The sport of diving is called. Extreme diving from great heights. An attractive place for jumping tourists

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Jumping into water from great heights is becoming increasingly popular. For the sake of such extreme sports, many spectators are ready to gather near the TV screens and watch the Olympic competitions

In addition, against this background, a lot of controversy arises about whether there are many such daredevils who can engage in this sport at various Olympics and so on. This all arises due to the fact that many people love extreme sports and are ready to do crazy things for this.

Diving for girls - a special approach to classes

In the last two seasons, girls began to compete in diving. Such jumps are performed from a height that reaches twenty meters. In terms of height, this corresponds to jumping from a bridge. If the jumps are performed by men, then seven-meter extension towers can be installed to such a bridge.

Many people argue about whether high diving can be called a sport? There are discrepancies here, because on the one hand, high diving is a sport, and on the other, the opposite can be said. Speaking on average, they are pure extreme.

And if we compare jumps that are performed from a bungee and jumps that are performed from towers, then jumps from towers are more difficult. Also, to perform jumps from a height of ten meters, many try to enter the water head down, since such an entry is more difficult than simply entering upside down.

Spin - because this will be your success during the dive

Gary Hunt is a leader in diving. Every time he tries to make the jumps more difficult. He performs great and very difficult combinations. He managed to turn around three times while jumping, performing 4.5 spins. But his record was recently broken by another American, Steve Lobu. He performed a jump that cost 5.1, and his second jump cost 5.4.

• Hunt was always respected because he always tried to invent something new and new. These were both easy and difficult combinations in which he performed amazing spins. It is very difficult to do such tricks while diving because you can lose control. That is, for such combinations you need to be not only brave and courageous, but also have a “cool head”.

As for Lobu, he moved along a more primitive path. First, he managed to master jumping from a height of twenty-seven meters, while performing revolutions. It is also important to make half screws, since they will only make the combination easier. By doing everything correctly, you can avoid “blind” entries into the water. Only when Lob managed to perform the jumps perfectly and such a height no longer seemed scary to him, he tried to perform five revolutions with the same jump, but at the same time using the back stance.

The whole fear here is that these combinations and their execution take too much time, and correct entry There may simply not be enough time to get into the water. But, based on practice, no matter how complex the athletes’ combinations are, the one whose jumps are simpler wins the competition. Articles report this diving games.

The diving championships are held by FINA. Since one thousand nine hundred and four, such a sport as diving began to appear on Olympic Games and to this day World Championships are held in this sport.

A memorable event was Olympic Games 1988 diving. As for synchronized jumps, they were first included in the games program in the year 2000. Judging is carried out by nine judges. Four judges evaluate the technique of the elements and how difficult it is to perform a given combination.

As for the rest of the Judges, they were assessing synchronicity. Judges give scores ranging from zero to ten points. Then the best and worst ratings are filtered out. Thus, the average score is derived.

Olympic and diving game from towers- What's the Difference? Jumping can be performed both from springboards and from towers. But what is the difference between ski jumping and platform jumping? As for ski jumping, the athlete first swings before jumping and only then jumps into the water, while platform diving does not require any swinging. Such a tower is strictly fixed.

• Diving boards are installed at a height of 1 meter or 3 meters. As for the tower, it is installed at a height of 5 meters, 7.5 meters and 10 meters.
• When performing a jump, the athlete must be facing the water. There are also jumps that are performed with your back to the pool. There are also jumps that require a preliminary run-up.

Diving sections for children

In order to achieve results in this sport, it takes quite a few years, so if you are interested in this sport, then no one is stopping you from sending your child there or starting it for you personally.

Summer is just around the corner, which means the time will come when you can spend time on the beach, sunbathing and swimming. Well, to have a fun and varied time, it’s not enough just to swim, you also need to learn how to jump into the water. This skill will come in handy many times later. We will tell you how to jump into the water correctly and give you practical advice, which will allow you to learn how to jump into water without negative consequences.

Experienced athletes jump from towers and springboards, performing various acrobatic tricks during the flight, however, if you are a beginner or an amateur, then start at low heights. There are several simple types diving, the technique of which always consists of four phases: approach, push, flight and entry.

• Soldier jump. Starting position: body straightened, arms along the body, legs together, chin raised. Next, you need to push off. To do this, you need to bend your knees slightly and push forward and upward from the surface. During flight, your body should always remain upright and your head should remain slightly elevated. Last phase- entry into the water occurs at right angles to the water;

• Bomb jump is also performed, but after you push off, you need to bend your legs in knee joints and bend your knees under you, clasping them with your hands;
• A fish jump is a head-down jump. Starting position: body straightened, arms straightened and extended upward, palms connected. Push off with your feet and dive vertically head down with with outstretched arms. It is very important to jump into the water with an even body so that your stomach does not hit the water. Also bring your legs together so that they resemble the tail of a fish.

Safety precautions.

When you learn to jump into water, it is very important to follow safety rules. First of all, don't be afraid. Fear of water and heights is the main reason why people become disorientated while jumping. Secondly, you must know exactly how long you can spend underwater. Thirdly, perform acrobatic exercises to train the vestibular system. For example, jump over a pommel horse or do somersaults on a mat. And of course, if you decide to jump into the water, it’s worth it or mastering it - it’s not the swimming style that matters, but your ability to stay on the water.

The main safety rule when diving is proper grouping. Your body should be straight and as elongated as possible when entering the water. You need to enter the water either with your feet or head down. Otherwise, you may injure parts of your body. And one more thing: to avoid this, choose proven bodies of water where you are sure of sufficient depth and bottom topography.

Tips: how to learn to jump into water.

• To saturate your blood with oxygen before jumping, take several deep and quick breaths in and out;
• You must be convinced that the water depth is sufficient for diving;
• Don't be afraid or upset if you didn't manage to jump into the water beautifully the first time;
• Learn to group in the air.

Video

Since the 1990s the program official competitions also includes synchronized jumps. Extreme cliff jumping (high diving) has become increasingly popular lately.

Regular diving exercises strengthen muscular system, develop coordination of movements and the vestibular apparatus, develop willpower and composure.

Rules.

Jumping into water is carried out from a springboard or tower. A springboard is a special board at least 4.8 m long and 0.5 m wide, one end of which is fixed to the side of the pool. Installed at a height of 1–3 m above the water level. It has an anti-slip coating along its entire length. The springboard allows the jumper to swing well and, having received additional acceleration due to this, push off powerfully.

Tower – a structure with platforms at different heights: 1, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 m. Platform width – 2, length – 6 m. The edge of the platform (as well as the front edge of the springboard) protrudes beyond the edge of the pool by at least 1 .5 m.

At the Olympic Games, athletes compete in 3-meter springboard and 10-meter platform diving. In the program of some international competitions also include meter springboard jumping.

Stances and techniques. Classification of jumps.

Jumps are performed from front(facing the water) or rear(back to the water) racks, as well as handstands; from place or from a running start.

The following body positions of the athlete during the jump are distinguished:

bending over– straight legs connected together;

bent over– body bent at the waist, legs straight;

in a group– the body is grouped with the knees connected together, the arms clasped bottom part legs

In all positions, the toes of the feet are extended.

When jumping, the athlete performs the following: technique:

half turn– jump with body rotation around the transverse axis by 180 degrees;

turnover– a jump with a body rotation around a transverse axis of 360 degrees, there are also jumps of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 revolutions;

half screw– jump with body rotation around the longitudinal axis by 180 degrees;

screw– a jump with body rotation around the longitudinal axis by 360 degrees, there are also jumps with 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 screws.

Diving is divided into 6 types (classes):

– jumping from front stands with rotation forward;

– jumping from rear stands with rotation back;

– jumping from front stands with rotation back;

– jumping from rear stands with rotation forward;

– jumping from rotation around the longitudinal axis(with screws);

– jumping from handstands(performed only on the tower).

According to experts, there are now more than 60 main methods of diving from a springboard and about 90 from a tower. In addition, athletes “invent” their own variations, including figures and technical elements from different jumps.

Competition formula.

At the Olympic Games and World Championships, the 3-meter springboard and 10-meter platform diving competitions are divided into three stages. Preliminary(or qualifying)stage, based on the results of which the 18 best jumpers are determined, semi-final, where out of these 18 the 12 strongest are determined and, finally, the final. The points received by the athlete in the semi-finals are added to his scores for the “final jumps”. The jumper with the most total points is the winner.

On the springboard, men perform 6 jumps of different types at the preliminary stage and in the final (in both cases the difficulty coefficient of the jumps is not limited), in the semi-finals - 5 jumps of different types, the total difficulty coefficient of which should not exceed 9.5. Women's competitions follow the same pattern - with one single exception: in all three stages they perform 5 jumps.

Accordingly, platform diving competitions are held according to the 6+4+6 scheme (for women: 5+4+5), and the total difficulty coefficient of the jumps performed in the semi-finals should not exceed 7.6.

The meter springboard jumping competition consists of one stage. Athletes perform 6 (women - 5) jumps of different types without limiting the difficulty coefficient.

Before the start of the competition, each athlete fills out a protocol within the established time frame, in which he indicates all the jumps he performs. The order of these jumps cannot be violated. A jump declared under a different number or not declared at all is not counted.

How is the jump assessed?

At the Olympic Games, Championships and World Cups, jumps are assessed by 7 (at other competitions there may be 5) line judges, who are located on the sides of the platform (springboard) according to the instructions of the chief judge.

The jump is scored on a 10-point system: from 0 (lowest score) to 10 (highest). When calculating the overall score for a jump, the highest and lowest scores are discarded, the remaining ones are summed up and multiplied by the jump difficulty coefficient (from 1.2 to 3.6). The result obtained is multiplied by 0.6.

The judges evaluate the following components of the jump:

starting position - should be relaxed and natural;

run-up – must be performed freely, naturally, in a straight line and consist of at least 4 steps;

repulsion – must be confident and directed upward (when jumping from a springboard, the athlete must push off with only two legs at the same time; when jumping from a platform from the front stance, pushing off with one leg is allowed);

bounce (flight) – all figures and elements must be executed cleanly and beautifully;

entrance to the water – should be as vertical as possible with a minimum of splashes.

The jump is considered complete when the athlete's entire body is under water.

At the 1984 Olympic Games, American jumper Gregory Efthimios Louganis ( see below) received record scores: 754.41 points for 11 ski jumps and 710.91 for platform jumps. That same year, at the World Championships in Ecuador, he received the highest score from all seven judges - 10 points - for a platform jump: a 1.5-turn forward somersault while bending over.

Jumper preparation.

Diving is one of the water sports disciplines, but the athlete performs the main technical elements of the jump in the air - before contact with the water surface. Therefore, he must be trained, first of all, as an acrobat and gymnast.

They begin to master the technique with training jumps from the side of the pool, the starting block or the 80-100 cm springboard. Then they master the 3-meter springboard and gradually reach the 5- and 10-meter tower. The jumping technique itself is also becoming more complex: from an elementary dismount into the water feet down (“soldier”) to the more complex “swallow” (a half-turn forward bending from the front stance) and other “aerobatic maneuvers.”

Diving requires excellent physical training, coordination of movements and considerable courage: the flight speed at the moment of the jump can exceed 50 km/h. An incorrect entry into the water - especially when jumping from a 10-meter tower - is fraught not only with the loss of precious points, but also with serious bruises. Technical errors at the moment of repulsion or the flight itself promise no less trouble. Even the most titled athletes are not immune from such mistakes. For example, Louganis received a serious head injury at the 1988 Olympic Games (which, however, did not prevent him from winning competitions in both types of programs).

The most dangerous of all are considered to be jumps from the front stance with backward rotation and from the back stance with forward rotation.

From the history of diving.

Historical documents have been preserved indicating that jumping into the water (feet and head first) from rocks, reefs, ships, etc. was practiced in ancient times. This was mainly done by fishermen, divers and warriors. Moreover, among the ancient Romans, warriors often jumped in full combat gear.

Similar entertainment was no less popular in later times. It is known, for example, that diving was popular in Germany in the Middle Ages.

According to some documents, the first diving competitions in history took place in the 17th century - of course, on natural reservoirs.

In Germany, ski jumping was more popular, and in Sweden - from the tower. Until the First World War, these countries were the trendsetters of “sports fashion” in their respective disciplines (by the way, it was in Germany and Sweden that gymnastics became widespread back in the 17th century). Over time, the Americans developed their own universal jumping style, borrowing the strengths of each of the “legislators”: from the Germans - powerful work legs at the moment of jumping (which is achieved due to strong muscle tension at the right moment), the Swedes have relaxed arms and shoulders. Thus, the foundation of modern diving technology was laid, providing a high reach and entry into the water “without splashing.” (It is interesting that the “father” of diving in the USA was coach Ernest Brandsten, who was part of the Swedish Olympic team in 1908 and later moved to America.)

The first modern diving competitions took place around 1880 in Great Britain. The European Championship debuted in 1890.

FINA was created in 1908, and in 1927 European League swimming (FLEN).

The World Championship has been held since 1973. Louganis won a record number of world titles - 5 (in 1978 in platform diving, in 1982 and 1986 - in platform and springboard). American Philip George Boggs won three world gold medals in one type of program (springboard) - in 1973, 1975 and 1978.

Currently, the leaders among male jumpers include the Chinese Yu Zhouchen, Tian Lian and Xu Xiang, the German Andreas Wels, the Russian Dmitry Sautin, the Mexican Fernando Platas and others. For women, the leading roles are taken by Canadian Miriam Boileu, Chinese Fu Minxia, ​​Liang Xiaojiao and etc.

Diving at the Olympic Games.

In 1904, diving was first included in the program of the Olympic Games. The men competed in the platform jump (George Sheldon won) and the distance jump (Paul Dickey won gold). In 1908, ski jumping was added to the program. Distance jumping competitions were no longer held, but the program of the Games of 1912, 1920 and 1924, along with the usual jumps for us, also included the so-called “ simple jumps" The Swedes had no equal in this discipline.

Women made their debut at the Olympics in 1912 - in platform diving. Since 1920 they have also competed in ski jumping.

For a long time, victory at Olympic tournaments (with rare exceptions, such as the “gold” of the Mexican P. Capilla at the 56 Games on the platform) was celebrated exclusively by Americans. At the same time, Albert White and Peter Desjardins (in 1924 and 1928, respectively) made a “golden” double: they won both types of the program. On the Olympic platform in the 30s, Dorothy Poynton had no equal. In the 1950s, Patricia Joan McCormick (nee Keller) reigned supreme on the women's platform and springboard circuit. At two Games in a row, Samuel Lee (1948, 1952) and Robert Webster (1960, 1964) excelled in platform diving. In total, US jumpers won more than half of all Olympic awards(including gold ones).

In the early 1960s, Europeans began to “catch up” with them. First of all, the Italian Klaus Dibiasi. The German woman I. Engel-Kremer (before her marriage - Kremer), who competed for the United Team of Germany, was first on the springboard at two Games in a row - in 1960 and 1964. And at the 60 Games she had no equal in platform diving. In 1968, Milena Duhkova (Czechoslovakia) succeeded in this type of program, and in 1972, the Swede Ulrika Knape. In the 70s, Soviet athletes also entered the Olympic elite of diving . Recently, notable successes have been achieved by athletes from China, who even managed to win three of the four top awards at the “native” Olympics for the Americans in Atlanta.

The largest number of Olympic medals - 5 each - were won by Dibiasi (3 gold, 2 silver - in 1964-1976) and Louganis (4 gold medals and 1 silver - in 1976, 1984 and 1988). Dibiase was also the only diver to win one event (platform) at three Games in a row: in 1968, 1972 and 1976. Two divers managed to make an Olympic “double” at two Games in a row. These are McCormick (1952, 1956) and Louganis (1984 and 1988).

For a long time, the official program of the Olympics included only individual jumps from the 3-meter springboard and 10-meter platform. At the 2000 Games, athletes competed in synchronized diving for the first time.

Synchronized jumps.

Synchronized jumps were first demonstrated in the early 1970s at demonstration performances. The initiators of “pair jumps” were Soviet athletes.

Many experts were skeptical about the innovation. Synchronized jumping, by definition, requires not only high individual skill, but also complete coordination in the actions of the athletes. Skeptics thought it was impossible to achieve this, and the successes of individual couples were initially attributed solely to luck. But the German jumpers, who confidently won victory after victory in unofficial competitions, proved that synchronization in diving is quite achievable. Gradually, the new discipline gained recognition in many countries around the world. The former favorites now have many serious competitors - from Italy, China and Russia, who were later joined by synchronized swimmers from Australia, Mexico and Ukraine.

In 1997, synchronized jumping was first included in the program of official competitions (European Championships), and in 2000 their Olympic debut took place. Russian synchronized swimmers performed successfully at the Sydney Olympics. Dmitry Sautin and Igor Lukashin won gold in men's platform diving, and Vera Ilyina and Yulia Pakhalina won gold in women's ski jumping. In addition, D. Sautin and A. Dobroskok were second in ski jumping.

At the Olympic Games and World Championships, synchronized swimmers compete for four sets of awards: 3-meter springboard and 10-meter platform jumping (men and women). The final is preceded by a qualifying stage. Unlike “regular” jumps, in “synchronized” the winner is determined only by the results of the final part of the tournament.

The performance is assessed by 9 judges: 5 – synchronized jump and 2 – individual equipment each member of the couple. If all five marks for synchronization (or all four for technique) are zero, overall rating for a jump is 0 points.

Diving in Russia.

The first diving competitions took place in Russia in 1913.

In the USSR, it has been cultivated as a sport since the 20s. The national championship has been held since 1923.

In 1952, the All-Union Diving Federation was formed (before that, a special section operated within the structure of the USSR Swimming Federation). That same year, Soviet jumpers made their debut at the Olympic Games. They reached the finals in all 4 types of the program and eventually took 4th place in the unofficial team competition. Eight years later, the USSR team won the first Olympic medal: At the Games in Rome, Ninel Krutova was third in the women's platform diving. The 68 Games brought us two silver medals in women's jumping: Tamara Fedosova (springboard) and Natalya Kuznetsova (platform).

In 1972, Vladimir Vasin, on the third attempt (he performed unsuccessfully at the two previous Games), won gold on the springboard, beating the tournament favorites - Italians Klaus Dibiasi and Franco Cagnotto and a group of strong Americans. At the next Games, the “golden” initiative was supported by Elena Voitsekhovskaya (tower). Vladimir Aleynik (tower) and Alexander Kosenkov (springboard) won bronze in Montreal. In 1980, Alexander Portnov and Irina Kalinina became Olympic champions on the springboard. (Two years earlier, Kalinina also scored the first gold double in the history of the World Championships.)

At the end of the 1980s, about 15 thousand people were involved in diving in the USSR, including more than a hundred masters of sports.

The Russian Diving Federation was created in 1990, unites 32 sports organizations 15 subjects of the Russian Federation. Part of FINA and LENA. The federation is headed by S.G. Gorodkov. The Federation competes for the Russian championship and holds a national championship, and actively participates in international competitions.

In 1998, Russia became the first country in the history of the World Championships to win 5 out of 10 gold medals. Irina Lashko won in the 1-meter springboard, Yulia Pakhalina - in the 3-meter springboard, they were also the best in synchronized diving. Dmitry Sautin made a golden double.

Currently, Sautin is one of the most titled jumpers in the world. Repeated world and European champion, winner of the World and European Cups, Grand Prix winner, champion of the Goodwill Games, he also has in his collection three Olympic bronzes and a gold in individual jumps, as well as a gold and a silver. in sync.

Among the best Russian jumpers are also I. Lashko, Y. Pakhalina, V. Ilyina and others.

Cliff diving is a type of diving that will take your breath away. Jumping into open water takes place with high altitude, therefore, only the bravest and most prepared people decide on them.

This type of sport is actively developing, experienced swimmers participate in world-class competitions, gathering many fans of this risky and spectacular diving.

Basic Concepts

High diving (another name for cliff diving) is a sport that requires a sheer cliff (as translated from in English the word “cliff”), under which open water flows, with a depth of 5 meters. There are many similar places on earth, each of which captivates with its beauty and risk. They are organizing there sporting events, during which the most daring and advanced divers compete in skill.

“Cliff” and “high” are two types of diving, differing very conditionally, therefore they are used on equal terms. High diving involves jumping into the water from specially built scaffolding, and cliff diving involves diving directly from the rocks.

History of origin

The history of cliff diving begins in Hawaii, whose steep cliffs seem to be created for diving into the water. This entertainment appeared many years ago among local residents, who similarly competed in courage and courage. For many decades, this ritual was used to confirm the maturation of young men.

Such diving was also common in the Balkans, where residents jumped into the water from a bridge 20 meters high.

At the beginning of the 20th century, all mention of cliff diving disappeared, only to reappear in the 80s. years. At this time, athletes united in interest groups, traveling to picturesque corners to perform risky jumps. Significant results were achieved by the American Wardle, who conquered a height of 37 meters; a little later, her record was broken by a Swiss citizen who dived into the water from a height of 53.9 meters.

In 1996, this area of ​​the sport acquired official features; the High Diving Federation was created in Switzerland, bringing together professionals and amateurs of this sport under its wing.

For more than ten years this type of diving had no official calling, but in 2009 the first World Series was held under the auspices of Red Bull GmbH. And in 2013, a cliff diving championship was held, with strict rules for the maximum height of diving: women - from a 20-meter cliff, men - from a 27-meter cliff.

Every year the number of stages held increases. Eg, in 2015 there were already 8 of them. In 2016, citizens of England, Russia and the USA took prizes.

Differences from diving

Diving and cliff diving have no fundamental differences. Both varieties sports competitions consist of performing a trick in strict accordance with established rules.

The general criteria for evaluating jumps are:

• technical indicators;
• literacy of the executed figures;
• moment of entering the water.

Distinctive features of cliff diving from regular diving from a tower:

• the height of the jumps performed is 2 times higher than the maximum possible parameters of the Olympic disciplines: for men from 22 to 27 meters, for women from 18 to 23 meters;
• the speed developed at the moment of entering the water can range from 75 to 100 km/h (for example, from a tower 10 meters high, this speed is only 50 km/h);
• the depth of immersion can reach 4.5 meters, which is 1.5 more than during ski jumping;
• the time the diver spends in flight is 3 seconds, which is 2 times longer than a normal dive;
• entering the water with your feet down;
• holding competitions only in open spaces;
• the impact force of the body at the moment of contact with water is 9 times more powerful than during a jump from a tower.

If a swimmer enters the water incorrectly when jumping from a cliff more than 20 meters high, he can suffer injuries comparable in severity to a fall from 13 meters.

Features of diving

There is a misconception that such jumps are easy to perform, but in reality everything is more complicated. Among the adherents of cliff diving, there are beginners and amateurs, virtuosos and professionals. It is not difficult to isolate them from each other, at least in terms of execution technique (for example, beginners jump exclusively in the “soldier” pose, without performing additional tricks). Experienced divers always show risky elements and enter the water head down.

The maximum jump height depends on the athlete’s level of preparedness and can exceed 30 meters.

Difficulty performing tricks :

1. Immersion in water that takes place under severe overloads, requiring the diver to maintain a vertical body position. Otherwise the person may get serious injuries.
2. Difficulties in calculating the trajectory of the dive, arising from the high height of the jump.
3. Planning acrobatic tricks, which have no more than 3 seconds to demonstrate.

Beginner divers hone their skills without tricks, while professionals can perform from 3 to 7 elements during the flight.

The Cliff Diving Federation has developed a unified list of jumps, which describes 149 of their varieties, as well as specifications acrobatics and features of athletes entering the water.

In order for the cliff diver to determine the estimated landing point, a jet emitted from a fire hose is used. And for insurance, there are specially trained divers who swim nearby and, at the first need, are able to get the diver out of the water.

The best places to jump

Cliff diving is a leader among other sports in terms of its entertainment value. The picturesque surrounding landscapes add a special highlight to it.

The most spectacular jumps are performed on:

• Jamaica: Rick's Cafe;
• Hawaii: Kahekili's Leap;
• Australia: Ord River;
• USA, Vermont;
• Canada: Horseshoe Lake;
• Ireland: Serpent's Lair.

Particularly interesting is the diving that takes place in water with sharp rock formations located underneath. The athlete has a high risk of collision with them and instant death.

To enjoy the skills of cliff divers, you can go to the following countries:

• Krabi Island, Thailand: here jumps are performed among picturesque rocks, cut with caves and rich in waterfalls;
• the vicinity of the city of Kimberley in Australia: this area is distinguished by multi-level heights of rocks and gorges;
• Santorini island in Greece: alluring with the beauty of turquoise waves and medium-height elevations from which divers perform dangerous tricks. Beginners are more common here, because professionals work at more serious heights.

What is so attractive about cliff diving?

A person who chooses cliff diving undergoes a lot of training to prepare his body for this risky event:

• jumping in the pool from towers of different heights;
• introduction to the basics of acrobatics, performing twists and somersaults;
• increasing personal endurance;
• strengthening the muscle corset.

All these measures are necessary to ensure the safety of a diver entering the water at a speed of 100 km/h, which requires full muscle tension to maintain an even body position. Any mistake could result in serious injury.

Besides physical training, psychological ones are important. A man diving into the water from a high cliff struggles with himself, his own fears and emotions. Control of the latter allows you to carry out your plans as accurately and safely as possible.

Why is this type of diving so attractive? The jump performed by a diver causes a large amount of adrenaline to be released into his blood and a persistent increase in blood pressure. Moreover, such emotions are experienced not only by the athlete himself, but also by the spectators watching his work. The single moment that a jump lasts is the result of years of hard training to achieve perfection.

The following dangers await a cliff diver:

• gusts of wind that disrupt the chosen trajectory and provoke the occurrence of traumatic situations;
• loss of coordination, threatening irreversible consequences;
• prolongation of the time of performing tricks, preventing the correct entry into the water.

One failed jump can, if not kill a person, then turn him away from the sport forever. Therefore, there are no more than 100 professionals in their field all over the world.

Cliff diving competition

True connoisseurs of cliff diving are not stopped by danger, risks or fear. Especially for these people, as well as connoisseurs of spectator sports, competitions are held that are highly popular.

In cliff diving it is difficult to predict the winner. Any athlete can perform a jump with incredible trick elements and land so precisely that he will become a champion in an instant. Therefore, hundreds and thousands of people flock to the venues for the annual competitions.

Cliff jumping competitions are organized under the leadership of the International Federation of this sport, which is completely autonomous. This organization conducts world and European stages called the International Cliff Diving Championship.

In addition, competitions around the world are held by Red Bull, they are called Cliff Diving World Series. Since 2013, there has been a World High Diving Championship. The first took place in Barcelona, ​​the second in Kazan, where Russian Artem Silchenko was awarded a bronze medal.

Separately, it is worth noting the Cliff Diving World Cup, which brings together only eminent athletes whose jumps amaze with their riskiness and refinement of movements. In 2015, the representative of the Russian Federation took first place, beating well-known favorites.

How are jumps scored?

Cliff diving competitions are held in strict accordance with developed standards and requirements for performing jumps and stunt elements.

Grades are given as follows:

• The competition is judged by five people, each of whom represents their country;
• the technique and complexity of the elements performed are assessed separately;
• the scoring system has 10 points;
• the step can be 0.5 and 0.25 points;
• during the calculation, the smallest and largest indicators are not taken, the remaining points are summed up and the resulting result is multiplied by a coefficient that determines the difficulty of the jump.

Judges evaluate diving based on the following criteria:

1. The qualities of the jump: the height of its implementation, the athlete’s starting position, the force and angle of the jump, the position of the body at the moment of the push are analyzed.
2. Performed figures: coups, rotations, somersaults and other acrobatic elements, as well as the placement of limbs at the time of its implementation.
3. Entries into the water: verticality of the body, position of the arms, deviation from the initial trajectory and the amount of splashes created.

If an athlete makes mistakes, he is given penalty points. Complexity is assessed using a coefficient that consists of several components. Its basis is the height of the cliff from which the jump is made. The judges start from it, assessing the duration of the flight and the number of figures performed by the diver.

Cliff diving is still in an amateur niche, so its development is taking small steps. High diving can become a mass sport only if it is classified as Olympic disciplines. But the people who perform cliff jumps are real professionals who get adrenaline and give the audience a storm of emotions and a spectacle of indescribable beauty. We also remind you that here in St. Petersburg you can pass and receive a real full-fledged NDL diver certificate. We also conduct

Diving is one of the most exciting pastimes that both adults and children enjoy. The history of this activity has deep roots. Since ancient times, the peoples of many countries had daredevils who, for fun, threw themselves into the seas and rivers from cliffs, bridges, and ship masts. Hindus, for example, jumped straight into a deep, water-filled well from the top of a 20-meter temple. Almost half a millennium ago, young Swiss and Romanian jumpers were famous for their ability to dive from bridges. Amazingly, it was precisely because of the fear of being cut in half that they did not jump with their feet down - “soldier-like”, but exclusively with their heads down. French circus performers managed to jump into the river even on bicycles and horses. In Rus' there were quite a few jumpers of this kind who were not afraid to jump from a fairly high height. This hobby was recognized as a sport at the Second Summer Olympic Games in Paris in 1900. At the same time, the brave men who decided to perform difficult jumps wore sweaters or special quilted jackets, since jumping into water from a great height requires serious sports training and bring not only self-satisfaction, but also danger. Let's try to figure out what you need to know in order to protect yourself from bruises and injuries when jumping into the water.

Jumping into water is carried out from a certain height, usually with a certain initial speed. After the start of the jump and before entering the water, the jumper moves in the air under the influence of two forces: gravity and air resistance forces . The latter is small enough that it can be neglected in our calculations. Taking this into account, we will calculate what speed a person will have at the surface of the water if he jumped from a height and had an initial speed directed at an angle to the horizon. Let's also determine the jump range - the horizontal distance from the starting point to the entry point into the water.

The speed is easily determined based on the law of conservation of energy:

where is the acceleration of gravity, is the mass of the person, and is the speed of entry into the water. After mathematical transformations we get:

Thus, if a jump is performed from a height of 5 m with an initial speed of 4 m/s, then the entry speed into the water will be approximately 10.7 m/s or 39 km/h. This is quite a high speed, and if it collides with water, it can lead to bruises and injuries. The safest way to enter the water is with your feet down (“soldier”) or your head with your arms outstretched forward to soften the impact of the water (“fish”). But the latter option is much more difficult to accomplish, since during the flight it is very difficult to control the rotation of the body and it is possible to collide with the water on the stomach or back, and at high speed this is unsafe. Athletes who engage in diving practice a lot to learn how to control their body during the jump and enter the water with virtually no splashes. Moreover, the higher the starting point of the jump, the more difficult it is to perform it safely. And you need to think carefully before taking risks. Moreover, the duration of the jump is very short, for example, a jump from a height of 5 m lasts about 1 s.

Let's now calculate the jump distance. To do this, you need to use kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion and create a system:

.

Eliminating the duration of the jump, we find the maximum jump distance, which is obtained if the angle is 45 0:

Thus, if a jump is performed from a height of 5 m with an initial speed of 4 m/s, then the maximum jump distance will be 3.8 m, and with an initial speed of 2 m/s - 1.6 m. This must be taken into account in order to control the entry point into water. When jumping into water, it is also necessary to take into account the depth of the reservoir so as not to hit the bottom or other unsafe objects lying on it and not visible from above. In this case, dangerous places are indicated by special signs, which in no case should be ignored.

Let's calculate the depth of immersion if the speed of entry into the water is equal to . At the considered speeds and the “fish” jump, we can assume that the force of hydrodynamic resistance of water is constant and equal to approximately 1000 H. In addition, since the average density of a person is approximately equal to the density of water, the force of gravity is balanced by the force of Archimedes. Then, using the law of conservation and transformation of energy, we obtain:

Thus, if the speed of entry into water is 10 m/s, which is obtained when jumping from a height of 5 m, without initial speed, and the mass of a person is 50 kg, then the depth of immersion will be 2.5 m. In order to reduce it, it is necessary or increase the force of hydrodynamic resistance of water by changing the shape of the body with the help of arms or legs, or jumping from a lower height. For example, when jumping from a height of 2 m without an initial speed, the entry speed into the water will be approximately 6.3 m/s, and the immersion depth will be about 1 m.

Some animals, just like people, love to dive into water. For example, dogs fearlessly rush after a ball thrown by their owner, and this often looks quite funny, especially under water.

We suggest you solve the problem using the proposed method:

Calculate at what speed and at what distance from the tower a jumper weighing 60 kg will enter the water, to what depth he will plunge if he jumped from a tower 10 m high with an initial speed of 5 m/s at an angle of 30 0 to the horizontal. Neglect air resistance. The hydrodynamic resistance force of water is considered constant and equal to 1000 N.