Respect for horses. “Good attitude towards horses” V. Mayakovsky. Topic: From the literature of the 20th century

In 1918, the poet wrote the poem “Good Treatment of Horses,” in which he compared himself to a hunted nag, which became the subject of universal ridicule. According to eyewitnesses, Mayakovsky actually witnessed an unusual incident on the Kuznetsky Bridge, when an old red mare slipped on the icy pavement and “fell on her rump.” Dozens of onlookers immediately came running, pointing their fingers at the unfortunate animal and laughing, as its pain and helplessness gave them obvious pleasure. Only Mayakovsky, passing by, did not join the joyful and hooting crowd, but looked into the horse’s eyes, from which “behind the drops of droplets rolls down the muzzle, hiding in the fur.” The author is struck not by the fact that the horse cries just like a human, but by a certain “animal melancholy” in its look. Therefore, the poet mentally turned to the animal, trying to cheer him up and console him. “Baby, we are all a little bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in our own way,” the author began to persuade his unusual interlocutor.

The red mare seemed to feel the participation and support from the person, “rushed, stood up, neighed and walked.” Simple human sympathy gave her the strength to cope with a difficult situation, and after such unexpected support, “everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living, and it was worth working.” It was precisely this kind of attitude from people towards himself that the poet himself dreamed of, believing that even ordinary attention to his person, not covered in the halo of poetic glory, would give him strength to live and move forward. But, unfortunately, those around him saw Mayakovsky primarily as a famous writer, and no one was interested in his inner world, fragile and contradictory. This depressed the poet so much that for the sake of understanding, friendly participation and sympathy, he was ready to happily change places with the red horse. Because among the huge crowd of people there was at least one person who showed compassion for her, something that Mayakovsky could only dream of.

The hooves beat
It was as if they sang:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell!
- The horse fell! —
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...

The street has turned over
flows in its own way...

I came up and saw -
Behind the chapels of the chapels
rolls down the face,
hiding in the fur...

And some general
animal melancholy
splashes poured out of me
and blurred into a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
Why do you think that you are worse than these?
Baby,
we are all a little bit of a horse,
Each of us is a horse in our own way.”
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to go well with her,
only
horse
rushed
got to her feet,
neighed
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
The cheerful one came,
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she's a foal
and it was worth living,
and it was worth the work.

Vladimir Mayakovsky
Anthology of Russian poetry

Mayakovsky wrote the poem “A Good Treatment for Horses” in 1918. It is known that Mayakovsky, like no other poet, accepted the revolution and was completely captured by the events associated with it. He had a clear civic position, and the artist decided to dedicate his art to the revolution and the people who made it. But in everyone’s life, not only the sun shines. And although the poets of that time were people in demand, Mayakovsky, as an intelligent and sensitive person, understood that it is necessary and possible to serve the Fatherland with creativity, but the crowd does not always understand the poet. In the end, not only any poet, but also any person remains lonely.

Theme of the poem: the story of a horse that “crashed” onto the cobblestone street, apparently from fatigue and because the road was slippery. A fallen and crying horse is a kind of double of the author: “Baby, we are all a little bit of a horse.”
People, having seen a fallen horse, continue to go about their business, and compassion and a merciful attitude towards a defenseless creature have disappeared. And only the lyrical hero felt “some kind of general animal melancholy.”

Good attitude towards horses
The hooves beat
It was as if they sang:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell!
- The horse fell! -
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...

Read by G. Sorokin
Georgy Vasilyevich Sorokin (October 25, 1916, Kislovodsk - August 19, 2010, Moscow) - Russian actor, master of artistic expression, People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893 – 1930)
Russian Soviet poet. Born in Georgia, in the village of Baghdadi, in the family of a forester.
From 1902 he studied at a gymnasium in Kutaisi, then in Moscow, where after the death of his father he moved with his family. In 1908 he left the gymnasium, devoting himself to underground revolutionary work. At the age of fifteen he joined the RSDLP(b) and carried out propaganda tasks. He was arrested three times, and in 1909 he was in Butyrka prison in solitary confinement. There he began to write poetry. Since 1911 he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Having joined the Cubo-Futurists, in 1912 he published his first poem, “Night,” in the futurist collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”
The theme of the tragedy of human existence under capitalism permeates Mayakovsky’s major works of the pre-revolutionary years - the poems “Cloud in Pants”, “Spine Flute”, “War and Peace”. Even then, Mayakovsky sought to create poetry of “squares and streets” addressed to the broad masses. He believed in the imminence of the coming revolution.
Epic and lyric poetry, striking satire and ROSTA propaganda posters - all this variety of Mayakovsky’s genres bears the stamp of his originality. In the lyrical epic poems “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” and “Good!” the poet embodied the thoughts and feelings of a person in a socialist society, the features of the era. Mayakovsky powerfully influenced the progressive poetry of the world - Johannes Becher and Louis Aragon, Nazim Hikmet and Pablo Neruda studied with him. In the later works “Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” there is a powerful satire with dystopian elements on Soviet reality.
In 1930, he committed suicide, unable to bear the internal conflict with the “bronze” Soviet age; in 1930, he was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

The young futurist poet created Vladimir Mayakovsky’s poem “Good Treatment of Horses” after the revolution, in 1918. Feeling like an outcast in the society around him, Mayakovsky accepted the revolution with great enthusiasm, hoping for significant changes both in his life and in the lives of ordinary people, but he soon became disillusioned with its ideals, concluding for himself that although the political system has undergone changes, the majority of people have remained the same. Stupidity, cruelty, treachery and mercilessness remained the priority of the majority of representatives of almost all social classes, and it was impossible to do anything about it. The new state, promoting the primacy of equality and justice, was to Mayakovsky’s liking, but the people around him, who caused him suffering and pain, often received in response his evil ridicule and caustic jokes, which acted as a defensive reaction of the young poet to the insults of the crowd.

Problems of the work

The poem was created by Mayakovsky after he himself witnessed how “a horse fell on its croup” on the icy pavement of the Kuznetsky Bridge. In his characteristic straightforward manner, he shows the reader how this happened and describes how the crowd who came running reacted to this, for which this incident seemed very comical and funny: “the laughter rang and tinkled: - The horse fell! The horse has fallen! “Kuznetsky laughed.”

And only one author, who happened to be passing nearby, did not want to become part of the crowd hooting and making fun of the poor creature. He was struck by the “animal melancholy” that lurked in the depths horse eyes, and he wanted to somehow support and cheer up the poor animal. Mentally, he asked her to stop crying and consoled her with the words: “Baby, we are all a little bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in our own way.”

And the red mare, as if feeling and understanding his kindness and warm participation in her fate, rises to her feet and moves on. The words of support that she received from a random passer-by give her the strength to overcome her problems, she again feels young and energetic, ready to continue the difficult, sometimes backbreaking hard labor: “And everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living, and it was worth working "

Composition and artistic techniques

To convey the atmosphere of tragic loneliness, the author uses various artistic techniques: sound writing (transmitting a description of an object through the sounds it makes) - the sound of horse hooves “mushroom, rake, coffin, rough”, alliteration - repetition of consonant sounds [l], [g], [r ], [b] to create for readers a sound picture of a horse clopping along the city pavement, assonance - the repetition of vowel sounds [u], [i], [a] helps to convey the sounds of the crowd “The horse has fallen! The horse has fallen!”, horse cries of pain and screams of onlookers.

The use of neologisms (kleshit, kaplishche, opita, ploshe) as well as vivid metaphors (the street overturned, melancholy poured out, laughter rang out) gives special sensuality and originality to Mayakovsky’s work. The poem is rich in various rhymes:

• Truncated inaccurate(bad - horse, onlooker - tinkling), according to Mayakovsky, it led to unexpected associations, the appearance of atypical images and ideas, which he really liked;
• Unequally complex(wool - rustling, stall - standing);
• Composite(howl to him - in my own way, I alone - the horses);
• Homonemic(went - adjective, went - verb).

Mayakovsky compared himself to this driven, old horse, whose problems are laughed at and mocked by everyone who is too lazy. Like this red working mare, he needed simple human participation and understanding, dreamed of the most ordinary attention to his personality, which would help him live, give him strength, energy and inspiration to move forward along his difficult and sometimes very thorny creative path.

It’s a pity, but the poet’s inner world, distinguished by its depth, fragility and contradictions, was of no particular interest to anyone, not even his friends, which later led to the tragic death of the poet. But in order to get at least a little friendly participation, to earn simple human understanding and warmth, Mayakovsky was not even against changing places with an ordinary horse.

Topic: From the literature of the 20th century

Lesson: Poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude towards horses"

Tall, broad-shouldered, with courageous and sharp features, Mayakovsky was in fact a very kind, gentle and vulnerable person. He loved animals very much (Fig. 1).

It is known that he could not pass by a stray cat or dog, he picked them up and placed them with friends. One day, 6 dogs and 3 cats lived in his room at the same time, one of which soon gave birth to kittens. The landlady ordered this menagerie to be immediately closed, and Mayakovsky hastily began to look for new owners for the pets.

Rice. 1. Photo. Mayakovsky with a dog ()

One of the most heartfelt declarations of love for “our smaller brothers” - perhaps in all world literature - we will find in Mayakovsky:

I love animals.

You will see a little dog -

there's one at the bakery -

complete baldness -

and then I’m ready to get the liver.

I don't feel sorry, darling

From the biography of V. Mayakovsky, we know that he studied in Moscow at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and at the same time was interested in a new direction in art, called FUTURISM, and socialist ideas.

Futurism(from Latin futurum - future) - the general name of the artistic avant-garde movements of the 1910s - early 1920s. XX century, primarily in Italy and Russia. The manifesto of the Russian futurists was called “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste” (1912)

Futurists believed that literature should seek new themes and forms. In their opinion, a modern poet must defend his rights. Here is their list:

1. To increase the vocabulary in its volume with arbitrary and derivative words (word-innovation)

2. An insurmountable hatred of the language that existed before them

3. With horror, remove from your proud brow the wreath of penny glory you made from the bath brooms

4. Stand on the rock of the word “we” amid a sea of ​​whistles and indignation

Futurists experimented with words, creating their own neologisms. So, for example, the futurist Khlebnikov came up with the name of the Russian futurists - Budutlyans (people of the future).

For participation in revolutionary circles, Mayakovsky was arrested three times, last time Spent 11 months in prison. It was during this period that Mayakovsky decided to take literature seriously. In Aseev’s poem “Mayakovsky Begins” (Fig. 2), this period of the poet’s life is described in the following words:

Rice. 2. Illustration for Aseev’s poem “Mayakovsky Begins” ()

And here he comes out:

big, long-legged,

splashed

glacial rain,

under the wide-brimmed

sagging hat

under a cloak polished by poverty.

There's no one around.

Only prison is behind us.

Lantern to lantern.

Not a penny for my soul...

Only Moscow smells

hot rolls,

let the horse fall

breathing sideways.

The mention of a horse in this passage is not accidental. One of the best poems of early Mayakovsky was Poem "Good attitude towards horses"(Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Illustration for Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses” ()

Plot it was prompted by life itself.

Once V.V. Mayakovsky witnessed a street incident that was not uncommon in the famine-stricken Moscow of 1918: an exhausted horse fell onto the icy pavement.

June 9, 1918 in the Moscow edition of the newspaper “ New life» No. 8 a poem by V.V. was published. Mayakovsky "Good attitude towards horses."

The poem is unusual in form and content. Firstly, the stanza is unusual, when a poetic line is broken and the continuation is written on a new line. This technique was called “Mayakovsky’s ladder” and was explained by him in the article “ How to make poetry?" The poet believed that such a recording gives the poem the necessary rhythm.

Images in Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses.”

Conclusion: in the poem Mayakovsky raises the moral problem of the cruelty and indifference of the world towards the living soul. However, despite this, the idea of ​​the poem is optimistic. If the horse found the strength to rise and stand in the stall, then the poet draws a conclusion for himself: no matter what, it’s worth living and working.

Means of artistic expression

Expanded metaphor. Unlike a simple metaphor, an expanded one contains a figurative resemblance to a certain life phenomenon and is revealed throughout the segment or the entire poem.

For example:

1. Experienced by the wind,

shod with ice,

the street was slipping.

2. And some general

animal melancholy

splashes poured out of me

and blurred into a rustle.

Stylistic devices: assonance and alliteration. These are phonetic techniques that allow you to draw or convey an event with sounds.

Assonance:

The horse fell! -

The horse fell! -

With the help of vowels, the poet conveys the cry of the crowd, or perhaps the neighing of a horse, its cry. Or the cry of a lyrical hero? These lines sound pain, moaning, anxiety.

Alliteration:

huddled together

the laughter rang and jingled

With the help of consonants, the poet conveys the unpleasant laughter of the crowd. The sounds are annoying, like the squeak of a rusty wheel.

Onomatopoeia- one of the types of sound recording: the use of phonetic combinations that can convey the sound of the described phenomena

For example:

The hooves were beating.

It was as if they sang:

By using two-syllable and one-syllable words with repeated sounds, the poet creates the sound effect of a galloping horse.

Features of rhyme

V. Mayakovsky was in many ways a pioneer, reformer, and experimenter. His poem “Being Good to Horses” surprises with its richness, variety and originality of rhyme.

For example:

Truncated, inaccurate: worse - horse, onlooker - tinkled

Unequally complex: in wool - in a rustle, stall - stood

Composite: howl to him - in your own way

Homonymous: went - short adjective and went - verb.

Thus, the author uses various literary techniques to create a vivid, emotional picture that will not leave anyone indifferent. This feature is inherent in all of Mayakovsky’s work. Mayakovsky saw his purpose, first of all, in influencing readers. That is why M. Tsvetaeva called him “the world’s first poet of the masses,” and Platonov “the master of the universal great life.”

Bibliography

1. Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. — 2008.
2. Tishchenko O.A. Homework on literature for grade 7 (for the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). — 2012.
3. Kuteinikova N.E. Literature lessons in 7th grade. — 2009.
Source).

Homework

1. Expressively read the poem by V. Mayakovsky “Good attitude towards horses.” What is special about the rhythm of this poem? Was it easy for you to read? Why?
2. Find the author's words in the poem. How are they educated?
3. Find examples of extended metaphor, hyperbole, pun, assonance, and alliteration in the poem.
4. Find the lines that express the idea of ​​the poem.

Mayakovsky "Good attitude towards horses"
It seems to me that there are not and cannot be people who are indifferent to poetry. When we read poems in which poets share their thoughts and feelings with us, talk about joy and sadness, delight and sorrow, we suffer, worry, dream and rejoice with them. I think that such a strong response feeling awakens in people when reading poems because it is the poetic word that embodies the deepest meaning, the greatest capacity, maximum expressiveness and extraordinary emotional coloring.
Also V.G. Belinsky noted that a lyrical work can neither be retold nor interpreted. Reading poetry, we can only dissolve in the feelings and experiences of the author, enjoy the beauty of the poetic images he creates and listen with rapture to the unique musicality of beautiful poetic lines!
Thanks to the lyrics, we can understand, feel and recognize the personality of the poet himself, his spiritual mood, his worldview.
Here, for example, is Mayakovsky’s poem “Good Treatment of Horses,” written in 1918. The works of this period are rebellious in nature: mocking and disdainful intonations are heard in them, the poet’s desire to be a “stranger” in a world alien to him is felt, but it seems to me that behind all this lies the vulnerable and lonely soul of a romantic and maximalist.
Passionate aspiration for the future, the dream of transforming the world is the main motive of all Mayakovsky’s poetry. Having first appeared in his early poems, changing and developing, it passes through all of his work. The poet is desperately trying to draw the attention of all people living on Earth to the problems that concern him, to awaken ordinary people who do not have high spiritual ideals. The poet calls on people to have compassion, empathy, and sympathy for those who are nearby. It is precisely indifference, inability and unwillingness to understand and regret that he exposes in the poem “A Good Treatment for Horses.”
In my opinion, no one can describe the ordinary phenomena of life as expressively as Mayakovsky in just a few words. Here, for example, is a street. The poet uses only six words, but what an expressive picture they paint:
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice,
the street was slipping.
Reading these lines, in reality I see a winter, windswept street, an icy road along which a horse gallops, confidently clattering its hooves. Everything moves, everything lives, nothing is at rest.
And suddenly... the horse fell. It seems to me that everyone who is next to her should freeze for a moment, and then immediately rush to help. I want to shout: “People! Stop, because someone next to you is unhappy!” But no, the indifferent street continues to move, and only
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell! -
- The horse fell!
Together with the poet, I am ashamed of these people who are indifferent to the grief of others; I understand his disdainful attitude towards them, which he expresses with his main weapon - in a word: their laughter “rings” unpleasantly, and the hum of their voices is like a “howl”. Mayakovsky opposes himself to this indifferent crowd; he does not want to be part of it:
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...
Even if the poet ended his poem with this last line, he, in my opinion, would have already said a lot. His words are so expressive and weighty that anyone would see bewilderment, pain and fear in the “horse eyes”. I would have seen and helped, because it is impossible to pass by when a horse has
behind the chapels chapels
rolls down the face,
hiding in the fur...
Mayakovsky addresses the horse, comforting it as he would console a friend:
Horse, don't.
Horse, listen -
Why do you think that you are worse than them?
The poet affectionately calls her “baby” and says piercingly beautiful words filled with philosophical meaning:
we are all a little bit of a horse
Each of us is a horse in our own way.
And the animal, encouraged and believing in its own strength, gains a second wind:
horse
rushed
got to her feet,
neighed
and went.
At the end of the poem, Mayakovsky no longer denounces indifference and selfishness, he ends it life-affirmingly. The poet seems to be saying: “Don’t give in to difficulties, learn to overcome them, believe in your strength, and everything will be fine!” And it seems to me that the horse hears him:
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
The cheerful one came,
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she's a foal
and it was worth living,
and it was worth the work.
I was very moved by this poem. It seems to me that it cannot leave anyone indifferent! I think that everyone should read it thoughtfully, because if they do this, then there will be much fewer selfish, evil people on Earth who are indifferent to the misfortune of others!