1942 Dynamo Stadium that they planted. The most striking events in the history of the Moscow Dynamo stadium. Which beetle was sacred to the ancient Egyptians

The winter of 1941-1942 in besieged Leningrad was truly terrible. Severe hunger, frost, bombing and artillery shelling claimed the lives of thousands of citizens every day. During the first winter of the siege, there was no electricity in Leningrad, the water supply and sewage systems were out of order, and public transport did not work.

However, the city did not fall, the troops still held the front, and some despondency and bewilderment appeared in the ranks of the Nazis, who did not understand how this was possible.

By the beginning of April 1942, the German command decided to raise the morale of its troops, tired of the fruitless attacks on Soviet positions. Especially for this, a newspaper was published called “Leningrad - the City of the Dead,” stuffed with photographs of victims and destruction. The meaning of the newspaper was that the besieged city was practically extinct, and its fall was a matter of, if not a few days, then a few weeks.

The Nazis scattered leaflets with similar content over Leningrad itself.

The city's top leadership considered it necessary to convincingly prove to the enemy that Leningrad was alive. Moreover, this should have been done immediately.

Football special operation

It is unknown which of the leaders came up with the idea to respond to the Germans with a football match. However, on May 5, 1942, the captain of the NKVD, and in peacetime football player Viktor Bychkov was urgently recalled from the location of troops on the Pulkovo Heights. Arriving at the general, he heard an order that was incredible, from his point of view: to organize a football match in the city. The general did not accept any objections, dryly noting that Captain Bychkov was given a day to carry out the order. Those players who could be found within the allotted time were supposed to take part in the match.

War forces you to first solve the task at hand, and then reflect on how feasible it is.

At 14:00 on May 6, 1942, the Dynamo (Leningrad) team and the team of the Leningrad garrison entered the stadium field.

The match was officiated by a famous St. Petersburg referee Nikolay Usov. Through the efforts of the authorities, about two thousand spectators were transported to the match by car. There was no time to gather fans with the help of posters - the match was organized in as soon as possible and in the strictest secrecy.

The match, which lasted the entire required time - two halves of 45 minutes, ended with a score of 7:3 in favor of Dynamo. A commentary of the match in Russian and German was recorded at the stadium and the next day, using loudspeakers, it was transmitted to the front line for both Soviet soldiers and Nazis.

The impression from this radio report turned out to be much stronger than from Hitler’s newspapers. Wehrmacht veterans who fought near Leningrad recalled after the war that for them the news that Russians were playing football in this seemingly dead city was a real shock. “Is there anything in the world that can break these people?” - Hitler's soldiers wondered.

Game for life

If the enemy was in a state of shock, then the Leningraders who survived the terrible first winter of the blockade, upon learning about the football match, experienced an incredible surge of strength. The game immediately turned into a legend that spread around the city, acquiring more and more new details.

The Leningrad party leadership realized that it was not mistaken with its propaganda response to the Nazis. Already on May 31, 1942, the next match took place, in which the Leningrad Dynamo met with the team of the N-sky plant (as reported in the newspapers).

This time the game was announced in advance, a number of players known before the war were specially recalled from the front, and the football match became part of the whole sports festival held in besieged city.

The football players ate the same as the residents of besieged Leningrad, only just before the match their rations were specially increased slightly. The participants of the game could hardly stand it physical exercise, but the match was played from start to finish.

In 1991, a memorial plaque with the names of participants in the blockade match on May 31, 1942 was installed at the St. Petersburg Dynamo stadium.

The football players recalled that in the evening after those games, due to unbearable loads, they lay flat, listening to the recording of the match on the radio. They themselves didn’t understand how they managed to play football a few hours ago?

On June 7, 1942, Dynamo and the N-factory team played another match, which ended with a score of 2:2. Under the name “N-sky plant” there was a team hiding, the backbone of which was made up of players from the Leningrad “Zenith”.

Victory

From that moment on, football returned to Leningrad and did not leave until the blockade was lifted.

The Nazis were not only shocked by such resilience and love of life of the inhabitants of the besieged city, but also quite angry.

The Germans deliberately accompanied some matches with artillery shelling, so that players and fans had to pause for a while, hiding in shelters. However, then the matches resumed again.

In January 1944, troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts lifted the blockade of the city on the Neva, which had lasted almost 900 days.

In the same 1944, the national football cup, interrupted by the war, resumed in the Soviet Union. In its final on August 27 at the Moscow Dynamo stadium, in the presence of 70 thousand spectators, the teams of the Leningrad “Zenith” and the capital’s CDKA faced off. Zenit won with a score of 2:1. This victory in 1944 became the only one for Zenit in the history of the USSR Cup.

But this victory is certainly the most deserved in the entire long history of Zenit. After all, it began with a football match in May 1942, in which the city, declared “dead” by its enemies, proved to the whole world that it was alive and unbroken.

After the Battle of Moscow was lost in December 1941, a certain sobering set in Berlin, but “dizziness” began from the first major success in the Kremlin and at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command (VGK). A decision was made, not supported by material resources, to launch a counter-offensive along the entire front with the help of powerful groups of shock armies, including to unblock Leningrad, create a “cauldron” for Army Group Center, and liberate Kharkov and Crimea. The strategic offensive plan of the Red Army was discussed at the beginning of January 1942 at the Supreme Command Headquarters. The essence of the plan was outlined by Joseph Stalin: “The Germans want... to gain time and get a break. Our task is to not give the Germans this respite, to drive them west without stopping, to force them to use up their reserves before the spring, when we will have large new reserves, and the Germans will have no more reserves, and thus ensure , complete defeat of Hitler's troops in 1942 " This decision was not only supported by all front commanders, but they took on increased obligations, including the defeat of the Wehrmacht group “Center”. After the failures of the first year of the war with retreats and “cauldrons,” everyone rushed to the offensive without a critical analysis of the real situation and underestimating the power of the enemy.

To carry out the strategic plan, a special role was assigned to the newly formed shock armies. Operational military formations (shock armies) As a rule, they were in the reserve of the GVK Headquarters and were intended to defeat enemy groups in the main directions. At the beginning of the war, they included tank, mechanized and cavalry corps. They had to be better equipped than conventional armies with tanks, guns and mortars. By the beginning of 1942, five shock armies had been created. Unfortunately, their material support was not always satisfactory. There was a huge shortage of artillery shells. There was not enough aviation to cover the rifle divisions. Due to the lack of rockets to reinforce the shock armies, guards rocket and mortar regiments with the most formidable secret weapon of the famous Katyushas were not allocated from the SVK Reserve.
Only in the subsequent years of the war were the shock armies fully equipped and played an important role in the victory over the Third Reich. The soldiers of the Third Shock Army hoisted the Victory Banner in 1945. Commanding General Colonel, Hero Soviet Union Vasily Kuznetsov previously commanded the First Shock Army, which distinguished itself in the counteroffensive near Moscow and the Demyansk offensive operation of February 1942.

The Fifth Shock Army, led by Colonel General Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Berzin, also stormed Berlin, and the commander became the first commandant of the defeated capital of the Third Reich.

In the winter campaign of 1942, the offensive of Soviet troops on the Volkhov Front was integral part Strategic plan of Headquarters for the release of Leningrad. But the breakthrough of the German front by the Second Shock Army turned into a tragedy. During three months of fighting (January - March 1942), the army changed three commanders. Having broken through the front in a small area near Myasny Bor, the army found itself surrounded without reserves, shells and food in conditions of a spring crossroads and impassability. On June 27, 1942, the front command made the last breakthrough attempt, which ended unsuccessfully, and by the end of July the Second Shock Army ceased to exist. According to various estimates, from 13 to 16 thousand soldiers escaped from the encirclement, mainly at Myasny Bor (“Valley of Death”), the rest were captured (about 27 - 30 thousand people). In total, over 146 thousand Soviet soldiers and officers died during the operation. The commander of the shock army, Lieutenant General Vlasov, who received the army in a hopeless state, surrendered.

Two months earlier in April 1942, on the southern flank of the Wehrmacht group “Center”, when leaving the encirclement of the 33rd Army, commander General Mikhail Efremov (Hero) shot himself (along with his wife) Russian Federation, posthumously, 1996). The Germans, paying tribute to the general's courage, buried him with military honors.

The Supreme High Command Headquarters, operating in the north-western direction, ordered the troops of the Third and Fourth Shock Armies of the Kalinin Front to break through the front in the Velikiye Luki area and further develop an offensive towards Vitebsk and Orsha in order to bypass Smolensk from the west and create a “cauldron” for the Wehrmacht group “Center”. But due to the threat of encirclement, the assigned tasks were not completed.

The Soviet operation to defeat Army Group Center ended in defeat. War stories place the blame for this on the commander of the Western Front, Army General Georgy Zhukov.

Rzhev-Vyazemsk offensive operation (January 8 - April 20, 1942) on the Soviet operational map
The winter campaign of 1942 ended in tragedy for the Red Army, whose losses in the first quarter amounted to 1.8 million (!) people. On the Volkhov Front, the Second Shock Army found itself in a cauldron, the Rzhev-Vyazemsk operation of the Kalinin and Western Fronts ended in failure (Red Army losses - 776 thousand, including 272 thousand irrevocable), the troops of the Crimean Front were almost completely destroyed near Kerch by the rapid counter-offensive of the Wehrmacht . The troops of the Southwestern Front, advancing on Kharkov, were surrounded. The initiative passed to the Wehrmacht, which developed a plan for a strategic summer offensive in the southern direction. “Comrade Molotov had to urgently pack his suitcase, board a strategic bomber and fly to pay his respects to his capitalist uncles...”.

Against the background of the unsuccessful campaign of the Red Army, the Fourth Shock Army, led by Colonel General Andrei Eremenko (future Hero of the Soviet Union and Marshal), distinguished itself. She took part in the counter-offensive near Moscow, and in the winter campaign of 1942 as part of the Kalinin Front. The army has reached best result- broke through the defensive lines of the Wehrmacht and in a month of fighting went deeper by 250 km, liberating the cities of Andreopol and Toropets, and after the capture of Velizh (in the north of the Smolensk region) it reached... the border of the Belarusian SSR.

249th Rifle Division, staffed mainly by border guard soldiers (divisional commander, Major General German Tarasov

I didn’t have the strength to leave the field... Memories of the legendary match that took place in besieged Leningrad on May 31, 1942

BLOCKAGE MATCH.

On May 31, St. Petersburg celebrates the 70th anniversary of an incredible event that has gone down in history forever. According to the official version, on May 31, 1942, at the height of the blockade, a football match was held in Leningrad in which the local Dynamo players met with the team of the Leningrad Metal Plant.

Text Igor Borunov

Almost everyone in St. Petersburg knows this story in one form or another. Having survived the most terrible winter of 1941–1942, besieged Leningrad was just beginning to come to its senses. The Road of Life started working, and up to 200 wagons with food began to arrive in the city every day... It was very important to maintain the faith of Leningraders that everything would end well. And someone up there came up with an idea: in a besieged city they should play football, despite everything. And they played - at the Dynamo stadium on Krestovsky Island.

There are still ongoing debates about which match should be considered the first blockade match. The versions are different. It is widely believed that the real blockade match took place on May 6. The players of the Leningrad Dynamo, they say, met with the team of the Baltic Fleet Crew and won with a score of 7:3. Perhaps this was the case, especially since the direct participants in the events, in particular the goalkeeper and later commentator Viktor Nabutov, insisted on this. But there is much more evidence to consider the first official match to be the game on May 31 between Dynamo and the team representing the Leningrad Metal Plant named after Stalin (LMZ), which included football players from the Leningrad clubs Zenit and Spartak, as well as several workers. For wartime reasons, the name of the rival team of the blue and whites sounded like “team of the N-factory.”

The meeting ended with a convincing victory for Dynamo, who were better prepared for it - 6:0, but a week later in the replay, the N-sky plant almost took revenge, achieving a draw - 2:2. After these matches sport competitions in the besieged city became almost regular.

WHO PLAYED

“Dynamo” – “N-sky Zavod” – 6:0

"Dynamo": Victor Nabutov, Mikhail Atyushin, Valentin Fedorov, Arkady Alov, Konstantin Sazonov, Victor Ivanov, Boris Oreshkin, Evgeny Ulitin, Alexander Fedorov, Anatoly Viktorov, Georgy Moskovtsev.

"N-sky plant": Ivan Kurenkov, Alexander Fesenko, Georgy Medvedev, Anatoly Mishuk, Alexander Zyablikov, Alexey Lebedev, Nikolay Gorelkin, Nikolay Smirnov, Ivan Smirnov, Pyotr Gorbachev, V. Losev.

Judge Pavel Pavlov.

Honored Coach of the USSR German Semenovich Zonin came to Leningrad from Kazan in 1949. On the Volga, he attended matches with the participation of Dynamo and Zenit football players evacuated from Leningrad.

– The Dynamo team was the calling card of the city. Everyone knew and loved them. They were good guys. Friendly team. Her soul was Valentin Fedorov, who played for Dynamo along with his brother Dmitry. Almost the entire Zenit team was evacuated, and only a few of the Dynamo players left for Kazan. They worked at a factory there and played football on Saturdays. There were a lot of people at the matches! They showed great football. I will never forget how Peka Dementyev (at that time a Zenit football player - Ed.) at the request of the public began to make his feints. It was simply impossible to take the ball away from him without fouling,” recalls Zonin.

Zonin met the participants in the blockade matches already in Leningrad, when he began playing for Dynamo.

– We met with goalkeeper Viktor Nabutov at the Dynamo stadium. Nabutov returned after illness, and I trained him every day. Was with Arkady Alov good relations, but when I arrived, he was no longer playing at Dynamo, but at Zenit. I played at Dynamo with Anatoly Viktorov. Then he left - Vsevolod Bobrov took him in, and Viktorov became the champion of the Soviet Union in hockey three times as part of the Air Force. I remember Kostya Sazonov - a handsome guy! Played as a winger. Before matches, he always made a circle around the square in his car. The girls were running after him! And then he returned to the stadium,” says Zonin.

I ask German Semenovich to tell us about the background of the blockade match.

– The war found Dynamo in Tbilisi. They returned to Leningrad and, as one, enlisted in the Red Army. Since they represented the Dynamo society, many worked in the police and the NKVD - they neutralized spies who showed the Germans where to bomb. There was such a young player - Fedor Sychev, a central defender. In the fall of 1941, he was on duty. The bombing began. Seeing an elderly woman who was crossing the road, Fyodor decided to help her go to the shelter. At the moment the shell exploded, he covered her with his body. She remained alive, but he died,” sighs the veteran of domestic football.

In addition to Sychev, the harsh wartime did not spare several other players from that team. Nikolaev, Shapkovsky and Kuzminsky died under different circumstances.

– Valentin Fedorov was a good organizer. He and Alov were entrusted with collecting the players. They called me to the city party committee. Why did you call? Goebbels's propaganda rang out to the whole world that Lenin's city is a city of the dead, the inhabitants are already beginning to engage in cannibalism. Then the city committee decided to hold a football match. Fedorov and Alov were given the task of gathering the football players. The other team was assembled by trade unions. Of course, people were thin and hungry, but they came out to play,” continues Zonin.

“CONSIDER THE GAME AS A COMBAT MISSION”

Unfortunately, none of the direct participants in those events have survived to this day. The last one, Dynamo forward Evgeniy Ulitin, passed away in 2002. It is he who is captured in the only surviving reliable photograph of the blockade match, taken by TASS photojournalist Vasyutinsky. Let us turn to the siege memories of the game organizers, published in newspapers in the 1970s and 1980s.

Valentin FEDOROV, Dynamo midfielder:

– One day, Arkady Alov and I were summoned to the military department of the city party committee. The manager asked which of the football players remained in the city, whose addresses or places of service we know. Seeing our bewilderment, he explained: “The military council of the front decided to hold a football match in the blockaded city and is giving this game great importance. Consider it your most important combat mission." The task was difficult. The Dynamo team actually did not exist then. Six football players were in Kazan, four died, one was seriously injured and evacuated. But the recruitment turned out to be not the most difficult. How to play when you don’t even have enough strength to walk? However, the players gradually gathered, and we began training. We trained twice a week.

Alexander ZYABLIKOV, midfielder and captain of the N-factory team:

– There were quite a few of us, the players of the pre-war Zenit, left in the city in the spring of 1942. Almost everyone worked in the workshops of the Metal Plant. For example, I was the deputy head of the air defense department. Naturally, we didn’t even think about any football. At the beginning of May, I completely accidentally ran into Dynamo player Dmitry Fedorov on the street and, quite unexpectedly, immediately received an offer from him to play with Dynamo. We had more problems with recruitment. We had to gather players from Spartak and other city teams. Some of those included in the squad never took to the field - they were so weak from hunger. Our opponents gave us the uniform. Dynamo, who managed to practice a little, proposed playing two halves of 45 minutes each. The factory workers agreed only to two for 20. “Let’s start with half an hour,” I said, approaching Judge Pavlov. “If we hold out, then it will be all 45 minutes.” We didn’t have a goalkeeper, so defender Ivan Kurenkov stood in at the goal, but we were still missing one more player. Then Dynamo lost their player Ivan Smirnov to us. And yet we survived two halves, because we understood: the city should know that we played.

Before the rematch on June 7, the N-factory team looked for a goalkeeper, Kurenkov took his usual place in defense, and the factory workers almost achieved victory.

The son of Dynamo goalkeeper Viktor Nabutov, commentator, journalist and producer Kirill Nabutov, admitted that his father did not like to talk about the blockade match. But he told the impressions of another Blue and White player - Mikhail Atyushin, an detective officer of the Leningrad police, who before the war played football only at the amateur level.

“I spoke with Mikhail Atyushin, a football player and gymnast who took part in the match and whose name is also on the memorial plaque,” ​​says Nabutov. – One day in May he went to the Dynamo stadium to do gymnastics. I didn’t train in the winter months - the blockade, hunger. I came and met the football players. They tell him: “Oh! It's good that we got you! Let's go play." They played, but he didn’t really remember the details.

“DO NOT KICK OUT – THERE ARE POTATOES”

Beloved by many Leningraders, the Dynamo stadium has hardly changed over the past 70 years, except that instead of large stands, buildings have appeared for other sports.
In 1942, only one of the three reserve fields was suitable for playing football at Dynamo. A German shell fell on the main platform. On the other two they grew rutabaga and cabbage. And only on the third field, to the left of the main entrance, it was possible to play football, although also not without restrictions.

“When they went out onto the field, they were told: try not to kick into touch, because there are potatoes planted there.” Potatoes during a blockade are life. When the first half ended, the players were asked to rest, but they replied that they would not rest, because if they sat down, they would no longer be able to get up, says German Zonin.

The testimonies of the players make it clear how difficult it was for them.

Anatoly MISHUK, Zenit player, midfielder of the N-factory team:

– In the spring, I was placed in a factory hospital in the last stage of dystrophy. When I came out of there, Zyablikov found me and said that there would be a game. It seems that I was the weakest of our lot. I remember this episode: there is a weak long transmission. I, as I did hundreds of times in pre-war matches, take the ball with my head, and he... knocks me down.

“THE WAR IS OUTSIDE, AND THERE IS SOME
SHANTRAPA IS RUNNING THE BALL!”

Information about how many fans were at the game is reported by different sources - from several dozen wounded from a nearby hospital to 350 graduates of command courses. Before the war, Dynamo were the favorites of the city, they were known by sight, but the hardships of the blockade changed people beyond recognition. The Leningraders who found themselves at the meeting site were extremely amazed when they realized who was in front of them.

Evgeniy Ulitin, Dynamo player:

“On the eve of the game, the unit where I served as a communications sergeant received a telephone message saying that I needed to come to the match. Early morning I hitched a ride to Leningrad and got off the truck near Palace Square. Then I walked to the stadium. There I hugged my comrades, picked up my boots and uniform. “There’s a war outside, and here’s some scoundrel kicking a ball!” – the fans were indignant. They simply did not recognize their recent idols. In the first minutes, neither our legs nor the ball obeyed us. But the guys slowly got excited, and the game started. “Bah! Yes, this is Oreshkin! Nabutov! Fedorov! – was heard from the stands, which immediately thawed and began to cheer to the fullest. Despite the warm day, it was difficult to play; at the end of the match my legs were cramping. However, most of the Dynamo players had much more strength than our rivals. In addition, there was a field player in their goal. This largely explains the large score. As the game progressed, I wanted to make a change, but we had great difficulty recruiting people for two teams. The meeting participants left the field hugging each other. And not only because they were proud of each other - it was just easier to walk. I returned to my unit near Shlisselburg and could barely walk for two weeks.

The football players perfectly understood the importance of the mission entrusted to them. It was necessary to disgrace fascist propaganda and give the city hope for a peaceful life.

Valentin FEDOROV:

- It was difficult. And the muscles hurt terribly, and the ball seemed heavier than usual. And he didn't fly that far. But all this was nothing compared to the mood. We understood how important it was to just play...

Indeed, the radio report about the game, which appeared the next day, was greeted with extraordinary enthusiasm on the front lines. Former Dynamo striker Nikolai Svetlov wrote about this in a letter: “I will never forget the day when, in the trenches in the Sinyavinsky swamps, 500 meters from the Germans, I heard a report from the Dynamo stadium.” At first I didn't believe it. He ran to the dugout to the radio operators. They confirmed: that’s right, they are broadcasting football. What happened to the soldiers! Everyone was excited."

MYTHS AND LEGENDS

Around the blockade match, or rather blockade matches - we know that there were several of them - there is a lot of dubious information, and sometimes outright speculation. But what is important is that in the difficult year of 1942, in besieged Leningrad, they actually played football, and more than once. At the same time, a number of photographs of the supposedly blockade match have no relation to it, since they depict a game at the dilapidated Lenin Stadium, and not at Dynamo. There was and could not be a direct radio broadcast to the Soviet and German trenches. On the radio they talked about the game in a recording.

“There was no reporting on the enemy trenches,” says Kirill Nabutov. - Intelligence was working. In the case of live reporting, the Germans would instantly determine where the match was taking place and could easily fire at a crowded area. And so there were shots, but far away. A shell fell a few hundred meters away, and that was all. As always, reality is more modest than the legends that accompany it. I spoke with the Austrian communist Fritz Fuchs. During the siege, he worked on Leningrad radio, broadcasting propaganda news broadcasts in German that were broadcast to enemy troops. Someone on the radio told him: “Did you hear? Yesterday we played football at Dynamo” - “What are you talking about? Of course I’ll tell you about it!” And in the news broadcast he reported on the match. There were many blockade matches.

“In 2018, TO THE MONUMENT TO FOOTBALL PLAYERS-
FLOWERS WILL BE LAID TO THE BLOCKAGE DEVICES"

On May 31, on the 70th anniversary of the legendary match, a monument will be unveiled next to the field where the game took place: two fighting football players, next to it there is a bench on which flowers and military uniforms lie. St. Petersburg TV commentator Gennady Orlov hopes that the matter will not be limited to the opening of the monument and the memorial plaque that appeared in 1991.

– Can you imagine, the 2018 World Cup will be attended by football players and fans from the most different countries and lay flowers in memory of the victory of the spirit. The participants in the blockade match were dystrophic. They said, “You better not give us a half-time break, because if we stop, we won’t be able to get up.” I had the honor of knowing many of the participants in the match. Amazing people - such inner beauty! This must be glorified, and there must be a museum,” Orlov is convinced.

This is by no means a revenge of the German imperialists for the lost First War. The Second World War was an attempt to replace capitalism with an alternative system...
Hitler tried to impose his version of globalization on the world, his model of a socialist structure of the world. And in this he was no different from Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin. All of them are supporters of the world revolution; they saw its solution in a world war. The socialism of Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and Hitler's national socialism are focused on world war. Without it, they could not survive for long either in the world or within “their” countries. (Gavriil Popov, Nikita Adzhubey.

(Five elections of Nikita Khrushchev (magazine version) // Science and Life, 2008)

Events of World War II in 1942. Briefly

• January 5 - (until March 21, 1943) the beginning of the Battle of Rzhev, three major offensive operations of the Red Army, costing it almost half a million dead
  
• January 8 - the end of the counter-offensive of the Red Army near Moscow, the Tula, Ryazan and Moscow regions, some areas of the Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions were liberated, but it was not possible to defeat Army Group Center
• January 11 - Japanese troops occupied Kula Lumpur (today the capital of Malaysia, and then the administrative center of the colony of British Malaya)
• January 14 - Pravda published K. Simonov’s poem “Wait for Me”
  
• January 20 - at a conference in Wannsee (Berlin region), Hitler decided to
• January 20 - Japanese troops invaded Burma (a British colony, today Myanmar)
• January 21 - another offensive of German troops in Libya, retreat of the British
• February 1 - a pro-German government was created in Norway under the leadership of V. Quisling
• February 7-15 - Japanese landing captured Singapore (the main British naval base in Southeast Asia), 70,000 prisoners
• February 11 - new supply standards were introduced in besieged Leningrad: 500 grams of bread for workers, 400 for employees, 300 for children and non-workers
• February 13 - Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the mobilization of the able-bodied urban population for work in production and construction during wartime”: “Men from 16 to 55 years old and women from 16 to 45 years old from among not working in government institutions and enterprises"
• February 16-March 23 - Japanese occupation of Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Borneo, North Sumatra, Nicobar and Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, surrender of Dutch troops in Indonesia
• February 22 - writer Stefan Zweig and his wife committed suicide in the small Brazilian city of Petropolis.
• March 5 — the first performance of Dmitry Shostakovich’s Seventh (“Leningrad”) Symphony took place at the Leningrad Philharmonic
  
• March 15 - Italian Football Championship "Roma" - "Fiorentina" 1:0, "Genoa" - "Milan" 1:1
• March 21 - Internment of Japanese from Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States begins in concentration camps out of fear that they might side with Japan. US citizens of Japanese descent who were born in America and had reached adulthood by the outbreak of World War II, and Japanese who lived on the East Coast, were not affected by deportation. The 442nd strike detachment, formed from them, which fought in Europe, received greatest number awards throughout the history of the American army and the nickname “Purple Heart Battalion” (after the name of the award given for one combat wound)
• April 9 - Surrender of American troops in the Philippines
• April 18 - American bombing of Tokyo
• May 3 - Budapest. Friendly football match between Germany and Hungary
• May 4-8 - Battle of the Coral Sea (south of New Guinea and Solomon Islands) - a turning point in military operations in the Pacific Ocean, the first naval battle in which aircraft carriers opposed each other, the end of the unchallenged dominance of Japanese naval aviation
• May 12 - The offensive of the Red Army began near Kharkov, ending in defeat and a retaliatory offensive of the Nazis in the direction of the Volga and the Caucasus
• May 15 - Sobibur death camp began operating in southeastern Poland near the village of Sobibur.
• May 26 - after an assassination attempt by Czech saboteurs, the German governor of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich, died on May 24
• July 3 - Order of the Supreme High Command to stop the defense of Sevastopol
  
• June 4-5 - the battle of the Midway Atoll of the Japanese and American fleets, the defeat of the Japanese, after which the strategic initiative in the war in the Pacific passed to the US Army. Midway is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean, about a third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo.
• June 10 - in retaliation for the death of Heydrich, the Nazis killed 176 men over 16 years old in the Czech village of Lidice near Prague, women and children were sent to a concentration camp
• June 21 - Rommel's army occupied the Libyan port of Torbuk, the Allies retreat to El Alamein in Northern Egypt
• July 21 - Japanese landing on the island of Papua New Guinea
• July 24 - Rostov-on-Don is occupied by the Germans
• June 28-July 24 - Voronezh-Voroshilovgrad operation of troops of the Bryansk, Voronezh, South-Western and Southern Fronts against the German Army Group "South"
• July 17 - the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad
• July 22 - 80 km. Treblinka 2 extermination camp created outside of Warsaw
• July 28 - Stavka order No. 227, prohibiting any retreat under threat of execution, introducing penal and barrage battalions in the Red Army
• August 5 (or 6) - Janusz Korczak and children from the orphanage he headed died in the Treblinka concentration camp
• August 7 (until February 1943) - the beginning of the battle of the Allies and the Japanese army for the island of Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), after the defeat in which the Japanese fought only defensive battles in the Pacific theater of operations
• August 11 - the beginning of the extermination of Jews in Zmievskaya Balka in Rostov-on-Don. About 27,000 victims
• September 4 - the publication of A. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” begins in the newspaper of the Western Front “Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda”
• September 23-November 4 - the Battle of El Alamein, in which the Italian-German troops were defeated, after which the initiative in the war in North Africa passed to the allies
• October 14 - order of the German General Staff on the transition of the Eastern Front troops to strategic defense
• November 6 - Vichy French forces' resistance to the British on the island of Madagascar is broken
• November 6 - Czech People's League football match. "Slavia" - "Sparta" (Prague). 33,000 people in the stadium
• November 7 - American and British forces land in Algeria and Morocco; by the end of the month, Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia are occupied by the allies
• November 11 - Hitler's order to occupy the rest of France, the next day - the Germans in Marseille
• November 19 - the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet army near Stalingrad
• November 25-27 - the beginning of the offensive of the Soviet Army of the Northern Group of the Transcaucasian Front, Kalinin and Western Fronts (Rzhev-Sychevsk and Velikoluksk offensive operations)
• November 26-27 - in the city of Bihac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) the First Session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation of Yugoslavia was held and the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia was created
• November 29 - restrictions on trade and consumption of coffee are introduced in the United States
• November - creation of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia
• December 5 - commissioning of the most powerful blast furnace in Europe at the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant
  December - football match of the Danish championship "AB" - "B-93". 27,000 spectators
• December 16-30 - successful offensive of the troops of the Southwestern and Voronezh fronts on the Middle Don
• December 19 - the beginning of the British offensive in Burma

Construction of the stadium in Petrovsky Park began in 1923 according to the design of architects Alexander Langman and Leonid Cherikover, work proceeded at an accelerated pace and in 1928 the Dynamo stadium opened for the first All-Union Spartakiad. The stadium was originally shaped like a horseshoe, but already in 1935 the East Stand was built, enclosing the stadium. From that time on, the Dynamo Stadium accommodated 54 thousand spectators and until the opening of Luzhniki it remained the main arena of the country. Today it is the oldest Moscow stadium.

"Dynamo" became the home arena of the Moscow team of the same name football club, the first Dynamo match at the new stadium took place on May 19, 1929. In the USSR, sport was an ideology, not entertainment for spectators. Everyone from young to old passed sports standards, preparing for labor and defense. The whole country knew the names of the champions different types sports Although Dynamo is primarily known as a football stadium, before the war it hosted bicycle and motorcycle races, all-Union championships in athletics and speed skating, bandy matches.

"Dynamo" before reconstruction. 1934: https://pastvu.com/p/79123

The facade of the lobby of the Dynamo metro station is decorated with bas-reliefs with images of athletes and athletes

Ticket booths at the stadium

During the Great Patriotic War, soldiers were trained in a carefully guarded stadium and detachments of OMSBON (a separate special purpose motorized rifle brigade) were formed, which were then sent to enemy lines. Shooters and snipers trained in the shooting range, and young spruce trees were planted on the football field, probably for the purpose of camouflage from air reconnaissance.

"Dynamo". 1942-1944: https://pastvu.com/p/1765

"Dynamo". Celebrating the 800th anniversary of Moscow. 1947: https://pastvu.com/p/450639

On June 3, 1945, the first peacetime football match took place at the Dynamo Central Stadium. In the 1950s, football was unrivaled; newsreels have been preserved of how huge queues line up at the ticket office, how crowds of people besiege the stadium gates and how crowded stands react emotionally as they watch the ups and downs of the match. Then a song appeared based on the verses of Lev Oshanin: “But all of Moscow stubbornly goes straight to Dynamo, forgetting about the rain...”

"Dynamo". 1957: https://pastvu.com/p/65508

In 1964, an electronic light board was installed at the stadium. Before this, banners with team names were hung on information towers, and when goals were scored, giant numbers of the match score were manually changed.

"Dynamo". 1980: https://pastvu.com/p/802807

Everything is old for the Moscow Olympics athletic facilities were reconstructed, in particular, lighting masts appeared at Dynamo, which made it possible to broadcast television in color. Within football tournament During the 1980 Olympics, seven matches were played here. Spectators were then seated on wooden benches; plastic chairs appeared here in 1998, which is why the capacity of the stadium was sharply reduced.

The press box is a cult place; Vadim Sinyavsky and Nikolai Ozerov conducted their reports from here.

A monument was unveiled at the entrance to the North Stand in 1999 the greatest goalkeeper Lev Yashin, who gained fame in games for the USSR national team, and in club tournaments defended the colors of Dynamo Moscow.

Football commentator Vasily Utkin

To football

On November 22, 2008, the stadium hosted farewell match(in a historic match, the capital's Dynamo played with Tom), and in 2009, a major reconstruction of the stadium began. It is planned to demolish some buildings, in place of which two new ones will be built sports complex, offices, hotel and residential complex with class “A” apartments. There will be retail space underground, and a retractable roof will allow Dynamo to host concerts. After reconstruction, the arena's capacity will be 45,000 spectators. The author of the project is Dutchman Eric van Egeraat and Russian Mikhail Posokhin, head of the Mosproekt-2 Institute. The total area of ​​the sports part will be more than 200 thousand square meters, and the total area of ​​the commercial part will be twice as large - more than 450 thousand square meters. After reconstruction, the stadium will be called VTB Arena central Stadium Dynamo" (construction work is carried out at the expense of investments from this bank).

Photos from 2008 show the Dynamo stadium immediately after the farewell match

Three years have passed. The lighting masts were dismantled, the stands were dismantled and construction came to a standstill. But at the beginning of February 2012, construction equipment came to the stadium again. According to the plan, the stadium should be ready to host football matches already in 2016, and in 2018 the FIFA World Cup games will take place here.