Dynamo Stadium 1942 that was planted. Bowls filled with excitement and mystery. History of the oldest Moscow stadiums. Text Igor Borunov

Over its 85 years, the Dynamo stadium has played a big role in the history of Russian football, and indeed the entire country. It was built in 1928 according to the design of architects Alexander Langman and Leonid Cherikover for the All-Union Spartakiad. In just a couple of years, the Dynamo stadium grew up in one of the most beautiful corners of old Moscow.

At first, it had the shape of a horseshoe half a kilometer long - a structure unprecedented in scale for that time. The stadium could accommodate about 40 thousand spectators; before its appearance, the players of the Moscow Dynamo club could not even dream of this. The stadium opened on August 17, 1928. On the same day, the first football match between the national teams of Belarus and workers' clubs of Switzerland took place here.

Attempts to hold matches under electric lighting have been made since 1933. And in 1940, high towers with floodlights were finally installed in the corners of the stadium. The first match under the lights took place at the Dynamo stadium on November 8, 1940. The hosts of the snow-covered field hosted Dynamo from Riga. The Muscovites beat the guests with the second team with a score of 4:2. But the first final of the USSR Cup under electric lighting was held at the Dynamo stadium only on October 10, 1953.

Over time, the stadium required modernization. Reconstruction lasted from the autumn of 1934 to the beginning of 1936. “Dynamo” has become even more spacious and comfortable, the horseshoe has turned into an oval. And in 1938, a small stadium for 10 thousand spectators was also built here. Sports complex grew and developed, but then the war began. On June 19, 1941, the last peaceful match took place at the stadium; within the framework of the USSR Dynamo Championship, Moscow hosted Traktor Stalingrad. The game ended in a draw with a score of 1:1. 30 thousand spectators watched the game.

1941 - 1944, military training camp

During the war, the stadium is carefully camouflaged; there are no athletes here anymore. Except that snipers and shooters were practicing at the shooting range. At Dynamo, special detachments of the famous separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes or OMSBON are formed.

For camouflage during the war, spruce trees were planted on Dynamo.

First after long break the match took place at the stadium on July 18, 1944. As part of the capital championship, Dynamo won against Torpedo with a score of 3 - 2. Until 1956, when the Luzhniki Stadium was built, Dynamo remained the main arena of the country.

On that day, for the first time in the USSR, a live television broadcast was staged. football match. On June 29, 1949, the first match in the USSR was held at the Dynamo stadium, which spectators could watch at home. The entire meeting was broadcast live. At the Dynamo stadium, CDKA defeated Dynamo Minsk with a score of 4:1. The match was commentated by radio announcer Vadim Sinyavsky. And after that, live broadcasting and the general presence of television became the norm at all major events.

Dynamo Stadium. 1949

1980 XXII Olympic games

From 1977 to 1979, Dynamo was again reconstructed. The stadium is being prepared for the 1980 Moscow Olympics. The large stadium hosts football matches, and small arena Matches of the Olympic field hockey tournament are taking place. The team of the country of the Soviets welcomes football players from Cuba and Kuwait to Dynamo.

Here Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia meet in the semi-finals. In total, the stadium hosted 7 Olympic tournament meetings. And on August 1, 1980, with 45 thousand spectators, the USSR national team beat Yugoslavia in the match for third place with a score of 2:0. Czechoslovakia won Olympic gold, and the GDR team won silver.

Dynamo Stadium after reconstruction for the 1980 Olympics.

After the Olympics, the stadium began to be used as a concert venue. The legendary band Deep Purple performed for the first time in Russia at a festival organized by the Europe Plus radio station. On June 23, 1996, at the Dynamo stadium, at a rock concert they also sang Status Quo, “Nautilus - Pompilius”, “The Untouchables”, “Moral Code”. Deep Purple lit up the audience for 1.5 hours; 20 thousand fans came to see them. By the way, the festival was originally planned for the 22nd, but Yeltsin issued a decree to postpone the concert, since this was the day the war began.

It was here, at Dynamo, that Michael Jackson performed in 1996, during his second visit to Russia as part of the HIStory world tour. It was a huge event. The stadium, designed for 54 thousand seats, gathered 71 thousand fans of the King of Pop. The concert was postponed for three hours because the stage was not prepared in time. The famous trainer Edgar Zapashny, who attended Jackson’s performance with his brother, said that people fainted while waiting for the star to appear. The crowd was so dense. The show started with a grand fireworks display.

In 2008, the stadium celebrated its 80th anniversary. A year later, in 2009, large-scale reconstruction will begin here. And on November 22, 2008, Dynamo hosted farewell match, the Moscow team hosts Tom. A full stadium and farewell to their home arena are two great reasons to win, which is what Dynamo is doing. The score is 2:0.

2016...

Z The reconstruction of the stadium is planned to be completed by 2016. All that will remain of the old Dynamo is the wall facing Leningradka. The new football arena will meet all UEFA requirements.

This is what Dynamo stadium will look like after reconstruction.

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There is a monument in St. Petersburg that not everyone knows about - a monument in memory of the football players of besieged Leningrad. The legendary football match, which took place 75 years ago, had a powerful ideological and psychological impact on the residents of the besieged city and on the enemy. Famous Leningrad football players of that time changed their tunics to T-shirts to prove that Leningrad was alive and would never surrender.

In August 1941, two months after the Great Patriotic War began, a powerful offensive of fascist troops against Leningrad began. The German command hoped as soon as possible capture the cradle of the revolution, and then move on Moscow. But Leningraders - both adults and children - stood shoulder to shoulder in defense of their native city.

But it was not possible to take Leningrad, and then the Nazis decided to strangle the city in a blockade. In August, the Germans managed to block the Moscow-Leningrad road and the land blockade ring was closed. There were 2.5 million people in the city, of which about 400 thousand were children. And even in the most difficult conditions of the city and bombings, Leningraders continued to work and fight. During the blockade, more than 640 thousand people died of hunger and more than 17 thousand died from shells and bombs.

In the spring of 1942, fascist planes periodically scattered leaflets over Red Army units: “Leningrad is the city of the dead. We are not taking it yet because we are afraid of a corpse epidemic. We wiped this city off the face of the earth." But it was not so easy to break the city's inhabitants.

Today it is difficult to say who first came up with the idea of ​​football, but on May 6, 1942, the Leningrad City Executive Committee decided to hold a football match at the Dynamo stadium. And on May 31, a football match took place between the team of the Leningrad Metal Plant and Dynamo. This match refuted all the arguments of fascist propaganda - the city not only lived, it also played football.

It was not easy to recruit 22 people to participate in the match. Former football players were recalled from the front line to participate in the match. They understood that they would not only delight the residents of the city with their game, but would also demonstrate to the whole country that the city was alive.

The Dynamo team included players who had played for this club before the war, but the factory team turned out to be heterogeneous - those who were still strong enough to take the field and knew how to play football played for it.

Not all athletes were able to take to the field. Many were so exhausted that they could hardly walk. The very first ball that Zenit midfielder Mishuk took on his head knocked him down. After all, he had recently been discharged from the hospital after being treated for dystrophy.

We played on the reserve field of the Dynamo stadium, since the main field was simply “plowed open” by craters from bomb explosions. The fans were wounded from a nearby hospital. The match took place in two shortened halves of 30 minutes each, and the players had to spend the second half under bombing. It seems incredible that exhausted and exhausted football players could last so long on the field.

At first, the players moved so slowly that the action on the field hardly resembled sport competitions. If a football player fell, his comrades lifted him up; he couldn’t get up on his own. During breaks they didn’t sit on the lawn because they knew they wouldn’t be able to get up. The athletes left the field hugging each other - it was much easier to walk that way.

Needless to say, this match was a real feat! Ours, the Germans, and the residents of Leningrad learned about the fact of this match. This last match really lifted the spirit. Leningrad survived and won.

In 1991, a memorial plaque was installed at the Leningrad Dynamo stadium with the words “Here, at the Dynamo stadium, in the most difficult days of the siege on May 31, 1942, the Leningrad Dynamo team played a historic siege match with the Metal Plant team” and silhouettes of football players. And in 2012, in St. Petersburg, at the Dynamo stadium, a monument was unveiled to the participants of a football match, the author of the monument is People's Artist of Russia Salavat Shcherbakov.

Books, films, and numerous press publications are dedicated to this event, which took place in Kyiv on August 9, 1942. Previously, during the times of the USSR, everything was clear and understandable: on that day Soviet football players met with a team of German occupiers and won. Only the price of that victory was life...

Today, what happened then in the capital of Ukraine no longer looks so clear. Let's try to figure out what really happened.

Summer 1942. The Germans have dominated Kyiv for almost a year now. They are sure that this is forever. Moreover, events at the front are conducive to optimism - German troops, as in 1941, are advancing. Hitler and his entourage are hovering in clouds of unbridled euphoria: the Bolshevik stronghold is about to collapse.

The occupation authorities decide that it is time to establish a peaceful life. They open an opera house, cinemas, and organize concerts in Kyiv. It also came to football, fortunately, at bakery No. 1 there are famous Russian and Ukrainian football players who work at bakery No. 1 - some as loaders, some as laborers - who in the fall of 1941 were unable to get out of the besieged city.

They were given uniforms and allowed to train. Soon the idea of ​​matches between Soviet and German football players arose. This was facilitated by the Moravian Czech Jozsef Kordik, who lived in Kyiv. He was classified as a Volksdeutsche, that is, an ethnic German, and was appointed director of the bakery. Kordik, by the way, hired several football players to work for his company. They began to receive wages and food rations.

The people of Kiev played in red T-shirts and white shorts - the colors of the USSR national team. In former times, this fact was considered symbolic - they say, the football players showed patriotism. However, the reasons were quite prosaic - the occupation city government allocated this uniform to the people of Kiev, seemingly without any ulterior motive...

Most famous team Kyiv had Dynamo, which participated in the championships Soviet Union, including in the 1941 championship, interrupted by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

In his novel “Babi Yar,” Anatoly Kuznetsov argued that it was Dynamo who formed the basis of the bakery team. However, it later turned out that this was not so - besides Dynamo there were players from other teams.

In addition to Dynamo players Nikolai Trusevich, Alexey Klimenko, Ivan Kuzmenko and Pavel Komarov, they played against the Germans former football players Kyiv "Lokomotiv" Lev Gundarev, Vladimir Balakin, Mikhail Melnik and representatives of other clubs. For example, ex-Dynamo player Makar Goncharenko played for Spartak Odessa before the war.

The story “Anxious Clouds,” published in 1957, was also dedicated by writer Alexander Borshchagovsky to the event in Kyiv. Five years later, based on the writer’s script, the film “The Third Time” was released. Both the book and the film were very popular in the Soviet Union.

Borshchagovsky, like Kuznetsov, believed that Dynamo were the backbone of the team. But he, unlike Kuznetsov (who wrote about a series of matches), based his plot on one meeting - “Dynamo” with the Germans from the fictional team “Condor Legion”. It was this that Borshchagovsky called the “death match.” However, according to other sources, this “term” belongs to another writer - Lev Kassil. He used it in an essay published in Izvestia shortly after the liberation of Kyiv from the Germans.

In Borshchagovsky's story, the names of the main characters have been changed. The writer motivated this by the fact that “we do not know many of the important, essential details, without which it would be impossible to create a strictly documentary work.”

But even if such documents were at the writer’s fingertips, the plot could break down and lose its “correctness.” It might not have contained a clear division into “us” and “strangers,” as the ideology of that time required. Residents of occupied Kyiv were forced to submit to harsh circumstances and the cruel dictates of the conquerors. They had to not only accept power that was alien to them, but also work for the Germans in order not to die of hunger, and to provide - at least with crumbs - for their loved ones.

In short, Borshchagovsky needed characters without shades - “us” and “strangers”. So he had to introduce fictitious, smoothed-out types into the plot, to make up reality. This is not the writer’s fault - such was the time, such were its laws.

After the war, many of those who found themselves “under the Germans” were accused of aiding the enemy. You may recall that before the collapse of the USSR, people applying for work filled out a questionnaire with the following question: “Were you or your relatives in temporarily occupied territory?” If yes, then questions arose...

By the way, the football players were also in the occupied territory and played in matches organized by the Nazis. They could also be credited with “complicity”...

Another book was dedicated to the match in occupied Kyiv - “The Last Duel”, written by Pyotr Severov and Naum Halemsky. And this work was not documentary - the names of the characters in the story were changed. Probably for the same reason as Borshchagovsky...

The Kiev residents played ten matches with the occupiers – German and Hungarian teams. According to other sources, there were fewer of them: eight. And they came out winners in all of them!

Some of the games took place at the Zenit stadium. In all meetings, the bakery team won confidently, and often by a huge margin, to the great joy of numerous spectators.

However, it was called that only during the debut game on June 7, 1942 with “Rukh” (2:0) - its players represented a Ukrainian sports society created with the assistance of the occupiers. Then the “USSR team” performed under the name “Start”.

Kuznetsov in his novel mentions a match on July 12, held in an arena built just before the war, which was named after Nikita Khrushchev, who was at that time the first secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of the Ukrainian SSR. During the occupation, the stadium was renamed Ukrainian. On that day the Germans staged a sports festival with the participation of gymnasts, boxers, and track and field athletes. The highlight of the program was football: “Start” met with a team of German military railway workers. The Kiev team won an impressive victory with a score of 6:0.

This was already the fifth game of the bakery team and, accordingly, the fifth victory. Kuznetsov wrote that “the Germans did not like this, but no incidents occurred.”

A week later, on July 19, “Start” held another meeting - with the Hungarian team “Wal” and again easily won - 5:1. After that, the Kiev team won two more matches.

The Start players had no problems with their opponents, since they were clearly stronger. But they didn’t know how the occupiers would react to defeats, especially since they came in succession. However, for the time being, the Germans were more or less calm, which was largely facilitated by favorable military reports. Wehrmacht troops reached the Volga and began an assault on the city named after Stalin.

The time came for the next match - July 9, 1942, in which Start met with the Flakelf team, representing anti-aircraft units. In that game, the Kiev team won again, albeit in a bitter struggle with a score of 5:3.
Before the match they were hinted that the Germans were already showing dissatisfaction and it was better to lose to them in order to avoid big troubles. But the Start players showed themselves to be real athletes.

In addition, they knew what enormous moral strength each victory gave to the residents of the city. In Podol, Khreshchatyk, Kurenevka and other corners of Kyiv they were only talking about how “ours are soaping the necks of the Krauts.”

It was the meeting between “Start” and “Flakelf” that was called the “death match”. But, contrary to the legend, the opponents played not only very correctly, but they did not injure each other. A German judge named Erwin was objective and did not help his compatriots. And yet, no one forced the people of Kiev to lose, as in Borshchagovsky’s story. And there was no episode, as in Kuznetsov’s novel: “The referee messed up the time, blew the final whistle; The gendarmes, without waiting for the players to go to the locker room, grabbed the Dynamo players right there on the field, put them in a closed car and took them to Babi Yar...”

The Start players calmly went home, having previously taken photos with their opponents. The photograph has survived to this day, and is striking in its appearance: both Kiev residents and Germans are smiling at the camera.

That day, the townspeople, as usual, ardently supported their team. Emboldened, they even allowed themselves to shout insults at the Germans. They looked angrily at the people of Kiev, ordered them to shut up, but took no action.

On August 16, “Start” played one more, the last one in its short story meeting - with "Rukh" and won again - 8:0. But this time the Germans did not touch the players.

And only on August 18 - nine days after the “death match” they arrested Trusevich, Klimenko, Komarov, Goncharenko, Kuzmenko, Mikhail Sviridovsky, Mikhail Putistin, Vladimir Balakin, Fyodor Tyutchev and threw them into the Syretsky camp, located next to the notorious Babi Yar .

At the beginning of September, another football player, Nikolai Korotkikh, was captured.

They were imprisoned for almost six months. During this time, the situation at the front changed dramatically - the Wehrmacht troops suffered heavy losses and ended up in a huge “cauldron” near Stalingrad. The occupiers no longer smiled, they committed atrocities. The Germans were not famous for their mercy before, but now blood flowed like a river: one mass execution followed another.

On February 24, 1943, three Start players were shot - Trusevich, Klimenko, Kuzmenko. For what? Maybe they remembered football? Or were they suspected of something—theft, or an attempt to escape? There are no answers to these questions.

Another football player, Korotkikh, was killed by the occupiers later. They found out that he once worked in the NKVD...

The fates of the other Start players turned out differently. But they all survived. Some of them shared their memories. True, during the Soviet era they said one thing, after the collapse of the Union they said something else. For example, Goncharenko claimed that the Germans behaved disgracefully, organizing a real hunt for goalkeeper Trusevich, and once kicked him in the face. A few years later, the veteran “recovered”: the Germans were not rude. And no one attacked the goalkeeper.

In 1971, at the Kiev Dynamo stadium, where several matches of the “USSR national team” with the Germans took place, a monument was erected - a granite rock with high reliefs of four players. At that time, the football players’ feat was officially approved.

Two decades later, everything has changed. In Ukraine and Russia, publications began to appear in which matches with the Nazis were presented in a different light. There were also those who doubted: were there such meetings?

Of course, those games took place. After all, in Ukrainian museums there are match posters and there are eyewitness accounts. Perhaps some of them are still alive.

And it was a feat!

The players were eager to beat the Germans for many reasons. Firstly, they, the athletes, were eager to fight and wanted to prove their superiority. Secondly, before them was an unusual opponent - arrogant and impudent, who felt like the master of their land. This added courage to the people of Kiev and gave them additional strength. And they tore and threw on the field! They didn’t just win against the invaders – they crushed them!

The Japanese name for Japan, Nihon (日本), consists of two parts - ni (日) and hon (本), both of which are Sinicisms. The first word (日) in modern Chinese is pronounced rì and, as in Japanese, means “sun” (represented in writing by its ideogram). The second word (本) in modern Chinese is pronounced bӗn. Its original meaning is "root", and the ideogram representing it is the ideogram of the tree mù (木) with a dash added at the bottom to indicate the root. From the meaning of “root” the meaning of “origin” developed, and it was in this sense that it entered the name of Japan Nihon (日本) – “origin of the sun” > “land of the rising sun” (modern Chinese rì bӗn). In ancient Chinese, the word bӗn (本) also had the meaning of “scroll, book.” In modern Chinese it is replaced in this sense by the word shū (書), but remains in it as a counting word for books. The Chinese word bӗn (本) was borrowed into Japanese both in the sense of "root, origin" and "scroll, book", and in the form hon (本) means book in modern Japanese. The same Chinese word bӗn (本) meaning “scroll, book” was also borrowed into the ancient Turkic language, where, after adding the Turkic suffix -ig, it acquired the form *küjnig. The Türks brought this word to Europe, where it from the language of the Danube Turkic-speaking Bulgars in the form knig entered the language of the Slavic-speaking Bulgarians and, through Church Slavonic, spread to other Slavic languages, including Russian.

Thus, the Russian word book and the Japanese word hon "book" have a common root of Chinese origin, and the same root is included as a second component in the Japanese name for Japan Nihon.

I hope everything is clear?)))

Afternoon of August 19, port of Dieppe. A German infantryman inspects the results of his work.

« Second front"How much in this sound, for the heart, Boltsevisticschen merged... or about one " special operation"August 19, 1942.

It's worth talking about " Second front“in the Second World War, as any Soviet citizen will tell you, it was opened too late, in 1944, when the fate of the Reich was already clearly decided. But didn’t Sralin or other Soviet leaders try to force “ allies» open the Second Front a little earlier, when the fate of the war had not yet been decided? They tried, and in 1942. What did they do? allies"in response to Sralin's rightfully panicky demand to open immediately" Second front“and at least somehow ease the monstrous pressure of the Reich in the East?

Landed at Dieppe, August 19, 1942.

English military equipment, defeated by the Germans during the landing.

Only 6,000 people landed and were opposed by only 1,500 Germans. The task of the Anglo-Canadians was to probe the soil, land troops, destroy everything in the coastal strip, and then leave before the arrival of the main units of the German army, demonstrating that a large-scale landing operation was possible. It goes without saying that " allies“They did everything to screw up the landing - no one smiled at landing in Europe in 1942, meeting the best units of the Wehrmacht.

Therefore, the first thing the British did was leak the landing date to the Germans. The date is a day later - the landing was initially planned for August 18, the Germans were informed about August 19. Then an invisible force in the British General Staff did everything in its power to delay preparations and ensure that the landing began on the 19th. Then the British made up the bulk of the landing party - 5,000 people - from inexperienced Canadian conscripts (I don’t feel sorry for the Canadians!), who had no combat experience, especially for such complex operations. It is characteristic that the 1000 British commandos accompanying the Canadians were also unable to fulfill their combat missions, while the poor colonial infantry were shot like chickens. But that's not all! If the British set out to screw up something, then they can’t do without branded English humor. On August 17, the well-known newspaper The Daily Telegraph published a crossword puzzle in which “ French port, five letters" Answer? Of course, Dieppe!

German soldiers and commanders happily pose on British tanks.

Finally, on the day of the landing, the English squadron accidentally (was it by chance?) came across a German convoy, a firefight began, and all pitiful scraps of surprise were lost. When the British landing craft reached the beaches, all the Germans were at their battle posts, dressed, clean-shaven, having eaten a hearty breakfast and singing “... And now we will fight, fight for 7 days in a row. But we don't fight one by one, just all together».

The Germans simply destroyed the first wave of those who landed with machine gun and mortar fire. Few survivors claimed to have seen training marks on which the Germans learned to fire mortars shortly before the landing. The second wave was also demolished. Only 6 tanks were able to overcome the beaches, which, having become confused without infantry on the streets of Dieppe, were abandoned by their crews. Of the 5,000 Canadians who landed, 68% were killed, wounded or captured. The landing units simply ceased to exist. Even 1,000 burned-out soldiers were unable to complete their combat missions.” commando" And they lost more than 200 people that day, essentially acting as cannon fodder. On top of that, the Royal Air Force had lost the air battle to the Luftwaffe, and the pitiful remnants of the landing force were tearing German planes to shreds. 4 hours after the landing began, the BBC officially announced it in its French broadcast, advising the French to evacuate. " Here we are landing a little near you. P.S. Don't tell the Germans»!

Then, however, the BBC fell silent - and even the English press had to draw primary information about losses from German reports. Turning the landing of the Anglo-Saxons into something unimaginable. All this was broadcast on the Eastern Front and, undoubtedly, reached Sralin, as if hinting that he must hold the Wehrmacht alone.
Of the 5,000 Canadians, 3,367 were killed, wounded or captured. Out of 1000 British commandos - 247 people. 1 English destroyer and 33 landing ships were destroyed, the fleet lost 550 killed and wounded. Plus 108 aircraft were lost (with Luftwaffe losses of 18 aircraft). The Germans, fighting off this travesty of an attack, lost only 591 people, everywhere (even in the work sector " commando") while maintaining control of the coastal defense line. Worse, the silence of the British media turned the already horrendous landing into an absolute PR disaster. Goebbels enthusiastically absorbed the events at Dieppe for another month. Hitler for his actions in repelling the landing " calm and patience» gave the city of Dieppe 10 million francs and sent home 1,500 French prisoners of war. And that’s what they said to the freaked-out French, and they didn’t laugh: “ Werden Sie zum Hitler hören, - Sie essen Süßigkeiten"! Translated into Russian, these words will sound something like this: “ If you listen to Hitler, you will eat candy»!

Question about opening« Second Front» was successfully closed for another 2 years.

And today " five letter French port“It’s no longer customary to remember.