How the skating rink is designed and works. Ice coverings. For hockey, figure skating and more... Dimensions of the skating rink

The use of modern refrigeration equipment makes the buildings comfortable for visitors and saves significant financial resources. An article on the special website expressholod.ru is devoted to the equipment of ice arenas.

ARENA - THE BASIC ELEMENT OF AN ICE SPORTS FACILITY

The main element of sports ice structures, which distinguishes them from other similar engineering and technical facilities, is the arena covered with ice. It consists of a pre-stressed reinforced concrete slab 150-200 mm thick, into which heat exchange tubes are inserted, through which cooled coolant flows.

These pipes are usually made of PVC or HDPE with an internal diameter of 25 mm, spaced 75-100 mm between centers and located 25 mm from the top surface of the slab. From below and from the sides, reinforced concrete is thermally insulated with a layer of foam plastic 100-200 mm thick.

Heat exchange pipes are connected on one or both sides to the distribution pipes - supply and return.

Under the layer of lower thermal insulation, in the ground at a depth of approximately 300 mm, there is another tubular heat exchanger through which antifreeze circulates at a temperature of +10...+15 C°. This thermal device prevents the formation of an ice lens in the ground, which can deform the slab and even the structure of the building as a whole. A layer of ice 25 mm thick is poured onto the surface of a stressed reinforced concrete slab.

ICE TEMPERATURE. FOR HOCKEY - ONE, FOR FIGURE SKATING - OTHER

Recommended ice temperatures for hockey are -4.5...-5.5 degrees. And for figure skating-5.5...-6.5 degrees. to obtain such values, the temperature of the plate should be two to three degrees lower (-6...-7 degrees). Accordingly, the coolant should be about -12...-15 degrees.

WATER PURIFICATION: ICE AESTHETICS AND ENERGY SAVINGS

All temperature conditions are given for ice mass prepared from water with a low mineral content. At their high concentrations, the ice temperature should be 1-1.5 degrees lower. Each extra degree of cooling of the ice layer costs approximately 10% of additional energy consumption.

This is why removing minerals from the liquid you drink is so important. It reduces energy consumption and also improves the aesthetics of the ice surface. It is recommended to use reverse osmosis installations for water purification.

REFRIGERATION UNIT. ACCORDING TO THERMAL CALCULATION

The refrigeration unit, which ensures freezing and maintaining a layer of ice on the surface of the technological slab, is selected according to a thermal calculation that takes into account many factors affecting both the upper surface and the multilayer base of the ice field. The refrigeration machine is located in the machine (compressor) shop.

Depending on the size of the ice field, the required cooling power can range from 150 to 1000 kW. High values ​​are necessary when cooling the concrete slab and forming an ice coating.

Once the ice cover is formed, the power required to maintain it drops sharply. Since refrigeration machines have maximum efficiency at rated power, it is advisable to build refrigeration stations using a modular principle.

There are various technical solutions for completing a refrigeration unit. The most popular is the placement of a compressor-evaporation unit (chiller) in a heated technical room and the arrangement of an open condenser area for air condensers.

CONTROL SYSTEM. TASK – MAINTAINING OPTIMUM ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE

A well-functioning control system not only ensures high quality ice and optimal operating conditions, but also minimizes energy consumption. One of the main tasks of the control system is to maintain the optimal temperature of the upper surface of the ice. Its measurement can be done in various ways.

To solve the problem, it is advisable to use a cascade control method, in which the ice temperature control loop affects the temperature of the concrete slab. This, in turn, affects how the chiller turns on and off.

Each degree of optimal ice temperature saved can save up to 10% energy. Therefore, field settings are needed when using it.

The rest of the time the ice temperature can be brought closer to the melting point. Then it is necessary to turn off the heated seats of the stands, infrared heaters, and turn on only the emergency lighting of the arena.

The best way to schedule the operation of all energy-intensive systems is to link the control system to the operating schedule ice arena generally. It is advisable to carry out such actions using web services technology, which is embedded in a system of freely adjustable controllers.

EACH SPORT HAS ITS OWN ARTIFICIAL ICE

The concept of “artificial ice” is not associated with the structure of the ice or with the presence of some additives in the water that make the ice unreal. On the contrary, water to obtain quality ice should be crystal clear and transparent. Artificial ice became due to the method of its production, the essence of which is that a layer of ice is created on a cold surface at a positive ambient temperature due to the production of artificial cold.

In addition, there are skating rinks with non-ice surfaces, which can also be called artificial ice. They are mainly used for children's skating. new materials used for their construction are assigned new names - silicone ice, synthetic ice, and the traditional concept of “artificial skating rink” is retained sports grounds with a coating of water ice.

Artificial ice is designed for sports such as ice hockey, bandy, speed skating, figure skating, curling, short skating. Moreover, each sport requires its own artificial ice - a certain geometric size, temperature, structure and strength.

However, as in any industry, there are standard solutions when designing skating rinks. To decide on one solution or another, it is necessary to distinguish two groups of conditions for sports facilities:

The first group corresponds open areas and training rinks with easily assembled enclosing structures. The second is large indoor sports complexes.

Outdoor artificial skating rinks are very promising structures from the point of view of their commercial use for public skating. The period of operation of an outdoor artificial skating rink can last up to eight months. The quality of ice in the open air depends on the intensity of precipitation and contamination of its surface. Another disadvantage of open arenas is the inability to provide comfortable air parameters for people in the ski area.

In general, an outdoor artificial skating rink is an improved natural platform with the ability to maintain ice at the required temperature during thaws, autumn and spring months.

Indoor artificial skating rinks are divided into two categories: training and demonstration. Requirements to indoor skating rinks much stricter than for open structures. The operating parameters of ice, air in the ice field area and in the grandstand area, and protection of the soil from freezing are regulated. Compliance with all requirements leads to complication of the refrigeration system, the design of the base of the ice field, and enclosing structures, which entails a significant increase in capital and operating costs.

In enclosed spaces, high quality ice surface is ensured all year round, while on open artificial grounds only from October to March.

Hockey rink sizes vary between the world's two largest leagues. And it’s significant. The domestic Continental Hockey League has its own parameters; in the National Hockey League, which unites teams from the USA and Canada, their own. What is the fundamental difference, how does it affect the game? Let's try to figure it out.

Hockey field

The size of hockey boxes in Russia and the USA is so different that it will catch the eye of anyone who follows hockey even a little.

Essentially, the hockey rink (or box) itself is a surface white ice, limited by special boards behind which there are substitute players, coaches and fans.

The types and sizes of hockey rinks have certainly changed with the development of this sport. If at the dawn of hockey the requirements for the size of hockey boxes and other parameters were very approximate, today the rules require strict adherence to the established standards. It is no longer possible to retreat from them.

Dimensions of a hockey rink in the KHL

The size of hockey boxes in the Kontinental Hockey League corresponds to the parameters adopted by the International Ice Hockey Federation. It is worth noting that there are no strict requirements - the size of the site may vary. But they must correspond to the minimum and maximum values ​​for the length and width of the playing field.

Thus, the International Ice Hockey Federation allows official matches to be held only on boxes that are no more than 61 meters in length and no more than 37 meters in width. At the same time, the minimum standard size hockey box- 56 meters long and 26 meters wide. In Europe, as well as in the Continental Hockey League, it is believed that these are the most optimal parameters for a spectacular, productive and vibrant game.

It is noteworthy that in the USA and Canada the size of hockey rinks is different. But the federation often makes concessions, trying to find a compromise. For example, in 2010, at the Olympic Games, which were held in Vancouver, Canada, it was decided to hold the games on venues with intermediate sizes. This made it possible to deprive some players of an unfair advantage over others and try to find average sizes that would suit everyone without exception.

NHL hockey rink size

In the National Hockey League, where teams from the USA and Canada compete, the parameters are completely different. They may not differ radically, but for professional athlete the difference will be felt. This could affect his game.

According to NHL rules, the maximum box dimensions are 200 x 85 feet. Translated into a metric system that is more understandable to us, it turns out that the length of the site should be slightly less than 61 meters, and the width slightly less than 26 meters. It turns out that the size of the Canadian hockey box is approximately 4 meters smaller than recommended by international rules.

What are the advantages of small hockey rinks?

It's no secret that the National Hockey League is considered one of the strongest in the world. This is where they perform best players and coaches, NHL games attract the largest viewing audiences around the world. Many hockey players, even in Europe and Russia, dream of playing overseas. Because it is in these competitions that a true professional hockey player will be able to fully demonstrate his talent. Accordingly, here high salaries and bonuses.

So why do the organizers of the National Championship hockey league decided to make the hockey rink as small as possible? The explanation is simple. It is believed that the smaller the size of the box, the more persistent the struggle for strength is, for which North American hockey is very valued. At the same time, the small size contributes to an increase in the number of shots on goal, and therefore the average performance of matches, and intense play at the hockey board.

But playing on more spacious grounds, according to experts, contributes to the development of combination play. The leadership of the International Ice Hockey Federation and the Kontinental Hockey League is in favor of this.

Other site parameters

In addition to the dimensions of the hockey rink according to GOST, there are many other parameters of the site. Some of them are the same in the NHL and KHL, others are different.

For example, the corners of the site must be rounded. In this case, the radius of the circle can vary from 7 to 8.5 meters. In this matter, there are practically no differences between European and North American hockey.

Same size and gate. Their width is one meter 83 centimeters, and their height is one meter 22 centimeters. This equates to 6 x 4 feet.

Much attention is paid to the ice surface. It must be as even and smooth as possible. Such that the puck slides without difficulty at maximum speed.

The height of the hockey boards, which enclose the entire perimeter of the site, is from 1 meter 17 to 1 meter 22 centimeters according to the rules of the international federation. In the NHL, the minimum and maximum parameters differ more. So, overseas the board can be only 102 centimeters high, or it can rise above the ice by one meter 22 centimeters. But at the same time, the optimal height for North American league games is one meter 7 centimeters.

It is precisely because of such low sides, which are installed at most sites overseas, that during execution power techniques a hockey player can go to the bench, which often happens. But in European and domestic hockey such cases are very rare. After all, the sides are significantly higher.

At the same time, transparent barrier shields are installed above the boards on the back side of the site in order to maximally protect the fans sitting behind the goal. After an inaccurate shot, the puck often travels at high speed and can seriously injure someone.

There is no such protection on the sides of the hockey rink. The probability of a puck hitting fans here is several times lower. Although unpleasant incidents still happen.

Hockey rink markings

Special markings are applied to the surface of the site. It includes 5 lines. Two of them are called goal lines.

There is a center line in the middle of the court. Two more blue lines divide the space between the goals into three equal zones. These are the attack, defense and neutral zones.

Along with modern machines laying asphalt, veterans work on the construction and reconstruction of roads in the post-Soviet space. The DU-84 roller can be classified as ageless equipment.

General information

The DU-84 soil vibrating roller performs work on compacting bases during laying, local, bulk repairs or restoration of road surfaces.

The weight of the DU-84 roller is 14 tons. The equipment serves roads from the first to the third category inclusive. It is used on construction sites, but what about for carrying out work at other auxiliary facilities.

The main working materials are:

1. Crushed stone.
2. Priming.
3. Mixtures made from bitumen and minerals (GOST 9128).

The DU-84 roller of vibration operating principle uses movable rollers. The operation of roller drives is based on the principle of minimal shift of working materials.

Movable rollers help heavy equipment successfully overcome inclines. The equipment has two vibration modes. They provide high-quality work with various bulk materials.

To increase efficiency and expand the capabilities of asphalt/paving equipment, the roller is equipped with a compaction control device, fuel (diesel) heating and other auxiliary equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive points include:

• use of 2 vibration modes, allowing you to expand the list of working materials;
• efficiency of compaction of working areas;
• high-level maneuverability is associated with the use of an articulated frame in the design;
• laying the working surface using the “trace-to-trace” technology;
• the roller works effectively in close proximity to buildings and curbs;
• I am glad that the rollers can be changed directly on the construction site, like other small parts;
• Thanks to the travel drive on both (2) rollers, the shift of the working (compacted) material is reduced, and the ability to independently overcome inclines is increased.

The disadvantages of the vibration combined “car” include the high cost of a new product and excessive consumption of diesel fuel.

The situation is no better with individual components and mechanisms that can only be restored in workshops. We are talking, first of all, about the hydraulic system and the power unit. They account for the lion's share of the load.

Technical characteristics of the DU 84 roller

The main criterion when choosing a particular technique is specifications. Let's take a closer look at them.

Asphalt/paving machine with one vibrating drum has the capacity to handle a variety of mixtures.

The pressure of the roller on asphalt is up to 3 thousand kg m 2 per working hour. For soil, productivity indicators are lower and are at the level of 1 thousand m 2 / hour. As mentioned earlier, the structural weight of the DU-84 roller is 14 thousand kg.

The front and rear modules are the same weight: 700 kg each. Transmission device of the DU-84 roller based on the hydraulic principle of operation. The parking brake is also hydraulic.

Statistical linear load on the front roller is within 35 thousand (N/m). The load on one wheel is 1750 kg. Highest score amplitudes: 40/0.8 (Hz).

In the lower part the amplitude is within 24/1.8 (Hz). Centrifugal force within 150/100 (kN).

Speed ​​indicators of the “road car”:

• Operating speed from 0 to 5.4 km per hour.
• Transport speed from 0 to 8 km/h.

The design provides a drive on both axes. Water tank capacity 400 liters. The hydraulic tank holds 162 liters.

“To maintain the hydraulic system of the DU-84 roller, it is recommended to use technical oil MGE-46V. Or its analogues: Tellus 46, Hyspin AWS 46.”

The equipment has a lateral stability angle: 15 0 (27%). Along the outer contour of the trail, the minimum turning radius is 7 m.

The machine is able to independently overcome a 30 0 slope. Based on materials: asphalt, soil, compaction depth is (4-10/15-70). Odds indicators (4-10/3-12).

Dimensions of the DU-84 roller

The width of one roller is 2 thousand mm. The strip compaction indicators are similar, still the same 2 thousand mm. The standard roller diameter is 1600 mm. Tire size 11.00-20 with a pneumatic wheel diameter of 1070 mm.

The roller comes out of the factory assembly line with 4 pneumatic wheels. 6 thousand mm are length indicators. Its width is within 2400 mm. Height including cabin 3 thousand mm.

The figures without the cabin are 2300 mm. The equipment has a good ground clearance of 350 mm, allowing it to work on the ground and other surfaces without any problems.

Engine Description

The special equipment is equipped with a water-cooled YaMZ 236 power unit with a capacity of 150 l/hp. Or D-260.1.386 with similar power ratings. The DU 84 roller consumes fuel (diesel) 24 liters per hour. The motor operates at 24 V.

Design features and device

Features of the technology include:

1. Travel drive for 2 rollers.
2. Using 2 vibration modes.
3. Modern comfortable operator's workplace.
4. Cabin heater allowing operation at negative t 0 .
5. Articulated frame.
6. Passage of rollers “track by track”.

The features of the equipment include (to some extent) additional equipment that expands the capabilities of the asphalt/paver, namely:

• a device that controls the degree of compaction of the working material;
• forced irrigation of rollers;
• clutch;
• diesel unit heater.

For uninterrupted operation, equipment must be serviced by specialists using special tools and in a designated area for work.

Service

Maintenance of such impressive size equipment is carried out in special workshops. The DU-84 roller has its own weak sides that need to be addressed Special attention.

This is the power unit and hydraulic system. When repairing or replacing worn-out parts, you must adhere to the manufacturer’s recommendations and use original components and parts.

Example of laying with a DU-84 roller

Conclusion

We will fight again! This is how one can characterize the work of a hard worker - the DU-84 roller. He cannot be written off, although modern asphalt/paving machines are hot on the heels of the veteran.

It will be used in asphalt laying for a long time due to its decent technical performance, versatile capabilities and simplicity of design.

SECTION 1 - SITE

It is prohibited to write on the ice, boards, protective glass, nets, goals or any other surface directly on or near the players' benches, penalty benches, in the area adjacent to the areas where the goal officials are located or in the areas where the officials are located in the crew, except in places where they are provided for by these rules or Appendix 1.

100 - Site determination

Ice hockey competitions are played on a white ice surface called a "hockey rink."

101 - Site dimensions

Maximum dimensions: 61 m in length and 30 m in width.

Minimum dimensions: 56 m in length and 26 m in width.

The corners of the site should be rounded by an arc of a circle with a radius of 7 before 8.5 m.

At competitions held by the IIHF, the area dimensions must be 60-61 m in length and 29-30 m in width.

a) The site must be surrounded by a wooden or plastic fence called a “Board”, which must be white.

b) The height of the sides must be at least 1.17 m and nothing more than 1.22 m above the ice surface level.

c) The boards must be constructed in such a way that the surface facing the ice is smooth and free of any imperfections that could cause injury to players.

Protective screens and devices used to secure them must be mounted on the opposite side of the playing surface.

d) The gap between side panels should be minimized to 3 mm.

103 - Impact strip

At the base of the sides there should be installed "BREAK BAR", yellow, tall 15-25 cm from the ice level.

104 - Doors

a) All doors giving access to the ice surface must open to the outside of the site.

b) The gap between the doors and the side should be minimized to 5 mm.

a) On the front sides of the platform, protective glass must be installed with a height of 160 cm before 200 cm and it should continue along the side boards towards the neutral zone on 4 m from the goal line. Protective glass with a height of at least 80 cm. must be installed on the side boards along the entire length of the court, with the exception of the space in front of the player benches.

b) The gap between glass panels of safety glass should be minimized to 5 mm.

c) Where the safety glass is broken, protective padding must be installed over the exposed edge of the glass as necessary to protect players from injury.

d) It is not permitted to make any holes in the protective glass.

106 - Grids in End Zones

Safety nets must be hung over the faceplates and protective glass in a manner that protects spectators from injury.

110 - Dividing and marking the ice surface

The ice surface must be divided along its length into parts by five lines marked on the ice and extending continuously across the ice surface and continuing vertically upward along the surface of the sides.

111 - Goal lines

Reds lines drawn at a distance 4 m from the front sides, width 5 cm are called: GATE LINES

112 - Blue lines

a) The ice surface between the two goal lines must be divided into three equal parts by lines of blue color, the width 30 cm which are called: BLUE LINES

b) These lines form three zones: the zone in which the goal of one of the teams defending this goal is located is called: PROTECTION ZONE

the central part is called: NEUTRAL ZONE

on the part of the ice surface furthest from the protected goal is called: ATTACK ZONE

113 - Central line

A red line with a width of 30 cm. This line is called CENTER LINE.

114 -Throw-in dots and circles

All dots and circles that are marked on the ice surface are intended to correctly position players during throw-ins by the referees, before the start of the game, before the start of each period and after each stoppage of the game.

Round blue dot with diameter 30 cm must be applied to the ice surface exactly in the center of the site.

From this point, as a center, a circle with a radius should be drawn 4.5 m blue line width 5 cm.

Two red dots, diameter 60 cm must be applied, in the neutral zone at a distance 1.5 m from each blue line.

117 - End face-off spots and circles

a) In each end zone, on both sides of each goal, the end zone and circles will be marked.

b) The throw-in dots must be red, with a diameter 60 cm.

c) Double “L” lines must be drawn on either side of each final faceoff spot.

d) Circles must be radius 4.5 m centered on the final throw-in points. They must be marked on the ice surface with a red line as wide as 5 cm.

Semicircle with radius 3m, must be marked on the ice with a red line wide 5 cm, directly in front of the place where the game secretary is located (See the picture on the opposite page). The part of the ice surface limited by this semicircle is called the "Referee's Area".

a) A red line with a width of 5 cm. The part of the ice surface bounded by this line is called GATE SQUARE.

b) The goal area must be painted light blue. The ice surface inside the goal must be white.

c) includes space, formed by marking the goal area on the ice and extending vertically upward to 1.27 m to the top edge of the goal crossbar.

d) The goal area is formed in the following way: draws a semicircle with a radius 180 cm and line width in 5 cm with the center point in the middle of the goal line. In addition to it, two letter-shaped signs are laid out on the ice "G" with the side 15 cm and a width of 5 cm in front of each corner of the gate. The location of the signs is defined as the intersection of an imaginary line parallel to the goal line at a distance 122 cm with a semicircle. At this point is the corner of the sign.

1. Goals with nets must be installed in such a way that they remain motionless during the game.

2. On Olympic Games, on men's and Women's Championships World Group A, World Championships Division 1, World Youth Championships U20, U18, use elastic gate latches Necessarily. It is highly recommended to use them in other competitions as well.

1. Each bench for players must have two doors on the sides for access to the ice, one of which must be in NEUTRAL ZONE.

2. Player benches must be protected from access by unauthorized persons other than the players and six team officials.

Violations of the above provisions must be reported to the appropriate authorities.

a) The goals must be placed on the goal lines in the center of the pitch.

b) The gate must be tall 1.22 m above the ice surface and width 1.83 m(inner dimensions). The side posts and the gate crossbar connecting the side posts must be of a specific design and made of material with an outer diameter 5 cm. The side posts and crossbar should be painted red.

c) The gate design must include a frame intended for fastening a net, the dimensions of which in depth should not exceed 1.12 m and no less 0.60 m. The frame must be painted white, with the exception of the outer surface of the supporting frame, which must be painted red.

d) A net must be attached to the back of the goal frame. The net must be attached in such a way as to trap the puck inside the goal.

e) The internal parts of the frame, except the side posts and crossbar, must be wrapped in white extinguishing padding. The damping padding attached to the base of the frame must begin at a distance of at least 10 cm from the gate posts.

140 - Player benches

a) Each court must be equipped with two identical benches intended to accommodate only uniformed players and officials of both teams.

b) Benches must be placed on the same side of the playing surface immediately along the field and opposite the penalty benches. The benches must be spaced well apart or otherwise separated from each other and located in close proximity to the players' dressing rooms.

c) Each bench must start at a distance 2m from the central red line. The minimum length of the bench should be 10m, and the minimum width is 1.5m.

d) Each bench must be designed to accommodate: 16 players and 6 team officials.

a) Each court must be equipped with two benches, called penalty benches.
They are designed to accommodate players who have been penalized. Each bench must be designed to accommodate at least: 5 players.

b) Benches must be placed on either side of the table where the panel judges are located and opposite the players' benches. The minimum length of these benches should be 4 m, and the minimum width is 1.5 m.

c) Access to the penalty benches shall be restricted to unauthorized persons, with the exception of penalized players and the referees for penalized players.

142- Seats for referees behind the goal

Booths, well protected from interference with the actions of goal officials, must be installed behind the boards and protective glass at each end of the court at the goal location.

143 - Seats for judges in the panel

Between the benches for penalty players, there must be a bench for judges in a panel length 5.5m, designed to accommodate 6 people.

150 - Signal and timing devices

Each court must be equipped with a siren or other suitable sound device for use by the game-time referee.

152 - Scoreboard

Each site must be equipped any model of electric watch(scoreboard), to provide spectators, players and referees with the necessary information.

The scoreboard should show:

- name of both teams

- playing time in each period, counted in minutes and seconds, from 0.00 to 20.00;

- penalty time, remaining to serve for at least two players of each team, counted from the total minutes to 0;

- check;

- timeout time, counting from 30 seconds to 0;

- break time, counting from 15 minutes to 0.

153 - Red and green lanterns

The following lights must be installed behind each gate:

- Red Lantern must be switched on by the goal judge when a goal is scored.

- Green Lantern will be switched on automatically by the electric clock when the time is stopped by the game time referee and at the end of each period.

1. Red Lantern must be connected to the timing device in such a way that at the end of the period it would be impossible for the goalkeeper to light it.

2. At the end of the period, the fact that the goal judge is not able to turn on the red light does not necessarily mean that a goal has not been scored. The determining factor in this case is whether or not the puck was completely over the goal line or in the goal before the period ended.

3. The purpose of the green lantern is to enable the Referee and Linesmen to keep it and the goal in sight at the same time and know exactly when the period ends.

No one, with the exception of responsible officials of the hockey association, is allowed to enter the referees' locker room during or immediately after the end of the game. In case of violation of this rule:

This case must be reported to the appropriate authorities.

Each team must be provided with a suitable room of sufficient size to accommodate 25 people (team officials and players), their equipment, equipped with benches, toilet and shower.

161 - Locker room for the Chief and Linesmen

A separate locker room with chairs or benches, equipped with a toilet and shower, must be provided exclusively at the disposal of the Referee and Linesmen.

170 - Site lighting

All courts must be sufficiently well lit so that players, referees and spectators can easily follow the game at all times.

1. If, in the opinion of the Chief Referee, the lighting is insufficient to continue the game, he has the right to delay the continuation of the game or take a break until the necessary improvement of the lighting.

2. If one team is disadvantaged largely due to poor lighting and, in the opinion of the Referee, the game should not be abandoned, then he has the right to rotate the teams so that each team plays the same amount of time on each side of the court .

In indoor skating rinks, smoking must be prohibited on the playing surface, spectator areas, locker rooms and in all areas where players are located.

172 - Music in the arena

a) Music must not be played during the game or during timeouts.

b) The use of air sirens and whistles on skating rinks is prohibited.

Music may be played during pre-game warm-ups and during play stoppages.

Attention! When using site materials, a link to the site or a hyperlink for Internet resources is required.

Hockey, figure skating, going to the skating rink with friends or sprinting? If the goal is known, you can start selecting skates!

Purpose

Recreational skates are skates with straight blades, minimal or no teeth, and an insulated boot. They are fixed on the leg using laces or plastic fastenings. They differ mainly in appearance, but the main guideline when choosing should be comfort. Recreational skates are designed for beginners, so their design provides stability and tight ankle support.

Figure skating skates have a number of features that distinguish them from other skates. To perform complex figure skating elements, the skid and the lower side surface of the blade must be hard, and the rest must be softer. The figure skate boot is made of leather and fits the athlete's foot tightly, and the blade is hardened, which helps to achieve better gliding. The blades themselves, as a rule, are removable, which allows you to replace only this part of the structure with a new one, since the leather boot wears out much less.

Ensure the player's safety and explosive speed- the main tasks of hockey skates, so manufacturers pay special attention to the quality of the boot and blades. The stiffer the boot, the higher the level of ankle fixation, which means the risk of injury is lower. The boots are made of nylon using a thermoforming method, which allows it to be adjusted to the anatomical features of the foot. Plastic ankle inserts and anatomical ankle support are designed for greater comfort for the player while standing. for a long time on ice. Stainless steel grommets on lacing sockets, called eyelets, are found on both expensive models and budget options. This small element is responsible for strong and reliable lacing.

Blades hockey skates are made of alloy, stainless, carbon or high carbon steel. Thanks to the addition of chromium, nickel and manganese, alloy steel is resistant to corrosion and has high strength. Stainless steel is not as hard, but also does not corrode. Carbon steel contains carbon, which is responsible for the hardness of the blade, and high-carbon steel has a higher carbon content, which gives the steel the highest degree of hardness. The frequency of sharpening skates depends on the hardness of the material - the harder it is, the less frequently the blade needs to be sharpened. Hockey skates with a high blade rarely dull and sharpen the push angle, which allows you to increase the sharpness of the turn and the efficiency of the push.

Sprint skates were created for speed skating. Their the main task- quickly gain and maintain speed; for this purpose, the boot in these skates is lower and the blade is elongated. To protect your feet from hypothermia and moisture and preserve high level comfort during the race, synthetic fabric is used as interior decoration, which has high thermal insulation and wear-resistant qualities, less often - natural fabric or genuine leather. Faux fur is more decorative in nature, serving as a trim for recreational skates.