Relay running technique and competition rules. Relay running: technique, tactics, training. Introduction to relay running techniques

One of final stages track and field competition is a relay race. This exciting spectacle gathers hundreds of excited fans in the stands, and coaching staff experiences a lot of exciting emotions. Relay racing has a long history. In addition, this competition has a number of rules, stages and features.

The first relay race competitions were held back in the 19th century.. Having earned enormous interest from spectators and becoming massively popular, this sport was soon included in the program of the 1908 Olympic Games. Then the so-called exotic type of relay race - the Swedish style of running - became widely known.

It involved runners covering a distance at irregular intervals: 100-200-400-800 m. As a rule, people who mastered a wide range of running disciplines took part in the competition, ranging from ultra-short to medium.
Later sprint distances began to gain great popularity and gain widespread sympathy among visiting guests.

The discipline with parameters 4*100 m became the most popular in those days, and soon took first place in the Olympiad program. Then a long sprint competition was added to this distance - 4*400 m, and the exotic Swedish relay lost its status and left the Olympic competition program.

Rules for relay competitions.

The rules for relay running are very similar to the rules for smooth sprinting. Key moment in this sport - passing the stick.

It must be awarded within a special 20 m long corridor for the 4*100 m relay.

Rules

• At the beginning of the corridor, the athlete begins to accelerate, but already at the exit he must have the coveted pass in his hands. If an athlete receives outside the corridor, such an action is not counted.
• As they move along the corridor, athletes must not interfere with other competitors. Moreover, if the process of handing over the baton is disrupted, for example as a result of it falling, then the participants do not bear any responsibility for this.

Although losing a stick is a gross violation of the rules, some athletes still pick it up. According to statistics, judges more often do not count the victory of such participants. But in sports competitions such a maneuver is not prohibited.

Types and distances

To the programs of the largest athletics competitions: the Olympic Games, world championships and continental championships, Two main types of relay distances are included:

1. 4*100 m.
2. 4*400 m.

Due to the busy schedule and incredible fatigue of the runners, other types of relay distances are excluded from the mandatory program.

But worldwide the athletics federation recorded records in the disciplines 4*200 m, 4*800 m and 4*1500 m.

Professional athletes in hurdles they overcome the 4*110 m relay race with hurdles, but this competitive event is not so popular among professionals and is used only in the program of large tournaments.
Today, mixed relay races are gaining the most popularity. In this discipline, both men and women compete simultaneously.

reference Information! The popularity of this type has affected the rows and athletics, where mixed relay races 4*100 m and 4*400 m began to be held more and more often.

Stages

There are four stages of the relay race:

1. Starting. The athlete starts from a low start. At the same time, he holds a baton in his right hand, squeezing its end with two or three fingers. Index and thumb rest against the ground of the outlined starting line.
2. Basic. The difficulty of this stage lies in strict adherence to the rules for passing the baton within the designated corridor to maximum speed of your run.
3. Transmission. In the third stage, the athlete must take over the baton with his right hand and run as close as possible to the right edge of the track.
4. Final. The runner must run along the outside of the marked path and take the baton with his left hand.

Peculiarities

Relay race very popular in athletics and attractive for its dynamism , therefore, it is customary to postpone it until the last days of the competition. The prestige of this competitive relay race also lies in the fact that in the end a team of the strongest runners in a given distance is identified.

The peculiarities of relay running are that trainers allow their players a convenient option for the baton passing technique.

The athlete has the right, at his own discretion, to choose a serve from the hand that is more acceptable to him in this moment.

In this case, the wand may remain in the hand in which it was passed. But this is convenient, as a rule, for short running distances, and is explained by the loss of time when changing receiving and serving hands.

Important! Start of acceleration - important point in this sport. The athlete needs to clearly work out the technique of starting his run in order to achieve the highest results and score the maximum number of jury points.

The speed of passing the baton is also a very important process that requires enormous skills. In order for the relay transfer to take place without failure, it is necessary to maintain the same speed limit for the passing runners, especially this speed should be equal in the corridor.
Coaches must always adhere to the following points:

• for competitions, select the strongest and most resilient athletes in this type of distance;
• organize clear coordination of all participants;
• develop athletes’ ideal baton passing technique;
• instill team spirit in all participants;
• monitor everyone’s well-being and take the necessary measures to improve the runner’s health.

Errors and their elimination

While running Receiving and transmitting athletes have a number of errors that need to be eliminated:

Attention! Thanks to these skills, the correctness of maneuvers is recorded quite firmly in memory, and the athlete shows impeccable results. It is these runners who achieve success and take first places in competitions.

For athletes, relay running is in some cases the decisive sport in their future career. This is due to the fact that the clarity of maneuvering in this type of variety and the impeccable execution of the rules makes them excellent professionals in their field in the eyes of the judges.

To achieve the highest results, runners train hard. This sport brings a lot of positive emotions to spectators and is remembered for a long time.

History of relay racing

Relay race- a name borrowed from the Italian language, where the word “ staffa" means "stirrup". It is easy to understand that in former times, in order to in a fast way To deliver reports, the messengers had to change horses, jumping from “stirrup to stirrup” - this made it possible to maintain maximum speed of movement.

Relay race How athletics competition began to be cultivated in the 19th century. For the first time, relay racing was included in the program of the Games of the IV Olympiad (London, 1908). At these competitions, the relay race included various distances - 200+200+400+800 m. At the next Olympic Games(Stockholm, 1912) athletes competed for medals in two classic relay races - 4x100 and 4x400 m. The winners were, respectively, the teams of Great Britain (42.4 s) and the USA (3.16.6 s). Subsequently, gold medals in the relay race at the Olympic Games were usually won by American athletes. Soviet runners also performed successfully in the relay. At the 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1972 Olympic Games. they were silver medalists in the 4x100 m relay, at the Moscow Olympics (1980) - winners in both relays, and in Seoul (1988) they became champions in the 4 x 100 m relay. IN last years traditions have been lost, and our athletes do not achieve significant victories.

The 4x100m relay for women was first held at the Olympic Games in 1928, and 4x400m began to be included in the programs of major competitions in 1969. Our runners in the 4x100m relay have repeatedly become prize-winners of the World Championships and Olympic Games. In 1993, the Russian national team took first place at the World Championships in Stuttgart (Germany), and at the Olympic Games in Beijing (2008) our girls sensationally won gold medals (42.31 s).

Our athletes perform even more successfully in the 4x400 m relay, which was first held at the 1972 Olympic Games. Soviet athletes won in this relay distance at the 1980 and 1988 Games. and the 1991 World Championships, and Russian runners won the 1999 and 2005 World Championships. The world record set by our athletes at this distance (3:15.17 s, Seoul) remains unsurpassed for more than 25 years.

At the Olympic Games in London (2012), a team of runners from Jamaica won the men's 4x100 m relay with a new world record (36.84 s). The United States was first in the men's and women's 4x400m relays. Our women's team became second, and the men's - fifth.

Relay running technique

Relay running technique: A - holding the relay baton at the start; B - starting positions of the runners taking the relay; B - moment of handing over the baton; D - passing the baton: 1) receiving the relay “from top to bottom”; 2) taking the relay “bottom-up”

Relay race is in a commanding manner, in which each participant runs the stage allotted to him, and the result and place of the team are determined by the time shown by all participants. In relay racing, victory in the competition depends on the ability of each team member to combine high running speed and passing the baton with the least amount of time. Classic relay races - 4x100m and 4x 400m - are held on a track for both men and women. At these distances they are played olympic medals and world records are recorded. Along with the relay race along the stadium track, relay competitions are held along the city streets with stages of different lengths.

The most difficult technique is passing the baton in the 4x100 m relay race, where athletes run along their lanes at maximum speed. Since all team members, except the first, begin running their stages on the move, and the distance between the runners during the transfer is 1-1.3 m (due to the length of the back hand of the runner receiving the stick, and the length of the outstretched hand of the hand passing it forward) , then the team’s result is better than the sum of the personal results of the team members in the 100 m race from the start. The greater this difference, the higher the transfer technique. Passing the baton when running other distances is not difficult, because accepted at low speed or even from a standstill.

A 20-meter zone (handover zone) is established for the handover of the relay. The person taking the relay has the right to start the run-up 10 m before the start of this zone (acceleration zone), which allows him to achieve a higher speed. There are two options for carrying a stick: a) with shifting- in this case, participants at all stages pass a stick from right hand to the left, and while running at the stage they immediately transfer it from one hand to the other; b) without shifting- when the runner carries and passes the baton with the hand in which he received the baton. The following method of carrying a baton is considered the most perfect and effective in the 4 x 100 m relay race: the athlete running in the first stage holds the baton in his right hand and passes it to the second runner in his left hand; the second runner passes to the third from left to right, and, finally, the third to the fourth again from right to left. Thus, on a bend (stages 1 and 3), it is more advisable for the athlete to run closer to the inside and carry the stick in his right hand, and on a straight line (stages 2 and 4) to hold the stick in his left hand and, when running in the transfer zone, stick to the outer edge of the track, to give space to the passer running closer to the edge.

Regardless of the option of carrying the baton, there are two ways to pass the baton: a) “top-down”, when the surface of the receiver’s palm is directed upward; b) “bottom-up”, when the index finger of the receiving hand is directed downward. The first method is faster, but less reliable. It allows you to immediately grab the stick by the edge and not move it while running, but it is easy to lose the stick during the transfer process. The second method of transfer allows you to reliably grab the stick by the middle, but towards the end of the stage it becomes necessary to move the stick a little forward with your fingers for a better subsequent transfer.

Thus, in training novice athletes, where the factors of simplicity and reliability of passing the baton are most important, the “bottom-up” passing method should be practiced. In addition, this passing technique is more natural, since the upward movement of the hand does not disturb the running rhythm.

In order to pass the baton in the transfer zone at maximum speed, it is important to accurately, during training, calculate the moment the receiver begins to run, i.e. find the distance (handicap) to which the receiver will allow the transmitter to approach him before he begins the starting acceleration. This distance is selected for each pair of runners of adjacent stages through repeated runs and, depending on the ratio of the speed of the receiver and the sender, can be from 6 to 11 m, for which a clearly visible control mark is made on the track.

The participant of the first stage starts running from a low start and holds the stick in his right hand, squeezing it with two or three fingers. Runners of the remaining stages stand at the beginning of the acceleration zone in a high start position with support on their hand, while their head and torso turn to the side so that the control mark for the start of the run is clearly visible.

When the person passing the baton steps on the control mark, the receiver immediately begins the starting acceleration on the corresponding side of his track, trying to develop the highest possible speed. The distance to the mark should be such that the transmitter can catch up with the receiver exactly at the place of the intended transfer of the stick, 3-4 m before the end of the transfer zone. As soon as the runner approaches the receiver at arm's length, he gives the command: “Hop!” At this command, the receiver, without looking back, without slowing down or breaking the rhythm of running, quickly extends his hand back with an open palm and abducted towards the thigh thumb. The transmitter must, upon seeing his partner’s outstretched hand and taking a running step, try to accurately place the baton in his palm. In addition, the athlete, having passed the baton, must continue to run along his lane and, according to the rules of the competition, leave it only when all teams have completed passing the baton.

A mistake that is often made by the receiver is searching for the stick with his hand. At the transmitter’s command, you should extend your hand back and hold it clearly, without any movements.

Coherence in passing the baton at maximum speed plays a decisive role in achieving high athletic results in relay races. Therefore, with targeted training of sprinters in this discipline athletics the most important place is given to improvement techniques in a limited transmission area, ensuring reliable performances.

With an ideal pass, the relay participants run in step at the same speed, without disturbing the rhythm of arm movements, i.e. without taking a single step with with outstretched arm. When passing, the receiver must clearly fix his hand behind the body, and the transmitter must accurately place the baton in the open palm of the receiver.

For determining technical skill athletes, both when performing individual passes and in relay running as a whole, there is an evaluation criterion inherent only to this type of running program. Most experts agree on two ways to assess technical proficiency.

First way characterized by the fact that the result shown in the 4x100 m race is subtracted from the sum of the 100 m running time of all participants in the relay team at these competitions. Most experts agree that when effective technology transfer, the result in the relay race can be 2.50-2.70 s better than the sum of the results in the 100 m race shown by each of the relay participants.

Second way Assessment of technical skill in relay racing involves taking into account the time the baton is in the 20-meter zone, which shows the effectiveness of the interaction of runners during the transfer. The criterion for a high score here is the time when the baton was from the beginning of its “entry” with the runner passing the baton to the “exit” with the receiver, equal to 1.80-1.90 s for men and 1.90-2.00 s for women.

It is known that in the 30-meter run-up and handover zone of the relay, not a single runner can reach his maximum speed. It is achieved at longer distances - 40-50 and even 60-70 m. In addition, the speed of the runner passing the baton noticeably decreases towards the end of the distance. And this speed ratio should be primarily taken into account when selecting a pair of athletes at adjacent stages. In addition, taking into account the run-up (10 m) and transfer zones (20 m), athletes run a maximum of 110 m in the first stage, 130 in the second and third, and 120 m in the fourth. Therefore, when arranging the relay team participants in stages, it is necessary to take into account their individual features (motor reaction time, ability for maximum acceleration, level of maximum speed, special endurance, ability to run around a turn, etc.).

The sequence of solving problems when teaching relay running techniques and their methodological orientation

Task 1. To introduce relay running and create an understanding among those involved in the technique of passing the relay

Task 2. Teach the technique of passing and receiving the baton on the spot and at low speed

Task 3. Teach the starting technique to the runner taking the baton

Task 4. Teach passing the baton at maximum speed

Task 5. Teach relay running technique in general

Technical requirements for performing athletics events (propulsion systems)

Be able to correctly hold and pass (from below and from above) the baton in place and in motion.

1. Be able to perform a one-handed start and starting acceleration when entering a turn and entering a straight line.
2. Be able to pass the baton in the last third of the 20-meter zone accurately and consistently at maximum running speed (without turning your head at the moment of passing).
3. Be able to determine the control mark, and the receiver to begin running the moment the sender reaches the control mark. The baton must be passed on without loss of speed.

Exercises for independent mastery of rational technique

1. Standing at a distance of 1.5 m from each other (the right hand of the transmitter is opposite the left hand of the receiver), passing the baton from below and from above without a command.
2. The same, but the movement of the arms is like when running. The baton is passed at the command of the athlete standing behind from the right hand to the left, then from the left to the right. The pace gradually increases.
3. Passing and receiving the baton while walking and running slowly. Pay attention to moving in step and maintaining distance between athletes.
4. Starting from a position with support on one hand on a straight line, the same before entering the straight line and entering a turn. Starts at the moment the transmitter reaches the control mark.
5. Passing and receiving the relay baton while running at maximum speed, the same in the passing zone. After receiving the relay, the recipient runs at least 30-40 m at full strength.
6. Clarification of the distance from the beginning of the transfer zone to the control mark when running in “bundles” in pairs at various speeds.
7. Passing and receiving the baton at one of the stages of the relay race according to all the rules at maximum speed. The same at the other stages.

Typical mistakes that occur when teaching athletics exercises and how to correct them

The relay race is very popular among spectators. In athletics, the following types of relay running are distinguished:

relay race held at the stadium. These include: 4x100 m, 4x400 m - these are classic types;

relay races at any distance and with any number of stages, as well as “Swedish” relay races, for example: 800 + 400 + 200 + 100 (or in reverse order);

relay races held outside the stadium, for example on city streets. They differ different lengths and the number of stages, participants (only men can run, or mixed, where both men and women run).

Rational technology, special training method, sistopic of athlete selection and psychological preparation- all of these are the main criteria for creating a good relay team. The distance running technique in relay races does not differ from the running technique of the corresponding events. A special feature of the relay running technique is the technique of passing the baton at high speed in accordance with the type of relay.

The most important factors in the performance of a relay team are:

indicators of individual results of athletes at relevant distances;

reliability of passing the baton;

coordination of team partners' actions;

integrity of a single team.

In accordance with the competition rules in the relay race, the baton must be passed in a corridor 20 m long. In the 4x 100 m relay, runners of stages II, III and IV are given an additional run-up from the beginning of the corridor within 10 m, which allows them to gain a higher speed to the place where the relay is transferred sticks.

Taking into account the run-up zones and the passing of the baton, athletes run 10 m at the first stage, 130 m at the second stage, 130 m at the third stage, and 120 m at the fourth stage. Therefore, when arranging team members in stages, it is necessary to take into account their individual characteristics.

In the 4 x 400m relay and all other relay races there is no additional run-up and competitors must start within a 20m corridor. The running speed in these relay races is lower and therefore no additional run-up is given.

Relay running can be carried out: 1) without changing the baton; 2) with changing the baton. Usually the first method is used in short relay races, where the transfer occurs at high speeds, the second method is used in all other relay races.

To ensure effective passing, it is important for runners to have sense of space, so that when accepting the relay baton, the starting run begins accurately and in a timely manner (at the moment the transmitter crosses the control mark), and also feeling of speed

The criterion for the effectiveness of the baton passing technique is the time it spends in the corridor. For high-class sprinters, this figure averages 1.80-1.90 s for men and 2.05 - 2.15 s for women. Athletes reach their highest running speed at the 15th - 16th meter of the transmission zone. With an irrational technique for passing the baton, the time loss during the stage averages 0.1-0.3 s.

Let's consider the technique of the 4 x 100 m relay race. At the first stage, the runner starts from a low start in a turn, as at the start of 200 m. The relay baton is held with three fingers of the right hand, and the index and thumb are straightened and rest against the track at the starting line (Fig. 34). In order for a stage I runner to run at the edge of the track, he must always hold the baton in his right hand and pass it to his partner in his left hand. Running along the distance is carried out at maximum speed. The difficulty lies in passing the baton in a limited area at high speed.

There are two ways to pass the baton: from bottom to top and from top to bottom. In the first method, the runner receiving the baton moves the hand (opposite to the hand of the passing runner) back slightly to the side, the thumb is moved towards the plane of the palm, four fingers are closed, the palm faces straight back. The passing runner places the baton in an upward motion between the thumb and palm. Feeling the touch of the baton, the receiving runner grabs it, squeezing his hand (Fig. 35).

In the second method, the hand is also moved back slightly to the side, but the plane of the palm faces upward. The passing runner places the baton in a top-down motion, lowering it onto the palm of his hand. When the stick touches the palm, the receiving runner grabs it, squeezing the hand (Fig. 36).

When the runner passing the baton reaches the control mark, the receiving runner begins the starting acceleration. Running into the relay handover zone, both runners come closer, the first catches up with the second, the handover runner must give a brief voice command in 2 running steps so that the receiving runner straightens and moves his arm back to hand over the relay. After you-

After completing the transfer, the runner who has accepted the baton runs quickly along his stage, and the runner who passed the baton, gradually slowing down his run, stops, but does not go beyond the lateral boundaries of his lane. Only after passing through the passing zone by other teams does he leave the track.

The runner of stage II carries the baton in his left hand and will transfer to the runner of stage III in his right hand. At stage III, the runner runs along the bend as close to the edge as possible and passes the baton at stage IV from the right hand to the left hand. The baton is passed on using the methods described above.

In the passing zone, runners must run without interfering with each other, i.e. along the edges of the treadmill depending on the hand performing the transmission (Fig. 37).

With a rational technique for passing the baton, the runner receiving the baton must run and receive the baton without looking back, maintaining high speed. Typically, the runner taking the relay starts either from a high start or from a low start with support on one hand. With a high start, the runner turns his head a little back to see the control mark and the runner running up to it. When starting with support on one ARM, the runner looks back over the shoulder of the non-supporting arm, or, with his head down, looks back under the non-supporting arm (Fig. 38).

A very important element of technique at the moment of transfer is running in the same rhythm, i.e. you have to run in step. It is also important to find the optimal “head start” for starting a run, that is, start running with such a “handicap” length when the speed of the transmitter and the receiver coincide in the middle of the transmission zone.

In other types of relay races, but with a speed of passing the baton less than the maximum, the same methods of transmission are used, but the runner who has accepted the baton can transfer it to a convenient hand when running the distance. The lower the speed of the transmission, the worse the athlete’s preparation. The main task when passing the baton is to pass it on as quickly as possible without wasting time on the handover itself.

The distance between the runners at the moment of passing is equal to the length of the backward arm of the runner receiving the baton, and the length of the straightened forward arm of the runner passing the baton. This distance can be increased slightly by leaning forward when passing the passing runner (Fig. 39). Such a distance can only be maintained with a rational technique for passing the baton at an appropriate running speed. If the distance decreases, then the receiving runner may be overtaken by the passing one, and vice versa, if the distance between the runners increases, the pass may not take place or will be performed outside the corridor.

3. The center line of the first pass zone in the 4 x 400m relay (or the second pass zone in the 4 x 200m relay) must correspond to the starting line in the 800m race.

11. Control marks. If the entire relay or its first leg is held in separate lanes, the athlete may make one control mark on his lane using self-adhesive tape measuring no more than 5 cm x 40 cm, which cannot be confused in color with other permanent markings. No other reference mark may be used.

12. A baton is a solid, smooth, hollow tube, round in cross-section, made of wood, metal or other hard material. The length of the stick must be in the range of 28 - 30 cm. Its weight must be at least 50 g, and its circumference must be 12 - 13 cm. It must be painted in such a color that it can be easily seen during the competition.

13. The baton must be held in your hand throughout the competition. Athletes are not permitted to wear gloves or apply a substance to their hands to improve their grip on the baton.

If it falls, then the athlete who dropped the stick must pick it up. He may leave the track to pick it up, provided he does not shorten the distance. If this procedure is performed correctly and no injury is caused to the other team's athlete, dropping the baton will not result in disqualification.

14. In all types of relay races, the baton must be passed only in a special area. The transfer of the baton begins only from the moment when the receiving runner first touches it, and ends when it is in the hand of the receiving runner only. With regard to the passing zone, only the position of the baton is decisive, and not the position of the athletes’ bodies. Passing the baton outside the zone will result in disqualification.

15. Athletes, before receiving and/or after passing the baton, must remain in their lanes or areas until the lane is clear, so as not to disturb other participants. Rules 163.3 and 163.4 do not apply to these athletes. If an athlete deliberately interferes with a member of another team by taking someone else's lane at the finish line of their leg, their team will be disqualified.

16. Providing assistance by pushing or other similar methods will result in disqualification.

17. Any four athletes from those entered for the competition (for the relay or any other event) can be part of the relay team in any round of the competition. However, if a relay team has started a competition, only two athletes are allowed to be substituted. If a team does not comply with this rule, it must be disqualified.

18. The composition of the team and the running order of the relay must be officially announced no later than one hour before the published time of the first call for the first race in each round of the competition. Further changes can only be made for medical reasons (certified by a medical officer appointed by the Organizing Committee) only before the last call for a particular race in which the team is participating. If a team does not comply with this rule, it must be disqualified.

ST. PETERSBURG STATE BUDGET
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR ADDITIONAL CHILDREN'S EDUCATION
CHILDREN AND YOUTH SPORTS SCHOOL
PETRODVORTSOVOY DISTRICT OF ST. PETERSBURG "MANEZH"

methodological development on the topic:

“METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING RELAY RUN TECHNIQUES”

Developed methodological development
athletics coach
St. Petersburg State Budgetary Educational Institution Children's and Youth Sports School "Manege"
ODINOKOVA ANNA OLEGOVNA

Saint Petersburg
2017

Introduction

Relay running is a team athletics event and has many variations. Success in a relay race depends on many factors, but one of the main ones is the ability to pass and receive the baton at high speed in a limited passing zone.

Relay race– a competition program in certain sports, where the athlete performs only at his stage and hands over the relay in the handover zone to a representative of his team.

The technique of distance running in relay races is no different from ordinary straight and curved running. It is advisable to begin teaching relay running techniques after the running technique has been mastered. short distances, the ability to perform high and low starts on turns has been developed.

Relay running technique training is carried out in a certain sequence, according to the assigned tasks.

Methods of teaching relay running technique

Task 1. Familiarize yourself with the relay running technique.

Creating an idea of ​​the technique of passing the baton begins with a story about the types of relay running, an explanation and demonstration of the technique of passing the baton using the “bottom” and “top” methods in a 20-meter zone at high speed. Then it is necessary to explain the basic rules for conducting a relay race and the importance of accuracy and coordination of movements in passing the relay to achieve high results.

Task 2. Teach the technique of passing the baton. Training in passing the baton is carried out in pairs - first on the spot, then walking and running at low speed outside the passing zone. For this purpose, trainees are lined up in two open lines at a distance of 1-2 m from each other, with ledges to the right or left, depending on which hand is passing the baton. At the command of the teacher, the receivers standing in the first line move their straightened left (right) arm back, and the transmitters standing in the second line, with a short pause after the command, pass the baton (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Passing the baton in ranks on the spot

Then the students turn around and make the transfer, exchanging roles. When passing from the left hand to the right is practiced (and such an exercise is necessary for the 4 x 100 m sprint relay), those in the passing line shift half a step to the right side.

After the students have mastered these movements, the baton is passed on, simulating hand work in running: the receiver, at the command of the teacher, withdraws his hand with a good fixation of the hand to receive the baton, and the transmitter, with a pause, after the receiver is ready, puts the relay baton into it on command (Fig. 2) .

Rice. 2. Passing the baton while running

At the beginning of all exercises, the teacher gives the command, and later passes the baton. At this stage of training, it is necessary to ensure that those receiving the baton do not turn their heads at the moment of passing the baton, control the position of the hand and the progress of the pass, do not run with the hand pulled back, and those passing the baton should not rush, pause, and do not extend their hand with the baton to the command or simultaneously with it.

If these errors occur, they should be pointed out and explained how to correctly perform any element of the transfer technique.

Task 3. Teach starting techniques during relay running stages.

To master the starting technique, it is necessary to teach students to take a start from a position with support on one hand on a straight line, then on a turn before entering the straight line, and on a straight line when entering the turn (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Starting positions of the runner receiving the baton

The starter bets left leg forward and leans his right hand on the path, left hand pulled up and back. With his head down, the runner watches the passing partner approach the control mark.

It is necessary to ensure that the receiver runs on the outside line of the track in the 2nd and 4th stages and on the inside in the 3rd stage.

When teaching a low start with a relay baton, it is advisable to repeat the starting technique on a turn, and then begin to master the motor action.

The starter holds the stick with his little finger and ring finger at the lower end. The hand must be placed at the starting line, resting on the track with the thumb on one side, the index and middle fingers on the other. After the hand leaves the track, the baton must be held with all fingers.

When students have mastered the technique of starting at stages and running along given paths, then they can move on to learning to start by observing a partner and using a control mark.

For each pair of athletes, the control mark is selected individually, taking into account the speed that the transmitter may have at the end of the distance, as well as the ability of the recipient to start quickly. This distance corresponds to 8-11 m and is selected through repeated runs.

To determine the size of the handicap, you can use Table 4 (according to L.S. Khomenkov), which takes into account the results of athletes at 26 m from the start and at 25 m from the run. An approximate plan for teaching relay running technique is shown in Table 5.

Table 4
Calculation of the distance to the control mark (according to L. S. Khomenkov)

Table 5
Sample plan for teaching relay running technique

As you master the movements and perform them correctly, you should gradually increase your running speed to maximum.

Task 4. Teach the technique of passing the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone.

The main means for solving this problem will be to run repeatedly in the zone, passing the baton at a gradually increasing speed.

The distance to the control mark is clarified during these runs, the transfer is performed both on the straight line and at the entrance and exit from the bend. The relay is passed in the second half of the transfer zone at maximum speed in compliance with the competition rules.

In other types of relay racing, passing the baton is easier, since the running speed of the participants is lower. The person taking the baton must measure his running speed with the speed of his partner in the last 10 m of the distance; the beginning of taking up the baton depends on this. If the speed of the transmitter is low and continues to decrease, then it is advisable to take the baton at the beginning of the transmission zone, and if the transmitter maintains an optimal running speed, then the reception takes place in the second half of the transmission zone.

Task 5. Teaching relay running technique in general and improving it.

Coherence in passing the baton at maximum speed plays a decisive role in achieving a high result of the relay team.

With excellent baton passing technique, the final result can be 2.5-3 s higher than the sum of the best results of all team members in the 100 m race. When compiling a relay team 4? The 100 m requires the following features to be taken into account: in the first and fourth stages, runners run 110 m each, and in the second and third stages, runners run 120 m each.

Therefore, at the first stage you should put a runner who has a good command of the low start technique and knows how to run quickly around the turn.

At the second stage there should be a runner with high level special endurance and good technique for receiving and passing the baton.

The participant of the third stage, in addition to the mentioned qualities, must run well around the turn.

At the fourth stage it is advisable to place a runner who is fast, emotional and has best result in the 100m running.

When improving relay running technique, it is important to frequently run the entire relay distance with maximum intensity, since only with this holistic action can familiarity of movements and accurate calculation of control marks be achieved.

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