The number of jumps installed on the mogul track is equal to. Photo of the day. What is mogul? Among off-axis jumps there are three categories:

Which consists of skiing on a bumpy slope and performing jumps on springboards. This subtype of sport received its name because of the name of the hillocks, which in the framework of special terminology are called moguls.

Short description history of origin.

Mogul is a form of freestyle skiing that began to emerge in the 1930s in Norway. Back then, skiers performed various acrobatic tricks on skis during training.

Freestyle competitions began to be held already in the 1960s and were opposed to traditional disciplines in alpine skiing Oh. The father of ski acrobatics is often called Stein Eriksson, an Olympic gold medalist who developed the rules of freestyle in the 50s of the twentieth century. Mogul was one of the three original freestyle disciplines, along with ski ballet and ski acrobatics. Initially, it consisted of one race, which included rolling over hillocks and jumping with tricks.

In 1947, the Canadian Freestyle Association was created in Canada and freestyle (including moguls) was recognized by the Ski Association of Canada. In the USSR, freestyle was recognized in 1985, and the first competitions were held in 1986.

Brief description of the basic principles and features of the sport.

In moguls, skiers descend a slope about 235 meters long, on which moguls are arranged in a checkerboard pattern. During the descent, the athlete must perform 2 jumps from the springboards, which are located on the track. Traditionally there is one jump at the beginning of the course and one at the end. The judges evaluate the speed of the course, technique and jumps. However, they look not only at these parameters, because... They also evaluate the aesthetics of the descent, its quality, rhythm, approach to the jumps, speed of turns, as well as entry into the track after jumping. When evaluating jumps, their complexity, amplitude, trajectory, execution and quality of landing are taken into account. There are 7 judges watching the course. As a result, scores are calculated for a specific forum. 50% of the final grade is made up of passing technique, jumping and speed - 25% each.

Description of the varieties of sports discipline.

Actually, mogul is a subspecies of freestyle. However, the mogul can be either single or double.

Existing international, European and state (Russian) federations, and other large (state) associations related to the described sport.

The Russian Freestyle Federation is engaged in the promotion, popularization and development of freestyle in Russia. Created in 1987.

International Federation ski types Sports (FIS) is an international organization that oversees all types of skiing, including freestyle, founded in 1924.

Main competitions in this sport

Since 1992, freestyle skiing has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games.

The Freestyle World Cup has been held annually since 1975. World Cup stages are held in various countries: USA, Croatia, Italy and many others.

Persons and personalities of the sport of the Russian Federation.

Sergey Shchupletsov, a legend of Russian freestyle, multiple medalist of the Olympic Games and championships.

How did the winter sport mogul appear and what is it?

Editor's response

Mogul is a discipline of freestyle skiing in which skiers perform tricks, jumps and incredible turns using moguls - natural or artificial bumps on ski slope. Moguls force the skier to maneuver between them, making turns, and skiers use large springboard moguls to perform jumps. The performance is assessed by judges, whose scores consist of three components: scores for the technique of turns, scores for the complexity and quality of the jumps, as well as the time of descent. Mogul was included in the official program of the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 (at the games in Albertville), quickly gaining popularity among spectators for its entertainment.

Name and origin of the sport

Austrian peasants called small hills moguls; later this word began to be used to designate mounds formed on ski slopes when skiers throw snow into piles when making turns. Some tracks on ski resorts are leveled irregularly or not at all when slopes are too steep for snowcats to operate, allowing moguls to form there. It was precisely these slopes that extreme skiers chose in the 60s and 70s of the last century, performing tricks that went far beyond the boundaries of traditional alpine skiing. Nowadays, in competitions, moguls are created on the tracks using technical means, including the formation of two springboards - lower and upper, on which skiers demonstrate jumps.

RIA Novosti / Mikhail Mokrushin

The first freestyle skiing competitions gathered their participants in the USA, in the state of New Hampshire. They formed the main elements of freestyle: hill descent, jumping and acrobatic tricks - now they are combined into such disciplines as ski cross, moguls, slopestyle and ski acrobatics. Athletes were judged for the fastest time on the track, the uniqueness of their stunts, the beauty of their jumps, and the complexity of the elements, which pushed them to perform increasingly dangerous stunts. As a result of numerous cases of injuries and even deaths of athletes, freestyle skiing has gained fame dangerous looking sport, which pushed sponsors away from competitions, and also closed the way for freestyle in Olympic program. However, moguls continued to be popular among the media and spectators, most of whom came to watch the deadly falls of athletes and feel the spirit of extreme sports.

Growing interest in freestyle skiing prompted the International Ski Federation to recognize freestyle skiing as a sport in 1979, which unified and tightened the rules and licensing procedures for athletes and freestyle clubs. By this time, jumping with head flips was prohibited in moguls, and new rules further limited the performance of dangerous elements in competitions. The first World Championships were held in 1986 in France, and demonstration competitions were held at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary. In 1992, moguls were included in the official program of the Winter Olympic Games in Albertville, where Edgar Grospiron (France) became the first ever gold medalist.

Ekaterina Stolyarova (Russia) in mogul qualifying at the women's freestyle competition at XXII winter Olympic Games in Sochi. Photo: RIA Novosti / Mikhail Mokrushin

Tournaments and mogul rules

In addition to the Olympics, the International Ski Federation holds an annual Freestyle World Cup competition that includes moguls. World Cup stages take place every year around the world. Competitions are held in both mogul and double mogul.

Mogul competitions begin with a qualifying race, the results of which determine the athletes who advance to the finals. In the final, the participants perform another race, in which the winner and prize-winners are determined based on the results of the assessments. In double moguls, qualifying is also carried out first, and in the final races, athletes compete in pairs against each other for elimination.

Ekaterina Stolyarova (Russia) during the qualifying round of the women's freestyle mogul competition at the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi. Photo: RIA Novosti / Ramil Sitdikov

For mogul competitions at the Olympic Games, a track with a length of at least 250 m and a slope of at least 27° is being prepared. Based on the results of the race, the judges give each athlete a score: for turning - 50%, for jumping - 25%, for speed - 25%. Judging is carried out by 5 or 7 judges, where 3 or 5 judges respectively evaluate the execution of turns, and the rest - the execution of jumps.

Jumps are judged on the beauty and quality of the trick, as well as on its complexity. There is a system of basic ratings, increasing and decreasing coefficients, as well as 3 categories of jumps, including somersaults, side somersaults, straight spins, side jumps and straight jumps. When assessing turns, the following criteria are taken into account: descent along the “fall line” (the skier must adhere to one line of moguls), the use of edging (the rules use the phrase “mogul carving”), repetition of the terrain of the route (the athlete must follow the terrain of the slope, absorbing the bumps and straightening out in hollow between the tuberosities), the upper body cannot perform sudden movements and should remain pointing down the slope.

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Moguls are bumps on a slope that are formed when skiers throw snow into piles when making small radius turns. They can also be built using technical means (from a shovel to a snowcat) on a slope for the purpose of holding competitions or freestyle training. Once formed, natural humps tend to grow as skiers ski around them along the same path, thus deepening the valleys between the humps. Since skiing tends to make a series of connected turns, individual humps form hump fields. At most ski resorts, some slopes are graded irregularly or not at all, allowing for bumps to form. These bumpy trails are usually quite steep. Some of the tracks cannot be leveled due to their steepness, small width or the presence of obstacles that prevent the snowcat from passing. It is on such routes that bumps usually form. Trails with humps that can be flattened usually become flattened when the humps become too large and the valleys between them become too deep, so that the humps become too difficult to ski on and around. Some hump fields flatten out when they become icy or too rough to be safe and enjoyable to ski on.

A fun fact is that over the course of the season, the fields of mounds move upward (unless they are dug up), due to the fact that the lower parts of the mounds are scraped off by skiers braking on them, and this snow rolls down to the next hill.

Origin of the term

The term "mogul", according to one version, comes from the word mugel in the Viennese dialect of German, meaning a small hill [ ] . At the same time, in modern German the discipline is called Buckelpiste.

Methods and techniques for rolling on hillocks

The slope of the route should be 28°±4° with a length of 235 m ± 35 m and a total width of at least 18 m, while the width of the line of hillocks should be 10 m ± 2 m. There should be no sections on the route longer than 20 m on which the slope would be less than 20° or more than 37°. The vertical difference in height should be 110 m ± 30 m. The height of the springboards should be 50-60 cm. For a pair mogul, the track can be shorter - 200 m ± 50 m, less in vertical difference 80 m ± 20 m and should be wider - no less than 21 m, while the width of the line of mounds should be 6.5 m ± 0.5 m.

To hold mogul competitions at the Olympic Games, the course must be longer - at least 250 m and have a slope of at least 27°.

Based on the results of the race, the judges give the athlete a score. The score consists of the following three components: Score for turns - 50% Score for jumping - 25% Score for speed - 25%

Judging is carried out by either 7 judges or 5 judges. In the first case, 5 judges evaluate the execution of turns, and 2 judges evaluate the execution of jumps. In the second case, the turns are evaluated by 3 judges.

When assessing the performance of turns, the following criteria are taken into account: - Descent along the line closest to the line of fall. The athlete must adhere to one line of bumps

The athlete must use edging when making turns (the rules use the phrase mogul carving, but this has nothing to do with carving as a riding style with carved turns throughout the entire descent)

The athlete must follow the terrain of the course, absorbing the bumps and straightening into the valleys between the bumps

Top part The body should not make sudden movements and should remain directed down the slope.

Jumps are judged on the style and quality of the trick and its difficulty. To determine the score for jumps, a system of basic scores and increasing and decreasing coefficients is used.

Mogul jumps are divided into the following categories:

Somersault (forward and backward)

Side somersault

Direct rotations

Off axis jumps

Straight jumps

The rules provide for jumping from or into a switch, as well as bonuses for performing grabs. Currently only single somersaults are allowed.

Among off-axis jumps there are three categories:

Tricks performed in straight jumps are eagle, kozak, zudnik, daffy, backscratcher, mule kick, iron cross, twister, etc. All these jumps are considered old school by newschoolers.

During the race, the athlete must perform two different jumps. If he performs two identical ones, it will be counted as one and only the best of these jumps will be counted.

The judging system in pair moguls is somewhat different from the system adopted in moguls. Heats are judged by either 5 or 7 judges. Moreover, in the case of a system with 5 judges - 1 judge evaluates the jumps, 1 judge evaluates the speed, 2 judges evaluate the turns and 1 judge evaluates the race as a whole. In case of 7 judges - 2 judges evaluate jumps, 1 judge evaluates speed and 4 judges evaluate turns. Each of the judges gives votes (from 0 to 5) comparing the passages of two athletes. The athlete who receives a simple majority of votes wins.

At the moment, the rules do not establish requirements for the length of skis, but previously there was a restriction that for men the length of skis must be at least 190 cm, and for women 180 cm.

Under the auspices of the FIS, in addition to the World Cup and the Olympic Games, the World Freestyle Championships, World Junior Championships, Universiade, Continental Cup, European Cup, Australian and New Zealand Cup, North American Cup, International Children's Championships, National Championships are held. In addition to competitions held under the auspices of FIS, professional commercial competitions are also held, such as Sprint Bumps and Jumps, Budwiser Pro Mogul Tour, etc.

Mogul in Russia

In Russia, freestyle began to develop in the late 1970s with the start of the work of the first sections of freestyle fans. The eighties of the 20th century became a period of its rapid development. In 1985, by order of the State Sports Committee, freestyle was officially recognized in the USSR and acquired the status of an independent sport.

In 1986, the first all-Union freestyle competitions were held. Then, in Chimgan near Tashkent, the country's first champions in moguls were determined - Anna Vershinina and Stanislav Sokolenko.

With all the artistry, expressiveness, and spectacle of freestyle skiing, there is no need for high mountains and long trails. You can do it on sites that are not very close steep slopes just over 200 meters long. Therefore, the first fans of freestyle are in Moscow, where the first special base for this sport in the USSR was built in Krylatskoye. Then such bases were equipped in Leningrad and other regions of the country.

At first, freestyle classes were managed by the freestyle technical committee of the All-Union Ski Federation. Its members included representatives of the sports community and specialists in related disciplines - acrobatics, alpine skiing. In 1988, the independent USSR Freestyle Federation was created under the chairmanship of Alexander Ivanitsky. Its successor in 1992 was the Russian Freestyle Federation, headed by President Vladimir Maslachenko. Since 1994, the Russian Freestyle Federation has been headed by Lev Kofman. In 2007, Alexander Cherkasov was elected president of the Federation to replace Lev Kofman, who resigned.

Unlike classic alpine skiing in moguls (and freestyle skiing in general), Russia quickly achieved success in the international arena.

In 1991, Elizaveta Kozhevnikova won three stages of the World Cup in moguls and took second place in another stage. At the Winter Olympics in Albertville in 1992, Elizabeth took second place, and in 2002 and 2003 she took two second places at the World Cup stages in Saint-Lary (France) and Mont Tremblant (Canada). Also in 2003, she became second at the World Freestyle Championships in pair moguls. At the moment (beginning of 2008), Marina Cherkasova and Lyudmila Dymchenko are still active athletes and take part in the European Cup or World Cup.

The greatest success in moguls was achieved by Sergey Shchupletsov, who can be called a legend of Russian and world freestyle. In 1991, Sergei Shchupletsov stood on the World Cup podium for the first time, taking second place at the stage in Pyhaetunturi (Finland). In 1994-1995 he took a leading position in the world mogul. His achievements during this period include 13 World Cup wins, including a record-breaking win at the end of 1994 in 1996.

Mogul training

This subsection describes the main directions training process professional athletes- Mogulists.

Off-slope training (summer):

Divided into two components - general physical training, gymnastic (acrobatic training)

Aerobic training: running long distances, roller skating.

Strength training: lifting weights.

Elasticity: various jumps

Speed: runs at short distances(10-100 meters) with start on a sharp command (reaction training)

Coordination: trampoline, roller skating (downhill with sticks), skateboard, gymnastics, acrobatics

Flexibility: stretching

To practice jumping summer time A water springboard is used.

Slope training:

Part of the time is devoted to ski training, slalom and exercises to absorb bumps. A mogul-specific exercise is skating along a track made of small poles placed very close to each other in a line. Available special exercises for training bump absorption. Professional mogulists ride on flat slopes much more than you might imagine, as it is much easier to concentrate and learn to ride without bumps.

Tricks are first practiced in the gym, on a trampoline, on a water springboard and only then transferred to the snow.

Training regime for athletes at the national team level (in particular, Finland):

At least 200 days of snow skiing per year

Training in the morning and afternoon, two hours each

In the evening, short game training and stretching

Mogul- Winter Olympia discipline Yiskiy skiing "freestyle", in which athletes descend along a hilly track equipped with 2 jumps.

A specially equipped slope along which skiers descend, It has length is about 235 (+/- 35) m, there are snow mounds and moguls on it in a checkerboard pattern. During the descent, athletes must perform 2 jumps from the springboards located on the track.

skiing in the discipline "mogul" implies the assessment of three components: track technique, speed and jumps.

Judges evaluate aesthetics of skiers descending on the slope: quality, rhythm, speed of turns, approach to jumps and entry into the track after jumps.
For evaluation jumping influenced by their complexity, trajectory, amplitude, height, technical execution and quality of landing.
Time, for which the athlete completed the course according to a certain formula, is recalculated into points.

FIS World Cup, FIS World Championship, Olympic Games - the main tournaments of the international level, within which mogul competitions are held among adult athletes in this skiing sport.

The FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup mogul events are held at ski resorts in Finland, the USA, France, Canada, China, Japan, Sweden and Switzerland, mainly in winter time of the year.

Russian national team in the mogul discipline in the 2015/16 season:

Egor Anufrief, Nikita Kapitonov, Maxim Mikhailov, Alexey Pavlenko, Ivan Panfilov, Alexander Smyshlyaev, Sergey Shimbuev, Andrey Uglovsky, Regina Rakhimova, Marika Pertakhiya, Maria Ostroukhova, Ekaterina Shaferova.

Head Coach: Stephen Fearing

Skiers-legends of domestic moguls

Achieved the greatest success in moguls Sergey Shchupletsov, who can be called a legend of Russian and world freestyle. In 1991 Sergey Shchupletsov reached the World Cup podium for the first time, taking second place at the stage in Pyhaetunturi (Finland). In 1994-1995 he took a leading position in the world mogul. His achievements during that period included 13 World Cup wins, including setting a record of winning six World Cups in a row between late 1994 and early 1995. This achievement was subsequently repeated by American mogulist Jeremy Bloom in 2005 17 more times Sergey Shchupletsov took 2 or 3 places. As a result, in 1994 he took second place in the World Cup, and in 1995 he won it. On Winter Olympics in Lillehamer in February 1994 he won silver medal in mogul, and at the World Freestyle Championships in February 1995 - third place. In the summer of 1995, at the peak of his achievements in moguls Sergey Shchupletsov crashed in the mountains of France on a motorcycle. Sergey Shchupletsov developed his own style in the mogul technique, expressed in active and deep shock absorption and treatment of the bumps. The style is believed to have been adopted by the Finnish freestyle ski team. We also achieved some success Andrey Ivanov And Vitaly Glushchenko, highest achievements which were 2nd place at the World Cup stage in 1996 in Tignes (France) and 3rd place at the World Cup stage in 2003 in Iwanashiro (Japan).

Among the athletes of the new generation, the greatest success has been achievedEkaterina Stolyarova, who won the 2008 World Cup stage in Mont Gabriel (Canada) and took second place at the stage in Lake Placid (USA). In men best results Ruslan Sharifulin achieved the former 3rd at the World Cup stage in Fernier (Canada) in 2005 and 2nd at the stage in Mont Gabriel (Canada) in 2008. Also at the 2007 World Championships he was third in the double moguls .
Components of mogul judging

Turns - 50%
Jumping - 25%
Speed - 25%

Turns

Five judges independently evaluate the athlete’s performance of turns based on the following criteria:

Fall line: descent along the fall line is considered the shortest route from start to finish. To receive maximum points for the fall line, the athlete must remain on the selected fall line from the moment they leave the starting gate.

Carving: Carving should be used when making turns. The concept of "carving" refers to the effective use of edging to control the speed when entering and exiting a turn throughout the entire race. Carving is the result of properly synchronized weight transfer.
.
Cushioning and Extension: The athlete must follow the terrain of the mogul by cushioning from the beginning to the top of the mogul. Straightening begins immediately after the top of the mogul and follows its shape. The pressure of the skis on the snow must remain constant during cushioning and extension, cushioning on the skier's path up and straightening out on the way down. Additionally, the skier must actively use moguls to initiate turns, rather than simply waiting for them to appear.

Upper body: The head should remain in one position facing down the slope. Rib cage should also maintain a straight and natural position. The arms are placed in front of the body in a natural position.

Each judge can award a maximum of 5.0 points. The highest and lowest grades are not taken into account, and the remaining three are added together for a maximum of 15.0 points.

"Interesting is the fact that throughout winter sports season the fields of the mounds move upward (if they are not dug up), due to the fact that the lower parts of the mounds are scraped off skiers, braking on them, and this snow rolls down to the next hill."

Jumping
Two judges independently evaluate both jumps of the athlete according to form and degree of difficulty. Two jumps are scored on a scale of 7.5 points. The scores of the two judges are averaged, so the athlete can receive a maximum of 7.5 points.

Speed
Speed is the final part of evaluating an athlete's performance. The athlete's time is recorded from the moment they leave the starting gate to the moment they cross the finish line, then this time is compared with the target time to determine the number of points.

The setting time is calculated based on the set average speed in m/s and route length. For example, the installation time for the track (225 m long) is 29.22 s for women and 23.68 s for men.

The installation time corresponds to 5.625 points, which is 75% of the maximum score of 7.5 points. Athletes' speed scores are reduced or increased from the standard value in proportion to their time. Each time increment of 2.5% (0.59 s for men and 0.73 s for women) up or down from the set time is assessed as 0.2 points.

Judging
Judging is carried out by a panel of seven judges, awarding a maximum score of 30 points. Deductions are made for mistakes or falls.

Five judges award points for turns (50% of the maximum score or 15 points). Judges independently evaluate an athlete's turns based on the use of fall line, shock absorption, use of cusps while executing turns, as well as carving, body position, pole work, control and activity. The highest and lowest scores are not taken into account, and the remaining three scores are added together.

Two judges independently score two different jumps (25% of the maximum score or 7.5 points). The jump is judged on form, height, distance and landing. The result increases depending on the complexity of the maneuver performed. The two jump scores are averaged and added to the turn score.

The remaining 25% of the score or 7.5 points is awarded for speed and is calculated using a formula based on installation time. The length of the slope is measured from the starting point to the finish, and then the result is divided by a predetermined speed measurement. For women, the estimated speed is 8.2 m/s, and for men - 9.7 m/s. These target times correspond to 75% of the maximum time points.

On Olympics20 athletes reach the finals, at stagesFIS World Cup- from 12 to 16 athletes, perRussian Championship- 16 athletes.

On average, at the World Cup stages the length of the course varies within the following range: 235 (+/- 35) m. If the steepness of the course does not reach 27 degrees, only pair competitions are usually held. If it is more than 27 degrees, singles (single starts) are held.

Tiebreaker: Rules and Procedures
The tiebreaker is decided by adding one-third of the average jump score and one-third of the time scores to each turn score and then comparing the two scores.

Fines
Skiers receive no points (RNS) if they go beyond the control gates located along the course, and are also subject to disqualification (DSQ) for breaking the rules or unsportsmanlike conduct.

Sports dictionary

Backscratcher: The athlete touches his back with the tails of both skis. Knees bent under the body, shoulders and hips tilted back to prevent falling forward.

Trough: a hollow or deep path between snow mounds on a slope.

Grab: During a jump, the skier grabs and holds part of the ski for some time. Performing a grab increases the degree of difficulty.

Daffy: The athlete's legs are wide apart, with one leg in front and the other behind the body. The tip of the front ski looks up, the tip of the rear ski looks down, the skis are parallel to each other.
Double straight jump (eng.: Double Upright): a combination of two movements in one jump.

AND

Iron Cross: the ski toes are crossed, the athlete maintains an upright position.

Z
Zudnik: The upper body leans forward towards the toes of the skis.

AND

Inverted Jumps: These jumps consist of somersaults or loops. They can also include twists, positions or grabs.

Carving: A technique of edging when making turns to control speed. Effective use of edge control to control speed when entering and exiting corners during a run.
Quadruple: performing four positions in one jump.
Quint: Performing five positions in one jump.
Kosak: a combination of eagle and zudnik.
Control Gate: A sequence of ten gates evenly distributed along the mogul route.
Cross: crossing skis in the shape of the letter X.

Fall line: The straightest imaginary line along the steepest slope from the start to the bottom of the slope.
Ruts: depressions between moguls. The deepest part between the moguls.

Mogul: A snow mound or ridge formed by the movement of a skier.
Mogul course: a ski slope specially prepared in accordance with FIS standards on which mogul competitions are held.
Multiple Manoeuvres: Any combination of tricks. For example, double duffy, duffy twister spread or off axis with two positions.
Mule Kick: 90º drop with a 45º twist to the side. The toes are pointed down and the tails are turned to the side.

Off-Axis: Rotation with deviation from the vertical axis resulting from leaning forward and to the side, or leaning back and to the side at the moment of take-off during a 360º or 720º jump.

Loop: rotation around the central sagittal axis of the body.

Reference.
There are three axes of the body: vertical, transverse and sagittal. They all intersect each other at right angles. The vertical axis is the longest and perpendicular to the plane of the support. The transverse axis runs parallel to the plane of the support. The sagittal axis, named from the Latin word “sagitta” - arrow, is directed from front to back. Any number of transverse and sagittal axes can be drawn, but only one vertical axis. Therefore, the vertical axis is called the main axis. The axes correspond to three planes - sagittal, frontal and horizontal.

Turns: sequential change of direction of movement in both directions from the fall line.
Position: In a jump, a skier can perform a position for a period of time, such as crossing skis. Performing the position increases the degree of difficulty.
Body Position: The posture, balance and movement of the athlete's body.
Jump (Air): A jump performed by an athlete during a mogul race. Each mogul race requires two jumps.
Air Bump: A specially designed jump board installed on a mogul track.

Reverse trough: A technique for riding on top of bumps and turning in the opposite direction of the trough.
RNS (Receives No Score): the athlete does not receive any points.

WITH

Spread: The athlete's arms are extended and his legs are spread out to the sides. The upper body remains vertical, the skis are parallel to each other.
Switch: changing the direction of takeoff or landing when performing a jump. After entering the jump facing forward, the skier changes direction 180º and exits the jump backwards. Switch can also refer to the landing of a jump when it is performed backwards.
Speed: The time it takes a skier to complete a run. Accounts for 25% of the final result.
With Position: Add a position to the jump, such as “360 with position.”

Tip Cross: crossing the tips of the skis. The athlete maintains an upright position.
Triple Upright: A combination of three positions in one jump.
Twister: skis are turned 90º to one side of the body, arms and the body itself are turned in the opposite direction.

Landing Angle (LA): Landing angle in degrees.
Pace Time: Calculated value, different for men and women. To calculate the installation time, the length of the route in meters is divided by the value of the installation time.

Helicopter: 360º direct rotation.

Four-point landing: When a skier lands after performing a jump, both poles are stuck into the slope.
Four-point takeoff: When a skier takes off from a mogul, both poles are stuck into the slope.

I
Yard sale: a fall in which skis, poles, helmet, etc. appear scattered along the slope.

Section 4. Competition rules in the mogul discipline

Mogul competitions take place on a specially prepared track about 200 m long, consisting of jumps, humps, landing areas, roll-out and braking areas. During the competition, participants perform descents and jumps from specially prepared springboards.

4.1. Mogul track

4.1.1. General characteristics tracks

The mogul course should, as far as possible, have a consistent profile and slope (not be excessively concave or convex), be evenly hummocked, and have a satisfactory snow surface quality.

4.1.2. Main parameters of springboards

Springboard parameters	Indicators
Maximum distance:
	4-5 m.
	15 m.
Springboard height	5cm.
Landing zone angle	more than 26°
Springboard angle	26-30°
Springboard width	130 cm ± 10 cm.

Control gate

On the slope, at the same vertical distance from each other, there are nine control gates m wide, marked with flags 0.75 m wide and 1.20 m high.

4.1.3. Mogul track design and construction

When preparing the route, it is necessary to pay attention Special attention ensuring the safety and quality of the snow cover, smoothing out sharp protrusions, deep holes, removing pieces of ice and ruts from snow cannons, adjusting springboards if they do not meet the parameters defined by technical specifications.

4.2. Competition format

Mogul competitions are held in the format of single performances.

The qualifying (Q) and final (F) parts of the competition may consist of several stages.

Based on the results of the qualifying race (Q1), admission to participation is granted and the starting order for a certain number of athletes in the final part of the competition is determined. If the qualifying part of the competition consists of two stages, then a second qualifying race (Q2) is held with the participation of 16/12 (or less) of the best athletes from among those remaining based on the results of the first qualifying race (Q1). In this case, based on the results of the second qualifying heat, the same number of athletes qualify for the final as based on the results of the first.

Depending on the status of the competition, the final part of the competition may also consist of several stages. The best athletes based on the results of qualifying races take part in the first race (F1) of the final part of the competition. The best athletes based on the results of the first final race, in the number indicated in the table below, participate in the subsequent final races (F1, F2).

Number of participants at the competition stages during the Russian Championship and Cup:

Floor	Q1	Q2	F1	F2

4.3. Conducting competitions

4.3.1. Official training

Official training in mogul competitions is an integral part of the competition. Athletes are required to take part in it.

On the day of a moguls competition, athletes are allocated at least 30 minutes to practice before the competition. Time is allocated at the start of the session to review the course, followed by normal practice from the start to the end of the course.

4.3.2. Start command

The command to start in a mogul begins with a warning, which is given ten seconds before the start. Then the command to start is given: “The participant is ready!.. 3, 2, 1, march!”

4.3.3. Grade

The performance of the participants is assessed taking into account three main components:

– turns – 60% of the score;

– jumping – 20% of the score;

– speed – 20% of the assessment.

4.3.4. Setting time

The time limit for mogul competitions on a particular course is determined by the chief secretary of the competition by dividing the length of the course in meters by the time limit factor in meters per second.

The installation time coefficient for men is - 9.70 m/sec.

The installation time coefficient for women is 8.20 m/sec.

4.3.5. Number of jumps

All tracks have two jumps, unless the jury decides otherwise. Each participant must perform two different jumps to receive the maximum score. Jumps must be from different categories, which are listed below:

The number of jumps by category does not impose a strict limitation on the athlete’s performance, but determines the number of jumps for which the score is taken into account. If he performs one jump, he receives a maximum of 50% of the total possible score for the jumps. If an athlete performs more than two jumps, when calculating the result, the score for the jump with the fewest points is not taken into account.

4.3.6. Flower ceremony

The organizer has the right to schedule an unofficial ceremony of congratulations to the winners and runners-up (flower ceremony) immediately after the end of the competition before the deadline for filing protests. At the same time, the correct wearing of bibs by athletes participating in the ceremony is mandatory.

Section 5. Rules of competition in the discipline of double moguls

Double mogul competitions take place on a specially prepared track about 200 m long, consisting of jumps, humps, landing areas, roll-out and braking areas. During the competition, two participants simultaneously perform descents and jumps from specially prepared springboards.

5.1. Dual mogul course

5.1.1. General characteristics of the route

The mogul course, as far as possible, should have a consistent profile and slope (not be excessively concave or convex), be evenly hummocked, and have a satisfactory snow surface quality.

5.1.2. Main parameters of springboards

Main settings	Measurements
Maximum distance:
From the end of the last hill to the edge of the springboard	4-5 m.
From the edge of the springboard to the end of the landing zone	15 m.
Springboard height	50-60 cm.
Landing zone angle	more than 26°
Separation angle	26-30°
Springboard width	130 cm ± 10 cm.

Control gate

On the slope, at equal distances from each other, there are nine control gates, marked with flags 0.75 m wide and 1.20 m high, indicating the limits of the track and the center line. The width of each course on the double mogul course is 6.5 m ± 0.5 m.

5.1.3. Design and construction of a double mogul track

The construction of a mogul route can be carried out using snow compaction equipment, but it is necessary to ensure that the routes comply with existing standards (ensure the lines are even and the correct number and size of bumps).

The jumps on the mogul course are located at the top - at a distance of 15% of the total length of the course from the start line - and at the bottom - at a distance of 20% of the total length of the course from the finish line.

When preparing the route, it is necessary to pay special attention to ensuring the safety and quality of the snow covering, smoothing out sharp protrusions, deep holes, removing pieces of ice and ruts from snow cannons, jumps, if they do not meet the parameters defined by the technical specifications.

The organizer is obliged to ensure the appropriate quality of snow cover; if there is not enough snow on the track, the organizer is obliged to ensure its timely delivery. The Jury has the right to postpone or cancel the competition if the hummocks do not meet the requirements for a mogul competition.

5.2. Equipment

5.2.1. Starting device in paired mogul

Launch pad

The starting area must be prepared in such a way that athletes can freely stand on the starting line and quickly reach maximum speed after the start.

Starter location

Requirements for the location of the starting device can be adjusted taking into account the characteristics of a particular slope.

The design of the starting device must ensure the simultaneous start of the athletes by opening the gates and not allow athletes to independently open or prevent the opening of the gates by pressing.

Basic specifications starting device

The starting device for double moguls competitions is a structure consisting of a horizontal base to which two hanging gates measuring 200 cm wide, 40 cm high, weighing 15 kg are attached. each and a lever located between them, at an equal distance from each gate, attached at right angles to the base. The protective plastic coating of the gates on the side of the starting athlete provides better gliding and prevents damage to the skis.

The gates open outwards using a single control mechanism.

In pair moguls competitions, a starting device designed for ski cross competitions may be used.

5.3. Competition format

Pair moguls competitions can be held in two different formats. The first (main) format involves holding singles in the qualifying part of the competition and doubles in the final. The second is paired races in both parts of the competition.

Basic format

Qualifying races are held in the format of single performances. The starting order in qualifying races is determined by the starting protocol. Athletes with odd start numbers (1, 3, 5, etc.) start on the red course, and athletes with even numbers (2, 4, 6, etc.) start on the blue course.

The composition of athletes and the starting order in the final races are determined based on the results of the qualifying races. The final races are held in the format of pairs. The number of athletes in the final heats is 8, 16, 24 or 32.

The athlete who takes a higher position based on the results of qualifying races has the right to choose a course (blue or red). He informs the start judges of his decision before the start procedure begins.

Four best athlete Based on the results of the semi-finals, they advance to the big and small finals, based on the results of which the winners and prize-winners of the competition are determined. Places from first to eighth are determined based on the results of the final races. From the ninth onwards - based on the results of qualifying races.

Top format

In some cases, the jury may decide to hold the competition in a top format, involving paired heats in both parts of the competition.

5.3.1. Distribution by red and blue courses

During competitions, the doubles mogul course is divided into two courses (red and blue), with the left side (when looking at the course from bottom to top) always marked in blue, and Right side– red.

The color of the course (or side of the course) for athletes in pairs is determined in advance as follows:

Stage with the participation of 112 athletes	the best in the pair is assigned to the red course
Stage with 64 participants	the best in the pair is assigned to the blue course
Stage with 32 participants	best in pair - red course
Stage with 16 participants	best in pair - blue course
Stage with 8 participants	best in pair - red course
Stage involving 4	best in pair - blue course
Final stages	best in pair - red course

5.4. Conducting competitions

5.4.1. Official training

The number of official training sessions is determined by the competition organizer.

Official training takes place on the last three days before the competition, although not necessarily continuously.

In special cases, the jury may shorten this period.

The chief judge announces the start time of official training at the first meeting of the jury with the team leaders.

On the day of the competition, before the start of the competition, athletes are allowed to train for at least 30 minutes. The jury has the right, if necessary, to reduce this time.