Report on the topic "Fair play". What is fair play What is fair play

What is UEFA Financial Fair Play and how to bypass it

UEFA rules are not as scary as they are made out to be.

One of the reasons for the creation of the United League of Russia and Ukraine was the new rules of financial fair play of UEFA. Like, Russian clubs in the current format of the championship they will not be able to comply with these rules. To refresh your memory, SOVSPORT .RU pulls out a text from the archives of the Sovetskysport newspaper about how “financial fair play” works and how easily it can be circumvented. After reading this text dated September 26, 2012, you will be convinced that the UEFA rules are not as scary as they are made out to be.

Since last year, UEFA introduced financial fair play rules. UEFA President Michel Platini threatened clubs living beyond their means with harsh sanctions. Up to exclusion from European competitions. But Soviet Sport, having studied the events in the European football financial market, realized: the devil is not as terrible as he is painted. And he compiled a guide for Russian clubs on how to continue to show off without causing the wrath of European officials.

WHAT ARE THE FFP RULES?

1) If the club has a wealthy owner, he is allowed to cover losses of no more than 45 million from his own funds. This option, however, will only be available in the first years. Further, the amount covered by the owner will be reduced to 30 million. By the end of the decade, such clubs will have to reach self-sufficiency.

2) UEFA does not take into account infrastructure costs. That is, if, for example, a Russian club has a negative balance due to the construction of a stadium or investments in its academy, UEFA will not apply sanctions.

3) Not all clubs with a negative balance will be immediately excluded from the Champions League. If a club shows positive dynamics in its financial statements for the year and losses are reduced, UEFA will not punish the club so harshly. But it will only issue a warning or impose a fine.

Events in European football show that clubs do not spend less. Football players' salaries are still growing. Transfers remain at approximately the same level. And Russian clubs do not lag behind Europe in this regard. How can they comply with the new UEFA rules? European experience will tell us about this.

WAY ONE: DO LIKE PSG AND CITY

ATTRACT FRIENDS-SPONSORS

The Qatari sheikhs, who own the French PSG, paid 42 million euros for the purchase of Thiago Silva, pay Zlatan Ibrahimovic 15 million euros a year, but still intend to comply with the FFP. How will they do this?

All you need is good connections. Recently there was information on the Internet that the Parisian club will be sponsored by the Qatar National Bank. The cost of the deal for placing the company logo on PSG T-shirts is 100 million euros per year! Over the course of three years, PSG's budget will receive gigantic amounts of money that can cover the costs of transfers.

Of course, the contract amount is clearly overestimated. And you can certainly find a connection between the sponsor and the club owner (after all, they are from the same country!). But formally, everything is within the rules!

A similar trick was performed last year in Manchester City. The UAE airline paid £400 million a year to change the name of the club's stadium. No one has ever paid such a price for such a service.

How would UEFA look at such an agreement? European officials scolded Manchester City. They said the Etihad deal would be subject to "review". And if there is a connection between the owners and sponsors of the club, the contract will not be taken into account in the financial statements. But how will UEFA prove that this deal is unfair? Unanswered question.

Even though Arsene Wenger called the City contract a “mockery of UEFA,” this way of complying with the FFP so far seems to be very effective. In England they have already begun to say that Gazprom is helping Chelsea comply with the FPP rules (this summer the gas giant became a sponsor of the “aristocrats”).

So why shouldn’t friendly structures help each other? The owners of Russian clubs just need to strain their friends a little. And let UEFA worry about proving the dishonesty of such agreements.

WAY TWO: DO LIKE REAL AND TRABZONSPOR

INVEST IN NON-FOOTBALL PROJECTS

If you don’t want to take risks by choosing the first path, you can choose a more creative one. If it’s hard to make money from football (after all, only a few clubs really know how to do this), why not go into another business? Where can a club make a guaranteed profit?

There is nothing special about this: Arsenal, for example, in order to recoup the funds spent on the construction of the Emirates Stadium, built a residential complex on the square where their old Highbury stadium was located.

Real Madrid followed a similar path. This year, the Madrid club announced the start of construction of an entertainment and recreational complex in the UAE. Of course, Real's Holiday Island, which includes a yacht club, a five-star hotel and a 10,000-seat stadium, will cost the club a tidy sum - about a billion dollars. But investors have already been found. And according to Florentino Perez’s plan, the 300 million army of Real Madrid fans from the Middle East will definitely visit this island and ensure financial well-being for the club for many years to come.

Why shouldn't, say, Zenit build some kind of water park in St. Petersburg with a club museum?

Well, Trabzonspor came up with the most creative solution. Turkish club became a true innovator. He will build a giant hydroelectric power station on the Black Sea coast. The fact is that in Turkey, according to economists, the need for electricity is sharply increasing. And investing in this industry is a very promising move.

– With the introduction of FFP rules, our club needs a constant income. Yes, we will spend $50 million to build the power plant. But every year it will be able to bring 10 million to the club budget,” said Trabzonspor owner Sadri Sener. It is not surprising that Sener is a major businessman in the construction industry.
Perhaps Russian clubs also need similar ideas.

WAY THREE: DO LIKE CHELSEA

PAY FOR PLAYERS IN INSTALLMENTS

With the introduction of FFP rules, one important feature of football transfers has become of great importance. You can pay for them not immediately, but in installments. This payment method has been popular before. But now it is almost becoming the main one.

It is a mistake to believe that Chelsea, having paid Liverpool £50 million for the transfer of Fernando Torres, immediately received a huge hole in their coffers. In fact, Chelsea are paying for this transfer in installments. Pays evenly throughout the entire contract, which lasts 5.5 years. That is, every year Chelsea pays Liverpool “only” 9 million pounds. This amount is reflected in the financial statements. This figure is much easier to cover than £50 million!

It seems that Zenit has also adopted this experience. General Director Maxim Mitrofanov has already stated that the St. Petersburg team will pay for the transfers of Hulk and Witsel in installments. Payments are spread over three years.

WAY FOUR: DO LIKE MANCHESTER CITY

SPEND NOW, SAVE LATER

The FFP rules have an important caveat: if a club suffers losses, but systematically reduces them from year to year, sanctions from UEFA may not be so severe. Like, once you correct yourself, well done, keep it up!

In this regard, it makes sense for clubs to buy stars now, and not in subsequent seasons, so that in the first years of reporting there will be a “failure”, but in next years– rapid reduction of losses.

Note: Manchester City, which in the old days spent tens and even hundreds of millions of pounds on transfers, is no longer as active in the market this season. Moreover, according to British media, head coach Roberto Mancini was told that the club would now sell players first and only then buy them. In the first years of reporting to UEFA, City's financial affairs will not look so good. But then they will begin to get better before our eyes. The improvements will be obvious - which will certainly be noted by UEFA. And all this is thanks to the fact that the club knew when to step on the gas and when to hit the brakes.

ALTERNATIVE PATH: DON'T DO IT LIKE MILAN

REDUCE COSTS

Of course, if the above methods do not help, you will have to cut costs. This is what Milan did, for example. The Italians cut their salary fund by as much as 60 million euros in one summer. To do this, they sold two of their highest paid players (Ibrahimovic and Thiago Silva) to PSG and got rid of a number of well-deserved veterans (Nesta, Seedorf, Inzaghi, van Bommel, etc.). However, in Russia things are unlikely to come to such measures. We believe in the ingenuity of our club owners!

CONCLUSION

From the examples above, it is clear that for a large group of wealthy clubs, complying with the rules of financial fair play is not so difficult. There would be a desire. But why then are these rules needed if superclubs continue to spend crazy amounts of money on transfers?

In Europe there is now a widespread opinion that the FFP rules are largely intended for not the most strong clubs. They, trying to become popular, borrow gigantic loans from banks. And this, over time, leads to a debt trap. It is the clubs with a bad credit history that will apparently be denied access to European cups.

Through Risk - to Barty. Sharapova won her first match in two months Maria Sharapova reached the second round of a major tournament in Cincinnati. On Tuesday night she defeated American Alison Risk. The Russian's next opponent will be former world number one Ashleigh Barty. 08/13/2019 14:00 Tennis Nikolay Mysin

Andrei Rublev: When I lost, I became depressed. The third racket of Russia last week performed at a tournament in Washington, during which he gave an interview to a correspondent of Soviet Sport. 08.08.2019 15:30 Tennis Sigov Yuri

), let us note the most famous cases of Fair Play.

Random goals.

Amsterdam Ajax met with the modest Cambuur in the 2005/2006 season as part of the Dutch Cup. In one of the episodes, when an Ajax player was injured, the Cambuur players kicked the ball out of bounds. While returning the ball to the opponents, a player from the capital's club accidentally scored a goal... Throwing their arms to the sides, the Amsterdamers did not find a better solution than allowing their opponents to score a goal in return...

In the same way, the players of the Lithuanian “Vetra” accidentally scored the only goal in the game against the Norwegian “Viking” in the UEFA Cup qualifying game. However, unlike Ajax, the Lithuanians did not allow the score to be equalized.

A similar incident with a slightly modified reason occurred last year in Italy in Serie B during the meeting between Ascoli and Regina.

Early in the first half, Regina's Carlos Valdez pulled a muscle and attempted to kick the ball into touch so he could receive medical attention. Regardless of these intentions, Ascoli's player intercepted the ball and organized a scoring attack. This was followed by an investigation and the removal of Regina defender Andrea Costa, after which the head coach of Ascoli demanded that his players concede a goal so that justice would prevail

A similar incident occurred in the Catalan derby Barcelona - Espanyol, although among children.

“I don’t need your fake penalty.”

There are many cases where players challenge a penalty against their own goal. The reverse situations, when players who have earned a penalty do not agree with the referee's gift, can be counted on one hand.

As part of the Romanian football championship, Rapid from Bucharest hosted Ocelul. With the score 2:0 in the 63rd minute, the hosts' midfielder Kostin Lazar, rushing into the penalty area, encountered resistance from a defender, who took the ball away from him in a tackle. The referee, without hesitation, pointed to the spot, but Lazar began to furiously refuse the penalty. The episode ended with the referee awarding a dropped ball on the corner of the penalty area, and the hosts kicked the ball beyond the goal line.

Liverpool fans should remember the episode involving forward Robbie Fowler. In the match against Arsenal, match referee Gerald Ashby awarded a penalty for a foul by David Seaman. After that, Robbie tried to convince the referee that Seaman did not touch him, and there was no violation, but the referee did not cancel his decision. They say that before Fowler approached the point, he told Seaman which corner he would hit

The match eventually ended in Liverpool's victory with a score of 2:1, and FIFA presented Fowler with the Fair Play award at the end of the 1996/1997 season.

The episode starts at the 2:13 mark

Andrei Arshavin was also noted for his passion for justice.

"Where did we end up there?"

August 2007 An FA Cup match between Nottingham Forest and Leicester City was canceled after Clive Clarke, the visiting footballer, felt unwell at half-time and was taken to hospital with a heart attack. By that time, Leicester was leading 1:0, and on the day of the replay, the Nottingham players allowed the visiting goalkeeper to freely restore the status quo, since the Cup rules did not require the teams to start the game with the same score at which it was interrupted

"I won't score! The person is in pain..."

The match between Everton and West Ham was marred by an injury to the Toffees goalkeeper, which, however, was ignored by the Hammers players. The continuation of the attack by the Londoners promised them (taking into account the empty goal) a goal completion, but Paolo Di Canio, who could shoot on goal, chose to catch the ball with his hands (risking getting a card) than to complete the combination, ignoring the torment of his opponent...

An Iranian player with a hard-to-pronounce last name, Amin, also won a Fair Play award when he refused to complete a dangerous attack.

Two more similar moments from the “same opera”.

"I slipped and fell..."

The match between Milan and Palermo in the Italian Championship last season was an ordinary meeting in which there would have been nothing remarkable if not for one minor episode. Massimo Ambrosini, at one point when the referee recorded a violation of the rules on him, expressed surprise. The referee approached the player and asked if there was a foul. Ambrosini shook his head confidently and the ball was returned to the Palermo players...

Another Italian player De Rossi admitted that he scored the ball with his hand into the opponent's goal

And Slovenian Walter Birsa convinced the judge that the collision was accidental

Another case was mentioned in the comments. Thank you.

In the 1998/1999 season, Arsene Wenger won the Fair play award for refusing to win the cup match against Sheffield. Let us recall the essence of the conflict. The Sheffield goalkeeper, seeing that one of the players was injured, kicked the ball over the sideline. After play was restarted, Arsenal player Ray Parlor threw the ball to the opposing goalkeeper, but suddenly two Gunners foreign players intervened. Nigerian Nwankwo Kanu intercepted the ball and sent it to Dutchman Mark Overmars, who rolled the ball into the goal. The referee had to count the goal, the score became 2:1, and Arsenal won. Arsene Wenger called for a replay of the match, and FIFA took the unprecedented decision to allow it.

Since 2011, the European Football Federation (UEFA) has been running the “ Financial fair play" The program is aimed at the long-term development of football, improving the financial aspects of the activities of football clubs playing under the auspices of UEFA.

Since 2011, clubs have been required to confirm the absence of debts to their players, other clubs and other organizations for the current season.

UEFA's financial fair play principles?

The essence of the rules is that football clubs do not have the right to spend more money than they do. But there are some nuances and limits to the break-even rules:

If the club has a wealthy owner, he is allowed to invest funds, but not more than 45 million euros.
From the 2015/2016 season until the end of the 2017/2018 season, this maximum limit was set at 30 million euros, and in the future it is planned to further reduce it until the clubs are self-sufficient.
This restriction does not apply to expenses related to investments in youth football, training facilities and stadiums

At first, UEFA paid attention only to the clubs’ debts, but starting from the 2013-2014 season, it began to fully study their budgets. A special feature of financial fair play is that UEFA only has influence over clubs taking part in European competitions. As for the remaining teams, they are under the control of national football federations.

Punishment of clubs for non-compliance with financial fair play criteria

For non-compliance with the criteria " financial fair play» the following sanctions may be imposed on the club:

Issuing a warning
Reprimand
Punishment in the form of fines
Withdrawal of points earned by the club
Deprivation of prize money for participation in tournaments under the auspices of UEFA
Establishing a ban on the application of new football players in tournaments under the auspices of UEFA
Setting a limit on the number of players in a club’s application for participation in European competitions
Ban from participation in current or future UEFA competitions
Deprivation of awards and trophies won by the club in European competitions

Clubs that have received the right to participate in the Europa League are required to obtain a license from the national football federation. After this, UEFA evaluates the club's indicators and documents.

During the operation of this program, a number of positive aspects were achieved:

Overdue debt obligations of UEFA clubs decreased from 57 to 8 million euros
Losses of UEFA football clubs decreased from 1.7 to 0.8 billion euros
The financial performance of clubs has become more open and transparent.
Financial planning began to be carried out not on short time, but for a long period.

UEFA uses the full amount of fines collected from violating clubs to pay solidarity payments to teams that fully comply with the established requirements.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

National State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Health named after P.F. Lesgafta, St. Petersburg.

Abstract on the discipline:

“Fundamentals of pedagogical and sports ethics”

On the topic: “Fair Play - the basis of morality in sports”

Performed:

3rd year student, 5th group

Faculty of Education

Department of Skiing.

Saint Petersburg

1. The concept of Fair Play

2. History and modernity

5. Fair Play Award Winners

1. The concept of Fair Play

fair play award sports

Fair Play -- roughly translated as "Fair Play") is a set of ethical and moral laws based on an individual's inner conviction about nobility and fairness in sports. "The Unspoken Virtue in Regulated Conflicts"

Modern interpretation.

Already Coubertin himself and the founders of the modern Olympic movement were forced to admit numerous cases of fraud and unsportsmanlike behavior on the part of athletes. Including in connection with this in 1920 at Olympic Games The Olympic oath of athletes was introduced for the first time in Antwerp. With the growing popularity of sports in the world, it has become increasingly difficult to follow the basic Olympic principle of strict amateur status for athletes. As the stakes increased, it became common for athletes to hide their true professional status or continue their careers as professionals. The infrastructure of elite sports, the development of a world-class athlete, the coverage of major sports forums in the media - all this requires significant investment and contradicts the concept of an “amateur” athlete. By the middle of the 20th century, a dialectical opposition between sport and “fair play” emerged. On the one hand, there is the ancient idealistic idea of an athlete improving himself as an individual. On the other hand, there is a cynical approach to sports: victory at any cost, using deception, doping and biased refereeing. Modern post-industrial society associates sport with games and entertainment less and less often. On the contrary, in the public consciousness, sport is associated with business. Despite the deep contradictions of the idea of fair play, most experts do not see an alternative to it. Without a set of ethical laws, sport loses its meaning and appeal. Fair play axiologically justifies sport, transferring it from the consumer sphere to the area of the highest spiritual values of a person.

2. History and modernity

The concept of “fair play” (literally “fair play”) in the modern world has gone far beyond football and sports competitions in general. It is often used in economics, politics, law and other areas. It is difficult to unambiguously answer the question of when the concept of “fair play” entered our speech, and it is even more difficult to accurately determine the date of its appearance. In one of the articles on the Internet (author - Maxim Rozenko), I came across the date of the appearance of the concept being attributed to the 1968 Olympics, held in Mexico City, where “... the oath of sports referees was pronounced for the first time, the introduction of which was initiated by the USSR Olympic Committee. So the concept of “fair play” dates back to those times.”

I will allow myself to argue with this statement: the term “fair play” did not originate in sports in general, but specifically within the framework of football, and the emergence of the concept was essentially determined by the very process of development of football.

A lot has been written about the history of the emergence of football, and in the context of this article it makes no sense to return again to an already well-covered issue. But, of course, it should be noted that the very specifics of the development of football consisted in a progressive movement from the almost complete absence of rules to clear regulation of the game process. Here it is important to say a few words about the history of the emergence of football rules, compliance with which is an integral part of the concept of “fair play”.

Without touching on the numerous games that preceded football in Ancient world and the Middle Ages, let's say a few words about England as the cradle of modern football. It should be noted that the game of ball, common among students of English private schools, was of an extremely rough nature and, until about 1830, was characterized by unclear organization, informality, and the absence of rules - not only regarding the behavior of the players, but even regarding the number of participants, duration of the game and size of the field. Between 1828 and 1840, Rugby College headmaster Thomas Arnold introduced athletics into boarding schools and helped develop the game of ball into modern football: introducing standard sizes the ball, the demarcation of the field, the number of players is established, the duration of the game, etc. However, in different schools in England the rules differed from each other, to the point that some allowed handball and tripping. In 1863, representatives of a number of clubs accepted the rules proposed by Cambridge and created the Football Association (FA). Proponents of the handball rule founded the Rugby Football Union in 1871, finally separating the two games. The unification of football rules was greatly facilitated by the establishment in 1871 of the FA Cup - the oldest tournament currently existing.

At first, all the FA Cup finalist teams consisted of former pupils of closed private schools, that is, we can say that football was predominantly elitist in nature. For the aristocratic strata, victory was not as important as participation in the game itself. Such a game for fun allows us to talk about the peculiar amateur nature of football in the described period of time. It was during the reign of Queen Victoria in England, which went down in history as the Victorian era (1831-1901), that the concept of “fair play” was born.

English sociologists Dunning and Sheard examined the amateur nature of football of that era and noted such characteristic feature, as a rejection of the game, which included an attitude to win at any cost. A necessary attribute was control over oneself and one’s feelings, regardless of the outcome of the game. It is to this period of time that researchers attribute the emergence of the idea of “fair play”.

In 1871, the path to participation in the FA Cup became open to teams with working-class players (symbolically, the dominance of the elite ended in 1883, when a working-class team from Blackburn defeated Eton in the Cup final). This circumstance required new forms of control. Winning the game was one of the manifestations of rivalry between classes. Thanks to it, people from the lower strata could improve their social or economic status, and the nobility demonstrated political superiority. The desire to win according to the principles of “fair play” has lost its relevance, since the concept itself has lost its social foundation, again being replaced by the desire to win at any cost. In this regard, the emergence of the institution of refereeing dates back to 1871.

In modern football, the fairness and impartiality of referees is often questioned and causes a lot of controversy both among football fans and among football management. The issue of introducing video replays has been raised by FIFA several times. For my part, I support this idea, but another question is how possible it is to implement this on the field, during the match. But despite the frequent injustice of referees, it is encouraging that in the world of modern football there are referees who are rightfully examples of impartiality, correctness and unquestioning decisions - those about whom they say: “strict, but fair.” Italian referee Pierluigi Collina is a prime example of this. Of course, the task of the referees is also to maintain discipline on the field, but the honesty of the referees themselves, I believe, is also an integral part of the concept of “fair play”. It is interesting to note the fact that football referee uniforms always have cotton or synthetic patches with the FIFA emblem (and the inscription: “My game is fair play”) or UEFA (with the inscription “fair play”). And on the obligatory attribute of the referee - the coin for drawing lots - there is the FIFA emblem on the white side, and the FAIR PLAY emblem on the other, yellow side. Even red and yellow cards do not always, but often have large images of the FIFA logo and the FAIR PLAY program.

And here it is right to return to the players, because the concept of “fair play” refers, first of all, to football players, and note those violations of the principles of fair play that entail warnings to the player through yellow cards or removal from the field. Unsportsmanlike conduct, including roughness and dangerous play, as well as minor infractions, is usually punishable by a yellow card. A player receives a red card after the second warning in one match, as well as for:

Use of obscene language;

Deliberate violation of the rules;

Aggressive behavior;

Serious game violation, such as handball.

German researcher, sociologist at the Institute of Sports of the University of Hannover, Dr. Günter A. Pilz formulated the essence of “fair play” in the following four sentences:

An honest player accepts the rules of the game;

The player does everything possible to win within the rules;

Player showing his best qualities, allows you to show them to your opponent;

An honest viewer must be fair.

It is interesting that the researcher also notes the honesty of the viewer as one of the components of the concept of “fair play”. It seems to me that this also applies to the behavior of football fans. Conflicts football fans is an important issue, and its discussion is a topic for a separate conversation. If we look at history, we can recall that in Brussels (1985) and Sheffield (1989) there were dozens of deaths. In the context of the article, it should be noted that the cultural behavior of football fans - both in relation to fans and to players of the other team - only embellishes the game. And it also seems fair to me to call it an important part of the concept of “fair play.”

There are 10 golden rules of FIFA, the totality of which forms what is called “fair play.” These rules apply not only to football players, but to the entire global football community:

1. Play to win.

2. Play fair.

3. Follow the rules of the game.

4. Respect opponents, teammates, referees, officials and spectators.

5. Accept defeat with grace.

6. Promote interest in football.

7. Reject corruption, drugs, racism, violence and everything that is dangerous to the football community.

Here I would like to say a few words about racism, because this problem is extremely relevant not only in the modern world in general, but also in football in particular. FIFA, of course, strives to suppress any unflattering statements of a nationalist nature, but it is very disappointing that such things are sometimes punishable by fines, but do not result in an apology for the offense. For example, I was frankly outraged by the situation when the coach of the Spanish national team, Luis Aragones, who allowed himself racist remarks against the black players of the French national team on the eve of the Spain-France 2006 World Cup match, paid the fine imposed on him by FIFA, but did not bother to apologize to the players. The slogan “Say no to racism” was one of the slogans of the 2006 World Cup, and I would really like it to be fully implemented.

8. Help others resist corruption.

9. Denounce those who are trying to discredit football.

10. Respect those who support the good reputation of football.

The Fair Play Prize is awarded once every 4 years based on the results of the World Championships. Last year, the winners were the teams of Brazil and Spain, but here are the winners of the last 20 years:

2002 -- Belgium

1998 -- England, France

1994 -- Brazil

1990 -- England

1986 -- Brazil

Fair play has also been celebrated by UEFA since 1999 based on the results of the first qualifying round of the UEFA Cup. The evaluation criteria are the number of yellow and red cards, positive play, respect for the opponent, the referee, as well as the behavior of fans and officials.

It is interesting to note that some of the world's greatest players have exhibited exemplary behavior on the field. During his career - 1954-1973. -- England and Manchester United player Bobby Charlton has never been sent off. In 20 years, the footballer received a reprimand from a judge only once (!), and even then in the episode when he stood up for his comrade Denis Lowe. In 1973, Bobby Charlton received the UNESCO Fair Play Award.

We can talk about “fair play” for a long time, and the article, of course, does not exhaust all the versatility of this issue. And at the end of this short essay, I would like to say this: football is a great game, rightfully the most popular in the world, which unites the most different people-- young and old, women and men, different nationalities and religious beliefs. And the beauty of this game depends, of course, first of all, on the players and those whose professional activities are in one way or another connected with football, but we must not forget that it also depends on each of us - those who love football -- beautiful, spectacular and honest, which could not be called anything other than “fair play.”

3. The place of Fair Play principles in the concept of Olympism and the Olympic education system

As you know, the Olympic movement is based on the recognition that sport, sports competitions and targeted preparation for them have enormous socio-cultural significance for humans and humanity. Based on this, the Olympic motto “citius, altius, fortius” directs people to active sports, to high sports achivments, records, victories.

However, according to the philosophy of Olympism, which originated in Ancient Greece, an athlete should not strive to win at any cost. He must demonstrate honest, noble, chivalrous behavior in sports fights, based on the conviction that the most important thing in these competitions is not victory over an opponent, but the courage, courage shown during the struggle for this victory, the very spirit of struggle that motivates a person to perfection, to overcoming oneself, one’s weaknesses and shortcomings. "There is no greater victory than victory over yourself." - wrote the ancient Greek philosopher Plato about this idea of Olympism.

The founder of modern Olympism, Pierre de Coubertin, advocated supporting the aspirations of Olympians for the highest achievements in sports, objected to the “excessive restraint” of results, seeing in their constant growth the “attractiveness” of sport and its “right to exist.” At the same time, he emphasized that there is a certain border that cannot be crossed within the framework of Olympic competitions, no matter how desired the victory or setting a record. Coubertin considered such a boundary to be primarily ethical considerations. To express a set of ethical principles that athletes, coaches, fans and other persons associated with sports should be guided by, the English expression “Fair play” is used, which is translated as “fair (or fair) play”.

Historians of the ancient Olympic Games believe that the term used in those days to refer to what is now called "fair play" was "arete", denoting a combination of belligerence and fairness. The first Olympic athlete to go down in the history of foul play was the fist fighter Europol: at the Games of 388 BC. he bribed three of his rivals. Such behavior at the Games was punishable by a kind of fine: at the expense of the culprit, a bronze statue of Zeus was placed in front of the entrance to the ancient stadium, on the pedestal of which not only the name of the culprit was carved, but also his parents, the name of the city where the athlete was from. According to historians, throughout history ancient Games 13 such monuments of “infamy” were erected [see. Pevtsevich, 1983, p. 15].

Different researchers interpret the emergence of the modern ideal of fair play in different ways. It is most often associated with the chivalric code of conduct of the Middle Ages, as well as with the system of education in the spirit of competition that developed in English private schools in the 19th century. [cm. on this issue: Indorf, 1938; Lenk and Pilz, 1989; Liponsky, 1994; McIntosh, 1978, 1979, etc.]. Norbert Müller, vice-president of the International Committee of Pierre de Coubertin, who published a work in 1982 on “the concept of fair play throughout the centuries,” considers the Christian religion to be the main source of this ideal.

Coubertin assigned an important place to the principles of “fair play” in the system of ideas of Olympism. In one of his speeches in July 1908, he said: “We believe that the Olympic idea is the idea of a high muscular culture, arising, on the one hand, from the chivalrous spirit, which is so beautifully called “fair play,” and on the other hand - from an aesthetic concept, the implementation of which is such a pleasant and rewarding experience." In another speech, Coubertin emphasized that “the cult of effort, competition on the verge of risk, love of country, nobility, the spirit of chivalry, contacts with painting and literature - all this is the foundation of Olympism.” Coubertin’s position on the issue under discussion is clearly evidenced by the words in his “Ode to Sports”: “Thrice sweet is the victory won in a noble, fair struggle.” As noted in the text of the “Fair Play Manifesto”, adopted at a meeting of the International Fair Play Committee in 1992, “the principles of Fair Play are a necessary and dominant feature of the Olympic idea of Pierre de Coubertin (Olympism).”

Coubertin's idea that an Olympic athlete must adhere to the principles of "fair play" and demonstrate chivalrous behavior in competitions also occupies an important place in the modern interpretation of Olympism, its ideals and values. It is no coincidence that the principles of “fair play” are repeatedly mentioned in the Olympic Charter. The purpose of the Olympic Movement, according to the Charter, is “to contribute to the building of a peaceful and better world by educating young people through sports without any discrimination and Olympic spirit, which includes mutual understanding, the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play." When listing the main tasks of the IOC, the Charter notes that this Committee: "... 5) promotes and encourages compliance with sports ethics; 6) dedicates its efforts to ensuring that the spirit of fair play prevails in sports grounds and that violence may be banished from them."

The importance of the Fair Play principles for sports and Olympism is emphasized by many scientists and public figures. For example, the famous French philosopher and writer Jean d'Ormesson, in one of his speeches addressed to UNESCO, noted that he sees meaning in sport only if it is practiced “honestly.” He expressed his credo on this issue in the title of his speech: “Sport is a fair game.” In the Preface to the “Manifesto on Sports”, adopted in 1964 by the International Council physical education and Sport (SIEPS) President of the Council, the late Sir Philip Noel-Baker (Silver Olympic medalist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate) wrote: “Fair play is the essence, a necessary element of any sport worthy of the name. It lies at the basis of both amateur and professional sports. The principle of fair play requires not only strict, but also voluntary compliance with the spirit and letter of the rules "It presupposes respect for the opponent and for oneself. Without fair play, competition becomes rude and humiliating."

In the introduction to the same “Manifesto on Sport,” the then Director General of UNESCO, René Maillot, wrote: “The Manifesto emphasizes the importance of the principle of fair play, which ensures the humanity of sport. This principle consists of an honest attitude towards the enemy (even in the midst of the most intense competition) and moral self-criticism.” . As the Manifesto itself emphasizes, “the spirit of sportsmanship can be identified with fair play, that is, with respect for written and unwritten rules. It requires nobility towards the opponent during the fight, the strictest obedience to the referee and composure both after victory and after defeat. It forms the basis of the sport and ensures its chivalrous character."

The principles of Fair Play are also explained in detail in the Fair Play Manifesto, which was developed and published in 1977 by the International Council of Sport and Physical Education at UNESCO. It is noted here that fair play is expressed primarily in the behavior of the athlete himself. It characterizes his mode of action, arising from self-esteem and including: honesty, integrity, decisive and dignified behavior in situations where others behave dishonestly; respect for your partner; respect for the opponent regardless of whether he is the winner or the loser, the awareness that rivalry is an indispensable condition of competitive sport and that the opponent is a necessary partner in sport; respect for the judge, and positive respect, expressed in a constant desire to cooperate with him in any situation; the ability to remain humble after victory and calmly accept defeat. This document emphasizes that fair play is not only required of athletes. It is also necessary for coaches, sports directors, spectators and all other persons associated with sports who can directly or indirectly influence the athlete.

A similar description of the Fair Play principles is given in the new text of the Manifesto, adopted at a meeting of the International Fair Play Committee in 1992. It is noted here that “the principles of Fair Play are a necessary and dominant property of the Olympic idea of Pierre de Coubertin (Olympism).” The need to comply with Fair Play principles in elite sports, youth sports, recreational and health sports, and sports for the disabled is emphasized and examples are given to explain the meaning of these principles.

Here are some of these examples.

High performance sports:

The tennis player helps the referee by showing that his opponent's shot was within the line;

A boxer refrains from striking his opponent after realizing that he, although still standing, is no longer able to defend himself;

Cyclist in a race long distance stops to help an opponent who has fallen and damaged his bike, giving him a spare part from his own “bike first aid kit”;

A soccer coach rewards a player for not being aggressive toward an opposing player, even though it allows the opponent to take the goal.

Recreational sports and sports for health:

A boy stands alone by the fence and watches his peers play in the street; one of the players approaches him and invites him to join them;

On the beach, a group of vacationers play volleyball; the composition of the teams is constantly changing so that everyone participates on equal terms: men and women, young and old, etc.;

In winter with little snow, the family cancels the traditional ski holiday so as not to harm nature;

The driver gives a lift to a cyclist whose bike has broken down, taking a roundabout route to do so.

Sports for the disabled:

A mother asks to admit her disabled daughter to the nursery sports section; the coach refuses her, believing that this girl will create too many problems for him; the mothers of other children from the section are also against it, believing that the presence of a disabled girl in the section will create difficulties for their children;

Students at the school for the mentally retarded are sufficiently fit to participate in local school competitions; but the organizers and parents of the students reject this idea, as they consider these students unable to cope with the stress of competition;

Two teams of disabled footballers want to play their match at a local sports ground on Sunday afternoon; the administration, supported by teams of healthy players, turns them away because the field is reserved at this time for teams top level that can attract more people.

Thus, the principles of Fair Play require a decisive and complete refusal to win at any cost, creating equal conditions for all participants in the competition. These principles presuppose the inner conviction that winning through deception, due to a judge’s mistake, due to unfairly prevailing conditions means not winning at all. Fair play - respect for your partner, your opponent, yourself, the judges and spectators, the ability to remain humble after a victory and accept defeat with dignity.

The implementation of Fair Play principles in practice is of great importance for sport and its positive role in modern society. “If, due to some catastrophic circumstance, the principle of fair play disappeared from the sports world,” the “Manifesto on Sports” emphasized, “competitions would become places of lies, deceit and rudeness. Sport would turn from a builder of human relationships into their destroyer and, thus would lose main meaning of its existence."

b) Ways to shape the behavior of athletes in the spirit of Fair Play principles

An analysis of the literature and practical work on shaping the behavior of athletes in the spirit of the Fair Play principles shows that often the main way to solve this problem is seen in intensifying educational work - work to explain and promote the Fair Play principles, their role and significance in modern sports and Olympism.

The International Olympic Academy, as well as the National Olympic Academies of a number of countries - Canada, the USA, Germany, etc., are particularly active in this regard. The Olympic Academies, recently created in our country, are also carrying out certain work in this regard.

The International Fair Play Committee (founded in 1964 by the International Sports Press Association and the International Council for Physical Education and Sports - SIEPS - with the support of UNESCO) also pays significant attention to the explanation and promotion of the principles of Fair Play. International Foundation Against Violence in Sports. The three organizations have created a joint advisory body called the International Fellowship to Combat Violence in Sports and Promote Fair Play. With their assistance, the “Manifesto on Fair Play” was developed and published in 1977, and a new text of this Manifesto was published in 1992.

Particularly important importance is attached to the explanation and promotion of the Fair Play principles among children and adolescents, since it is at this age that the foundations are laid for the system of value orientations that will subsequently determine all their behavior, including in sports.

In a number of countries - for example, Canada, Switzerland, Germany, Greece, etc. - attempts are being made to develop special educational programs for children and youth aimed at instilling in them an understanding of and respect for the principles of "fair play". For example, in Greece in 1983, the “Sport and Child” program was developed, aimed at teaching children aged 6-12 years to play sports without the desire to win at any cost. The Canadian Fair Play Commission, founded in 1986 by the Government of Canada, developed a fair play education program in 1990, which aimed to develop behavior in students in grades 4-6 that was oriented towards the five principles of Fair Play: compliance with the rules; respect for officials and agreement with their decisions; respectful attitude towards your opponents; giving everyone equal chances and constant self-control. In this case, three main values and attitudes are identified: training in joint actions (cooperation); the desire to play by the rules and the development of self-esteem and self-confidence.

The Fair Play program used in schools and other educational institutions in Germany is based primarily on explaining the principles of Fair Play to children and adolescents. For example, the teacher is asked to discuss the following situations with students: a player from his or the opposing team is caught in an unseemly act during or after a match; The players greet the successful performance of their team with an ovation, and the good performance of the opponent is booed by them, the unsuccessful performance of the opponent causes ridicule, etc.

In recent years, along with the explanation and promotion of the principles of “fair play”, some attention has been paid to the search for incentives that would orient children and youth towards chivalrous behavior, the beauty of actions and deeds. For example, in order to attract the attention of children and teenagers to the principles of Fair Play, in 1994, in connection with the FIFA World Cup in America, the official sponsor of the championship, the Snickers company, together with FIFA, organized a children's competition. Children were asked to draw a picture on the theme "Fair play". This competition was held in all countries whose teams participated in the championship. The winners of the competition were invited to the World Championships in the USA and before each meeting of the teams they carried the Fair Play flag onto the field.

In connection with the promotion of the Fair Play principles, some scientists draw attention to the fact that the Olympic motto “Citius. Altius. Fortius” contributes not only to the professionalization of modern sports, but at the same time creates in athletes the desire to achieve victory at any cost and leads to the loss of modern sport of moral values [Rose, 1989; Stolyarov, 1984; Heinila, 1973; Shaddad, 1995, etc.]. In this regard, it is proposed to change the mentioned motto of the Olympic movement, linking it with spiritual, moral and aesthetic values. At the beginning of the 20th century, the famous American sculptor R. Tate Mackenzie proposed formulating the Olympic motto: “Celeritas, Agilitas, Fortitugo, Aegutas” (“Speed, lightness, courage, fair play”). José Maria Cajigal, President of the International Association of Schools of Physical Education, proposed to accept as Olympic motto"Better, more beautiful, more humane!" Olympic champion E. Petushkova proposed adding “more beautiful” to the words “faster, higher, stronger” in the Olympic motto, and the famous German philosopher, Olympic champion in rowing G. Lenk - the words “more aesthetic” and “more humanistic”. The Chairman of the International Fair Play Committee, Jean Borotra, in his speech at the Committee meeting in March 1983, proposed that at each Olympic Games, the athlete or sportswoman who most embody the Olympic ideal should be selected from among the participants, and at the end of the Games, at a special ceremony, they should be awarded a special medal with the inscription: "Humanism through sport." The Hungarian philosopher F. Takács proposed returning to one of the versions of the Olympic motto of Pierre de Coubertin “Mens fervida in corpore lacertoso!” ("IN developed body sublime spirit!").

Efforts are being made to develop codes of conduct for coaches, journalists and athletes themselves, including youth athletes, to promote Fair Play behavior. For example, Yu.P. Segal developed the "Code young Olympian"Some international sports federations have established ethics commissions to enforce such codes.

Many scientists and specialists, while attaching great importance to the explanation and promotion of the Fair Play principles, understand at the same time that it is unlikely that this problem can be solved through educational work alone, without creating real incentives to encourage orientation towards these principles.

One step in this direction is the introduction of certain forms of reward for those who demonstrate truly chivalrous behavior in accordance with the principles of Fair Play. As is known, in sports practice, certain prizes and rewards have long been used to encourage such behavior in athletes. Thus, from the very beginning of its activities, the International Fair Play Committee annually awards two awards. One of them, the Pierre de Coubertin Trophy for a Noble Gesture, is awarded for an outstanding example of fair play shown by an athlete during the previous year, regardless of whether the athlete is professional or amateur, age, famous or obscure. The basis for awarding an award is an act committed by an athlete in fulfillment of the written or unwritten rules of sport, or for humanitarian reasons, if this act “cost or could cost the athlete victory.”

Another award of the Committee, the Pierre de Coubertin Trophy for Nobility during a Sports Career, is awarded to an athlete who has completed his career if, during that career, he consistently demonstrated a true sportsmanship spirit during competition and contributed to the promotion of such a spirit.

Prizes and awards for highly moral behavior of athletes are presented not only by the International Fair Play Committee. In some countries, there are prizes awarded to athletes for displaying nobility and dedication. Thus, the Bulgarian newspaper “Naroden Sport” annually conducted a questionnaire among readers, the purpose of which was to promote manifestations of civic valor, nobility and dedication of Bulgarian athletes. She also established a special prize “Sport, Ethics, Courage”. The Hungarian Athletics Union annually presented an award for "gentlemanly" sports career, an award for gentlemanly sportsmanship and an award for educating the younger generation in the spirit of Fair Play (it is awarded to teachers, coaches, journalists, etc.).

In recent years, work in this direction has begun to be carried out in our country. The Fair Play Commission, created under the Russian Olympic Committee, tries to promote the ideas of “fair play” during the annual “Sporting Honor” competition it conducts (since 1990).

As part of activities aimed at encouraging the “chivalrous” behavior of athletes, the experience of establishing a special Fair Play prize for an athlete or team at many championships in various sports deserves attention. The winners of this prize are determined differently in different sports. In field hockey, the only criterion is the fewer number of comments from the referees. In football and ice hockey competitions, game results are taken into account, as well as penalty points for various violations.

The above prizes and awards for “knightly” behavior are intended for athletes high class. However, attempts are being made to encourage young athletes to behave in the spirit of Fair Play principles. One of the attempts of this kind was made in 1989 under our leadership by graduate student O.I. Samusenkov. He organized a competition among young football players, during which the coach regularly (after each game) assessed their actions based on the following indicators: strict adherence to the rules of the game; refusal of rough play; deliberate delay; offensive language addressed to anyone; congratulating an opponent on a victory; accepting victory or defeat without ridiculing the enemy; appearance on the field; unquestioning implementation of judicial decisions; admitting your mistakes; strict implementation of the coach’s instructions; aesthetic execution of technical elements (beauty of actions); noble deeds. The young football players were informed about the progress of the competition and the assessment of their behavior by the coach according to the specified criteria. The coaches discussed the actions of the young football players after each game and held conversations about sports ethics, the principles of “fair play”, their role in sports, in particular in football, and highly moral behavior famous athletes, including Olympians, during competitions and in life, etc.

To shape the behavior of athletes in the spirit of Fair Play principles, certain changes are also being introduced to the rules of competitions, making it possible to punish those athletes who deviate from the norms of fair sports competition. For example, the International Handball Federation decided to impose penalties on offending players rather than on the entire team, introducing progressively harsher penalties to create an atmosphere of intolerance around serious and repeated violations of the rules, especially in situations of physical contact with an opponent. The International Basketball Federation has introduced a new classification of rule violations: unintentional violation due to the course of the game; intentional violation determined to be serious; violation leading to disqualification; a technical error that is a violation of the rules of the game.

Changing the rules of games and competitions is also used in a number of educational programs Fair Play. This aspect of the matter is given, for example, significant attention in the Fair Play program developed by the Swiss Association of Physical Education for schoolchildren. This program provides training for children and adolescents to change the rules of games and competitions in a manner that promotes "fair play."

Some experts, for example, Erwin Hahn, a psychologist from Cologne (Germany), proposed revising the rules of children's and youth sports, based on the fact that coaches and instructors teach young athletes not so much fair play as the use of violence, not so much compliance with the rules as skill. bypass the rules.

For example, the International Basketball Federation has taken certain steps in this direction. In mini-basketball, intended for children from 8 to 12-13 years old, she introduced additional points: for the appearance of the team (condition of equipment, clothes, shoes), for discipline (during the game, in the canteen, etc.), for the behavior of coaches. Thanks to this system, victory does not always go to the winning team: it is counted as a loser if it does not score enough points for behavior.

As is known, in “artistic” sports (figure skating, gymnastics etc.) judges attach great importance to the aesthetics and beauty of the athlete’s actions. Interesting attempts to take into account aesthetic factors when determining winners in other sports (let us remember in this regard that the Hellanodics - Olympic judges - first of all made judgments about the figure, physique, and physical perfection of athletes). Thus, the famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky, holding sports competitions (for example, athletics) in Pavlyshskaya high school, arranged their judging in such a way that victory was assessed not only by results, but also by the beauty of movements and deeds. In his opinion, in working with children in general, “competitions for superiority in beauty, grace, and harmony of movements” should prevail, and competitions in speed should be considered as a secondary element.

In order to “humanize” the system for determining the winners of sporting competitions, it is sometimes proposed (as is done, for example, famous philosopher from Germany, Olympic champion in rowing G. Lenk) refuse to use such a “hard” model of this system, when, on the basis of more and more accurate measurements, one single winner is determined, as well as participants who took subsequent places, and use a more “soft” one a model in which only very significant differences in the results of participants are taken into account, and all those who have shown high achievements are recognized as winners. These proposals were discussed, in particular, at an international symposium in Munich in 1977. It is also proposed to place emphasis on identifying winners in team rather than individual competitions, identifying the degree to which participants have improved their previous results, rather than one participant exceeding the results of another, etc. d.

The media plays an important role in the fight for fair play and against violence in sports. “I believe that the best antidote against violence and other perversions of the sports spirit is the propaganda by our colleagues and among our colleagues of the humanistic ideas of Olympism, the mobilization of journalists to defend sports ethics,” wrote, for example, Jacques Marchand, sports journalist from France.

A new comprehensive program for shaping the behavior of competition participants in the spirit of the Fair Play principles was developed based on the ideas of a project called "SpArt" (this name is derived from three English words"Spirituality" - sport, "Sport" - sport and "Art" - art). This program, as well as the project as a whole, have been implemented in Russia since 1991.

The Spartan Fair Play program has three main goals:

1) to form in athletes (coaches, spectators, etc.) highly moral, noble, chivalrous behavior in relation to other athletes, judges, spectators, etc., to exclude from them the desire to win at any cost, manifestations of rudeness, violence, aggressiveness , nationalism, etc.;

2) shift the emphasis of athletes from victory over others to victory over themselves, to overcoming their own weaknesses, shortcomings, to the full and comprehensive development of their abilities;

3) to promote in sports the formation of a sense of deep respect, partnership, kindness and mercy towards persons with disabilities (disabled people) on the part of other persons and the formation in persons with disabilities of such self-esteem and such behavior when they feel not “disabled” , “sick”, “flawed” people, but equal among others.

At the same time, the program proceeds from the fact that the main reason for the insufficient orientation of athletes, including young ones, towards the principles of “fair play” is rooted not in weak explanatory and educational work, but, first of all, in the absence of strong enough incentives for them to encourage such an orientation.

To create such an orientation, the program provides, first of all, for a significant change in the competition program, as well as the system for evaluating and rewarding winners. The Games (they are called “Spartan”) use a huge palette of various competitions and competitions, as well as indicators by which certain achievements of participants are identified and they are awarded. This allows each of them to prove themselves in some way, to feel like a “winner”. Prizes of great material value are not awarded at the Games. Only significant differences in results are taken into account when determining the places occupied by participants and identifying winners. At the Games, highly moral behavior, the beauty of actions and deeds, and the participant’s overcoming the results that he showed before are fully encouraged and taken into account when determining the winners. In addition to regular competitions, “games without a loser”, competitions of “mixed” teams, etc. are held. (for more details on this issue, see the article by V.I. Stolyarov, published in this collection).

The comprehensive Spartan program "Fair Play", practically implemented since 1991, has shown its high effectiveness, although, naturally, it does not solve the entire problem of moral behavior in sports. Therefore, work to solve this problem must continue.

4. Fair Play Sports Code

Currently, various professional societies are developing or improving their ethical codes of conduct. It has developed that in the mass consciousness, the principle of Fair Play is practically synonymous with the professional, shop, and corporate ethics of the sports community.

Taking into account the radical transformations of socio-economic foundations that have taken place in recent decades sports activities There is a need to significantly clarify the content of the Fair Play principle for participants in this activity in the following aspects:

Perceive an opponent or a rival team as partners in a single community, allies in joint efforts to achieve a high morally impeccable and aesthetically attractive sports result;

In the sports space and outside of it, be guided first of all by your own conscience, that is, the internal conviction of what is good and evil, the moral duties formulated for yourself, the consciousness of personal moral responsibility for your behavior;

In a diverse range of sports and life situations, exercise moral self-control and demand from oneself a conscious and definite moral choice of Fair Play actions and actions in favor of globally recognized social values - justice, goodness, truth - in accordance with the functions of the following participants in sports activities.

A. Athletes

1. Refuse any form of violence against an opponent.

2. Assist an opponent or other person in danger or difficulty in a normal competitive situation.

3. Refrain from taking advantage that is not the result of one's own successful competitive actions.

4. Be guided by the rules of your sport in cooperation with the judges, including a loyal reaction to their decisions.

5. Accept with dignity the final decision made by the relevant sports authority regarding both victory and defeat.

6. Find an opportunity, within the rules of your sport, to correct in favor of your opponent the consequences of a judge’s decision, which a fair athlete understands as erroneous.

7. Find an opportunity to use the income from your own sports activities to carry out charity in favor of people who need help.

B. Managers, functionaries, judges of sports organizations at all levels

8. Improve constitutional and competition rules and regulations, following such imperatives as equal opportunities within each category of participants, the integrity of sports results, the fundamental human right to fairness, the fight against violence, discrimination, racism, xenophobia and hooliganism.

9. Consider the use by athletes of substances and methods prohibited by the rules of competitions as fraud, cheating and deception, and therefore as a crime unacceptable in a legal society.

B. Persons in the athlete's environment, including coaches, doctors, family members, investors and sponsors, agents and managers

10. Form in the athlete’s mind a strong conviction not to achieve victory at any cost.

11. Develop in the athlete’s mind the ethical principles of Fair Play and tolerance.

D. Media workers

12. Give an objective assessment of the achievements of all athletes and teams, regardless of their national, regional, local, club and other affiliation.

13. In covering sports activities, maintain a balance between the reflection of the negative aspects of sport and its positive values in favor of the latter.

D. Spectators at sports facilities

14. React to the actions of athletes and teams without audible or physical interference or interference directed towards opposing athletes or teams.

5. Fair Play Award Winners 2011


A ride on the bicycle	Andy Schleck	Luxembourg	Diploma - Fair Play Law
Fencing	Antonio J. Lil Pina	Venezuela	Diploma - Fair Play Law
Barefoot water skiing		New Zealand
Climbing	Damien Benegas, Guillermo Benegas, Matias Erroz	Argentina
Horseback Riding			Trophy - Fair Play Law
Opera singer	Erica Miklusa		Trophy - Fair Play Promotion
Wheelchair tennis	Esther Vergeer	Netherlands
Taekwondo			Letter of Congratulations - Fair Play Promotion
Hockey	Ivan Tkachenko	Russian Federations	Diploma - Fair Play Law
Athletics	Katrin Green	Germany	Diploma - Fair Play Law
Swimming	Laura Vaca Hernandez
Fencing			Trophy - Fair Play Promotion
Organization	Panathlon Wallonia-Brussels		Diploma - Promotion of Fair Play
	Sebastian Heiland	Argentina	Letter of Congratulations - Fair Play Law
	Turgay Bahadir		Letter of Congratulations - Fair Play Law
Table tennis	Walter Kilger	Germany	Trophy - a sports career in the spirit of Fair Play

to the captain hockey team“Lokomotiv” from Yaroslavl Ivan Tkachenko was posthumously awarded a Fair Play diploma in the “For Action” category. This decision was made by 10 board members of the International Fair Play Committee, who met in Innsbruck in the midst of the first Winter Youth Olympic Games. The international committee received 38 applications for awards in three categories - for an act committed in the spirit of Fair Play, for a sports career and life in the spirit of Fair Play, and for active work in promoting and disseminating Fair Play. Council member from Russia Vladimir Rodichenko told his colleagues in detail about Ivan Tkachenko and that only after the death of the athlete it became clear: for a long time he had been sending part of the money he earned to those in need. So, literally a few minutes before the Yak-42 crash with Lokomotiv hockey players on board, Tkachenko sent 500 thousand rubles to a woman to buy an expensive medicine that saved her life. In the argument before international committee The recent addition to the Olympic Charter of the concept of “social responsibility” in life also helped. Now our country has 25 international and European Fair Play awards.

Posted on Allbest.ru