Equipment for ventilation of a swimming pool in a cottage. Installing a ventilation system for a swimming pool - how should the requirements be met? Certification of ventilation systems

If you dream that the pool will be a place for comfortable and safe relaxation, it is advisable to take care of ventilation equipment in advance. You can read about what types of ventilation systems there are and what their main functional features are, how to choose the right one, and what you should remember during installation in this article.

Methods for organizing pool ventilation

Often, when constructing indoor swimming pools, the issue of ventilation is not considered important and is often practically not considered. But without proper ventilation, the pool turns into a breeding ground for pathogenic environments and this poses a threat to the health of vacationers. The main purpose of pool air exchange is to create optimal humidity in accordance with regulatory standards. A properly constructed ventilation exchange system will help avoid operational problems that arise in the absence or incorrectly installed ventilation.

This installation allows air to be ventilated, excess moisture is removed, and access to fresh air, which makes the bathing process comfortable. In addition, it is necessary to create a special microclimate in the water bath for comfortable being undressed at any time of the year.

The main tasks of pool room ventilation:

maintaining optimal humidity;
organization of air exchange in accordance with accepted standards.

A water surface and a constantly wet floor evaporate a large amount of water and this creates conditions for exceeding the humidity level. In this case, the person experiences unpleasant sensations: it is difficult to breathe in a humid and stuffy room. In addition, the pool disinfectants evaporate and a foreign odor is added, which is sharply felt when the humidity rises.

The following means of organizing ventilation can be distinguished:

replacement method (systematic replacement of moist air with dry air);
condensation method (moist air is forced through special drying devices, the function of which is to remove moisture and return it already dry, adding fresh air back into the room);
mixed method (this method combines the two previous ones, is considered expensive, but at the same time the most effective).

Functional features of pool ventilation

There are accepted standards for indoor swimming pools:

water temperature - 26-29 °C above zero;
air temperature - 27-32 °C above zero;
relative humidity in the warm season - 65%;
relative humidity in the cold season 50%;
air turnover is about 0.2 meters per second.

The replacement method is the most cost-effective of the existing ones. A double ventilation system operating synchronously is organized. In the cold season, this method works well; the air from the street does not contain a large amount of moisture. IN summer time This method does not solve the problem of high humidity. It is necessary to install an additional dehumidifier or increase the air exchange rate; this entails additional material costs. This method is quite expensive to operate; in winter, heat is used irrationally, essentially heating the street. Installed humidity sensors make it possible to more efficiently manage the air exchange system. The recuperator is installed to heat the supply air in winter.

The condensation method is used for dehumidification with the addition of fresh air. A dehumidifier is installed to help increase air circulation in the pool, dehumidify the air and mix in fresh air from the street. Among the disadvantages of the method are the increase in temperature in the pool building, high electrical energy consumption and insufficient supply of fresh air.

The mixed method is used in a supply and exhaust structure with a built-in dehumidifier. This helps control and maintain air humidity at an optimal level all year round. When a recuperator is installed, the system operates most efficiently. The method is the most expensive, but it is quite inexpensive to use.

Regulatory requirements for pool design

Following the standards will allow you to enjoy a comfortable bath without harm to your health. Following these standards, it is necessary to design ventilation in such a way as to avoid stagnant zones. Setting optimal ventilation, taking into account all requirements, can be as follows:

flow-exhaust;
autonomous;
independent.

independent inlet;
exhaust

Exhaust systems must be equipped with electrically heated valves and containers for collecting condensate. A convenient approach for maintaining the system must be provided.

It is necessary to remember the noise level; exceeding sixty decibels is unacceptable.

Features of designing indoor pools can be described as follows:

an individual project is used, taking into account specific features specific pool;
it is necessary to create maximum comfort for visitors;
placement of the swimming pool on the ground floor;
correctly take into account the width of the bypass paths;
calculate the size of the water surface;
consider the mode of use (occasional, short-term, year-round, etc.).

The ventilation system is designed taking into account the characteristics of the building. Important Tips, which you should pay attention to:

moist air is removed from the upper zone;
the area of the ventilation grilles should be large;
implement the principle of displacement ventilation.

If the following signs are present, it is necessary to improve the air exchange system:

feeling of discomfort and desire to leave the room;
the appearance of condensation on the surfaces of walls and windows.

Indoor pool ventilation

When building an indoor pool, the following indicators are taken into account:

the size of the area where the pool will be located;
air exchange rate for the supply and exhaust ventilation system;
calculation of air supply per person;
calculation of comfortable room temperature.

An important criterion when designing a ventilation system is taking into account and maintaining the standards at which a person will feel comfortable. Important indicators for this are humidity levels and temperature conditions. You should think about ventilation at the very first stage - designing a pool. The level of comfort will be optimal with the following indicators:

humidity level not higher than 65%;
the gap between water and air temperatures is no more than two degrees;
the water temperature for heated pools is about thirty degrees above zero;
absence of drafts and strong air movements.

How to properly ventilate an indoor pool can be seen in the video at the end of the article.

Pool air drying systems

A properly installed ventilation structure will allow free flow of fresh air and removal of excess moisture. In order for the ventilation system to successfully cope with its responsibilities, the following parameters are taken into account:

room size;
size reserved for water;
temperature indicators;
number of visitors.

If miscalculations are made, the result is condensation on the surfaces in the room, corrosion develops on metal surfaces, fungus appears, and rotting of wooden materials appears. Within a few seasons, the pool may fail completely. To avoid this, it is necessary to properly plan ventilation. And if mistakes were made, they can be corrected.

A dehumidifier can solve the problem of high humidity. You need to choose the right equipment. During an hour of operation, the device must drive out the humid air of the room three times. Only a specialist can choose the right dehumidifier. A dehumidifier only partially solves the problem of excess moisture.

Using a ventilation system without additional removal of moisture from the air can only bring results if:

in an hour the air is circulated five times;
the surface of the water surface is not large;
The pool is not visited often.

Microclimate of the pool room

Saturation humidity is the maximum possible amount of water that air masses can contain. As the air increases, the humidity level increases. In a situation where the maximum saturation moisture limit is overcome, excess moisture appears, which is visible on surfaces. In this situation, pool hoods are extremely necessary. There are three methods to reduce humidity:

condensation;
assimilation;
combined.

Moisture condensation in the pool room is carried out by passing the air flow through a special device - a dehumidifier. The moisture condenses, the air masses warm up to the required temperature and flow back. This system is suitable for a small pool where it is not possible to use an air inlet/outlet system. The design is equipped with a hygrostat that starts the compressor. At optimal units, the hygrostat stops the operation of the compressor. Dehumidifiers in this type of ventilation systems are:

wall mounted;
wall built-in;
stationary.

Wall-mounted dehumidifiers are located in rooms with completed renovations.

Wall-mounted ones are located in the adjoining room, and a fence mesh is located in the pool room. This ventilation system is planned and installed on initial stage construction.

Stationary dehumidifiers are the most powerful designs; a special room is required for their location; most often, such dehumidifiers are installed in sports complexes and water parks. The influx and release of air occurs through the air communication system. By using a special duct heater, an efficient and effective ventilation system is obtained.

Assimilation of moisture in the pool is the next type of dehumidification. Supply and exhaust structures operate according to this rule; they circulate air five times in the pool room. Small personal pools can be done without a dehumidifier, but pools with large water surfaces in hot climates cannot do without one. The assimilation method allows you to clean air masses from persistent foreign odors. The disadvantage of this system is its dependence on weather conditions.

The combined method is the most optimal type for draining large, heavily trafficked pools. The use of a dehumidifier and ventilation is recommended; they can work independently of each other or work in conjunction to maintain an optimal microclimate.

Calculation of ventilation in the pool

Humidity up to sixty percent is considered optimal in an indoor pool. But in practice, the figures drop to forty-five percent. The feeling of waterlogging plays an important role in this. Even with a properly organized air exchange system, a feeling of discomfort and condensation may occur. When designing a ventilation system, the calculation is based on determining the air flow. The calculation of the ventilation system and the rules for arranging the ventilation system in the pool are based on the following parameters:

pool size;
track size;
total area of the building;
temperature regimes in the main seasons and off-season;
water temperature;
air temperature;
number of visitors.

The following calculations are also taken when designing ventilation:

heat supply;
moisture intake;
calculation of air exchange.

The pool ventilation scheme depends on the choice of ventilation type and is always considered individually for each pool.

Installation of climate control systems

In pools with a large volume of water surface, climatic complexes are used. These powerful, large installations maintain an optimal microclimate around the clock. In addition, they provide interchange of air masses, drying, cleaning and heating. Recommended for use in pools with humidity outside the normal range and with the presence of evaporation of air disinfectants. The complex is capable of operating in several modes, sensors measure the air, and the built-in computer switches to the required operating mode. To install the complex, additional space near the pool is required. Installation is complex and expensive, but it pays for itself in a few years, allowing you to save on maintenance and installation.

For a safe and enjoyable stay in the pool, care should be taken to create proper air exchange. Our specialists will help you choose a ventilation system that is suitable for your pool. This will give you the opportunity to relax safely, comfortably and with pleasure.

Any room in which a swimming pool is located is quite specific, mainly due to the abundance of water vapor. As you know, moisture settles in the form of condensation on colder surfaces, as a result of which corrosion processes develop, fungus and rot appear. In addition, the windows in this room fog up, and moisture settles on almost everything located there. To avoid such troubles, you will need high-quality pool ventilation. What it is, why it is needed and how it is arranged will be discussed in today’s article.

Why may pool ventilation be required?

Due to the special characteristics of the air and water in the room where the swimming pond is located, moisture safely evaporates from the bowl, and it is not possible to interfere with this process. When moisture settles on various kinds of structural elements or simply interior items, it inevitably leads to their deterioration. However, if you properly design and equip the ventilation system, it will effectively remove all air fumes to the street.

Another disadvantage of the abundance of water vapor indoors is that people who swim in the pool simply experience discomfort. Moreover, humid air negatively affects the respiratory system, as well as the psychological state of a person as a whole. And finally, the third reason why ventilation is mandatory in this case is the inevitable damage to all electronic equipment located in the pool. Typically, even ceiling lighting fixtures protected by glass become unusable.

To make the ventilation system more efficient, it is usually additionally equipped with air dryers. By the way, there are many ventilation systems themselves, but only two are the most popular among them:

with separation of outflow/inflow of air;
supply and exhaust (with heat recovery option).

Let's take a closer look at each of the options mentioned.

Option one. With separation of outflow/inflow of air

This type of ventilation system is classified as separate; in this case, the air enters and exits through separate system elements. If we talk about cost, then equipment for such ventilation is noticeably cheaper (when compared with the option described in the next paragraph of the article), however, during further operation it will necessarily require considerable expenses. In addition, the dimensions of the separate ventilation system are quite large, therefore, using it (especially in small rooms) is very inconvenient.

Note! The supply ventilation of the pool has one very important distinctive feature - it supplies fresh air into the room separately from the parallel exhaust of air that has managed to be humidified to the street.

We also note that such ventilation systems are often equipped during the construction of swimming pools. The main element in this case is the fan, which is built into the exhaust ducts.

If we talk specifically about the flow of fresh air, it is carried out through the following devices:

a control unit designed to maintain the volume of supplied air and temperature;
an air intake device on which there is a valve that does not allow cold outside air to enter the room in cases where the system is turned off;
a fan with which air is pumped in;
a cleaning filter necessary to clean the incoming air;
a heating device with which this incoming air is heated.

For a more detailed understanding of this issue, we recommend watching the thematic video presented below.

Video - About ventilation in swimming pools

Option two. Supply and exhaust (with heat recovery function)

If we talk about this type of exhaust ventilation system, then it functions in a single unit. Typically, such a system will require serious expenses even during the purchase of all the equipment required for it, but during further operation you will encounter a pleasant surprise - noticeable savings (much greater than that of the option described above).

Let's get acquainted with the main advantages of using such systems.

First of all, its installation does not require too much space. One block contains all the components necessary for the operation of the system, therefore, the entire complex turns out to be very oversized when compared with ventilation, in which the elements are separated. An ideal option for pools whose area is small, which means they are most often used in private country houses.
Another advantage is that during operation the system does not consume much electricity, since it (as the name suggests) has a recuperator. Thanks to this device, you can save from 50 to 40 percent of electricity, since the supply air is heated by the exhaust gas, but does not mix with it. In other words, the temperature in the room is kept at the same level only thanks to its thermal reserve. And this, in turn, reduces the required power of the motor used by approximately two or two and a half times.

As for the design of the supply and exhaust system, it includes the following important elements:

heater of air entering inside;
fan (still the same supply and exhaust);
heat recuperator;
purification filter necessary to purify fresh air;
the last element is a double valve, with which the cold air supply is shut off if the system is turned off.

Note also that the system described above, equipped with a heat recuperator, is quite often also equipped with a function automatic adjustment temperature indicators, as well as values of the amount of water vapor. Moreover, this pool ventilation can additionally be equipped with devices that distribute heated air to other rooms; Another example of a “bonus” device is a dehumidifier.

What about automated ventilation systems?

Automatic systems are capable of monitoring the entire ventilation system, as well as adjusting its functions. Below are the main points that automated systems perform.

Direct connection of the ventilation system with the so-called “smart home” system.
Maintaining air temperature and humidity levels at the required level, monitoring the performance of the ventilation system itself.
Providing protection (both for the system as a whole and its individual components), preventing water from freezing in water heaters, reducing voltage, and so on.
Notification of all problems and emergency situations that occur in the system.
Monitoring the sequence of all operations that occur in the system.

As you can see, there are really a lot of functions, and therefore automated systems fully justify their inflated cost.

Regulatory Requirements

Any ventilation system must be selected in accordance with certain indicators that must be observed in the premises where swimming pools are located. If you intend to provide the most safe and comfortable conditions in the mentioned premises, then you must adhere to some numbers.

The maximum air humidity should be 65 percent.
The air exchange rate, in accordance with regulatory requirements, is equal to 80 cubic meters per hour for each person in the room. Although when drawing up a project, as a rule, they are not based on this indicator, but on the calculated value.
The maximum difference between the temperature indicators of water and air should be no more than 20 degrees (and exclusively in favor of air).
The gas flow that exits the ventilation system must have a speed of no more than 20 meters per second. If the speed is higher, drafts will form that can be felt by the skin.
Finally, the water temperature, in accordance with the same standards, must be less than 32 degrees Celsius.

Note also that regulatory requirements allow a difference between the volumes of outgoing/incoming air, but no more? total air exchange rate. Although in this case you must definitely take into account the speed at which the gas flow moves. When designing, take into account the fact that the noise level in a given room is - it should be a maximum of 60 decibels.

Note! It is quite obvious that the natural ventilation system is unable to provide such indicators in a room, and therefore, if there is a swimming pool, it (the room) must be equipped with forced ventilation.

Features of drafting a ventilation system

If you are drafting a ventilation system (regardless of what type it is planned), then you must take into account the functional parameters of the entire structure - this will ensure the specified conditions; also do not forget about the negative factors affecting structural elements. Perhaps the most important substance, without which no pool ventilation is complete, is condensate. If it accumulates on the walls of the ventilation shaft, it will inevitably lead to corrosion processes, as well as equipment failure. To avoid this, it is necessary to insulate the shaft and install electrically heated valves. In addition, be sure to supplement the shaft with a tray into which accumulated moisture would drain.

Any ventilation system (no matter its size) must be able to operate at a lower capacity in order to save electricity when the pool is idle. In turn, you must equip the system with a device of higher power so that the ventilation can cope with everything successfully if there are a large number of people in the pool. Of course, all these additions are not mandatory, but thanks to them, electricity is saved during continuous operation, while the efficiency of the entire system remains at the same level. This addition is especially relevant for country houses, where the equipment is not used as often as, for example, in public swimming pools.

But the most important thing that you should consider during design is the area of the room, the presence/absence of heating, air flow rates, as well as air exchange rates. As for the supply and exhaust system, it can be considered universal, since it is capable of solving all these problems at once. It includes various kinds of structural elements, including fans, filtration devices or, say, a heater. That is why, in fact, she successfully copes with all tasks.

Note! The pool ventilation system should be installed separately from the general house ventilation. We also note that to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the bowl, it can be curtained during downtime.

We develop a ventilation system project

As noted earlier, when designing ventilation, the air humidity is assumed to be about 65 percent, but in reality this figure is usually reduced by 15 or even 20 percent. The reason for this is extremely simple - the so-called tactile sensation of humidity. So, if the system is equipped correctly and provides the required humidity, then a feeling of discomfort and condensation can still be noticed. As a result, the functional characteristics of the system are adjusted. The phenomena described above disappear after this, but the humidity no longer meets regulatory requirements.

When drawing up a project, also take into account the air flow. There are many formulas and special tables that can help determine the required air exchange at the current temperature and area of the pool bowl.

Here are the main characteristics that must be taken into account during calculations:

air temperature under the ceiling (due to the fact that warm air weighs less and therefore always tends upward);
water area;
number of people visiting the pool at the same time (on average);
general dimensions of bypass paths;
air temperature indicator;
average outdoor temperature in summer/winter;
temperature indicator of water.

If you design the pool ventilation yourself, then be sure to make the calculations below.

Determine how much heat comes from people, water in the thicket, sunlight, lighting fixtures and, in fact, paths.
Determine how much moisture comes from swimmers, paths and water.
Calculate the air exchange, taking into account the standard indicator.

In accordance with the standards of the German Society of Engineers, the latter indicator must be calculated based on water area, total humidity and water temperature. In addition, the functional features of the room must be taken into account. The calculation formula looks like this: in the following way(in kilograms per hour):

e*F*РВ-PL = W.

Let's look at what each of the indicators means:

F denotes the total water area in square meters;
PL is the vapor pressure for given humidity/temperature conditions;
RV is the same steam pressure, but only for the given parameters of the water in the bowl;
finally, e is an evaporation indicator that determines the functional features of the design.

The last indicator depends on the type of pool. So, if the structure is covered with film, then e will be 0.5; if it has water slides, then 35; if the water is static, then 5; when it comes to public swimming pool, then about 20; finally, if the bowl is small and the average number of people attends it, then 15.

Note! Obviously, the humidity outside varies depending on the specific time of year. Professionals recommend taking the average value (it is 9 grams per kilogram), since its change with each subsequent season is not too significant.

We also note that directly when installing a ventilation system, you must thermally insulate and seal each of the air ducts without fail. The air flow should not be directed towards the water surface. If the pool ventilation is small, it can be installed between the base and suspended ceilings. Finally, using an air conditioner in a room that already has ventilation is not advisable.

That's all, now you know what ventilation is in such places, how to design and calculate it. Don't forget to watch another thematic video. Good luck with your work!

Video - Installation of a supply and exhaust ventilation system

According to the requirements of the Construction Norms and Rules (SNiP-a), the air exchange in the pool room must be fourfold, that is, within an hour, all the air in the room is replaced four times.
Also, in the bathtub halls of swimming pools with seats for spectators, air exchange calculations should be performed for two modes - with and without spectators .

Air parameters

The ventilation system must maintain certain air parameters in the pool room:

Temperature. Not only the comfort of people depends on it, but also the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the water. Therefore, the air temperature should be slightly (1-2°C) higher than the water temperature (if the water is warmer than the air, then the evaporation of moisture increases significantly). For private pools, the recommended air and water temperatures are 30°C and 28°C, respectively. To heat the supply air to a given temperature in inexpensive direct-flow systems, water or electric heaters are used. In supply and exhaust units, to save energy, in addition to the air heater, heat recuperators can be installed, usually based on plate recuperators and heat pumps (recuperators heat the supply air using the heat of the exhaust air). If the outside air temperature can exceed the indoor air temperature for a long time, then it is necessary to use a ventilation system with a cooling function.
Humidity. This is one of the most important parameters air, which affects the safety of the finishing and structural elements of the pool premises. If air humidity exceeds a safe level for a long time, structural elements may become unusable - covered with rust and mold due to the formation of condensation. Therefore, during non-working hours, to reduce evaporation from the water surface, it is recommended to cover the surface of the pool with film. Note that it is necessary to monitor and manage relative, not absolute humidity (moisture content). Relative humidity at constant moisture content strongly depends on temperature, so a decrease in temperature by 1°C leads to an increase in humidity by 3.5%. To reduce air humidity, two methods are used:
- Assimilation of moisture by outside air, that is, supplying outside air with a low moisture content to the room and removing humid air from the room. This method works well in winter when the moisture content of the outside air is low. In summer in central Russia, assimilation of moisture by outside air is also possible, but it should be borne in mind that in hot and rainy weather, the moisture content of outside air may be higher than that of inside air, and then this method will not work.
- Condensation drying on the surface of the evaporator. Pool dehumidifiers operate on this principle. The dehumidifier can be made as a separate unit or built into the ventilation unit. Note that the name dehumidifier for this unit is not entirely accurate. A more general name would be more correct: refrigeration machine or a refrigeration circuit, since this unit not only reduces air humidity, but also transfers heat from the exhaust air to the supply air (heat pump), and when the direction of movement of the refrigerant changes, it can cool the supply air.
Humidity in the pool room should be maintained at 40-65%, while more is allowed in the warm season high level humidity, since there are no cold surfaces in the room on which moisture condensation can occur. Based on this, the recommended values for relative air humidity are: up to 55% in summer, up to 45% in winter.
Fresh air quantity. The minimum volume of fresh air supplied is determined by sanitary standards (80 m³/h per person) and the need to assimilate moisture from the air (in the absence of a condensation dehumidifier). In summer, the volume of supplied air is usually higher than in winter, since during the warm period the difference in moisture content between indoor and outdoor air is lower.
The ratio of supply and exhaust air. It is recommended to maintain a slight vacuum in the pool room (the air flow of the exhaust system should be 10-15% higher than the supply air). This prevents moist air and odors from the pool from spreading to other rooms.
Air mobility. Unlike residential premises, where ventilation can be turned off for some time, in the pool room constant air movement must be ensured based on a 6-fold air exchange. This is due to the fact that in still air, even with normal average humidity, stagnant zones form near cold surfaces, where the temperature drops below the dew point and condensation occurs. To avoid this, the air must be constantly mixed. In winter, such an amount of outside air is usually not required to assimilate moisture, so to ensure the necessary mobility, a ventilation unit with a mixing chamber is used (in which outside and inside air are mixed in a given proportion and supplied to the room). We also note that when choosing the location of the air distributors, it is necessary to take into account that the air flow should pass along cold surfaces (usually vertically along the windows), but there should be no drafts in the swimming area, since this not only creates discomfort for pool visitors, but also significantly enhances moisture evaporation.

More details about the parameters of the air environment and the rules for designing ventilation systems in a swimming pool can be found in the already mentioned recommendations of ABOK 7.5-2012.

Operating modes of the ventilation unit

In modern specialized air handling units with a digital automation system, all operating modes are configured once during commissioning. The user does not need to change anything in the system settings in the future: to control it, he will only need to switch the operating and standby modes of operation (this can be done either from the remote control or using a regular switch for these purposes).

If a ventilation unit with a simplified automation system or a model not intended for these purposes is used to ventilate the pool, then the user will have to independently control the fan speed and operating mode of the heater, set the air humidity depending on the season, and change other settings. And such a ventilation system, due to non-optimal settings, most likely will not allow maintaining a comfortable microclimate with the lowest possible energy consumption.

Specialized models of air handling units for swimming pools operate in two main modes:

Work mode(may also be called Day Mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates during the operation of the pool, when there are people in the room, while a specified amount of outside air is constantly supplied to the room (not less than sanitary standards). Dehumidification can be carried out both by assimilation of moisture with outside air, and by a combined method (assimilation + condensation dehumidification of air). In the second case, energy consumption will be lower.
Standby mode(may also be called Night mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates when there are no people in the room. Outside air is not supplied to the room, the ventilation unit operates in recirculation mode (this allows you to save energy without wasting it on heating the outside air). At the same time, the automation constantly monitors air humidity and, when it rises above a predetermined level, turns on the refrigeration circuit compressor for condensation dehumidification (if the ventilation unit has a dehumidifier), or supplies outside air to assimilate moisture (if there is no dehumidifier). The ventilation unit can have a customizable ventilation mode in Standby mode - once a day, fresh air is briefly supplied to the room so that unpleasant odors do not accumulate there.

Some models have emergency mode work. If a malfunction of the built-in or stand-alone dehumidifier occurs and the air humidity rises above a critical level, the supply of outside air is increased to assimilate the moisture.

You can find out more about each operating mode and equipment features in the documentation on the manufacturers’ websites.

Recuperator

Recuperator (air-to-air heat exchanger) is a steel box through which counter flows of fresh street and dirty exhaust air pass through channels separated by a thin steel sheet. There is an exchange of heat, due to which the cold street air is slightly heated due to the outgoing polluted air.

The main function of the recuperator is to save heat, which is necessary to heat the supply air in winter. We take in cold air from the street. The heat savings of the recuperator are simply colossal, but it is only effective in pools with a water surface of more than 40 m2.

To understand this, you need to look at the operating modes of the pool ventilation. The pool ventilation system is calculated for 4 operating modes:

Summer Winter.
Day/Night (or operation/idle mode)

Summer. In summer, the air outside is warm and humid, so it is supplied to the pool room without heating, bypassing the heater and recuperator. The moisture content in the street air in summer is very high - 12.8 g/kg. Therefore, in order to remove moisture from the pool with already humid street air, it is necessary to blow through the pool room with a large volume of air, i.e. take not by quality, but by quantity.

Winter. The situation is the opposite. The air outside is cold and needs to be heated to supply it to the pool, but the main thing is that it is very dry. Its moisture content is only 0.39 g/kg, i.e. 32 times drier than air in summer, which means the amount of such air needed to drain the pool is several times less. Thus, to dry the air by ventilation in a pool with a water area of 25 m2, approximately 3000 m3/h of air is needed in summer, and only 400 m3/h in winter, which is 7.5 times less.

The air handling unit simply reduces the speed in winter. You only need to heat 400 m3/h, and the efficiency and payback of the recuperator occurs when air volumes exceed 1000 m3/h. Such a volume of air for draining a pool in winter may only be needed if the water surface area is more than 40 m2.

You should think carefully and buy a pool recuperator only with plasticized plates. They will protect the recuperator from moisture. And the recuperator pays off after at least 2 years of use.

If you really want to save heat in the ventilation system, provide blinds to cover the pool water surface during non-working hours. This way you can reduce moisture release from the pool, which means reducing both the air volume and the consumption of the ventilation system by 70%.

Air handling unit with bypass channel

Bypass channel or recirculation from the word “compass” - circle. We simply mix the exhaust air with the supply air. Why? - This question should be asked to me by phone if you order the design of a commercial swimming pool with a water surface area of more than 80 m2.

Supply and exhaust units (separate)

In this case, we have the opportunity to take a more flexible approach to the placement of ventilation system equipment. We make separate supply and exhaust installations. They take up significantly less space than systems with a recuperator. They can be located in different rooms, for example in the attic, in the basement, and even in the suspended ceiling of the pool itself. The air supply unit, operating in 2 modes, supplies 3000 m3/h in summer, and heats and supplies only 400 m3/h in winter. The exhaust unit exhausts moist air outside, and the heating cable on the outdoor grilles protects them from the formation of icicles.

This is the simplest and most effective pool ventilation scheme. Air dehumidification is a technologically very troublesome process. The air must first be cooled, then heated.
Why do we need this if the humid air can simply be thrown outside? To heat 400 m3/h of air you need only 7.5 kW of thermal energy from the boiler (not to be confused with electricity consumption) and this is at -25 oC outside.

A room with a swimming pool is very specific due to the presence of a large amount of water vapor in it. Moisture condenses on the surface at a lower temperature, resulting in the processes of corrosion, rotting and fungus formation. In the room with the pool, the windows fog up and moisture accumulates on the objects there. High-quality ventilation of the room with a swimming pool eliminates all these inconveniences.

Why is pool ventilation needed?

The characteristics of water and air in a room with a swimming pool favor the evaporation of water from the bowl; it is impossible to stop this process. Moisture settles on interior items and various structural elements, which leads to their damage. A properly designed and installed ventilation system will remove all air fumes from the room.

The second negative factor from water vapor is the discomfort of people in the pool. Humid air negatively affects the respiratory system and psychological state. The third factor is damage to the electrical equipment located in the pool. Even glass-covered ceiling lights suffer.

Ventilation systems for better effect equipped with air dryers. Among all types of ventilation systems, there are two most common:

Supply and exhaust with heat recovery
With separation of air inflow and outflow.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery

This type of exhaust system operates in one unit. At the stage of purchasing all necessary materials This system requires high costs, but during operation it is more economical than flow ventilation. Benefits of use:

Does not require much space for installation. All components are located in one block, and therefore occupy a smaller area than ventilation with separated elements. It is optimally suited for small pools and is therefore often used in private homes.
During operation, the installation has reduced energy consumption due to the presence of a recuperator. This device saves up to 50-70% energy, since the supply air is heated by the extracted gas, but does not mix with it. That is, the temperature in the room is kept at the same level due to its own heat reserve. Thanks to this, the required power of the motor used is reduced by 2-2.5 times.

The supply and exhaust type pool ventilation system contains the following elements:

Supply and exhaust fan.
Filter for cleaning incoming air.
Double valve that blocks the passage of cold air when the system is turned off.
Heat recuperator.
Incoming air heater.

In some cases, the supply and exhaust ventilation of a swimming pool with a heat recuperator is equipped with an automated controller for the amount of water vapor and temperature. Also, in addition, devices are installed that distribute heated air to other rooms and an air dehumidifier.

Ventilation with separation of air inflow and outflow

This system is separate; air inlet and outlet are produced by different ventilation system elements. The equipment in this case costs less than for the first type of ventilation, but during operation it will require greater expenses. Also, separate ventilation has rather large dimensions and is not so convenient for use in small rooms.

Flow ventilation of the pool is characterized by a separate supply of fresh air into the room with the simultaneous removal of already humidified air to the outside. Equipment of this type of ventilation is carried out at the stage of general construction work on the construction of a swimming pool. Its main element is a fan built into the exhaust ducts. The air supply is carried out using the following equipment:

An air intake device equipped with a valve that prevents cold flow from entering the room when the system is turned off.
Filter that purifies incoming air.
Incoming air heater.
Fan for pumping air.
Control unit for maintaining the temperature level and volume of incoming air.

Automation of ventilation

The automated system carries out full control above the ventilation system, regulates its functions. The work performed by the automated system:

Maintains air humidity and temperature at a given level, as well as the performance of the ventilation system itself.
At specified intervals, it turns on or off individual structural elements of the system or its entirety.

Notifies you of emerging emergencies and system problems.
Tracks the sequence of all operations taking place in the system.
Provides protection for the system as a whole and its individual components, protects water heaters from freezing moisture in them, voltage drop, etc.
Connects ventilation with the smart home system.

Standards for air parameters in the pool

The ventilation system is selected according to certain indicators that are observed in the room with the pool. When creating a safe and pleasant environment in the room, the following numbers are maintained:

Air humidity no more than 65%.
The temperature ratio of air and water does not exceed 2°C in favor of air.
The water temperature remains at 32°C.
The gas flow leaving the ventilation does not exceed a speed of 0.2 m/s, since higher values create a draft that is noticeable to the skin.
The normalized air exchange value is 80 m3/h per person in the room. But during design it is allowed to use not this figure, but the calculated value.

The standards allow for a difference in the amount of incoming and outgoing air equal to half the air exchange rate of the pool. Here, however, the gas flow rate is taken into account. When calculating the project, the number of decibels of noise in the room is also taken into account, its maximum threshold is 60 dB. Natural ventilation does not create the parameters described above in the pool, therefore the room must be equipped with a mechanized ventilation system.

Nuances of developing a ventilation project

When creating a design for a ventilating structure of any type, the functional characteristics of the structure itself are taken into account to ensure that it provides the specified conditions, and the negative factors affecting the structural elements of the structure. One of the very first harmful substances is condensation. Its accumulation on the surface of the ventilation shaft will cause corrosion and damage to the equipment. To avoid this, the shaft is insulated or electrically heated valves are used. The ventilation shaft is also supplemented with a tray for draining collected moisture.

Any type or size of pool ventilation system must be designed to operate at a lower capacity to save energy when the pool is not in use. Accordingly, it is necessary to equip it with a device of increased power so that the ventilation effectively copes with its functions when there are many people in the pool. These additions are not mandatory, but they help save energy during round-the-clock operation, without reducing the efficiency of the system. This addition is especially relevant for private homes, where equipment is used much less frequently than in public swimming pools.

The most important rule when calculating the project - taking into account the area of the room, calculating the values of the air exchange rate and air flow, the presence of a room heating function. Pool supply and exhaust ventilation is multifunctional and solves all problems. It has various structural elements - a filtration system, a heater and a fan. This ensures that it performs all of the specified functions. Pool ventilation is installed separately from the main house system. Reduce evaporation of water from the pool by curtaining it during idle periods.

How to develop a pool ventilation project

As mentioned above, when the ventilation of a swimming pool is designed, the calculation is carried out taking into account an air humidity of 65%, but this value in practice is often reduced by 15-20%. This is due to tactile sensation high humidity. If the ventilation system is equipped correctly and provides the required humidity level, condensation and discomfort are still noticeable. As a result, the functional characteristics of ventilation change, while the described phenomena disappear, but the humidity indicator does not correspond to the stated standards.

When calculating the project, air flow is taken into account. Special formulas and tables help determine the required air exchange at the existing temperature and the area of the pool's water space.

All indicators that are taken into account when calculating:

The overall size of the body of water.

The size of all bypass tracks.
The size of the entire room.
Average outdoor air temperature in winter and summer.
Water temperature.
The air temperature in the room itself.
Average number of pool visitors.
Taking into account the fact that warm air flows tend upward due to its smaller mass, it is necessary to take into account the temperature indicator of the air under the ceiling.

When independently calculating a ventilation project for a swimming pool, the following calculations are also carried out:

They take into account the heat input from bathing people, external solar exposure, bypass paths, lighting, and from the water itself.
The intake of moisture from bathing people, the water surface, and from bypass paths is taken into account.
Air exchange is calculated based on moisture and total heat, and standard air exchange is taken into account.

According to the standard of the Society of German Engineers, air exchange is calculated depending on the area of the water surface, its temperature, and total humidity

air and functional features of the pool. The formula used for calculations is:

W= exFxPb-PL, kg/h. Here:

F is the total size of the water surface of the pool, m2.
Pb is an indicator of water vapor pressure in saturated air, taking into account the temperature of the water in the pool, Bar.
PL is an indicator of water vapor pressure at a given temperature and humidity, Bar.

To enter the pressure indicator in kPa, take into account that 1 Bar = 98.1 kPa.

e in this formula is the evaporation coefficient, kg (m2*hour*Bar), determines the functional features of the pool. For different types of pools it is equal to:

Water surface covered with film - 0.5.
Fixed water surface - 5.
The structure is small in size with a small number of visitors - 15.
A public structure with an average swimmer activity score of 20.
Design for places of active entertainment and recreation - 28.
Structure equipped with water slides and wave formation - 35

The calculations are based on the release of moisture during use of the pool, this creates a safety margin for the entire system. To calculate air exchange in a pool, use the formula: mL=GWXB-XN, kg/h, this is the formula for calculating mass flow. Volume flow is determined by the formula: L=GWrxXB-XN, kg/h. Here:

L - volumetric flow rate of incoming air, m3/h.
mL - incoming air mass flow, kg/h.
GW is the volume of all evaporating moisture in the room, g/h.
XN - moisture content outside the room, g/kg.
XB - indoor moisture content, g/kg.
r is an indicator of air density at indoor temperature conditions, kg/m3.

Outdoor moisture content tends to change with the seasons. This change reaches 2-3 g/kg in winter, and 11-12 g/kg in summer. Practitioners focus on the indicator 9 g/kg, because the seasonal change in this indicator does not last long. As for the XB value, it is taken to be slightly larger than the calculated value, since in the summer season the amount of condensate that appears is insignificant.

During the installation of ventilation, all air ducts are carefully sealed and thermally insulated. The air flow is not directed to the surface of the water. A small ventilation system is installed between the main and suspended ceilings. If a ventilation system is installed in the room, then using an air conditioner in it is not recommended.

Many buildings that are currently being built, both industrial and residential, have very complex infrastructure and are designed with maximum emphasis on energy conservation. Therefore, it is impossible to do without installing such systems as general air ventilation systems, smoke protection systems and air conditioning systems. To ensure efficient and long service life of ventilation systems, it is necessary to properly design and install a general air ventilation system, a smoke protection system and an air conditioning system. Installation of such equipment of any type must be carried out in compliance with certain rules. And in terms of technical characteristics, it must correspond to the volume and type of premises in which it will be used (residential building, public, industrial).

The correct operation of ventilation systems is of great importance: compliance with the deadlines and rules for carrying out preventive inspections, scheduled maintenance, as well as the correct and high-quality adjustment of ventilation equipment.

For each ventilation system put into operation, a passport and operational log are drawn up. The passport is drawn up in two copies, one of which is stored at the enterprise, and the other in the technical supervision service. Everything is included in the passport specifications systems, information about the repair work carried out, copies of as-built drawings of ventilation equipment are attached to it. In addition, the passport reflects a list of operating conditions for all components and parts of ventilation systems.

Routine inspections of ventilation systems are carried out according to the established schedule. During routine inspections:

Defects are identified that are eliminated during routine repairs;
The technical condition of ventilation systems is determined;
Partial cleaning and lubrication of individual components and parts are carried out.

All data from a routine inspection of ventilation systems must be indicated in the operation log.

Also, during the work shift, the operating team on duty provides for scheduled overhaul maintenance of the ventilation systems. This service includes:

Start-up, regulation and shutdown of ventilation equipment;
Supervision of the operation of ventilation systems;
Monitoring the compliance of air parameters and supply air temperature;
Elimination of minor defects.

Commissioning of general air ventilation systems, smoke protection systems and air conditioning systems

The commissioning stage is a very important stage, because the quality of ventilation and air conditioning depends on the commissioning work.

During commissioning, the work of the installation team is visible, and the parameters specified in the project are checked and compared with the indicators specified in the project documentation. During the inspection, a complete check of the technical condition of the installed equipment, the distribution and uninterrupted operation of adjustment devices, the installation of control and diagnostic devices, and the identification of errors in the operation of the equipment are carried out. If deviations are detected that are within normal limits, then readjustment does not occur, and the object is prepared for delivery to the customer, with all documents completed.

All of our company’s foremen have specialized education, health and safety certificates, extensive work experience and have all Required documents and evidence.

At the commissioning stage, we measure air flow speed in air ducts, noise levels, test the quality of equipment installation, adjust engineering systems in accordance with project parameters, and certify.

Start-up testing and adjustment of ventilation and air conditioning systems must be carried out by a construction and installation or specialized commissioning organization.

Certification of ventilation systems

A technical document drawn up on the basis of checking the operating condition of ventilation systems and equipment, carried out using aerodynamic tests, is called ventilation system certification.

SP 73.13330.2012 “Internal sanitary systems of buildings”, updated version of SNIP 3.05.01-85 “Internal sanitary systems” regulate the form and content of the ventilation system passport.

Obtaining a ventilation system passport, in accordance with the requirements of the above document, is mandatory.

Upon completion of the installation of ventilation systems, the customer receives a ventilation system passport.

A passport must be obtained for each ventilation system.

The passport is indispensable for registering purchased equipment, for proper operation of such equipment, in order to achieve the necessary sanitary and hygienic air parameters.

Within the period established by law, this document is provided by the control and supervisory authority. Receipt of this document– this is indisputable evidence in resolving controversial issues with the relevant authorities.

Obtaining a ventilation system passport can be carried out as a separate type of work, consisting of a set of aerodynamic tests. The conduct of such events is regulated by the following regulations:

SP 73.13330.2012;
STO NOSTROY 2.24.2-2011;
R NOSTROY 2.15.3-2011;
GOST 12.3.018-79. “Ventilation systems. Methods of aerodynamic tests";
GOST R 53300-2009;
SP 4425-87."Sanitary and hygienic control of ventilation systems of industrial premises";
SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10.