perform turns at bends, on tubercles or along the ridge. As you master the technique, reduce the extension amplitude, achieving a soft entry into the turn without lifting the skis from the snow. When connecting turns, gradually reduce the sections of traverses connecting the turns. On gentle and medium slopes, practice the technique of gentle turns at medium and high speed. Then on medium and then on steep slopes, practice sharp turns.

Short sharp turns performed on slopes of medium and high steepness using dynamic edging with bending of the legs, creating a “springboard” effect of tossing and turning the skis, are usually referred to as the so-called pushing technique, and this technique underlies short braking turns on steep slopes.

Series of short slides. This is the main thing preparatory exercise to master the technique of short conjugate turns - godil. The skills of short conjugate turns are developed when studying the small radius turns discussed in the previous section.

A necessary condition for performing short slides is to assume an angular position at the moment of edging (Fig. 45). The subsequent transition to an oblique descent occurs in the form of a return from an angular position to a position facing the skis at the moment of jumping (screw movement). This is the main difference between the technique and the previously studied series of slips and jumps, performed in the form of large sloping arcs.

The exercise is performed in the form of short rhythmic slides on a medium slope with well-trodden snow.

Guidelines. You should start by practicing the angular position on the spot and in oblique descents on slopes of varying steepness. The angular position is created due to bending in the hip (pelvis to the slope) and knee joints, so that the skier retains the ability to softly flex and extend in the vertical direction. The development of the skill of precise coordination of a thrust-jump is facilitated by the exercise “and-and-one!”, as well as practicing stops when sliding (lateral and oblique) by edging while simultaneously applying a stopping injection with the lower stick. A series of short slides are repeated on slopes of varying steepness (13 - 25°), changing the rhythm of movements.

Short conjugate turns - godil.

Short conjugate turns are characterized by a rhythmic alternation of movements in which slipping

in arcs are kept to a minimum, areas of intermediate

there are no traverses at all, the turns themselves are practically reduced to the entry phase, and each slip in the arc prepares the next turn, that is, it is itself the first phase. It's essentially a series of half-turns.

The short turn technique is based on the techniques described for a sharp turn. However, there are many more ways to perform short conjugate turns, the common feature of which is a frequent change of movements, a wave-like pattern of the skier’s descent from an apparently stationary top part bodies.

Among the many ways to move with short conjugate turns, there are three main types:

on smooth slopes of medium steepness with good snow cover, they use the technique of conventional conjugate turns on parallel skis, in which edging and stick thrusts play a special role in creating rhythm (Fig. 46);

on steep slopes, the basis for performing short braking turns is a push edging technique with an accentuated angular position and active work knees (godil-braking);

on gentle slopes, short conjugate turns are performed with a relaxed upper body, constantly facing down the slope. The amplitude of movements up and down, angular position, and edging are minimal. Skis in flat skiing deviate from the line of the slope at a small angle; turns can be combined with stick injections and performed without them.

Depending on the steepness and speed of the descent, the skis turn more or less strongly across the slope. The clarity and strength of edging and thrusting with a stick when preparing a turn also depends on this. It is recommended to enter a turn, especially at the initial stage of training, from a jump. Achieve a soft landing by bending your legs. Slipping leads to preparation for the next turn. The body remains turned towards the valley almost all the time. Injections are performed with the arms spread wide to the sides.

On a gentle slope, a wide variety of short turns are possible. You should try to turn your skis with a flat skid. On a steep slope, short braking turns are used. This technique is characterized by powerful rounded slides with the edges of the skis in an almost horizontal position. Unloading is performed by jumping, using strong support on the stick and advanced movement of the body. The most perfect form of short turns on

On steep slopes and on hillocks there are turns using an avalman.

One of the varieties of short turns is the technique of screw movements, or, more precisely, helical movements. Despite the fact that this technique is somewhat outdated and is used less and less by skiers, it is elegant and therefore deserves attention.

Rice. 46. ​​Short conjugate turns

The screw motion technique is directly related to the angular position technique used in traverses. In this stance, the skier is more or less strongly turned away from the slope, bent at the waist and knees (in the transverse plane). The angular bend of the body is conveniently combined with the helical twist of the body - this position provides the best conditions for edging the skis. If a skier tries to move from one corner position to another (the opposite or to the main stance) with a jump, he will perform a screw movement. By jumping, the skier changes the angular position to the opposite and, turning the upper body in one direction, forces the lower body, and with it the skis, to rotate in the opposite direction.

Methodical instructions. First, you should practice short turns on moderately steep slopes (15 - 20°) on well-packed snow. The most favorable relief is the soft form of the ridge section, going straight down the slope (Fig. 47).

Basic preparatory exercise: a series of short slides. Next, alternate a series of two or three short slides and turns away from the slope. Proceed to linking short half-turns from the slope, gradually reducing the sliding phase in them, thereby accelerating the rhythm.

Another training method (for non-dynamic, cautious skiers) is to gradually reduce the sliding phases when connecting regular turns and gradually switch to short turns.

Rice. 47. Ridge section for learning short turns 182

Such turns first appeared in Norway, in the city of Christiania (now Oslo), and were called accordingly “Christiania”. We have retained a name that is more appropriate to the classification of this turn.

Turns on parallel skis are made along arcs of the most varied curvature, at a wide range of speeds, with various movement characteristics - from pure gliding to side sliding. In the combination of these types of movement, all the complexity of this turn, which in general consists of simple elements: direct sliding (a), lateral displacement (b), rotation (c) and tilting (d) (Fig. 53).

Rice. 53. The complex movement of a ski in a turn consists of simple ones: longitudinal sliding (a), lateral displacement (b), rotation in the plane of the slope (c) and tilting on the edge (d)

Dividing the turn into phases makes it easier to explain the technique and teach it. The most common is the division into three phases: entry, main phase and exit of the turn. Such fragmentation is quite enough to reflect its essence.

Turns on parallel skis are distinguished by the method of entry.

The method depends on a number of circumstances: the steepness of the slope, the condition of the snow, the speed of descent, the curvature of the turn and its direction - from or to the slope. These entry methods and the turns themselves are shown schematically in Fig. 54. The thick line indicates the trace of a loaded ski, and the thin line indicates a light one; this also reflects the sequence of transfer of body weight. In the entry phase, the mutual displacement of the skis is visible in the following ways: from the plow (a), from the stop with the outer ski (b), from the stop with the inner ski (c), from the skating step (d), (e), displacement during entry by lightening the skis (f ) and only by re-edging (g).

Rice. 54. Typical traces of turns on parallel skis: (a) from the plow, (b) from the outer stop, (c) from the inner stop, (d) from the lower ridge, (e) from the upper ridge, (f) unloading the skis, ( g) re-edging with body weight transfer

When entering a turn from a plow or stop, the outer ski continues to move in the main phase with some braking due to the preliminary setting at an angle. In other methods, it is possible to fit into the arc tangentially, which makes sliding free from braking with a minimum of losses from snow deformations.

Thus, by turning on parallel skis, manipulating the loading and edging of the skis, we can:
- slide along an arc of constant radius, shifting the heels of the skis around the toes at an angle equal to the angle of rotation;
- glide in an arc and turn the skis to a greater angle, moving the heels more;
- slide along an arc of decreasing curvature due to lateral sliding or, conversely, due to cutting in the edge...

And so on. The nuances of combining sliding with lateral slip and angular displacement of the heels of skis are countless. However, the technical skill of the skier is to ensure that the elements of pure gliding predominate in the turn. Let's look at this in more detail.

By adjusting the angle of setting, loading and tilting the skis, the skier changes the direction and magnitude of the centripetal force, which makes the movement curvilinear. He must have a good sense of the relationship between linear and angular speeds, since this affects the quality of turning (for example, while keeping the linear speed constant, the angular speed decreases with increasing radius). Given the importance of this issue, we will return to it again, although it is discussed in detail in the “Kinematics” section.

The movement of the ski in an arc usually begins with placing it at a certain angle and by the edges. If this angle increases during the turn itself, it means that the tip of the edged skis is cutting in too much. This leads to the fact that the skis, being almost across the movement, no longer slide in an arc, but rather slide sideways. With this combination of these movements, the conversation will be more about braking than about turning. A “clean” entry into a turn without first setting the skis at an angle makes it possible to slide in an arc with minimal heel displacement and almost no lateral drift, therefore, with the least braking.

Thus, by gradually adjusting the basic elements of the technique, the athlete approaches the cutting turn technique. To do this, he tries to distribute the load of the outer ski in the main phase of the turn evenly along its entire length, which provides the best conditions for sliding with deflection along the turning arc. Loading is carried out by lateral deflection and deviation of the upper body to the outside of the rotation. Thus, the contour of the entire body turns out to be slightly curved outward, which, by the way, makes it convenient to bypass the slalom poles. You just shouldn’t exaggerate this position by concentrating the flexion in the pelvic area: you will end up with an oblique stance that puts unnecessary stress on the muscles.

As for the deflection of the body towards the center of the rotation arc, it is different at different points of the main phase. If at the beginning the slope is small and the body is straightened, then towards the end the slope is greater and the lateral bend is more pronounced.

Having examined in general terms turns on parallel skis, we will analyze the technique of each of them, taking as a basis a complete turn from the slope. The starting position will be an oblique descent with the corresponding loading of the lower ski, which means that in the turn it will be the inside, and the top ski will be the outside.

Turning from the plow on parallel skis. The name itself suggests that the plow is an intermediate technique, with the help of which an impulse is given to the subsequent turn and the transition to the main phase is made. The plow ends with energetic pushing away with the lower ski and placing it against the upper (outer) one. The weight of the body is on the outside, and sliding along the arc will continue under the influence of the forces of interaction with the snow. The inner ski, placed parallel to the outer one, plays an insignificant role of additional support in the main phase (Fig. 55).

Rice. 55. Turn on parallel skis from a plow

The width of the plow at entry directly depends on the curvature of the upcoming turn and the steepness of the slope and is inversely related to the speed - the greater it is, the narrower the plow. The width of the plow affects the nature of the main phase - the greater the angle of ski spread, the more noticeable is the lateral slip, and therefore the braking.

Turning on parallel skis from a plow is used mainly at low speeds. However, skillful gliding in the main phase allows you to increase speed at the moment of passing the ramp line. Beginner skiers usually tighten the plow position to the slope line. Having achieved good gliding in the main phase, you need to move on to reducing the plow and shortening the phase of entering the turn on parallel skis.

Turning from a stop with the outside ski. In contrast to entering a turn from a plow, when entering from a stop, the ski, which will be on the inside during the turn, continues sliding in the original direction until the body weight is transferred to the outside. This reduces braking. Before setting the stop ski, the skier loads the lower (guide) ski even more for the subsequent push. Simultaneously with placing the outer ski at rest, the shoulders and arms with poles begin to swing forward and sideways to ensure the correct stance and loading of the outer ski, corresponding to the main phase (Fig. 56).

Rice. 56. When entering a turn from a stop, do not look at your feet and move your body forward along with the ski: a - incorrect and b - correct movement

Regardless of the circumstances, corner entry should be a seamless movement, and in short conjugate turns it looks! elastic jump. The higher the skill of the skier, the shorter the turn entry phase and the less emphasis. This lengthens the main phase - turning on parallel skis. The amplitude of the movements depends on the pace of entering the turn, and the width of the stop determines the steepness of the turn. As in a plow, sometimes the phase of entering a turn from a stop is delayed to the line of the ramp and even to the end of the arc - such a turn is called a stop turn.

Turning on parallel skis from a stop is very practical, it is used in a wide range of speeds and snow conditions. Mistakes: the skier either edges the outside ski too sharply, and it crashes into the snow at a large angle, causing the skis to not glide smoothly in the turn, or he twists his body in the direction of the turn, and the closed stance causes excessive lateral sliding and vibration of the skis.

Using simulation exercises, you can speed up learning how to enter a turn from a stop, achieving a reduction in the stop to a minimum on the slope, so that, while maintaining the principle of pushing off with the bottom ski and rotation, you can approach the turn on parallel skis by lightening the skis when entering.

Turn from stop with the inside ski. To create a reliable impulse for the upcoming turn, in particular to facilitate the entry into a turn down a steep slope from an oblique descent, use a stop with the lower ski. When the lower ski is placed point-blank, it becomes more edged, while the upper, flat-lying ski, maintains the direction of descent. The action of the stop is short-term and almost does not cause braking, and the rotational impulse is sufficient to introduce the upper ski into a turn tangential to the arc, which ensures clean gliding in the main phase (Fig. 57).

Rice. 57. Having entered the turn from a stop with the inside ski, the demonstrator accentuates the loading of the outside ski in the main phase by raising the inside ski

When mastering this type of entry into a turn, it is recommended to practice repeated stops with the lower ski during one oblique descent with a return to the starting position. In Fig. Figure 58 shows how, in the process of improvement, the thrust of the lower ski can be transformed into sliding and whipping in the form of a pre-turn.

Rice. 58. The emphasis with the lower ski can be transformed into a push or a sliding undercut, as a pre-turn

Turning on parallel skis from a skating step. In order to start a turn from the slope from an oblique descent with a skating step, the skier, keeping his body weight on the lower ski, allows it to slide with its toe steeper down the slope (at this moment acceleration occurs), while the upper ski maintains the direction of movement. By the time of take-off, the top ski should lie flat in order to freely enter the turn with a flat-cut slide with further edging. The main phase of turning on parallel skis here is very similar to the previous method, since it begins with sliding tangent to the beginning of the arc (Fig. 59).

Rice. 59. Entering a turn on parallel skis from a skating step is widely used on sports tracks

Sometimes the end of a prolonged skating step is performed with a thrust undercut, which facilitates the rapid pulling up of the tip of the lower ski, which is necessary on the sport slopes of slalom and giant slalom. This element has some similarities with the technique of turns on parallel skis in conjugations. When entering a turn with a skating step from an oblique descent to the slope, the sliding in the main phase begins on the inner edge of the top ski with an inevitable lateral displacement that continues after the push ski is applied. This is inherent in all turns on parallel skis in the sliding phase towards the slope, except in cases where the snow compaction under sliding surface the bottom ski creates good support like a counterslope.

Entering a turn “with a wide ski” can be distinguished as a separate method*. This method is a kind of synthesis of the stop and the skate, when the angle of the exposed ski is reduced to zero. With such a parallel position, all that is required is a transfer of body weight from one ski to the other (Fig. 60). There is no such energetic repulsion to redistribute the load of the skis and there is no both the braking effect of the stop and the accelerating effect of the skate. Entering a turn with a wide ski looks like a transfer followed by gliding in an arc. This can be convenient in complex arc mates. In a straight descent, for the same entry into a turn, it is often enough to lighten one ski, after which the other, which turns out to be external and under load, begins a flat-cut slide tangential to the arc.

Rice. 60. Entering a turn on parallel skis is accompanied by a transfer of weight to the outside ski

One of the pioneers of using this technique in our country was Guy Severin, the 1951 USSR downhill champion. His turning technique was generally distinguished by the desire to use the flat sliding phase as long as possible at the beginning of the turn from the slope. This gave it an advantage on long and medium-curved turns, but on steep slalom courses it lacked edge, especially at the end of the curve. This, by the way, was facilitated by the soft and low shoes of those times. Now modernly equipped athletes can perform flat-cut gliding quite successfully.

A significant contribution to the development of the “wide ski” technique was made by the USSR champions of the late 60s, Mansur Khusainov and Valery Semenov, who performed especially successfully on the giant slalom tracks.

Turning on parallel skis with unloading of skis at the entrance. With this method, the parallelism of the skis is maintained in all phases, including entering the turn. Consequently, in order to switch to gliding along an arc, the skier only needs to change his stance, giving the skis the necessary interaction with the snow, ensuring the emergence of centripetal force. Putting the skis in this position is carried out at the moment of weakening their pressure on the snow by bending and unbending the legs.

The most common technique for unloading skis is flexion-extension-flexion of the entire body. Due to the relatively long duration of time in which this ski lightening occurs, this turn entry is easy to master and applicable in almost any conditions. It is no coincidence that the turnaround with this method of unloading in the West is called “light Christiania” because of its accessibility. In Fig. 61 shows a filmogram of this rotation. It is made of an oblique descent from the slope.

Rice. 61. Turning on parallel skis with lightening (unloading) the skis at the entrance

The sequential positions are as follows: initial oblique descent in the main stance (1) with predominantly the lower ski loaded. The only thing that distinguishes a skier’s stance here from an oblique descent is the takeaway right hand with a stick prepared in advance for an injection, as well as bending the entire body like compressing a spring (2). At the end of this squat, the pressure on the snow increases. This is followed by a push-off with a simultaneous thrust with a stick and a swing of the upper body and arms in the direction of the turn - at the end of the push-off the body is straightened (3), the contact of the skis with the snow is weakened, thanks to the blocking of the muscles in the lumbar-pelvic region, the inertia of the swing is transferred to the skis, which, having received a rotational impulse, the skis begin to rotate and shift outward in the arc. In order for the shift of the skis outside the arc to be freer and softer, it is accompanied by a smooth bending of the legs to the position of the main turn post with the loading of the outer ski.

An important detail should be noted: in the process of final bending, until the adhesion of the skis to the snow has reached its maximum, the speed of rotation of the skis in the direction of the turn is greater than the speed of rotation of the shoulders. As a result of this difference, we get a normal, non-twisted, turning stance, in which the skis are quite close to each other, without noticeable extension of the inside ski forward. The entry phase is over, the skier glides in an arc, performing the main phase of the turn on parallel skis (4-5-6). The stance is free, relaxed, without excessive twisting of the body in the direction of the turn and lateral bending of the body with an elaborate opening to the outside of the turn, inherent in the old Austrian school of the 50s. The skier glides confidently, distributing the weight evenly along the entire length of the ski, feeling it well with the entire sole.

Let's take a closer look at some of the subtleties of the last element. They are inherent in all types of turns, but are especially noticeable on parallel skis, where the slightest fluctuations in the distribution of body weight along the length of the skis affect the nature of the glide. As we have already said, the final link of our body that controls the ski is the foot with three points of support on the sole and ankles. Two front fulcrum points on the sole are formed by the arch of the metatarsus and one behind - by the heel. They transfer pressure to the ski. Moreover, the front points can load the front part of the ski with an emphasis on the inner or outer edge of the ski, and the ankles participate only in edging.

Thanks to the skillful use of the “three-point” support, it is possible to change the passage of the main phase of the turn at the discretion of the skier. So, to slightly increase the activity of the forces applied to the front part of the ski and dragging the skier into a turn, it is often enough to press the shin on the front edge of the top of the boot, inside the metatarsals onto the sole, and the ankle onto the boot shaft. This technique, unnoticeable from the side, ensures smooth entry into a turn from a slope with a transition from flat to flat-cut sliding, most often obtained before reaching the slope line. After this line, the turn continues towards the slope, and to improve the penetration of the ski edge, lateral movement of the knees is added. With the same movement, we strengthen the edge of the skis to stop when turning uphill or, conversely, weaken it when switching to an oblique descent. As you can see, the final phase of a turn on parallel skis - exiting the turn - is carried out by changing the loading of the ski ribs. A sharp stop is achieved by turning the skis across the stroke and maximum edging.

While going through the main phase, the skier must remember that depending on the completeness of the turn, the inclination of the skis to the horizon changes to a greater or lesser extent, and the speed changes accordingly. He must respond to acceleration when reaching the ramp line and deceleration as he approaches the traverse by correspondingly shifting the support towards the heels or toes. In addition, the changing nature of the skis' sliding in different phases of the turn (it is usually cleaner at the beginning and with more sliding at the end) must also be compensated by the redistribution of body weight along the skis: pressure from the fingers or heels decreases or increases. Thus, in a kind of swing over the skis, similar to a free descent down a slope of variable steepness, the skier maintains balance in the turn. In short, frequent turns, where the center of gravity of the body moves almost straight along the line of the slope, and the skis glide in small arcs, the need to correct the loading of the skis and the tilt of the body disappears, and the pressure is applied by the entire sole.

Exact recipes for loading the front or rear of the skis in one or another phase of the turn should not be given, since the countless combinations of sliding and lateral sliding elements, as well as specific slope conditions, have their own influence on the nature of the movement in turns on parallel skis. But it is necessary to pay attention to this. Only practice and more practice will instill in the skier the necessary ski control skills.

The turn with unloading of skis at the entrance is the most common in alpine skiing, and all the elements inherent in the technique of turns on parallel skis are present to a greater or lesser extent in it. It is better to start mastering the entrance to this turn on the spot, performing elastic jumps with lifting the backs of the skis by 10-15 cm. Then do this exercise on a direct descent along a gentle slope, then on an oblique one. By adding lateral movement of the legs with the heels of the skis moving uphill, we get a combination of all the elements necessary to initiate a turn.

The process of improvement here goes through a gradual decrease in the height of the lift off of the skis from the snow and a reduction in the duration of the turn entry phase relative to the main phase of the turn. A qualitative leap in technique occurs when, to lighten the skis, only short-term flexion and extension of the legs are used with simultaneous lateral displacement of the skis to the outside of the turn. Subsequent bending of the legs - the main element in cushioning the mounds - is also included in the technique of pairing turns.

Thus, using ski unloading by flexion-extension, we get several options for entering a turn on parallel skis:
a - with a predominance of angular displacement of the heels and loss of contact with the snow;
b - with lateral displacement of skis and loss of contact; c - with lateral displacement of the skis and maintaining contact of the skis with the snow.

The last option requires more high skill. It is usually observed when performing sharp, full turns at relatively low speeds and mainly from straight descents - lowering the center of gravity of the body when bending the legs and pushing the skis to the side when extending gives some increase in speed, similar to the advanced damping of the bump. The ability to enter a turn from a jump expands the skier’s technical horizons and makes it easier to master short turns on steep slopes (Fig. 62).

Rice. 62. Entering a turn with a sharp push-off (jump) is convenient on steep slopes

Clean turn on parallel skis. A “clean” turn is a turn, the entrance to which and its main phase are made only by re-edging the skis and redistributing body weight. No other elements are used in this method, although they may somehow appear. It is mainly used in downhill racing. A clean turn looks psychologically difficult: not everyone can trust the skis to start sliding along the curve “on their own,” and even with their backs uphill. It is easier to achieve from straight descents, when the skis lie flat on the snow, and most importantly, have a high speed. Then, to introduce them into a turn, it is enough, as already mentioned, to load more heavily the edge facing the center of the upcoming turn. This is, strictly speaking, what the transition to flat-cut gliding looks like, which we analyzed in the skating step and step-over turns.

It is difficult to start a clean turn from an oblique descent from a slope. In order for the skis to go steeper down the slope at the beginning of the turn, it is necessary to gradually reduce the edge, but so that the skis continue to slide forward and do not start sliding sideways. What helps here is a real feeling of the existing speed and the intended curvature of the upcoming turn. It is impossible to make a sharp turn at low speed this way.

Gradually reducing the edge of the skis, you need to load your toes harder - only then will the skis begin to reach the slope line through the flat sliding phase. Depending on the speed of descent and the curvature of the turn, flat sliding can occur very quickly and end just as quickly, switching to flat sliding with a slight lateral drift in the final phase of the turn towards the slope.

Here, for the sake of clarity, I would like to draw an analogy with a stream of water released onto a slope at an angle to the slope. The higher the outflow speed, the smoother the bend of the jet will be, and the steeper the slope, the sharper the bend of the jet will be. So nature itself suggests a turn with the least losses*.

Clean turns in sports practice are used on downhill and super-G tracks. The choice of slopes and the marking of routes for them are usually taken very seriously. The track should place high demands on the athlete’s skill, favor the use of the most advanced technology, and the manifestation of tactical thinking.

While analyzing the turning technique, we almost didn’t touch on the use of sticks. This is no coincidence, since they play only a supporting role.

In steering turns, sticks are used as a balancer and to restore balance as additional support.

When making turns on parallel skis, support on a stick, in most cases internal to the upcoming turn, fixes the moment and place of entry into the turn, emphasizing all movements made by the skier, in particular lightening the skis. Depending on the purpose of the support, the speed and curvature of the turn, the stick is stuck either closer to the toe of the ski, or at the level of the bindings. The higher the speed, the steeper the sticking. The support is turned into a short injection, trying to quickly remove the pin from the snow. Moreover, in an effort to increase speed, the stick makes a pendulum movement, as if scooping up snow under itself.

Observations show that the higher the skill of a skier, the less often he resorts to the help of poles, paying maximum attention to the sliding of his skis.

* Even more visual is the experiment with a ball released onto an inclined surface at an angle to the slope.