Why is it not recommended to swim on air mattresses? You should not swim on inflatable objects. Water trips and water safety

To be honest, I have not yet found a profession that would suit me
interested in everyone with its guise, but there are also candidates for this
place. One of these professions is an artist, but I'm not sure about it
success as well as its profitability. Another profession is
entrepreneur. If I am an entrepreneur, then I must have
enterprise or something like that, but I also haven't chosen the view yet
enterprise and its direction, the trace of this idea of ​​\u200b\u200bprofession has not yet
completely completed. We can go on and on about what
professions affected me, stupid, funny, difficult, boring, but in all
there is nothing of mine that would interest me.

Find out how many of which products you can buy.
1.Un paquet; 2.Un pot; 3. Une bouteille;. 4. Une tablette; 5. Une boîte.
.......................................................................................
de café; de pain; de fromage; de concombres; de yaourt; d"eau minérale; de ​​lait; de sardines; de chocolat; de poisson; de salade; de ​​vin.
...............................................................................................
Please hurry up!

stop, it’s warm there in winter, you can buy coffee, etc. I would be grateful:3

At first glance, not so
a long time ago everything seemed very simple: the body cannot constantly be in
state of active activity, all his organs and systems get tired and therefore
need periodic rest or at least a decrease in the level of this activity.
This is exactly the kind of rest that sleep is: the brain rests, the muscles rest, less
the heart, stomach and other organs work intensively, a sharp
weakening of all types of sensitivity - vision, hearing, taste, smell, skin
sensitivity. And the onset of sleep itself also seemed easily explainable:
During active activity, various side effects accumulate in the body.
products (poisons) that, circulating in the blood, affect the brain in such a way
in such a way that it slows down and turns off. Were received quite
convincing experimental evidence of this assumption: back in
At the beginning of this century, French scientists Legendre and Pieron established that
serum or cerebrospinal fluid from dogs deprived of sleep for 11
days, when administered to healthy, awake dogs, it induced sleep in the latter.
Therefore, differences in the state of the brain during sleep and wakefulness
seemed very simple: sleep is a period of curtailment of brain activity,
his rest, peace. According to
modern scientific data, sleep is a diffuse inhibition of the cortex
cerebral hemispheres, which occurs as nerve cells spend their
bioenergetic potential during the period of wakefulness and their reduction
excitability. Spread of inhibition to deeper parts of the brain -
midbrain, subcortical formations - causes deepening of sleep. Wherein
in a state of inhibition, partial functional rest nerve cells Not
not only completely restore their bioenergy level, but also
exchange information necessary for upcoming activities. To the moment
awakening, if the sleep was sufficiently complete, they are again ready for active
work. The fact that the work of the brain does not stop during sleep can be judged by
its bioelectric activity remaining in the sleep state. Biocurrents of the brain
reflect the biochemical processes occurring in cells and indicate
active brain activity. They are recorded during simultaneous withdrawal from
many points of the head, and after amplification are recorded in the form of an electroencephalogram
(EEG), which, depending on various physiological conditions, has
unique and characteristic design. Sleep scientists have developed
same professional approach to electroencephalograms, like graphologists to
handwriting Electroencephalograms of normal sleep of the same person are similar
at each other, as well as the letters he wrote. A specialist can, by looking through
a certain number of encephalograms, find those that belong to the same
to the same person. Encephalograms of identical twins are similar to each other
like themselves, while the sleep records of fraternal twins differ
from friend. It was with the help of this device that it was established that the biocurrents of the brain
sleeping people are characterized by slow activity: their oscillation frequency is 1 - 3
per second, whereas in the waking state waves with an oscillation frequency predominate
8 - 13 per second. However, even during deep sleep in the cerebral cortex
animals and humans remain awake areas - the so-called
"sentry points", the physiological meaning of which is
in order to, if necessary, bring the body out of sleep. Yes, sleeping
changes an uncomfortable position in a dream, opens up or hides when changing
ambient temperature, wakes up when the alarm clock rings or other
loud sounds.

“Basic subjects” - World Economy Russian Economy European Economy Asian Economy. Russian language English language Geography Literature History. Economy. Organic chemistry Theory Practice. History of the World History of Russia History of Europe. Geography of the world Geography of Russia Geography of Europe Geography of Asia. Literature of peoples Western Literature Foreign Literature.

“School subjects” - “History”. Story. Foreign language. Social science. Biology and Geography. Academic subject “Technology (Labor)”. (35 hours per year for educational field(subject) “Art”). Technology. Administration of 1 hour/week is recommended. of the school component hours – 11th grade. Secondary (complete) general education.

“Words-objects” - Words-objects. Who? Words are objects. Lots of items. Table House Cat Coat Popsicle Hand pony. Singular. Tables Houses Cats Coats Popsicle Hands of a pony. Words are objects. Words are feminine objects. One item. Words are neuter objects. Plural. What? Change by numbers. Words-objects are masculine.

“Item of chemistry” - Can be processed by hand. Substance – molecule – atom. Iron. Coin Glass Vase Wire. Forms of existence of a chemical element. Substances formed by atoms of one chemical element are called simple. The most famous alchemist in Europe was Albert von Bolstatt (the Great). Properties of substances.

“Items in 1st grade” - Green, prickly, forest, tall. Fruits. Learning to combine objects. Red, round, smooth, juicy. Insects. Big, tasty, sweet, festive, covered in cream. Determine which group it belongs to. Vegetables. Describe the subject. Guess the item from the description.

“Item Description” - Description. Skiers. Goals: Ski competitions. Plan. “Preparation for the essay “Description of an object.” Ski training. Types of speech. Dictionary. Lesson topic: Write an essay describing “My favorite subject.” Questions: The description has 3 parts: Speech styles.

In the first case, everything happened in front of the rescuers during a patrol. A strong gust of wind overturned the mattress on which the guy and the girl were floating. Young man They pulled her out of the water immediately, but they picked up the girl already 50 meters from the satellite.

While the couple was being taken to shore, rescuers received another report of vacationers in distress on a mattress. Three women began to be carried away into the waters of the reservoir far from the shore. The husband of one of them rushed to help by swimming, catching up with the mattress after 40 minutes, but it was not possible to “tow” it.

All four were picked up by GIMS employees 5 km from the coast, the press service of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations for the Republic of Tatarstan reported. Rescuers warn that inflatable mattresses and rings can only be used in closed reservoirs, lakes, quarries, and swimming pools. They are not recommended for use on flowing or navigable rivers.

Many modern cities and towns are located on the banks of rivers, lakes or seas. Many have ponds, reservoirs, etc.

For a long time, people have used water from rivers and lakes in their households and everyday life.

During its industrial use, this water is polluted by various chemicals, becomes unsuitable for human use and is discharged into rivers and lakes, polluting them.

Therefore, within the city limits and near it downstream, the water in the rivers is not suitable for drinking, and in some places it is even dangerous for swimming.

In summer, in hot weather, the best place to relax is on the banks of a river, lake or reservoir, but we must remember that not all places allow swimming. If there is a “No Swimming” sign on the shore, you should not violate this prohibition, no matter how great the desire to swim.

Remember!
The main rule for safe recreation on the water is to know the places where the water in reservoirs has been tested and does not pose a health hazard and where swimming is allowed.

Rules of safe behavior on water, knowledge and compliance with which reduces the possibility of accidents

If you decide to swim in an unfamiliar body of water, you must first carefully examine the shore and make sure that the place chosen for swimming is on a sandy shore with a good descent. Before entering the water, you need to carefully examine the water area adjacent to the shore: are there any snags sticking out of the water, or are there any driftwood lurking at the bottom. The bottom should have a gradual slope without holes, ledges, algae, sharp stones, glass and other dangerous objects. You need to take a closer look at the water. If it is not calm, it means that there may be underwater holes, springs, and thick algae here.

Attention!
Once a suitable place has been chosen, you should set a limit beyond which it is not advisable to swim. You need to enter the water carefully. You should never jump into water in unfamiliar places. Even if this place was considered safe for jumping the day before, a snag could have been brought in overnight or someone could have thrown something into the water.

In order for your vacation on the water not to turn into a tragedy, regardless of the body of water (sea, river, lake, pond) and the place of swimming (beach, pool, unfamiliar body of water), you need to know and follow a number of general rules behavior on the water while swimming.

Everyone should know this

Bathe better in the morning or in the evening, when the sun is warm, but there is no danger of overheating. The water temperature should not be lower than 18-19 °C, the air temperature - 20-25 °C. The duration of swimming depends on the air and water temperature, air humidity and wind strength. The most favorable swimming conditions are clear, windless weather, air temperature - 25 °C or more.

You should start swimming at a water temperature of at least 20 °C degrees. Then move on to swimming at lower temperatures. This must be done gradually, because the body must adapt to the new temperature regime.

The most acceptable bathing modes are:

• at a water temperature of 18 °C - 6-8 minutes;
• at a water temperature of 20 °C - 10-12 minutes;
• at a water temperature of 24 °C - 15-20 minutes.

Under no circumstances should you swim to the point of chills: hypothermia may cause convulsions, respiratory arrest, and loss of consciousness. Muscle contractions during swimming, caused by prolonged exposure to water, often cause accidents.

Remember!
If your arms or legs cramp, you need to remain calm and continue to swim on your back. When you feel your fingers tightening, you must quickly and forcefully clench your hand into a fist, make a sharp throwing motion with your hand to the outside and unclench your fist. With a cramp in calf muscle It is necessary, bending over, to grab the foot of the injured leg with both hands and forcefully pull it towards you by the toes. When a thigh muscle cramp occurs, you need to grab your leg from the outside with your hand, below the shin at the ankle (by the instep) and, bending it at the knee, pull it back to the back. It should be remembered that working a contracted muscle speeds up the disappearance of cramps.

If you feel chills for a long time, you need to get out of the water and do a short but energetic jog along the shore, wipe yourself dry with a towel and then you can sunbathe.

You should not enter the water after prolonged exposure to the sun, as the peripheral vessels are greatly dilated for greater heat transfer. When cooling in water, a sharp reflex contraction of the muscles occurs, which entails a cessation of breathing.

When swimming, you should try not to swim too far, as you may not calculate your strength. If you feel tired, do not get lost and strive to swim to the shore as soon as possible. You need to be able to “relax” on the water. The best vacation There will be a “lying on your back” position, in which, by applying light pressure on the water with the palms of your hands and the work of your legs, you can support yourself on the surface of the water in order to replenish your strength to continue swimming.

It happens that water gets into the windpipe and interferes with breathing. To get rid of it, you need to stop immediately, raise your head as high as possible above the water and cough forcefully. If, while standing in the water, you work vigorously with your arms and legs (press down on the water), then you can raise your head even higher, which will help you clear your throat better.

If you are caught in a current and carried to an unfamiliar place, you should not panic. While maintaining composure, do not swim against the current, otherwise you may become exhausted. It is better to swim downstream, gradually approaching the shore at a slight angle.

Attention!
You should never swim near whirlpools - this is the biggest danger on the water. They pull the swimmer onto greater depth and with such force that even an experienced swimmer is not always able to swim out.

Once in a whirlpool, you need to take in more air into your lungs, plunge into the water and, making a strong jerk to the side with the current, float to the surface.

In bodies of water with a lot of algae, you should try to swim close to the surface of the water without touching the plants. If, however, your arms or legs become entangled in the stems of algae, then you should not do this. sudden movements and jerks, otherwise the plant loops will tighten even more tightly. It is better to lie on your back and try to swim with soft, calm movements in the direction from which you came. If this does not help, then you need to pull up your legs and carefully free yourself from the plants with your hands.

When swimming when the water surface is rough, you need to carefully ensure that you inhale during the intervals between waves. When swimming against the waves, you should calmly climb up a steep wave and roll off it. If the wave has a crest (wall), then it is better to dive through the wave a little below it.

Remember!
It is very dangerous to jump headfirst into the water from rafts, piers and other floating structures!
There may be piles, rails, rocks, etc. underwater.
You can dive only where there is sufficient depth, clear water, and a flat bottom.

You cannot swim beyond the restrictive signs, as they limit the water area with a proven bottom and a certain depth. There are guaranteed to be no whirlpools, etc. There is no need to swim far from the shore or cross a body of water on a dare. You can prove your swimming ability by swimming the same distance several times near the shore.

Everyone should know this

It is prohibited to swim in the area of ​​water intake stations, dams, piers, moorings and other hydraulic structures.

You must not swim towards passing ships or boats, near which various whirlpools, waves and currents arise. If a steamer goes against the flow of a river, the swimmer can be pulled under the ship.

You should not swim on inflatable objects. Swimming on them is dangerous, and for a person who cannot swim, it often ends tragically. Inflatable chambers and mattresses are very light, even a weak wind and current are enough to carry them over long distances. If you get distracted for a few minutes, the shore is out of reach. The mattress can be overwhelmed by a wave, it can slip out from under the swimmer and cover his head. In addition, any inflatable object may have a hidden defect, which cannot always be detected in a timely manner: air may escape from it and it will lose buoyancy.

Particular care is required when swimming with a mask, snorkel and fins. You should not snorkel in very rough seas. You only need to swim along the shore and always under constant supervision so that they can come to your aid in time.

Objects near which swimming is prohibited: pier, dam, steamship, boat, pier

An important condition for safety on the water is discipline and organization. Pranks should not cross certain boundaries. Older children can sometimes “play tricks” on a friend: grab him by the legs while he is swimming, plunge him headlong, hold him under water, etc. Such jokes can lead to tragic consequences. Games should be played at shallow depths. When playing on the water, you should never give false distress signals such as: “I’m drowning, help!” This irritates those around you and distracts from the work of the rescue posts on duty, who are obliged to rush to the rescue in every such case. Simulating an accident can lead to the fact that those around you, accustomed to false signals, will not come to the aid of someone who will actually choke and drown.

You need to treat your friend carefully and carefully, not lose sight of him and come to his aid.

Younger brothers and sisters should not be left near the water. They may stumble and fall, get choked by a wave or fall into a hole.

It must be remembered that compliance with safety precautions is the main condition for safety on the water.

Water trips and water safety

Hiking along rivers, lakes, seas and reservoirs successfully combines elements of learning about the natural environment, active rest and healing of the body.

Water tourism is available to almost every healthy person. At the same time, water tourism is one of the most complex types of tourism and preparation for water travel has a number of its own characteristics. Students go on such trips with elders or a leader.

In the simplest trip, a water tourist must be able to swim well, assemble and repair a tourist vessel, properly pack, place and protect food and equipment from the wind; correctly board and disembark the ship, row and steer it, approach, moor to the shore and roll away (move away) from the shore. A water tourist must know well and recognize the obstacles encountered on water routes and master the techniques of overcoming them. A water tourist must be able to use various ways self-insurance and mutual insurance.

Remember!
The main purpose of insurance is to lift the injured crew from the water to the shore or to the insuring vessel as soon as possible and to pull out the damaged vessel.

The main dangers in water tourism are related to the characteristics of the aquatic environment. Water has a high heat capacity, which at low temperatures can lead to rapid and life-threatening hypothermia for a person caught in the water. In addition, there is always a danger of drowning.

Attention!
Traveling on water requires high discipline from the participants of the trip, compliance with the rules of behavior on the route, as well as accurate and quick execution of the leader’s commands.

Used for water tourism different kinds light rowing vessels, the most common are kayaks, catamarans and inflatable boat. Boats, dugouts, punts and locally built vessels are also used.

Most water tourists make their first trip on a hull-mounted kayak. This vessel is most suitable for acquiring initial skills in sailing and boat control, the ability to navigate the river, and recognize obstacles.

Preparing for a boat trip

If a locally built wooden boat is used for a water trip, then you need to take with you everything that may be needed to repair it: resin, tow, nails, an axe, a wood saw, a screwdriver, pliers, a wooden hammer, etc.

Everyone should know this

During a water tourism trip, tourists must follow a number of basic safety rules:

• Documents and money must be packed in a waterproof bag, which must be kept with you at all times in a zippered pocket of your underpants or hung around your neck. Store a supply of matches and dry alcohol in plastic (metal) containers with screw caps.
• Keep a tent, bedding, spare clothes, linen, and food that is susceptible to moisture in polyethylene bags.
• Lifebuoys must be inflated and stowed: in the boat in the bow on top of the luggage, in the kayak on the bow deck or behind the backs of the rowers; life jackets are put on and in working position.
• When traveling on boats, the bow of the boat is used for the bulk of things. It is recommended to keep products in boxes. It is advisable to strengthen the fire pits and bedding along the sides from the inside. Things are loaded into the boat when the boat is already on the water.

Organization and safety of the trip

When boarding, you cannot jump into the boat; you must enter the ship from the stern one by one and immediately take your seats. After landing, the rowers insert oarlocks, and oars into the oarlocks and place them along the sides. The helmsman, having pushed the boat into free water, takes his place.

During a voyage, the vessel must be in visual and vocal communication with those in front and behind.

Attention!
A cry on the water should mean one thing: “We are in an accident!” In all other cases, this is a gross violation of discipline.

Approaching the shore, the helmsman turns the boat against the current and directs it at a slight angle to the shore. At the helmsman's command, the rowers place the oars along the sides, and the helmsman, using the speed of the boat, brings it to the shore, hammers in a stake and ties (moors) the boat to it. Tourists stand in line, take their oars and go ashore.

Possible emergency situations during a boat trip

The ship capsized on a free wave. In this situation, tourists walking ahead of the damaged ship catch the floating things, and the victims act according to the situation. If the place is shallow, then they must immediately put the boat on the keel (turn it over to its original position), take it ashore, remove sunken things from the water and dry them. If the accident occurred at depth, the group must first drive the vessel to shallow water.

The ship capsized on the threshold. The crew of the capsized ship grabs the edges of the boat and swims to the shore. The crews of the ships in front are catching things that floated away from the capsized boat.

Rescue of a drowning man. If there is a need to rescue a drowning person from a boat, then you need to approach him with the bow or stern. After this, one of those in the boat, lying on the bow or stern and clinging his feet to a bench (bank), helps the drowning person climb into the boat. You should not pull a drowning person out of the boat, as in this case the boat may capsize.

When assisting a drowning person from a kayak, it is necessary to give him a lifebuoy, an oar, and the end of a rope for towing and take him to a shallow place.

In conclusion, we note that relaxing on the water is very attractive and good for health, but this benefit must be used wisely so that something pleasant does not turn into misfortune.

Everyone should know this

Let us recall the basic rules that everyone who loves active recreation on the water should know and follow: for swimming it is better to use an equipped beach, and if there is none, then a permanent place for swimming, constantly checking it from a safety point of view; learn to swim and relax on the water; realistically assess your ability to stay on the water (breaks in swimming reduce your ability. Remember this when you want to swim further); do not go swimming alone, help can always come in handy; learn to use life-saving equipment, including improvised ones; learn to provide self- and mutual assistance to those in distress on the water.

Questions

1. Are all bodies of water suitable for swimming?
2. What criteria determine your safety when swimming in various bodies of water?
3. Why is it not recommended to swim on inflatable objects (mattresses, inner tubes, etc.)?
4. What safety precautions should be taken during a boat trip?
5. List possible emergency situations during a boat trip and recommendations for safe behavior.

Exercise

Based on your personal experience and, taking into account the recommendations, formulate the basic rules of personal safety on the water while swimming in various bodies of water, taking into account the swimming conditions and your capabilities. Record your findings in your safety diary.

Once in a whirlpool, you need to take in more air into your lungs, plunge into the water and, making a strong jerk to the side with the current, float to the surface.

In bodies of water with a large amount algae you must try to swim close to the surface of the water without touching the plants. If, nevertheless, your arms or legs become entangled in the stems of algae, then you should not make sudden movements or jerks, otherwise the loops of the plants will tighten even more tightly. It is better to lie on your back and try to swim with soft, calm movements in the direction from which you came. If this does not help, then you need to pull up your legs and carefully free yourself from the plants with your hands.

Swimming at excitement water surface, you must carefully ensure that inhalation occurs in the intervals between waves. When swimming against the waves, you should calmly climb up a steep wave and roll off it. If the wave has a crest (wall), then it is better to dive through the wave a little below it.

You can't swim for restrictive signs, since they limit the water area with a proven bottom and a certain depth. There are guaranteed to be no whirlpools, etc. There is no need to swim far from the shore or cross a body of water on a dare. You can prove your swimming ability by swimming the same distance several times near the shore.

An important condition for safety on the water is discipline and organization. Pranks should not cross certain boundaries. Older children can sometimes “play tricks” on a friend: grab him by the legs while he is swimming, plunge him headlong, hold him under water, etc. Such jokes can lead to tragic consequences. Games should be played at shallow depths. When playing on the water, you should never give false distress signals such as: “I’m drowning, help!” This irritates those around you and distracts from the work of the rescue posts on duty, who are obliged to rush to the rescue in every such case. Simulating an accident can lead to the fact that those around you, accustomed to false signals, will not come to the aid of someone who will actually choke and drown.

You need to treat your friend carefully and carefully, not lose sight of him and come to his aid.

Younger brothers and sisters should not be left near the water. They may stumble and fall, get choked by a wave or fall into a hole.

It must be remembered that compliance with safety precautions is the main condition for safety on the water.

Water trips and water safety

Hiking along rivers, lakes, seas and reservoirs successfully combines elements of learning about the natural environment, active recreation and improving the health of the body.

Water tourism available to almost every healthy person. At the same time, water tourism is one of the most complex types of tourism and preparation for water travel has a number of its own characteristics. Students go on such trips with elders or a leader.

In the simplest trip, a water tourist must be able to swim well, assemble and repair a tourist vessel, properly pack, place and protect food and equipment from the wind; correctly board and disembark the ship, row and steer it, approach, moor to the shore and roll away (move away) from the shore. A water tourist must know well and recognize the obstacles encountered on water routes and master the techniques of overcoming them. A water tourist must be able to use various methods of self-insurance and mutual insurance.

The main dangers in water tourism are related to the characteristics of the aquatic environment. Water has a high heat capacity, which at low temperatures can lead to rapid and life-threatening hypothermia for a person caught in the water. In addition, there is always a danger of drowning.

Various types of light rowing vessels are used for water tourism; the most common are kayaks, catamarans and inflatable boats. Boats, dugouts, punts and locally built vessels are also used.

Most water tourists make their first trip on a hull-mounted kayak. This vessel is most suitable for acquiring initial skills in sailing and boat control, the ability to navigate the river, and recognize obstacles.