History of acrobatics. History of the development of acrobatics in Russia World Championships in Sports Acrobatics

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We lead a healthy lifestyle with the help of sports acrobatics

Sports acrobatics is a beautiful spectacle with various acrobatic stunts performed. This sport is not extreme. Performing exercises involves balancing and rotating the torso with and without support.

When you watch competitions in sports acrobatics, you probably take your breath away with admiration. After all, there is a spectacular performance that will not leave anyone indifferent.

For children, this sport can be a wonderful way out of their condition. virtual reality. After all, a huge number of children spend most of their free time after school near TV and computer screens. This significantly reduces the quantity and quality physical activity, which are so necessary for a small growing organism.

Some terminology and interesting facts

The term "acrobatics" has its roots in ancient Greece. Initially, acrobats were called circus performers. They amused circus visitors with stunts, flips, complex jumps and numbers in which they demonstrated agility and agility.

Over time, a new direction emerged, which was marked by:

• balance training;
• independent versatile turns of the body;
• somersaults;
• coups;
• handstand;
• "wheel";
• "bridge".

Such activities have a name -. 2018 year, is already marked by its achievements and winning prizes at the Championship Russia By sports acrobatics. On website Federation Sports Acrobatics Russian Federation you can view information about past championships.

Athletes of our country have won awards in sports such as:

• Championship world championship among men and women brought our gymnasts 5 sets of medals in the all-around. Athletes of the Russian national team won 5 medals: 4 gold, 1 bronze.
• Championship and championship World Sports Acrobatics took place in Belgium, 01 – 16 April 2018. At four age categories 20 sets of awards were raffled off. Russian gymnasts won 10 gold, 5 silver and 2 bronze medals.
• On championship peace in sports acrobatics V 2018 year, among juniors and junior women, 5 sets of all-around medals were competed. The Russian national team won 2 gold and 1 silver medal.
• At the World Championships among boys and girls, athletes from the Russian national team from 5 sets won 3 gold, 3 silver and 1 bronze medals.

The benefits of sports acrobatics for children

Training for children begins at the age of four. There are special groups for children of this age. The child is at his most energetic at this age and preschool institutions do not satisfy all of his physical activity needs.

Formation muscle corset and posture, beautiful and correct posture, the ability to climb ropes and ladders, grouping while falling - a child can acquire all these skills during sports acrobatics.

If your baby is phlegmatic, shy, and feels discomfort in a group of peers, then classes will be able to liberate him and improve the functioning of the vestibular apparatus. After all, acrobatic exercises are mainly performed with several children at the same time. Correct and accurate performance of the trick depends on how well the children in the team can work synchronously with each other. As a result, acrobatic exercises will not only strengthen physical development, but will also help to correctly form a socially adapted child.

Parents should make an effort to motivate their child to play sports. Gymnastic training will qualitatively increase endurance, physical tone, and strengthen the child’s health. But how to interest a fidget?

You can visit the circus and your child will be delighted with the performance he sees. Then, in a playful way, offer to perform some of the tricks that he remembered. If a child is enthusiastically interested in gymnastics, all that’s left is to find a professional coach and a suitable training schedule.

Types of sports acrobatics for classes

Sports acrobatics competition are carried out in the following species groups:

• Jumping – consists of acrobatic jumps on a 30-meter track, performing “flick”, “rondada”, “flip”;

• Steam room - paired acrobatic elements are performed (a pair of two boys, a pair of two girls, a boy and a girl);
• Group - power acrobatics are performed (three girls or four boys);
• Combined - a competition of different species groups connected together.

How to learn acrobatic tricks

To learn the elements of acrobatics and the opportunity to participate in competitions, training must begin in early age. The baby’s body at these years is especially flexible, plastic and stretchable. And psychological fears and barriers are at a minimum.

How to learn acrobatic tricks

But there have been facts in history when athletes achieved high results, starting to engage in acrobatics not at all in childhood. The only obstacles to achieving your goal may be fears and prejudices. But if you are determined to achieve your goals, then nothing will stand in your way.

People who are far from sports think that acrobatic tricks cannot be learned without injury and pain. But that's not true. It all depends on the attentiveness of the athlete; if you listen to the mentor and start training after a proper warm-up, then you will not be afraid of any injuries.

In Rus', acrobatics developed independently. It enjoyed great success among the broad masses of the population and was an obligatory part of entertainment spectacles. Old Russian buffoons were dancers, magicians, jugglers and acrobats. At first they performed one at a time, and then united in twos, threes and groups. In the first half of the 17th century. Russia already had its own master acrobats of various specialties who taught acrobatic exercises.

In 1900, amateur acrobatic circles appeared in St. Petersburg, and in 1901 the first performance of amateur acrobats took place. Until the imperialist war of 1914, such performances by amateur acrobats accompanied most major sports evenings. The All-Union Physical Education Parades, which took place regularly since 1936, played a major role in the popularization of this sport. But only in 1938 A.K. Bondarev, the head of the All-Union section, developed the first classification program and rules for acrobatics competitions. In 1939, the first All-Union acrobatics competitions were held in Moscow, which became the first in the world.

Since 1940, women have been participating in acrobatics competitions. Since 1951, youth competitions have been held. Since 1967, the USSR Sports Acrobatics Federation has been organizing international matches on television, since 1972 - international competitions for the prize in memory of the USSR pilot-cosmonaut, honorary president of the federation V.N. Volkova.

In 1974, the 1st individual world championship was held in Moscow (athletes from Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Poland, the USSR, the USA, Germany and Switzerland participated). 13 Soviet athletes became champions. In 1975, the first World Cup competitions in sports acrobatics were held in Switzerland.

Socialist countries had a great influence on the development of world acrobatics; Since 1957, traditional acrobatics competitions have been held among countries. The International Federation of Sports Acrobatics (IFSA) was created in 1973. Since 1974, World Acrobatics Championships have been held every 2 years, and in the intervening years the World Cup has been held.

Acrobatic exercises are widely present in various types sports First of all, in gymnastics, diving, figure skating, wrestling and many others.

Until 1939, acrobatics in our country was only amateur. But even then, the first organizational steps towards the development of this sport in the Russian Federation were outlined.

In 1934, the Department of Acrobatics and Rhythmic Gymnastics was created at the Moscow Institute of Physical Culture.

The All-Union Physical Education Parades, held regularly since 1936, played a major role in the popularization of acrobatics as a sport.

In 1938, the All-Union Section under the leadership of A.K. Bondarev, the first ever classification program and rules for acrobatics competitions were developed.

In 1939, acrobatic exercises were included in the GTO complex, and, at the end of the year, the first All-Union acrobatics competitions were held in Moscow, which were the first in the world. 90 athletes took part in them.

During the Great Patriotic War, no acrobatics competitions were held.

Beginning in 1945, work was carried out on a new classification program and rules for acrobatics competitions. In 1947, exercises for the category of masters of sports were included in the competition program for the first time.

In 1948, the All-Union Conference on Gymnastics was held, at which it was determined that acrobatics is one of the types of gymnastics with a sports orientation. After this, acrobatics gained universal recognition and became widespread among boys and girls, as well as among adults. Competitions for the championship of republics, sports societies and departments began to be held.

The process of development of acrobatics in Russia can be divided into two stages. The first from 1949 to 1973, the second from 1974 to the present.

The development of sports acrobatics in Russia at the first stage was carried out on the basis of documents developed by the All-Union Federation of Acrobatics before the Great Patriotic War. At the second stage, classification programs and competition rules are regularly updated, which contributes to the growth of athletes’ performance skills and the increase in the complexity of the exercises they perform.

In 1949, T.G. Vavich creates the All-Russian Federation of Acrobatics, organizes and holds the first ever championship of the Russian Federation in sports acrobatics from November 26 to 29 in the city of Tula. 78 acrobats from 9 territories and regions took part in it.

The most rapid development of acrobatics in the regions of the Russian Federation began in 1950, when the All-Union Committee for physical culture and sports issued an order to hold competitions in sports, rhythmic gymnastics and acrobatics in the combined competition. Since 1950, acrobatics competitions have been regularly held for the championship of the cities of Moscow and Leningrad, the Russian Federation, sports societies and departments, both among boys and girls, and among adults. 34 organizations have already taken part in the 1952 Russian Championship. In the fifties, acrobatics became firmly established as a sport.

Having adopted several significant changes in the rules of acrobatics competitions, the All-Union Federation, headed by USSR pilot-cosmonaut V.N. Volkov, in 1970 in Kaluga held the USSR Championship, at which for the first time pair-group types of acrobatics in free program used musical compositions. The competition was held as an exciting musical performance.

After the death of V.N. Volkov in 1972, the first international tournament was held dedicated to his memory. And in 1973, during the second international tournament, dedicated to the memory of USSR pilot-cosmonaut V.N. Volkov in Moscow, at the House of Friendship with the Peoples of Foreign Countries, the founding congress of the International Federation of Sports Acrobatics (IFAS) opened. Representatives of 10 countries took part in the congress meeting: Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, East Germany, Cuba, Poland, USSR, USA, Germany and Yugoslavia. On November 23, 1973, the governing bodies of IFAS were elected and the IFAS Charter was adopted.

In recognition of merit Soviet Union in the development of sports acrobatics, it was decided to hold the first world championship in 1974 in Moscow.

The second stage in the development of acrobatics, which began in 1974 with the World Championships, was marked by a sharp revival of the work of federations in all regions of Russia. The number of people involved in acrobatics has increased, the difficulty of the exercises performed has increased, and the sportsmanship and methods of training acrobats.

The eighties were significant in acrobatics in that it was first included in the program of the Spartakiad of the Peoples of Russia - 1983, the All-Russian and All-Union Youth sports games- 1985, Spartakiads of the peoples of the Soviet Union - 1986. All these measures raised the importance and role of acrobatics in physical education movement Russian Federation and contributed to the further development of mass acrobatics in the regions of the country.

In 1986 the International Olympic Committee recognized sports acrobatics Olympic form sports

In May 1992, a reporting and election conference was held in Voronezh, at which a new Charter was approved and the FSAR Executive Committee was elected, headed by Yu.A. ZMS USSR. Zolotov.

At the 10th anniversary World and European Championships in 1992, the national team of the Russian Federation competed for the first time, joining the IFAS together with other republics of the former Soviet Union. In the 90s Russian Federation acrobatics, 525 masters of sports of Russia, 67 masters of sports of international class were trained, 19 athletes were awarded the highest sports title- “Honored Master of Sports of Russia.” Twenty sports mentors were awarded the honorary title “Honored Coach of the Russian Federation.”

Over 20 years, IFAS has held 12 world championships, 10 world cups, 3 world championships among boys and girls and 15 European championships in sports acrobatics.

Over the last 10 years, the Federation of Sports Acrobatics of Russia (FSAR) has not lost its leading position. Although there have been huge changes, both in the structure of the international federation and in the rules of acrobatics competitions.

Being part of the International Gymnastics Federation, acrobatics is like the “little sister” in the Olympic family gymnastic types. Although in terms of entertainment, mass participation and skill, competitions in sports acrobatics are no less interesting than competitions in other types of gymnastics.

Since 2006, the Federation of Sports Acrobatics of Russia has been headed by D.Yu. Pogorelov. Thanks to his help, the Russian national sports acrobatics team has the opportunity to qualitatively prepare for the main official international and All-Russian competitions. Hold Russian championships, conferences and symposiums at well-equipped modern facilities.

On recent championships world in Scotland in 2008 and in Poland in 2010 and in the USA in 2012, the Russian team under the leadership of ZT USSR V.R. Gurgenidze confirmed her leadership in the world acrobatic family by winning gold in the team competition.

Word "acrobat" came from Greek "acrobates", which means “I walk on tiptoes, I climb up”. Acrobatics as a form physical exercise, arose in ancient times. Images on surviving monuments, vessels, frescoes and other items indicate that this sport was known in Ancient Egypt 2300 BC.

We did acrobatic exercises and Ancient Greece. In Crete, along with theatrical processions associated with harvesting and various ceremonies, games with bulls were held, integral part which included acrobatic exercises.

Acrobatic exercises with bulls in the 19th century. were also found among the African Fulbe tribe in northern Nigeria ( West Africa), among the Moravan tribe in southern India. Russian professor Efimenko saw such games with bulls even in 1913 among the Basques in the Pyrenees Mountains.

Similar games with bulls, apparently, existed in ancient times among the peoples of our country: the name “bull roll” is still preserved in Tajik wrestling.
IN Ancient Rome acrobatic exercises were demonstrated by traveling artists - “circulators”, who, along with these exercises, also showed other types of art: tightrope walking, training, etc.

In 420 BC. e. Dancing on a rotating potter's wheel, combined with acrobatic exercises, was common. Some wealthy Romans kept "acrobats and magicians of all kinds" with them. There is information about acrobats performing various exercises on a pole that was held on their forehead. Mention is made of acrobats who performed difficult exercises for flexibility.

During the Renaissance in Italy, the Republic of Venice organized “living architecture competitions,” that is, the construction of acrobatic pyramids. The Senate awarded a prize to the group that built the tallest pyramid. There are known cases of pyramids being built about 9 meters high.

For the first time, Tyukkaro tried to describe the technique of acrobatic exercises in a special manual for professional acrobats. At the end of the 19th century. Streley wrote the book “Acrobatics and Acrobats,” in which he characterized various genres of professional artists and described the technique of a number of acrobatic exercises.

In Rus', acrobatics developed independently. It enjoyed great success among the broad masses of the population and was an obligatory part of entertainment spectacles. Old Russian buffoons were dancers, magicians, jugglers and acrobats. At first they performed one at a time, and then united in twos, threes and groups.

In the first half of the 17th century. Russia already had its own master acrobats of various specialties who taught acrobatic exercises.

At the end of the 18th century. acrobatic exercises appear in European stationary metropolitan circuses, which quickly become an integral part of professional circus performances. And in the 19th century. acrobatic exercises begin to be included in the bourgeois national gymnastics systems. Thus, two lines have emerged in the further development of acrobatics: professional circus and amateur sports.

The professional direction developed along the path of increasingly narrow specialization. This happened because the artists could perform with one act for a long time, traveling to different cities and countries. Instead of the universal, versatile artists of the past, virtuosos in one genre and even one trick are appearing.

There are relatively independent types of circus acrobatics: horse acrobatics, power acrobatics, vaulting (shoulder) acrobatics, “Carian games” and jumping acrobatics (with and without apparatus). These main species are cultivated in the circus to this day.
The second direction in the development of acrobatics - sports - is associated with the inclusion of acrobatic elements in gymnastics and with the emergence of circles of acrobatics lovers (especially in Russia). Acrobatic exercises are transferred from the floor to the apparatus.

In 1900, amateur acrobatic circles appeared in St. Petersburg, and in 1901 the first performance of amateur acrobats took place. Until the imperialist war of 1914, such performances by amateur acrobats accompanied most major sports evenings.

The All-Union Physical Education Parades, which took place regularly since 1936, played a major role in the popularization of this sport. But only in 1938 A.K. Bondarev, the head of the All-Union section, developed the first classification program and rules for acrobatics competitions. In 1939, the first All-Union acrobatics competitions were held in Moscow, which became the first in the world.

Since 1940, women have been participating in acrobatics competitions. Since 1951, youth competitions have been held. Since 1967, the USSR Sports Acrobatics Federation has been organizing international matches on television, and since 1972 - international competitions for the prize in memory of the USSR pilot-cosmonaut, honorary president of the federation V. N. Volkov.

In 1974, the 1st individual world championship was held in Moscow (athletes from Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary, Poland, the USSR, the USA, Germany and Switzerland participated). 13 Soviet athletes became champions. In 1975, the first World Cup competitions in sports acrobatics were held in Switzerland.