Methods of movement on the battlefield summary. Methods of movement of a soldier on the battlefield. Moving one by one

KOKSHETAU UNIVERSITY named after A. Myrzakhmetov

MILITARY DEPARTMENT

Instances ______

Copy No.______

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Topic No. 5. Actions of a soldier in battle.

Lesson No. 4. Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes and modes of movement. Using terrain and local objects to protect against fire and observe the enemy. Choosing a shooting location.

Discussed at a meeting of the department Minutes No.___ dated “___” ________20

I give permission to use

V_____________ academic year

I give permission to use

in___________ academic year

Head of the military department of the school A. Alpysbaev

I give permission to use

in___________ academic year

Head of the military department of the school A. Alpysbaev

according to the accounting book methodological developments №____

G. Kokshetau

"I affirm"

Head of the military department of KUAM

Colonel ____________ A. Alpysbaev

"____"____________________20___

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

to conduct classes in the discipline “General Tactics” with students studying (VUS - 260100) “Organization of military communications and military transportation by rail, water and air transport.”

Topic No. 5. Actions of a soldier in battle.

Lesson No. 4. Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes and modes of movement. Using terrain and local objects to protect against fire and observe the enemy. Choosing a shooting location.

Educational and educational goals:

Bring to students the rules and procedures for using terrain and local objects for protection from fire and observation of the enemy;

Explore with students how to move on the battlefield. Choosing cover, routes of movement, places to shoot and methods of movement;

To instill patriotic, moral and leadership qualities in the students being trained;

To instill in future reserve officers a sense of personal responsibility for maintaining constant combat readiness.

Time: 2 hours;

Location: classroom and training field;

Method: practical lesson;

The date of the: 2016;

Educational and material support: training weapons, posters, educational literature, interactive whiteboard, methodological development.

Study questions:

1. Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes of movement and methods of movement;

2. Using terrain and local objects to protect against fire and observe the enemy. Choosing a shooting location.

Literature:

1. Rules for the combat use of ground forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan, part III (platoon, squad, tank);

2. Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Ground Forces. Tactical training of a soldier, motorized rifle squad and platoon;

3. Tactics of a squad, a tank of a motorized rifle platoon and a tank platoon;

4. Collection of tasks for tactical training;

5. Tactical training manual;

6. Guide to organization, combat capabilities and combat use motorized rifle units on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers);

7. Combat effectiveness of weapons and military equipment.

Lesson leader

Lieutenant Colonel M. Syzdykov

Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes and modes of movement.

For successful actions on the battlefield, every serviceman must be able to quickly and correctly perform the “get down” (“to fight”) and “get up” techniques. In addition, he must know and skillfully apply methods of movement on the battlefield, which depend on the nature of the terrain, environmental conditions and the impact of enemy fire.

Movement on the battlefield can be done at an accelerated pace, running (in full height or crouching), running and crawling.
The movement to attack, as well as overcoming areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation and fire, is carried out at an accelerated pace or running.
Runs are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas. The length of the run between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire. The more open the area and the stronger the fire, the faster and shorter the dash should be.

Movement on the battlefield can be done at an accelerated pace, running (at full height or crouching), dashing and crawling.

The movement to attack, as well as overcoming areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation and fire, is carried out at an accelerated pace or running.

Runs are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas. The length of the run between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire. The more open the area and the stronger the fire, the faster and shorter the dash should be.

Crawling is used to quietly approach the enemy and covertly overcome areas of terrain that have insignificant cover, uneven terrain and are under enemy observation or fire. Depending on the task received and the conditions for its implementation, crawling is performed on the prone, on the floor on all fours and on the side.

It is advisable to conduct classes on studying the techniques of “getting down” (“to fight”), “getting up” and methods of moving personnel in battle on an area of terrain where there is soft ground, and training on rough terrain (tactical field). Improving skills in performing the techniques “lie down” (“to fight”), “get up”, and moving on the battlefield is carried out during classes in other subjects of study, especially tactical and fire training. Classes are held as part of the department.

Personnel must have standard weapons and wear field uniforms. The organization of classes is the same as when learning other drill techniques and actions.

Having arrived at the training site, the squad leader briefly explains the practical significance of the techniques being studied, and then begins to practice them.

PERFORMANCE OF THE TECHNIQUES “GET DOWN” (“TO FIGHT”), “STAND UP”.

It is recommended to learn these techniques in divisions into three counts. According to the “do-ONCE” count, you need to take a machine gun or machine gun in your right hand (Fig. a), maintaining a drill stance. In a “do-TWO” count, take a step with your right foot forward and slightly to the right, at the same time push your body forward, lower yourself to your left knee and stand left hand on the ground in front of you with your fingers to the right (Fig. b).

Rice. Performing the “lie down” technique (for battle)

a B C D– execution sequence.

In a count of “do - THREE”, leaning sequentially on the thigh of your left leg and the forearm of your left hand, lie on your left side and quickly turn onto your stomach, at the same time slightly spread your legs to the sides with your toes out, bend your head.

If the technique is performed on the command “Lie down”, it is necessary to place the weapon along the body with the muzzle part on the left bent arm (Fig. 20, c), holding it with the right hand by the fore-end and the barrel lining (a hand grenade launcher by the barrel). If the same technique is performed on the command “For battle,” then you must, in addition, prepare to fire without resting the weapon with the butt on your shoulder. The machine gun is placed on the bipod at the command “For battle”.

Having finished demonstrating the “get down” technique (“to fight”), it is advisable to begin demonstrating the execution of the “get up” technique. According to divisions, it is recommended to learn this technique on the spot in three counts.

In a "do-ONCE" count, pull both hands to chest level, holding the weapon "in right hand, simultaneously bring your legs together, look in front of you (Fig. a).

Rice. Performing the “stand up” technique from a lying position.

a, b – execution sequence

In a “do-TWO” count, sharply straightening your arms, lift your chest off the ground and bring your right (left) leg, bent at the knee, forward (Fig. b).

On the count of “do-THREE”, quickly rise ^straighten up), put your standing leg behind you and, taking the machine gun (hand grenade launcher) in the “on the belt” position, and the machine gun “to the leg”, take a combat stance.

If the machine gun was on the bipod, then first stand up as indicated, and then take the machine gun “to your leg.”

DROPS.

The squad leader announces that, depending on the density of enemy fire and the nature of the terrain, movement can be carried out at an accelerated pace or running (at full height or crouching), as well as dashing and crawling. When moving at an accelerated pace, the speed should be 130-150 steps per minute, and when running, 165-180 steps per minute, step size 85-90 cm.

Then the squad leader proceeds to demonstrate the movement with accelerated steps and running. At the same time, he draws the students’ attention to the fact that when moving to full height and crouching, the weapon should be held in the right hand in readiness to fire.

Having completed the demonstration of movement at an accelerated pace and running, the squad leader proceeds to training the soldiers. Having opened the squad, the commander gives the command “Squad, at an accelerated pace - MARCH”. At this command, the personnel, taking the weapon in their right hand, begin to move, taking into account the terrain. If necessary, the squad leader gives commands: “WIDE STEP”, “FREQUENT STEP”, etc.

To move at a run, the squad leader gives the command “Squad, run-MARCH.” At the same time, the squad leader draws attention to the fact that the trainees, following a preliminary command, lean their bodies slightly forward, keep their arms half-bent, and move their elbows slightly back. The weapon is held in the right hand, slightly bent so that the muzzle is slightly forward.

Previously, the squad leader explains that to move in dashes, a command is given, for example, “To Private Petrov, run to a separate bush - FORWARD”, and as part of a squad - the command “Squad, in the direction of a separate tree, to the line of the road, dash - FORWARD.” Then the squad leader shows and explains how to act during dashes. (According to the preliminary command “So-and-so should run over there,” the trainees must outline the path of movement and sheltered places for respite (a hole, a hummock, etc.); according to the executive to the “Forward” command, quickly stand up, as is done with the “Stand up” command, without putting it behind standing leg, bring it forward, simultaneously straightening the other leg, and quickly run across. The length of one dash should be 20-40 steps.

When running, the weapon should be held as conveniently as possible: a machine gun, a carbine and a light machine gun - in one (right) hand, and a company machine gun and a grenade launcher - with two hands, while the bipod of the machine gun should be folded back.

When running, your legs should be moved freely, knees forward. The higher the running tempo, the higher you should raise your knees and move your non-weapon hand more energetically. Before stopping, you must slow down and, setting left leg a little forward and to the left, placing it on your heel, quickly lie down and crawl to the side on your elbows and toes for a break.

For the purpose of more purposeful training and training in moving by dashes, the squad leader selects the most suitable section of terrain for this, once again shows the technique of dashing, and then gives a command, for example, “Squad, in the direction of a wide bush, to the edge of the clearing, dash, to the right, one by one , Private Ilyin - FORWARD." At this command, the soldier quickly jumps up and quickly makes a dash. Having reached the specified point, the trainee lies down with a running start, applying himself to the terrain, crawls to the side, prepares to fire and carefully observes the enemy and the terrain.

If a trainee makes mistakes in his actions during a dash, the squad leader points this out to him and gives a command to run again. After checking the actions of all the trainees and making sure that the soldiers have mastered the technique of dashing, he begins training simultaneously with all the personnel of the squad, for which he selects a section of terrain 300 m deep. This allows the trainees to make several dashes during the training. The squad opens for 8-12 steps, and at the command “Squad - TO BATTLE”, the trainees lie down and prepare for battle. The dashes begin at the command of the commander.

COMPLEX MOVEMENT.

When training in complex movement great importance has a choice of terrain. At the same time, the terrain should allow you to choose a method of movement depending on the enemy’s fire. First, it is recommended to train all trainees in movement in the chosen method at the same time, and then give them the right to choose their own method of movement. This will allow students to develop independence in assessing the terrain and choosing a method of movement.

At the end of the lesson, it is recommended to hold a competition for the correct, quick and precise execution of the techniques being studied. This will once again make it possible for the squad leader to determine which elements of techniques have been mastered well by the trainees, and which elements are poorly understood and require additional training.

Having placed the squad in a chain, the squad leader gives the appropriate commands or sets tasks, for example, to overcome the first section at an accelerated pace, the second by running, the third by dashes. Trainees, having reached the specified milestone, lie down, taking into account the terrain, and prepare for shooting. The squad leader carefully monitors the actions of the trainees. Noticing errors in actions, he orders the technique or action to be repeated. In this case, the entire squad or only those soldiers who made mistakes can be returned to their original position.

During dashes, the squad leader ensures that the trainees put their weapons on safety before starting to move, make dashes quickly, and at the point of stopping for a break, lie down and crawl to the side.

When training one at a time, dashes are performed in the following order. The trainee, having made a rapid dash over a distance of 20-40 steps, lies down for a break and fire, crawls to the side (takes cover) and prepares to fire. The rest of the trainees, remaining at the starting line, carefully observe the area and outline the direction of the dash. As soon as the first student lies down, the second student immediately begins to run. Having reached the line of the first, he lies down and prepares to fire. The first student, when the second one stops, begins the next run, etc., until they reach the milestone specified in the command. The rest of the trainees also sequentially advance to the specified line, observing the established order.

When running in twos or in groups, two or a group of students run simultaneously at the executive command “FORWARD”.

At the milestone specified in the command, trainees remain until new team the squad leader, being in line and ready to fire. Students can also advance to the next line by running or using one of the crawling methods. In this case, crawling can be carried out in the same sequence as dashing, only the distance of movement is assigned less, approximately within 10-20 steps. The method of transportation depends on the nature of the terrain. Let's say that students crawl to the first line on all fours, to the second - on their bellies, and to the third - on their sides.

Thus, by changing methods, the squad leader teaches soldiers how to move on the battlefield.

Making sure that soldiers have mastered the techniques of movement on the battlefield different ways and have received sufficient training, the squad leader can choose a new area of terrain unfamiliar to the trainees, order each trainee to overcome it, choosing the method of movement independently. At the executive command, students, using the folds of the terrain, move at full height or crouching, make rapid dashes or use one of the methods of crawling. The squad leader carefully observes the actions of the trainees, points out shortcomings and seeks to eliminate them, and at the end of the training he makes a detailed analysis.

th study question

Tactical training

TOPIC 1: Movement of a soldier in battle. Movement on the battlefield.

Movement of a soldier in battle

IN modern combat a soldier must be able to move quickly and secretly on any terrain under enemy fire and at the same time continuously monitor the enemy and destroy him with fire from his weapon. In battle, a soldier can move on an infantry fighting vehicle (armored personnel carrier), by landing on a tank, or on foot.

Methods of movement in battle when operating on foot

When operating on foot, depending on the nature of the terrain and the impact of enemy fire, a soldier can move at an accelerated pace or run (at full height or crouched), dashing or crawling. These methods of movement have been tested in battle.

Fast walking or running areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation and not covered by enemy fire are overcome. The attack movement is carried out using the same methods. In this case, the weapon can be in a position for immediately opening fire offhand (Fig. 17) or with the butt pressed to the side.

Dashes used for covert approach to the enemy and other actions in open areas. To run from a prone position, you must first outline the path of movement and a sheltered stopping place for a break and put the weapon on safety. Then quickly rise, as when executing the “Stand up” command, and quickly run to the intended place, lie down on the ground with a run and quickly crawl to the side. This is done in order to hide the stopping place from the enemy, otherwise he, having taken aim in advance, can hit the soldier when he gets up for the next dash. The length of the run between rest stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and can be from 20 to 40 steps. During this time, the enemy does not have time to fire an aimed shot. Having reached the line planned or indicated by the commander, it is necessary to take a place and prepare to fire to cover the runs of other soldiers with fire.

By crawling move if the enemy is conducting aimed fire or when it is necessary to approach the enemy unnoticed and suddenly attack him. Depending on the terrain and vegetation cover, you can crawl on your bellies, on all fours, or on your side (Fig. 18). As before the dash, you first need to outline the path of movement and sheltered places for respite.

Rice. 17. Offhand firing on the move

To crawl on your stomach, lie firmly on the ground, with your right hand take the machine gun by the belt at the top swivel and place it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up your right (left) leg and at the same time extend your left (right) arm as far as possible. Then, pushing off with a bent leg, move your body forward and pull up the other leg, extend the other arm and continue the movement in the same order. When crawling, do not raise your head high.

Rice. 18. Crawling. a - in plastunsky; b - on all fours; c - on the side

To crawl on all fours, kneel down and lean on your forearms or hands. Then pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, at the same time extend the left (right) arm forward, move the body forward until the right (left) leg is fully straightened, while simultaneously pulling the other one under you, bent leg, and, stretching the other hand forward, continue the movement in the same order. In this case, the machine gun should be held in the same way as when crawling on your bellies (when leaning on your hands - in your right hand).

To crawl on your side, lie on your left side and, pulling forward your left leg, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot rest your heel on the ground as close to you as possible. Then, straightening your right leg, move your body forward without changing the position of your left leg, and then continue the movement in the same order. When crawling on your side, hold the weapon with your right hand, placing it on the thigh of your left leg. This method is most often used to carry ammunition and cargo on the battlefield.

The probability of injury to personnel by a shock wave depends not only on the distance from the site of a nuclear explosion, but also on where and in what position the soldier is at the time of the explosion, as well as on the ability to take protective measures in the event of a nuclear explosion.

Rice. 19. Actions in open areas following the outbreak of a nuclear explosion

Having noticed the flash of a nuclear explosion, while in the infantry fighting vehicle, it is necessary to close the hatches, loopholes, blinds and turn on the system of protection against weapons of mass destruction. When in an open armored personnel carrier, you should duck down. When positioned on the ground, you must quickly take a nearby shelter or lie on the ground with your feet in the direction of the explosion, face down, hiding your hands under you, and close your eyes (Fig. 19).

When choosing a shelter, you should remember that the speed of propagation of the shock wave and its density along hollows, ravines, forest edges, and trenches increases significantly.

After the shock wave passes, immediately rise and continue performing the combat mission.

Topic: Action of a soldier in battle. Techniques and rules for performing methods of movement of a soldier on the battlefield

08.06.2013 10834 0

I APPROVED

Head teacher: _______________

"__" _____________ 200_ g

Plan - outline

conducting a lesson on basic military training in the section:

TACTICAL TRAINING with 10th grade students

Topic: Action of a soldier in battle. Techniques and rules for performing methodssoldier's movements on the battlefield

Learning goal: Give the concept combined arms combat. Tell students about what modern combined arms combat is.

Educational goal: To instill in students a desire to study the science of combat.

Time. ______

Method. Lecture.

Location of classes. NVP office.

Manual and manuals. Textbook on NVP.

Study questions. 1. The action of a soldier in battle.

Progress of the lesson

Introductory part 15 min.

A) Platoon formation and appearance check 5 min.

B) Check homework 10 min.

Main part 30 min.

Introduction 5 min.

1. In battle, a soldier must act boldly and confidently. Use your weapon skillfully.

Know the duties of a soldier in battle.

Know combat mission your department, and your personal task.

Be able to quickly set up a trench.

Constantly monitor the enemy.

Be able to identify an air enemy and destroy him.

Know the weak and vulnerable points of enemy tanks and infantry fighting vehicles.

Report to the commander about spent ammunition.

Do not leave your place in battle without the permission of the commander.

Presentation of the main material 20 min.

2. Movement on the battlefield should be carried out rapidly at a high pace and with maximum compliance with all camouflage measures.

The soldier moves with an accelerated step or run during the attack, while holding the weapon to immediately open fire.

Runs are made from cover to cover with short stops after 20-40 meters to rest.

At the stopping point, you should lie down and crawl to the side, this eliminates the possibility of accurately hitting the person running across.

Crawling is a secretive type of movement.

Types of crawling: On the side, on the belly.

It is used on the belly under the influence of enemy rifle and machine gun fire.

When crawling, the weapon is loaded and the safety is on; it must be held in the right hand, with the bolt facing up.

Final part 5 min.

1. Remind the topic, objectives of the lesson and how they were achieved.

2. Announce the section and topic next lesson, as well as clothing.

3. Homework assignment. 1. The action of a soldier in battle.

2. Methods of movement of a soldier in battle.

Teacher-organizer of the NVP: _____________________________________

The main tactical issues of moving soldiers on the battlefield during a frontal attack are considered: methods of action in “twos” and “threes”, dashing, using shelters.

The technique of moving a group in battle is based on one principle or method: first suppress, and then run, or “one covers, the other runs.” This method resembles walking, in which one leg is fixed on the ground and the other moves. This is why this method is sometimes called the “one foot on the ground” method.

Moving in twos

The order of moving in twos using the “one foot on the ground” method is self-evident. It is only necessary to note that when working in a “two,” the soldier who opens fire must shout, for example, “hold” or “cut,” or in another way, communicate his readiness to cover his partner’s movement with fire. This must be done, since visual contact cannot always be maintained even within the “two,” and in the roar of battle it is not always possible to distinguish the fire of your partner from the fire of another soldier.

A common mistake is to inform your partner that you are ready to cover him immediately after he has finished moving, but he himself has not yet had time to take a shooting position. As a result, the partner stops his fire before the second member of the “two” begins to fire, since it takes some time to take a position convenient for firing. To combat this error, you need to practice the following technique. The soldier must first fire one shot (burst) and only then inform his partner about his readiness to cover him with fire. That is, the movement is divided into phases: the phase of firing by one soldier is replaced by the phase of firing by both soldiers.

Moving in a "troika"

The organization of movement in “troikas” is slightly different. There are options here.

Option No. 1 “Horns”
The “troika” is simply divided into two subgroups, consisting of two and one soldier, and they work in the same way as they work in the “two” - one group runs and the other covers. Here the following possible recommendation is possible: one soldier always moves forward, and two pull up to him. This is done so that two people running in front of one do not block his field of fire. One can't block both sectors of fire at once, but two can do one.

Option No. 2 “Two - one”
Sequential movement is used: two shoot - one runs. Some experts suggest moving without a strict sequence - who jumps up after whom and changes position, so that the enemy does not have the opportunity to guess which member of the “troika” will move next. This proposal is good, but there is a high probability of confusion, and in our opinion, the alternate method is more acceptable, but with a change in the first one moving. For example, No. 1 is running, and No. 2 and No. 3 are covering. Next moves #2, #1 and #3 in coverage. Finally, No. 3 goes forward under the cover of No. 1 and No. 2. The first stage ended, the whole group moved forward. The beginning of the second stage begins with forward movement No. 2, then No. 3 and ends with movement No. 1. The third stage begins with No. 3, then No. 1, ends with No. 2, etc. Options are possible here, and it is advisable for each unit to develop something different, but the main condition is simplicity and clarity, so that there is no confusion in battle.

Option No. 3 “Halfway”
A more complex option for organizing movement in threes is the following method: one soldier jumps up and starts moving, goes halfway, at this moment another soldier jumps up and starts moving, at this moment the first soldier is already lying down and opens fire, and the third is still firing from its original position. As soon as the second soldier makes it halfway, the third soldier jumps up. After the second soldier reaches his designated point and lies down, the first soldier jumps up and so on. With this method, two soldiers run and one shoots, and half a turn is maintained between the moving soldiers. Of course, this method is the most complicated, and there is the greatest chance of “losing the rhythm.” We do not recommend using this method for regular units with conscripts. This option may be suitable for groups that have been working together for many years, since it requires great coherence within the “troika”.

	Third phase- No. 2 reaches the point he has planned and lies down, No. 1 jumps up, No. 3 goes halfway.
Second phase- No. 1 lies down, opens fire, No. 2 goes halfway, No. 3 jumps up
	First phase- No. 1 jumps up and starts moving, gets halfway, at that moment No. 2 jumps up and starts moving, and the third one is still firing from his original position.

Each method has its positive and negative sides. The first is the simplest and therefore trouble-free method; it can be used to move soldiers serving one type of weapon, say, a machine gunner and his ammunition carrier, but when it is executed there is a moment when one covers two. The second method is better in terms of cover, since at any given time two cover the movements of one, but it is the slowest of the three. The third method is the fastest, but the cover suffers.

When operating in groups, you can determine in advance who fires single shots and who fires in bursts. In this way, it is possible to achieve targeted fire by at least part of the soldiers, with the “calming” effect of burst fire on them.

To move in “twos” and “threes,” you should not be rigidly tied to a system of pre-established groups and numbers within combat groups. In an unpredictable battle environment, anyone nearby can become a member of the fireteam.

All other things being equal, the use of “triples” is better, since it is easier to pull out a wounded person together, and if this happens under fire, then one will be able to provide cover, and the other will be able to drag the wounded person. In addition, the use of “triples” allows you to combine veterans, mid-service soldiers and newcomers in one group.

Moving one by one

When moving by rolls, it is not necessary that immediately after one soldier makes a dash, another begins to run across. Depending on the situation, the following technique is also possible. One soldier, under the cover of another (others), covers 50 - 100 meters in three or four dashes, digs in, starts shooting, and only after that the next soldier begins to move. It is possible that the entire squad or even platoon will be withdrawn one by one in this manner to the next line. In this case, it is recommended that the most trained and physically developed soldier in the group be sent first to the next line, and machine gunners, signalmen, snipers and commanders are sent out last.

If the approach is carried out in at a slow pace, then the soldiers supporting the movement of others with fire must conduct supporting fire haphazardly, changing combat positions, however, remembering that when changing positions, the density of fire of the entire unit drops.

Move all attackers

In Soviet tactics, preference was given to a more primitive method, namely, running the entire mass of infantry. The fact is that a soldier under fire may, out of fear, simply not get off the ground after the next move. If one falls, the other will fall too. If a unit falls down, the enemy can drive it out onto their machine guns with mortar fire, preventing it from retreating back. If the soldiers fall down while moving in rolls, the commander will have no choice but to raise the people to their full height and run to the enemy position. It is very difficult for a commander to move infantry lying down under fire into an attack. Therefore, when using movement in “twos” and “threes,” one should realistically assess the mood and training of the soldiers. In addition, this method is much slower than running. An attempt to fight “smarter” may result in a failure of the attack.

The role of the machine gun

When organizing a rapprochement, it must be remembered that a company machine gun, due to its greater practical rate of fire and ability to conduct intense fire, also has a larger share of the unit’s firepower. Therefore, they sometimes say that it is not the machine gun that supports the machine gunners, but the machine gunners. Moreover, depending on the chosen “emphasis” in actions, their tactics change. In one case, the movement of a unit is seen as the approach of machine gunners to the enemy with the support of a machine gun; it is another matter if the battle is seen as the movement of a machine gun across the battlefield with the support of machine gunners, who are considered primarily as carriers of ammunition. For example, the moment of deployment of a unit along the front changes. With the dominance of the machine gun, deployment along the front must be done as late as possible so as not to interfere with the machine gun firing into the gaps between its troops.

crowding

A very common mistake when approaching enemy positions is crowding. This provides the enemy with good targets for concentrated fire, thereby increasing the effectiveness of his defense. Distance between soldiers must be maintained at all times. The distance is determined by the tactical situation, the longer the better, within reason, of course.

To combat crowding, before starting to move, each soldier must assign a remote point to which the movement is supposed to take place. This point should be as far away from the point to which the entire group is moving as the soldier himself is away from the soldier occupying a central position and moving to the destination of the entire group. For example, a reference point for the movement of the entire unit is a separate tree. One of the soldiers moves straight towards the tree. Others mentally plot a segment from this tree equal to the distance from them to this soldier, and find a point on the ground that coincides with the end of this segment. They move towards this point. On the other hand, if part of the attacking chain is knocked out by fire, to save impact force units, you need to press towards the center, even if the flanks are unoccupied, that is, maintain the attacking unit.

Distance covered in one movement

The distance and time to cover it depends on the factors listed below.

Shelters

First of all, there is the presence of shelters. Even the smoothest terrain has small bumps, hills and depressions, and craters will appear during battle. They can be used when moving.

The best way to move is to move from cover to cover. Before launching an attack, the soldier is recommended to mentally go through the path that he will have to overcome when approaching the enemy. How to lay out an imaginary path on the field, marking stopping places for a break on it. If it is impossible to mark the entire path in this way, then you need to pre-plan the paths of at least the next few runs.

It is better to fall not behind the cover, but next to it and then crawl behind it, or crawl away from the cover before making a dash. It's better to do both. You need to leave the shelter in a different way than the way the shelter was occupied. All this is done so that the enemy cannot determine where the infantryman will begin to move, and accordingly cannot aim his weapon at this point in advance.

Instead of crawling, you can use rolling, but when rolling, there is a high probability of lifting the trunk or bending your leg at the knee and thereby unmasking yourself. Ceteris paribus, you need to crawl away to your right, since when shooting from automatic weapons in bursts the shots go to the left - up from the person being shot at.

However, if the height of the vegetation cover is small or some area of the terrain does not have shelter from bullets, but is protected only from observation, or the enemy’s position is already very close, you should freeze after falling and especially avoid head movements that are clearly visible.

If for some reason the command to stop is given, then you should not completely stop moving in the place where such an order was received, but you need to take the nearest shelter, convenient for possible firing and further movement.

The principle of “from shelter to shelter” must be used within reasonable limits. It should not be used if you unexpectedly come under enemy fire. In such a situation, you won’t be able to run 10 meters. You need to fall right away.

You should not, in search of safety, use too obvious and easily accessible shelters. The ability of such shelters to “attract” soldiers is known. In such places, soldiers often “crowd together.” The enemy can shoot them well or mine them, and (instead of protection) they will become a trap. Enemy soldiers first shoot through the most obvious shelters, which are therefore even called “nests for enemy shells.” The enemy can specially equip them to lure and destroy attackers in them. For example, the enemy can dig entire lines of trenches with a normal parapet on the attacking side and a hidden parapet on the defensive side. The infantry, having captured such a trench, is methodically shot by the enemy or (if the second trench is close) is bombarded with grenades: after all, the attacker has a limited supply of grenades, but the defender can accumulate them in large quantities in advance.

A simpler version of the same trick is to pour piles of earth and “plant” bushes at a strictly defined distance from their positions. Destroying attackers is much easier, since the exact distance to the places where they will try to hide is known.

Finally, when you are sufficiently close to the enemy, as a rule, there is no cover from fire and you have to use ultra-short dashes as a means of making it difficult for the enemy to aim.

Time

If the next shelter is far away, then another factor comes into force - the time it takes to overcome open area. If the distance, and, consequently, the time to run, is significant, then the enemy will be able to start and, most importantly, adjust his aimed fire at the moving soldier. The time it takes a soldier to move depends on the density and effectiveness of enemy fire. The stronger the enemy fire, the smaller it should be. As a rule, as you approach the enemy’s position, his fire becomes stronger and more effective. Therefore, the closer to the enemy, the shorter and faster the movement should be. If at a distance of 700-800 meters the length of movement can be 40-50 steps (overcome in 30 seconds), at a distance of 400-500 meters - 15-20 steps, then close to the enemy or under his intense fire it should be 5 steps.

It is believed that in the 3 seconds required for a short dash, the enemy will not have time to make an aimed shot. It takes the average soldier about 5 seconds to fire an aimed shot. To remember the length of this short distance the expression is used "[I] stood up - he - saw - me - down." For every word a step is taken.

If the enemy is conducting aimed fire, then you need to move, not allowing him to take aim. In such a situation, simply falling out of the blue means turning into a good target and dying.

While under the enemy's observation, before making a dash, you need to calculate how long you can run before the enemy's first aimed shot: you need to mentally add up the time it will take for the enemy to understand that the soldier has started running, how long it will take him to raise his weapon, to aim, to shoot, he should also take into account how long it will take the enemy’s bullet to fly to the soldier’s location (the bullet does not cover the distance instantly), the result obtained should be compared with the speed of the run. This way you can approximately estimate the distance of a relatively safe run. In general, calculating the enemy’s reaction time to one’s own actions is a technique that is advisable to use in various situations.

An illustrative exercise that allows training soldiers to feel a reasonable range of movement is a training attack of one group of soldiers on another. In this case, the “defenders” must have time to take aim at them while the “attackers” are moving. Then the roles change. In order to correctly select the distance to move, it is necessary to take into account the presence of shelters and “calculate” the time when the person running across will be open to enemy fire. If the next shelter is located too far away, then you should not try to reach it in one run at any cost. It could cost lives.

Running on flat ground

Using dashes is also useful on flat terrain. Even relatively low vegetation can provide cover from enemy observation and therefore make it difficult for him to aim. The prone position is the most stable for shooting, therefore improving the effectiveness of shooting to suppress the enemy. In addition, a purely psychological factor is also at work. The enemy sees that, now in one place, now in another, an enemy attacking him appears. And since everyone is uniformed the same, it is difficult to determine how many attackers there are. And out of fear, the number of attackers, compared to the real one, increases. In addition, it is difficult for the defender to track the effectiveness of his fire, since the attackers are constantly falling and rising. By general rule, preference should still be given to moving to cover, but the specific situation should dictate the final decision.

If enemy artillery opens fire, the area under fire must be covered in one long dash as quickly as possible. The dash should be made to the width of the artillery “fork” (50-100 meters).

Zigzag dashes can be used when coming under single sniper fire, when the zigzags cause the enemy sniper to make a mistake in choosing the aiming point for his single shot. An ordinary machine gunner and submachine gunner, in order to hit a moving target, fires a burst at a running target with an inevitable spread of bullets, and there is little benefit from zigzags, so here it is best to simply reduce the time spent under enemy fire by running in a straight line.

If possible, the speed of approaching the enemy, and indeed the entire attack, should be such that the enemy does not have time to bring his reinforcements to the attacked units or reorganize for defense. It is also necessary to take other measures to prevent the supply of enemy reserves, for example, shelling possible routes of their approach, simulating attacks in other directions, etc.


[ all articles ]