Bullet shooting. Shooting: Olympic disciplines and competitions. Olympic shooting Olympic types of air rifle shooting

Sports shooting- a sport in which athletes compete in shooting accuracy from different types of weapons.

History of the emergence and development of sports shooting

Shooting sport is considered one of the most ancient applied sports. It appeared back in the distant times of bows and crossbows. In the middle of the 14th century, bows and crossbows evolved into firearms, after which bullet shooting began to actively develop.

In 1449, the first firearms shooting societies began to appear in France, and later they appeared in England and the USA.

In 1896, rifle and pistol shooting competitions were included in the program of the first Olympic Games in 1896, and since 1897, World Shooting Championships began to be held regularly.

Types of sports shooting

Bullet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting from pneumatic, small-caliber, large-caliber rifles and pistols. Bullet shooting is an Olympic sport, in particular, the Olympic program includes 5 rifle shooting exercises (MV-5, VP-4, MV-6, MV-9, VP-6) and the same number of pistol shooting exercises (MP-5, PP-2, MP-6, MP-8, PP-3).

Abbreviations indicating the type of weapon:

VP- pneumatic rifle
MV- small-caliber rifle
AB- standard large-caliber rifle
PV- any large-caliber rifle
PP- air gun
MP- small-caliber pistol
RP- revolver-pistol of central combat.

Exercises:

MV-5— shooting from a small-caliber rifle, distance 50 m. Position — prone, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.

VP-4- Pneumatic rifle. 40 shots standing. Time 1 hour 15 minutes. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MV-6- Random small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the following sequence: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 from the knee (1 hour 15 minutes). In each position, an unlimited number of test shots are allowed before performing scoring shots. The winner is determined by the sum of points scored in three positions.

MV-9- Random small-caliber rifle. Distance 50 m. Target No. 7. Shooting is carried out in the following sequence: 20 shots while lying down, 20 while standing, 20 from the knee. The total time for shooting from three positions is 2 hours 30 minutes. In each position, an unlimited number of test shots are allowed before performing scoring shots.

VP-6- Pneumatic rifle. Distance 10 m. Target No. 8. 60 shots standing. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MP-5- a standard (sports) small-caliber pistol (in the international classification the pistol for exercise MP-5) is usually called sports, although this is the same pistol from which exercise MP-10 is performed. Distance 25 m. The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out at a stationary target No. 4, the second - 30 shots - at an appearing target No. 5. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half of each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot (pauses between target appearances are 7 seconds). First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

PP-2— shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 40 shots.

PP-3— shooting from an air pistol, distance 10 m, 60 shots. Time 1 hour 45 min. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before the start of scoring shots.

MP-6- any small-caliber pistol. Distance 50 m. Target No. 4. 60 shots. Time 2 hours 00 minutes. An unlimited number of test shots are allowed before taking the scoring shots.

MP-8- rapid-fire small-caliber pistol. Distance 25 m. 5 simultaneously appearing targets No. 5. 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; The shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets. The exercise is divided into 2 halves, each of which consists of two sets of 8 s, two of 6 s, and two of 4 s. Before the start of the test shooting, one test series is performed in each half of the exercise for 8 seconds. First, all participants perform the first half of the exercise, and then the second.

The numbers in the abbreviations indicate the serial number of the exercise in the national sports classification for bullet shooting.

Skeet shooting- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting at open shooting ranges. Shooting is carried out with shot from smoothbore shotguns at special skeet targets.

The Olympic Games include 3 skeet shooting disciplines:

• Round stand - athletes fire at clay pigeons, moving from one shooting station to another (8 in total), and also changing the shooting angle relative to the trajectories of flying targets.
• Trench stand - athletes fire at clay pigeons thrown out of a trench in a random direction.
• A double trap is the same as a trench stand, but the skeet is thrown out in pairs and the shooting is done in doublets.

Practical shooting- one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of which is to master and develop techniques that best suit various cases of using firearms.

Shooting skill is assessed as a balance of three main components:

• Accuracy - points for hitting targets;
• Speed ​​- time from the start signal to the last shot;
• Power - the use of weapons of greater power is encouraged by a large number of points awarded for hitting the scoring zones of targets, in addition, a minimum caliber and a minimum power factor are established.

The result is the sum of points for hitting all targets, including penalties, divided by the execution time.

Benchrest shooting is one of the types of shooting sports, the goal of the athletes is to fire five (or ten) shots at the scoring target; The smaller the group size, the higher the shooter’s place in the competition. In this case, shooting is performed while sitting at a special table with the rifle placed at point-blank range for shooting.

The following table shooting disciplines are distinguished:

• benchrest BR-50 - shooting from small-caliber devices;
• short benchrest - shooting at a distance of 100, 200 or 300 (meters or yards);
• benchrest Long Range - shooting at distances: 500, 600, 1000 (meters or yards) and mile.

Varminting is one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting at long and ultra-long distances, mainly at rodents. It is allowed to use artificial targets that imitate the silhouette of marmots.

sniping- one of the types of shooting sports in which athletes compete in shooting from sniper weapons.

Photo - ru.wikipedia.org

Shooting sports are divided into bullet and skeet shooting. Bullet shooting is divided into shooting from pistols and rifles. In skeet shooting, athletes shoot shotguns with 12-gauge shotguns.

Pierre de Coubertin was a French shooting champion long before he founded the Olympic Games. It was on his initiative that 4 types of pistol shooting and 2 rifle shooting were included in the program of the Games of the 1st Olympic Games in 1896.

OLYMPIC GAMES

Shooting was included in the program of the Olympic Games by Pierre de Coubertin from the first Olympics in Athens in 1896 and since then has been included in the program of all Olympic Games except 1904 and 1928.

The first competitions were held only among men, but since the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, women received permission to participate in shooting disciplines on an equal basis with men. The division into men's and women's disciplines began at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. Since 1996, Atlanta has separated men's and women's disciplines.

In 2017, the International Olympic Committee approved the proposal of the International Shooting Sports Federation to include three mixed events in the Olympic program: “air rifle, 10m, men”, “air rifle, 10m, women”, “trap, mixed teams”. Thus, the number of exercises for men and women in shooting sports was equalized.

A total of 15 sets of awards are awarded at the Olympic Games in bullet and skeet shooting.

RUSSIA

The first Soviet champion in bullet shooting was Anatoly Bogdanov in 1952 in Helsinki. He won the three-position big-bore rifle event and repeated his success in 1956 in Melbourne. For women, Marina Logvinenko became a two-time Olympic champion in small-caliber and air pistol shooting at the 1992 Games in Barcelona. At the last Olympic Games, Russian representatives became champions: Yuri Fedkin (1992, Barcelona) and Artem Khadzhibekov (1996, Atlanta) in air rifle shooting, Boris Kokorev (1996, Atlanta) and Mikhail Nestruev (2004, Athens) in shooting from a small-caliber pistol, Sergey Alifirenko (2000, Sydney) in shooting from a high-speed pistol, Lyubov Galkina (2004, Athens) in shooting from a small-caliber rifle) and Olga Klochneva (1996, Atlanta) in shooting from an air pistol.

The first Soviet Olympic champion in skeet shooting was Evgeniy Petrov in 1968. He won the skeet shooting event at the Mexico City Games. He hit 198 targets out of 200. At the 1976 Olympics he was the senior coach of the USSR national team, and at the 1992 Games he was the head coach of the United Team in skeet shooting. Olympic champions in skeet shooting were representatives of our country Dmitry Monakov (1988, Seoul) and Alexey Alipov (2004, Athens), who won the trench skeet shooting.

Photo - ru.wikipedia.org

Shooting sports are divided into bullet and skeet shooting.

Bullet shooting divided into pistol and rifle shooting. Athletes shoot from rifled small-caliber weapons (diameter 5.6 mm) and pneumatic weapons (diameter 4.5 mm). The Olympic program includes 10 exercises.

• Rifle: "Rimfire, three positions, 50m, men", "Rimfire, three positions, 50m, women", "Air rifle, 10m, men", "Air rifle, 10m, women", "Air rifle, 10m, mixed teams."
• Pistol: "quick fire pistol, 25m, men", "small caliber standard pistol, 25m, women", "air pistol, 10m, men", "air pistol, 10m, women", "air pistol, 10m, mixed teams".

Major international and all-Russian competitions are held with electronic targets.

IN clay pigeon shooting athletes shoot from 12-gauge smoothbore shotguns with shot charges.

The Olympic program includes 5 exercises: “men’s trap”, “women’s trap”, “mixed team trap”, “men’s skete”, “women’s skete”.

Shooting is carried out at “skeet” targets flying out of the machines along a certain trajectory, which depends on the exercise.

The targets are made from a mixture of coal tar pitch (a component used to make asphalt) and cement. When pellets hit a plate, it breaks. To increase spectator interest and to reduce the likelihood of judicial error, shooting in the finals is carried out at special plates - “flash targets”, which, when hit, throw a cloud of brightly colored powder into the air. Target diameter – 110 mm.

Until 1968, only men competed in shooting at the Olympics, but starting with the Games in Mexico City, women received the right to participate in all disciplines on an equal basis with men. The final separation occurred only in 1984 in Los Angeles.

The program of shooting competitions at the Olympics has changed more than once. In total, since 1896, medals have been awarded at least once in 58 disciplines. Now there are 15 of them in the Olympic program:

Skeet (men and women)

Women: 75 targets – qualification, 16 targets – semi-final, 16 targets – medal match.

Men: 125 targets – qualification, 16 targets – semi-final, 16 targets – medal match.

Ladder (men and women)

Women: 75 targets – qualification, 15 targets – semi-final, 15 targets – medal match.

Men: 125 targets – qualification, 15 targets – semi-final, 15 targets – medal match.

Double trap (men only)

150 targets – qualification, 30 targets – semi-final, 30 targets – medal match.

Bullet shooting

Air rifle, 10m (men and women)

Women: 40 shots standing. Time – 1 hour 15 minutes.

Men: 60 shots standing. Time – 1 hour 45 minutes.

Air pistol, 10 m (men and women)

Women: 40 shots. Time – 1 hour 15 minutes.

Men: 60 shots. Time – 1 hour 45 minutes.

Small bore rifle, prone, 50m (men only)

Shooting is carried out from a prone position for 60 shots. Total shooting time 1 hour 15 minutes.

Small bore rifle, three positions, 50 m (men and women)

Women: Position - prone, standing, kneeling, 3x20 shots.

Men: 40 shots prone (1 hour 00 minutes), 40 standing (1 hour 30 minutes), 40 kneeling (1 hour 15 minutes).

Small caliber pistol, 50 m (men only)

60 shots. Time 2 hours 00 minutes.

Speed ​​pistol, 25 m (men only)

5 simultaneously appearing targets, 60 shots. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots; The shooter fires one shot at each of the five simultaneously appearing targets.

Standard pistol, 25 m (women only)

The exercise is divided into two parts. The first - 30 shots - is carried out at a stationary target, the second - 30 shots - at an appearing target. Shooting is carried out in series of 5 shots at one target. In the first half, each series is completed in 6 minutes; in the second half of each series, the target appears 5 times for 3 seconds, during which the shooter fires one shot.

sbornayarossii.ru

Shooting | Olympic sport

Shooting history

The shooting sport is one of the very first sports, which began with bow and crossbow shooting, and later began to represent competitions in shooting from firearms and pneumatic weapons.

In Russia, shooting disciplines began to develop at the end of the 20th century and gained extraordinary popularity, since the love of shooting manifests itself in childhood, when kids imitate shooting from toy guns and pistols, playing “war”.

This type of bullet shooting has its own specifics. Competitions in shooting from firearms and air rifles are not held according to the principle “Faster, higher, stronger.” Here the muscles work differently than in other disciplines. The main load on the muscles occurs when the shooter’s body is in a static state, when it is necessary to fix the most optimal position for an accurate shot. The participant must demonstrate stability when shooting and the ability to maintain a static position for a long time. The shooter here uses so-called muscle memory. It is worth noting that during one such exercise a person loses about 3 kg in weight. Shooting competitions also have their own sprint distances and marathons.

In addition to physical characteristics, bullet shooting presupposes that the shooter also has high moral qualities. You also need to be able to control your emotions in order to act quickly and correctly in unexpected situations; qualities such as determination and endurance are also very important. Before the shot, the competitor seems to disconnect from everything that surrounds him and concentrates on the target. He must be able to abstract himself, control his thoughts, so that nothing can distract him at this crucial moment.

Skeet shooting originated from hunting competitions that took place in medieval England. Then the targets were birds, namely pigeons, which were thrown up for shooting. These rules were in effect for a very long time, and even during the first Olympic Games, shooters fired at live birds. The birds were later replaced by the current targets, today often called "clay pigeons". By the way, in the future it is expected that the plates will be replaced with environmentally friendly items.

Shooting rules

Gun shooting is divided into bullet and clay pigeon shooting. Both types of shooting sports have been among the oldest disciplines of the Olympic Games since 1896. In addition, archery is also an Olympic discipline. World shooting championships have been held since 1897.

Bullet shooting can take place both indoors and in open areas. If the competition takes place at a shooting range, then special sighting devices and light filters are selected that are suitable for shooting in this room, depending on the lighting. When the nature of illumination changes, the shooter must quickly correlate his actions. If the competition is held at a shooting range, then conditions such as wind, air temperature, etc. must be taken into account.

Skeet shooting involves shooting shotguns at targets using shotguns. The targets are plates, which break when hit well. Such plates are made from bituminous sand and cement.

Targets in skeet shooting are dynamic, and shooters must have good reflexes and accuracy to hit the target. Shooting is carried out from a maximum 12-gauge firearm. The shooter must also have an absolute sense of dynamics and balance in order to capture the movements of a target flying in a straight line or an arc.

Shooting at the Olympic Games

Today the Olympic program includes round skeet, trench skeet and double trap as varieties of skeet shooting.

The archers of the Russian national team have 27 Olympic medals, seven of which have a golden tint. At the moment, the most titled Olympian is Lyubov Galkina, who has one gold and two silver medals.

We kindly request! When distributing the text of this page or part of it, provide a link to the source. Copy link Page address copied to clipboard

www.olympic-champions.ru

Olympic disciplines, types of competitions. Olympteka.ru

olympteka.ru

Shooting at the Olympic Games. Olympteka.ru

olympteka.ru

Shotgun shooting at the Olympic Games 1900-1984.

In 1894, at an international congress in Paris, representatives of sports organizations from 12 countries, including Russia, decided to resume Olympic competitions and create the governing body of the Olympic movement - the International Olympic Committee.

The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in Athens (Greece).

Unlike the Games of Ancient Greece, the competition program included, in addition to athletics, wrestling, cycling, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, weightlifting, fencing and shooting. One of the main initiators of the inclusion of shooting competitions in the Olympic program was Pierre de Coubertin, a French public figure, initiator of the revival of the Olympic Games as world sports competitions, honorary life president of the International Olympic Committee, seven-time French champion in pistol shooting. And at all subsequent Olympics (with the exception of 1904 and 1928), competitions were held in shooting from rifled weapons.

In 1900, due to the great popularity of competitions in shooting at flying targets from smooth-bore sporting and hunting weapons, this sport was also included in the program of the Olympic Games.

Over the course of half a century, the types of weapons, the number of shooting exercises, and the competition conditions have changed at Olympic shooting tournaments. Thus, at the Games of the Second Olympiad in 1900, only individual championships were played in trench shooting. At the three subsequent Olympiads, the competition participants competed in the individual and team championship. In 1952 (after a long break), only individual trench shooting was again included in the Olympic competition program. In 1960, a new exercise was introduced - the “round stand”; At the same time, the modern Olympic complex of shooting exercises was determined. Currently, two (since 1988 - three) athletes from each country can participate in Olympic skeet shooting competitions - on the round and trench stands. Each shooter takes 200 flying targets during the competition: 2 days - 75 and 1 day - 50.

The first Olympic champion in trench shooting at artificial targets was Roger de Barbarin (France). The French shooters also won as a team. At the same time, individual championships were also played in pigeon shooting. (Fortunately, this cruel spectacle was never repeated after the 1908 Olympics.)

Subsequently, skeet shooting is included in the program of all Olympic Games (with the exception of 1928, 1932, 1936 and 1948, when, due to financial difficulties, shooting competitions were reduced to a minimum (2-3 exercises), and skeet shooting competitions at trench stand were not carried out at all).

In 1912, Russian athletes took part in Olympic skeet shooting competitions for the first time. Riga resident Harry Blau won his first Olympic medal. In trench shooting, he hit 91 targets out of 100 and became a bronze medalist.

Olympics 1952 Helsinki

The Olympic debut of Soviet stand performers took place in 1952 at the Games of the XV Olympiad in Helsinki. However, the results of the shooters' performance were very modest: they, like representatives of some other sports, had to experience the bitterness of defeat.

Successfully performing in various international competitions in subsequent years, Soviet stand-up athletes gradually improved their results at the Olympic Games. Thus, in 1952, athletes I. Isaev and Yu. Nikandrov took 10th and 15th places, respectively, in the trench stand competition, and in 1956, N. Mogilevsky and Yu. Nikandrov, hitting 188 targets each and losing the shootout for 3rd place to the Italian shooter A. Chicheri, they took 4th and 5th places, respectively.

1960 Rome Olympics

In 1960, at the Olympics in Rome, Soviet shooters won a bronze medal: S. Kalinin hit 190 targets and took 3rd place, 2 targets behind champion Dumitrescu (Romania).

1964 Tokyo Olympics

In 1964 in Tokyo, P. Senichev, having hit 194 targets, showed the second result, the same with the American W. Morris and the Italian G. Rossini. In the shootout, P. Senichev shot without a miss and won the right to climb to the second step of the Olympic podium.

1968 Olympics Mexico City

In 1968, skeet shooting was included in the program of shooting competitions for the first time. Three athletes - K. Wirnhir (Germany), R. Garagnani (Italy) and E. Petrov (USSR) - after 200 shots had the same result: 198 targets hit. In the shootout, the German and Italian shooters each made one mistake, and E. Petrov hit all 25 targets and became the champion and record holder of the Olympic Games in skeet shooting.

And 4th place in this exercise was won by another Soviet athlete - Yu. Tsuranov. On the trench stand, P. Senichev, as at the previous Olympics, showed the second result (196), the same with the American T. Garrigas and the shooter from the GDR K. Chekkala. However, this time in the shootout he made three mistakes and ended up only in 4th place. His teammate A. Alipov took 7th place.

Olympics 1972 Munich

In 1972 in Munich, E. Petrov won a second Olympic medal, this time a silver one, being one target behind the champion in the shootout. None of the Soviet skeet shooting masters managed to repeat his success.

Olympics 1976 Montreal

At the 1976 Olympics, Soviet athletes performed poorly. Only A. Androshkin managed to take 5th place on the trench stand, A. Alipov was fourteenth in this exercise. According to the results of the competition on the round stand, Yu. Tsuranov and A. Cherkasov were in 10th and 14th places, respectively.

Olympics 1980 Moscow

Italian shooter Luciano Giovannetti became the champion of the Moscow Olympics in skeet shooting. Three athletes entered the shootout for 2nd place, including the Soviet shooter R. Yambulatov. Having made only one mistake in two additional series, he became a silver medalist. A. Asanov was sixth in the trench skeet shooting. On the round skeet with the same result - 196 out of 200 - five people finished shooting at once. The best in the shootout was the Dane H.-K. Rasmussen: having shot two series without a miss, he became the champion of the Games of the XXII Olympiad. Soviet shooter T. Imnaishvili, only 1 target behind him, took 9th place; A. Sokolov (with a result of 194) was fifteenth.

Olympics 1984 Los Angeles

In 1984, at the Los Angeles Games, the Italian shooter L. Giovannetti again achieved brilliant success in trench shooting. He confirmed the high title of Olympic champion.

The anti-Olympic actions of the American authorities and the organizers of these Games, the anti-Soviet campaign launched by reactionary circles in the United States did not allow athletes of the Soviet Union and a number of other countries to participate in the Games of the XXIII Olympiad. However, due to the fact that Soviet athletes and athletes from fraternal states spent a lot of effort preparing for the 1984 Olympics and achieved high sports form, the leaders of sports organizations of the countries of the socialist commonwealth decided to hold major international competitions “Friendship-84” for all Olympic Games. types of sports.

2,500 athletes from 50 countries took part in them. In many numbers of the program, including skeet shooting competitions, the champions and prize-winners of “Friendship”-84 surpassed the achievements shown at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The last shots at the Olympic shooting range in Mytishchi sounded like fireworks in honor of the high Olympic ideals of peace, friendship and cooperation of all people on the planet.

Olympic Games results

Articles on the topic “Skeet shooting”

xn--m1aiak.xn--p1ai

At the Moscow Olympics, the shooting tournament was held from July 20 to 26 at the Dynamo shooting range in Mytishchi near Moscow.

Dynamo shooting range during the 1980 Games

7 sets of awards were drawn:

• 50m free pistol
• Small-caliber rifle from a prone position at 50 m,
• Small caliber rifle from 3 positions at 50 m,
• Rapid fire pistol at 25 m,
• Olympic ladder,
• Skeet,
• Moving target at 50 m.

All disciplines were open, i.e. Both men and women could compete in them. This was the last Olympics when all shooting disciplines were open; at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, only the trap and skeet will remain open, and women will have 3 separate disciplines.

In the overall medal standings for shooters, Soviet athletes took the lead, winning 3 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze award.

1980 Olympic champion Alexander Melentyev in the 50m free pistol

The Moscow Olympics was the second for pistol shooter Afanasy Kuzmin (6th place in rapid-fire pistol shooting). Having missed the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles due to the boycott, Kuzmin will take part in 6 consecutive Olympics (1988-2008), which will make him the only shooter to participate in 8 Olympics. It should be noted that Kuzmin had good chances to compete at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics, but for various reasons he did not make it into the USSR national team.

Afanasy Kuzmin

All winners:

50m free pistol

1. Alexander Melentyev (USSR)2. Harald Vollmar (GDR)3. Lyubcho Dyakov (Bulgaria).

Small caliber rifle from a prone position at 50 m

1. Károly Varga (Hungary)2. Hellfried Heilfort (GDR)3. Peter Zapryanov (Bulgaria).

Small caliber rifle from 3 positions at 50 m

1. Viktor Vlasov (USSR)2. Bernd Hartstein (GDR)3. Sven Johansson (Sweden).

Rapid fire pistol at 25 m

1. Corneliu Jon (Romania)2. Jurgen Wiefel (GDR)3. Gerhard Petrich (Austria).

Olympic ladder

1. Luciano Giovanetti (Italy)2. Rustam Yambulatov (USSR)3. Jörg Damme (GDR).

1. Hans Kjell Rasmussen (Denmark)2. Lars-Göran Karlsson (Sweden)3. Roberto Castrillo (Cuba).

Movable target 50 m

1. Igor Sokolov (USSR)2. Thomas Pfeffer (GDR)3. Alexander Gazov (USSR).

olimp-history.ru

Shooting at the Olympic Games - Olympic Sports

Shooting competitions at the Summer Olympics first appeared at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and have since been included in the program of every subsequent Games, except for the 1904 and 1928 Games. Initially, the competition was held among men, and from the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, women could participate in all disciplines on an equal basis with men. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, some disciplines were divided between men and women, and shooting became a completely separate sport at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. There are 15 sets of awards up for grabs in this sport. Shooting sport is a sport in which participants compete in shooting with firearms and air guns. It is divided into bullet shooting, where shooting is carried out from rifled weapons in a target shooting range, and skeet shooting, where participants shoot from smooth-bore weapons at special flying skeet targets at open shooting ranges. In Russia, since 2004, practical shooting (pistol, shotgun, carbine) has also been recognized as a separate type of shooting sport. There are also types of high-precision shooting: benchrest, varmint and sniping.

Both shot and skeet shooting are included in the Olympic Games program and are among the oldest Olympic disciplines. For the first time, medals in shooting were awarded at the II Olympic Games in Paris in 1900. Since 1984, competitions for men and women have been held separately.

Competitions in shooting sports are held under the auspices of the International Sports Shooting Federation (ISSF), and in practical shooting - under the auspices of the International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC).

There is also archery and crossbow shooting, the former being included in the Olympic Games program. A relatively new type of shooting sport is practical shooting. It originated in California in the early 50s and quickly spread to other continents, including Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and Africa.

The International Practical Shooting Confederation (I.P.S.C) was officially founded in May 1976. Today the International Confederation of Practical Shooting is developing in more than sixty countries from Argentina to Zimbabwe.

The main task of practical shooting is to ensure the safe and qualified use of firearms by respectable citizens and to improve the general culture of handling weapons. Today, international competitions in Practical Shooting, which are based on safety and safe handling of weapons, accuracy, power and speed, are held all over the world. The highest achievement in Practical Shooting is to become an IPSC World Champion.

In practical shooting, there are the following types of targets: standard paper, swinging paper (swinger), metal falling (pepper popper), metal falling plate (round or square).

In practical shooting, only cartridges of 9 mm caliber are allowed.

Having a combat origin, this sport has changed greatly, but even today it is the most applied sport in many special forces of the world and Russia.

Practical Shooting was officially recognized as a sport in Russia on June 29, 2006 at the Rossport commission, an order on this was signed on July 4, 2006 by the head of Rossport Vyacheslav Fetisov.

www.amstd.spb.ru

Sports shooting has long been included in the program of the Olympic Games. Today it has improved significantly and has several types.

One of them is (Olympic type) - shooting shotguns from smoothbore rifles at a moving target. In the 19th century, athletes used ordinary pigeons as targets. Then only the nobility could afford such entertainment, whose representatives fired at birds and threw birds out of special cages. That is why guns for such entertainment were called cage guns. A little later, instead of pigeons, they began to use glass balls and plates ejected by a special spring and flying out of a throwing machine.

The most popular type of clay pigeon shooting is sporting – the athlete hits flying targets, usually clay plates of bright orange color. They are also called “clay pigeons”; a dove can be depicted on the plate, which recalls the history of this sport. Sporting is popular among hunters because it requires a simplified shooting platform, and flying and rolling targets imitate the behavior of game.

The second type of sports shooting that is directly related to air guns is bullet shooting . In this type of shooting, rifled weapons are used: pistols and air rifles, small and large-caliber weapons. The goal is static and moving targets in the shooting range. Exercises with pneumatics, as well as small-caliber pistols and rifles, are included in the Olympic Games.

Some types of shooting sports are more recent, e.g. varminting , which came from the USA. Athletes here use rifled weapons equipped with powerful optics and a heavy barrel (to minimize barrel vibrations and, as a result, increase accuracy). The shooter's task is to hit targets at long distances.

Despite the fact that weapons are very dangerous objects, accidents during competitions are practically excluded. This is why sport shooting is often compared to chess in terms of its safety.

Olympic shooting disciplines.

The Olympic program for air rifle and small bore rifle shooting includes the following five events - 2 events for women and 3 for men. Women's exercises are MV-5, VP-4, and men's exercises are MV-6, MV-9, VP-6. The pistol shooting program also includes 5 exercises. For women: MP-5, PP-2, and for men MP-6, MP-8 and PP-3 (the abbreviation “VP” means “air rifle”, the abbreviation “PP” means “air pistol.” “MV” - “small-caliber rifle”, “MP” - small-caliber pistol, respectively).

The Olympic Games program includes two air rifle exercises: VP-4 (for women) and VP-6 (for men).
Exercise VP-4 is performed standing. You need to hit a target located at a distance of 10 meters. The target used is target No. 8, which is a black circle with a diameter of 30.5 mm, a total diameter of 45.5 mm. Moreover, the size of the “tens” is only 0.5 mm. For the entire exercise, the athlete has 40 shots and 4 test targets; the number of test shots can be any. The exercise must be completed in 1 hour 15 minutes. The VP-6 exercise for men is completely similar to the women’s exercise, only it requires 60 shots and a time of 1 hour 45 minutes.

It is divided into pistol shooting, rifle shooting, and rifle shooting at a moving target. It is produced by a bullet from rifled weapons: pneumatic (4.5 mm), small-caliber (5.6 mm) and large-caliber (6.5 mm - 7.62 mm for rifles and 7.62-9.65 mm for pistols).

Targets are printed using a printing method on dense white or cream-colored material. When pierced by a bullet, such a target retains the outline of the bullet hole without excessively rough distortions and tears along the edges of the hole. The sizes and dimensions of the hole advantage zones are different, depending on the type of weapon and the distance from the line of fire to the target line.

Nowadays, all major international competitions are held using electronic target systems that determine the value of a hole by acoustic, optical or combined methods.

Every year, shooting competitions at various levels are held: from regional tournaments to world and European championships. Currently, the rules of the International Shooting Sports Federation (ISSF) for bullet shooting provide for 15 men's and 9 women's exercises, which are included in the programs of international competitions. The compulsory Olympic program includes 4 men's, 4 women's and 2 mixed exercises.

Olympic exercises:

Rifle:

"Rifle, 3 positions, 50m. Men", "Rifle, 3 positions, 50m. Women", "Air rifle, 10m. Men", "Air rifle, 10m. Women", "Air rifle, 10m. Mixed teams ";

Gun:

"Small-caliber standard pistol. 25m. Women", "Rapid-fire small-caliber pistol, 25m. Men", "Air pistol, 10m. Men", "Air pistol, 10m. Women", "Air pistol, 10m. Mixed teams".

In official ISSF documents and results reports of international competitions, short names of exercises are used, including the shooting distance, type of weapon and number of shots (for example: “50 m Free Rifle. 3x40 shots”).

In Russia, an abbreviation has been introduced for each exercise - two letters and numbers. The letters indicate the type of weapon (VP - air rifle; MV - small-caliber rifle; AB - (army) standard large-caliber rifle; PV - arbitrary large-caliber rifle; PP - air pistol; MP - small-caliber pistol; RP - large-caliber pistol (center fire revolver), and the numbers are the number of shots.