Bullet shooting. Types and features. Advantages and disadvantages. Story. Shooting sport - competitions Bullet shooting competitions

Shooting competitions are held on the basis of the rules of the national shooting federation, which in turn are based on the rules of the International Federation of UIT.

Competitions, competition dates, course, scores and duration

For all disciplines, the goal of the competition is to hit the target as accurately as possible. In case of the same hit (with the same number of points), the final result and rank are reported as follows:

In shooting competitions in rifle disciplines at a distance from the firing line of 10.50 m and 300 m and in pistol disciplines at a distance from the firing line of 10 m and 50 m and in the “running boar” discipline, the last series is decisive.

If the last series also shows the same number of points, then the result of the last series is counted, etc. If all series have the same number of points, then the quality of the last, penultimate shot is decisive.

In skeet shooting competitions, 25 skeet shots are fired for each shooter. If after three shoot-offs there is a tie again, the shooters will share the same spot. In high-speed pistol shooting, if the winners (1st-3rd places) have an equal number of points, a shootout is held, the shooters perform 3 series of 4 seconds each.

In competitions in shooting from a large-caliber pistol (revolver) and a small-caliber standard pistol (30+30), the winners have a shootout of 3 series of five shots when shooting at figured targets. In all cases, the shootout is conducted until one of the shooters wins for the corresponding prize place.

Free pistol (match pistol)

60 scored shots, 15 test shots, distance 50 m, time 2.5 hours, target with 10 rings.

Small caliber pistol for rapid fire

60 shots, 4 series, each 5 shots. In 8, 6 and 4 seconds on figured targets at a distance of 25 m. Competitions are held in two stages, on one day or two days in a row. The competition is held in such a way that in each technique there are 2 series of 8.6.4 seconds.

This also includes 5 test shots at any time. In case of failure (delay, breakdown, etc.) of the weapon, the series is repeated. When determining the result, the worst holes are counted. After the third refusal, misses (0 points) are counted for all targets that were not fired.

Free smallbore rifle (50 m) and free rifle (300 m)

The preparation has three positions (types of positions: lying, standing, kneeling), 120 shots (3 × 40), before each position it is allowed to fire 10 test shots, which can be performed both at the beginning and before each series at a distance of 50 m ( free smallbore rifle) or 300 m (free rifle), time 5¼ (prone 1½ hours, standing 2 hours, kneeling 1¾ hours); There is a 15 minute pause between positions. Olympic match (60 test prone shots, 15 test shots), distance 50 m, time 2 hours.

Trench shooting

During the competition, men and women shoot a series of 200 skeet, juniors - 150. A group of 6 shooters shoots in each competition. In some individual competitions, each shooter shoots a series of 25 clay pigeons. You can fire 2 shots at each skeet.

After each hit on the skeet, the shooters move one by one to each of the 5 shooting positions. A hit on the plate is counted if fragments are visible. The score is made by the competition judge and two side judges. If the plates “scatter” after the shot, then others are thrown in the same direction. 15 throwing devices are located in 5 batteries, each with 3 metal machine guns.

Ejections must be carried out in 15 different directions (5 - left, 5 - straight, 5 - right). The shooter does not know the angle of release and the direction of flight of the target. As a rule, 1 competition is held over 3 competition days (1st day - 75 skeet, 2nd day - 75 skeet, 3rd day - 50 skeet). After the first and second competition days, the throwing devices are placed by drawing lots according to a different system.

Skeet shooting

Like the trench skeet, each competition is played in groups of 6 shooters. Shooting is carried out at 200 “skeet”: they shoot at individual skeet and at doublets (one skeet is simultaneously released from both throwing machines, which fly towards each other). Only one shot can be fired at each skeet. The shooter's position is constantly changing so that each shooter can fire a shot from all 8 positions (under different conditions).

Running boar

The figure of a “boar” is visible in the “window” when running slowly for 5 seconds, when running fast- 2.5 sec. A total of 60 shots are fired (three series of 10 shots at a slow run and three series of 10 shots at a fast run).

On the first day of competition, 20 shots are fired while running slowly and on the second day, 10 shots are fired. Before the series, the shooter gets the right to fire one test shot each when the target is running to the left and when it is running to the left. right side. Shooters can practice shooting without a cartridge before their start.

Airguns

In competitions when shooting from air weapons (rifle and air pistol), 10 test shots and 40 test shots are performed. Completion time 1¾ hours.

Small bore standard rifle and large bore standard rifle

Shooting from three standard positions (types of positioning: prone, standing, kneeling); 60 shots (3 × 20), additionally 6 test shots are given before each position, total shooting time 2.5 hours, 60 shots, time 2 hours, 15 test shots.

Team competition

The team consists of 4 shooters (general class) or 3 shooters each for women, juniors and teenagers.

Sports shooting - a sport in which athletes compete in shooting accuracy from different types weapons.

History of the emergence and development of sports shooting

Shooting sport It is considered one of the most ancient applied sports. It appeared back in the distant times of bows and crossbows. In the middle of the 14th century, bows and crossbows evolved into firearms, after which bullet shooting began to actively develop.

In 1449, the first shooting societies began to appear in France. firearms, later they appeared in England and the USA.

In 1896, rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and since 1897, world championships in bullet shooting.

Types of sports shooting

Bullet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting from pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber rifles and pistols. Bullet shooting is Olympic form sports, in particular Olympic program includes 5 rifle shooting exercises (MV-5, VP-4, MV-6, MV-9, VP-6) and the same number of pistol shooting exercises (MP-5, PP-2, MP-6, MP-8, PP-3).

Abbreviations indicating the type of weapon:

VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small-caliber rifle
AB— standard large caliber rifle
PV- any large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small-caliber pistol
RP- revolver-pistol of central combat.

Exercises:

MV-5— shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position — prone, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.

VP-4- Pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 minutes. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MV-6- Random small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the following sequence: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 15 minutes). In each position, an unlimited number of test shots are allowed before performing scoring shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.

MV-9- Random small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the following sequence: 20 shots while lying down, 20 while standing, 20 from the knee. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each position, an unlimited number of test shots are allowed before performing scoring shots.

VP-6- Pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MP-5- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification the pistol for exercise MP-5) is usually called sports, although this is the same pistol from which exercise MP-10 is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out at a stationary target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - at an appearing target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half of each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between target appearances are 7 seconds). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

PP-2— shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.

PP-3— shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before the start of scoring shots.

MP-6- any small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 hours 00 minutes. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MP-8- rapid-fire small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; The shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two sets of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of the test shooting, one test series is performed in each half of the exercise for 8 seconds. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

The numbers in the abbreviations indicate the serial number of the exercise in the national sports classification in bullet shooting.

Skeet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting at open shooting ranges. Shooting is carried out with shot from smoothbore shotguns at special skeet targets.

The Olympic Games include 3 skeet shooting disciplines:

Round stand - athletes fire at clay pigeons, moving from one shooting station to another (8 in total), and also changing the shooting angle relative to the trajectories of flying targets.
Trench stand - athletes fire at clay pigeons thrown out of a trench in a random direction.
A double trap is the same as a trench stand, but the skeet is thrown out in pairs and the shooting is done in doublets.

Practical shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of which is to master and develop techniques that best suit various cases of using firearms.

Shooting skill is assessed as a balance of three main components:

Accuracy - points for hitting targets;
Speed - time from the start signal to the last shot;
Power - the use of weapons of greater power is encouraged by a large number of points awarded for hitting the scoring zones of targets, in addition, a minimum caliber and a minimum power factor are established.

The result is the sum of points for hitting all targets, including penalties, divided by the execution time.

Benchrest shooting is one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of the athletes is to fire five (or ten) shots at the scoring target; The smaller the group size, the higher the shooter’s place in the competition. In this case, shooting is performed while sitting at a special table with the rifle placed at point-blank range for shooting.

The following table shooting disciplines are distinguished:

benchrest BR-50 - shooting from small-caliber devices;
short benchrest - shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
benchrest Long Range - shooting at distances: 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and mile.

Varminting is one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting at long and ultra-long distances, mainly at rodents. It is allowed to use artificial targets that imitate the silhouette of marmots.

sniping- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting from sniper weapons.

Again I was drawn to the hardball theme. Today we will consider such a phenomenon in our sports shooting world as bullet shooting.

I would like to start with historical information. The shooting movement in Russia began to develop at the end XIX century, and the first shooting competitions took place in Khabarovsk May 25, 1898. So, gentlemen, fellow club members, we live next door to the birthplace of shooting sports in Russia.

Types of sports shooting

And now about bullet shooting. Shooting is highlighted:

from a pistol;
from a rifle;
on a moving target.

At the same time, the spread in the choice of weapons is also quite large:

pneumatic (4.5 mm);
small-caliber (5.6 mm);
large-caliber (6.5-7.62 mm for rifles, 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

In the Russian Federation, bullet shooting is supervised by the Shooting Union of Russia, in the world - by the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF).

Rifle shooting

Rifles from air to large-caliber are used. Distance to target – from 10 m to 300 m.

For shooting, the following positions are used: “prone”, “kneeling”, “standing”. The use of optical sights of any kind is prohibited.

Pistol shooting

Pistols, again, are used in all three types - pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber. Shooting is carried out only from a standing position, the weapon is held in one hand outstretched. Optics are not allowed here either.

Shooting at a moving target

Shooting is carried out from an air rifle (10 m) or a small-caliber rifle (50 m). The use of optics is permitted. At 50 m - any magnification, at 10 m - up to 4 times. Shooting is carried out only from a standing position.

At 10m a modified conventional target is used with an aiming point between a pair of targets:

Moving target 10 meters

At 50 m they shoot at the “boar”:

Moving target 50 meters

The targets move in both directions (left-right). When the target passes through an open space (“window”), one shot is fired.

In this sport, shooting is carried out from pneumatic (4.5 mm), small-caliber (5.6 mm) and large-caliber (7.62 mm for rifles and 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols) rifles and pistols with bullets. It is divided into pistol shooting, rifle shooting, and rifle shooting at a moving target. The procedure for assigning and confirming sports titles and categories in Russia is determined by the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification (EVSK).

Olympic disciplines

The Olympic rifle program includes 5 events. Of these, 2 are female (MV-5, VP-4) and 3 are male (MV-6, MV-9, VP-6). The pistol shooting program also includes 5 sets of medals. Of these, 2 are female (MP-5, PP-2) and 3 are male (MP-6, MP-8, PP-3).

Small caliber rifle

Exercise MV-5 (women): shooting from three positions (lying, standing and kneeling), 60 shots (20 from each position), distance 50 meters, target No. 7 (black circle diameter 112.4 mm, tens diameter 10 mm). For each position, 4 test targets are given, the number of test shots is not limited. Time to complete the exercise is 2 hours 15 minutes.
Exercise MV-6 (men): shooting from three positions (lying, standing and kneeling), 120 shots (40 from each position), distance 50 meters, target No. 7. For each position, 4 test targets are given (the number of test shots is not limited). The time for prone shooting is 45 minutes, for standing shooting is 1 hour 15 minutes and for kneeling shooting is 1 hour. In this case, the break when changing positions should be no more than 10 minutes.
Exercise MV-9 (men, women): prone shooting, 60 shots, distance 50 meters, target No. 7. 4 test targets, number of test shots is not limited. Time to complete the exercise is 1 hour 15 minutes.

Pneumatic rifle

Exercises VP-4 (women): standing shooting, 40 shots, distance 10 meters, target No. 8 (black circle diameter 30.5 mm, tens size 0.5 mm). You are given 4 test targets for the exercise; the number of test shots is not limited. Time to complete the exercise is 1 hour 15 minutes.
Exercise VP-6 (men): standing shooting, 60 shots, distance 10 meters, target No. 8. 4 test targets are given for the exercise, the number of test shots is not limited. Time to complete the exercise is 1 hour 45 minutes.

Small caliber pistol

Exercise MP-5 (women): Standard pistol. Exercise MP-5 consists of two parts, which are performed sequentially one after the other. The first part is exercise MP-4 (distance 25 meters, target No. 4 (black circle diameter 200 mm, tens diameter 50 mm), 5 test and 30 test shots (6 series of 5 shots each). 5 are given to complete the test series minutes, 5 minutes per series are given to complete the qualifying series). The second part is exercise MP-2, shooting at an appearing target (distance 25 meters, target No. 5 (black circle diameter 500 mm, tens diameter 100 mm), 5 test and 30 test shots (6 series of 5 shots). Time for one shot - 3 seconds, time between target appearances - 7 seconds). Exercises MP-5, as a rule, are performed within one day, the break between the end of the first half and the beginning of the second should be at least 30 minutes.
Exercise MP-6 (men): Random pistol. Distance 50 meters, 60 shots, target No. 4. The number of test shots is not limited. You are given 2 hours to complete the exercise.
Exercise MP-8 (men): Standard pistol. Exercise MP-8 consists of two exercises MP-7 (distance 25 meters, target No. 5, 5 trial and 30 test shots (6 series of 5 shots each). 8 seconds are given for the trial series. Test series are performed in the following order: 2 series 8 seconds each, 2 series of 6 seconds each, 2 series of 4 seconds each). MP-8 exercises are usually performed over two days. The break between the end of the first half of the exercise and the beginning of the second should be at least 30 minutes.

Air gun

Exercise PP-1: distance 10 meters, target No. 9 (diameter of the black circle 59.5 mm, diameter of the “ten” 11.5 mm). 20 test shots, unlimited number of test shots. ( Olympic discipline is not)
Exercise PP-2: distance 10 meters, target No. 9 (diameter of the black circle 59.5 mm, diameter of the “ten” 11.5 mm). 40 test shots, unlimited number of test shots. Time to complete the exercise is 1 hour 15 minutes.
Exercise PP-3: distance 10 meters, target No. 9. 60 test shots, the number of test shots is not limited. Time to complete the exercise is 1 hour 45 minutes.

Non-Olympic disciplines

In addition to the Olympic exercises, there are many others. MV-9 Zh, AV-5, RP-5, MP-10, etc.

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise, two letters of which indicate the type of weapon, and the numbers indicate the serial number of this exercise in the national sports classification for bullet shooting. Types of exercises:
VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small-caliber rifle
AB- standard large-caliber rifle
PV- arbitrary large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small-caliber pistol
RP- center-fire revolver pistol.

History of bullet shooting

Shooting sport, as such, is one of the oldest applied sports. It originates from competitions in archery and crossbow shooting. With the advent of firearms in the mid-14th century, competitions in shooting from smoothbore guns began, and the creation of rifled weapons led to the development of bullet shooting.

Competitions in rifle and pistol shooting were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and world championships in bullet shooting have been held since 1897. One of the initiators of the inclusion of bullet shooting competitions in the Olympic Games program was Pierre de Coubertin, who himself was a seven-time French champion in pistol shooting.

In Russia, shooting sports began to develop at the end of the 19th century. The first competitions were held in Khabarovsk on May 25, 1898 at the garrison training ground as a folk competition.

Links

Official website of the Belarusian Shooting Sports Federation
Official rules of Russian bullet shooting competitions
Official rules of the ISSF shooting competition (Russian)

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It is divided into pistol shooting, rifle shooting, and rifle shooting at a moving target. Produced by a bullet from rifled weapons: pneumatic (4.5 mm), small-caliber (5.6 mm) and large-caliber (6.5 mm - 7.62 mm for rifles and 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

Targets are printed using a printing method on dense white or cream-colored material. When pierced by a bullet, such a target retains the outline of the bullet hole without excessively rough distortions and tears along the edges of the hole. The sizes and dimensions of the hole advantage zones are different, depending on the type of weapon and the distance from the line of fire to the target line.

Nowadays, all major international competitions are held using electronic target systems that determine the value of a hole by acoustic, optical or combined methods.

Every year, shooting competitions at various levels are held: from regional tournaments to world and European championships. Currently, the rules of the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) for bullet shooting provide for 15 men's and 9 women's exercises that are included in the programs international competitions. The compulsory Olympic program includes 6 men's exercises and 4 female. Within the framework of the Russian Shooting Union, competitions are held in 46 exercises.

In official ISSF documents and results reports of international competitions, short names of exercises are used, including the shooting distance, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: “50 m Free Rifle. 3x40 shots”).

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise - two letters and numbers. The letters indicate the type of weapon (VP - air rifle; MV - small-caliber rifle; AB - (army) standard large-caliber rifle; PV - arbitrary large-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol; MP - small-caliber pistol; RP - large-caliber pistol (center fire revolver), and the numbers are the serial number of this exercise in the national sports classification for bullet shooting.

Types of shooting

Rifle shooting

Rifles for performing sports shooting exercises are divided by type: pneumatic (caliber - 4.5 mm), small-caliber (caliber - 5.6 mm) and large-caliber (caliber - from 6.5 mm to - 7.62 mm). All types of rifles must be single-shot (except large-bore standard rifles, which may have a magazine). The distance from the firing line to the target line is from 10 to 300 meters.

To shoot from a rifle, the positions taken are “prone”, “kneeling” or “standing”.

“Lying” position: the athlete lies on the ground or a special mat, leaning on his elbows. The weapon must be held with two hands and the right shoulder (for a left-handed athlete - the left). While aiming, the shooter's cheek can be pressed against the butt of the rifle. The forearms are clearly separated from the mat. The forearm of the left hand supporting the rifle must form an angle of at least 30 degrees with the surface of the firing position. The use of a gun sling is permitted.

Kneeling position: the athlete sits on bent leg, under the rise of which a roller is placed. The foot of the leg in front, the knee and toe of the other leg are on the ground or on the mat. The weapon is held with two hands and the right shoulder. The elbow of the left hand holding the rifle must rest on the left knee and cannot be displaced from the kneecap more than 100 mm forward or 150 mm back. The use of a gun sling is permitted.

Standing position: the athlete is standing. The weapon is held with two hands, the right shoulder, the cheek and part of the chest near the right shoulder. The butt rests on the shoulder of the opposite hand. The use of a gun sling is not permitted.

Athletes are given at least 10 minutes to prepare for the exercise.
The use of special shooting suits and boots is permitted.
The use of optical sights is prohibited, but the use of a vision-correcting lens is possible.

Pistol shooting

Pistols for performing sports shooting exercises are divided by type into pneumatic, small-caliber and large-caliber (revolver). Air pistols of 4.5 mm caliber are permitted, operating on compressed air or compressed gas and loaded with only one bullet when firing. All bullets for air pistols, must be made of lead or similar soft material. Small-caliber pistols - 5.6 mm caliber chambered for side-fire. Large-caliber pistol (center-fire revolver) - caliber from 7.62 to 9.65 mm.

Pistols and revolvers can only be fired while standing, holding the weapon freely outstretched arm.
In speed exercises, the competition rules impose a special requirement on the preparation before starting the exercise: the hand with the weapon must be tilted down, at an angle of at least 45 ° to the direction of fire.

When performing the exercise, the shooter must be in his assigned shooting position (firing position), without moving beyond the front boundary of the firing line and without leaning on anything during shooting.

Before the start of the exercise, shooters are given time to prepare depending on the type of exercise. The use of optical sights is prohibited, but the use of a vision-correcting lens is possible.

Shooting at a moving target

Shooting at a moving target is carried out from single-shot rifles. For shooting at 50 m, a small-caliber rifle (5.6 mm caliber) chambered for a side-fire cartridge is used. For shooting at 10 m - an air rifle (caliber 4.5 mm), operating on compressed air or gas. The use of optical sights is permitted. At 50 m the magnification of the sight is not limited, at 10 m the magnification is limited (4x). The use of special shooting jackets is permitted.

For shooting at 50 m, a “Running Boar” target is used with a drawn silhouette of a boar and a target located in the middle of the body.

For shooting at 10 m, a target is used, as for shooting from air rifle, but with aiming dots located on the left and right (electronic target), or a paper target with an aiming dot between two targets.

The targets move alternately from right to left and from left to right, passing through an open space - a “window”. The passage of a target through a “window” is called a run. The target must pass the “window” in 5 seconds when running slowly, and in 2.5 seconds when running fast. Only one shot is fired in each run. In each half of the exercise, before the scoring runs, the shooter is given 4 test runs - 2 on the right and on the left side of the movement. In trial runs, the target moves at the same speed as in the subsequent test series. Shooting at moving targets is carried out only from a “standing” position and occurs from a dismounted position, and before the target appears in the run window, the butt of the weapon must be at the belt.