Children's sports grounds - outdoor equipment. Specialized parks Sports area in the park

A cultural and recreation park is the most common and widespread type of multifunctional park. It plays a big role in the physical education system.

The first to be opened in Moscow in 1928 was the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after. M. Gorky. His activities were determined by the combination of cultural and educational work with the improvement of the health of millions of workers. The competition for its design became a serious theoretical contribution to the young Soviet science of park construction.

Main feature a new type of park became more popular. This determined the directions for the design and construction of cultural and recreation parks.

In Moscow, cultural and recreation parks were created in Sokolniki, Izmailovo, Ostankino. Parks are also springing up in other cities. Since 1931, the network of parks began to expand rapidly. There are now more than 2,000 cultural parks in the country.

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tours and holidays. They become the main link in the system of places of public recreation for citizens.

According to our urban planning standards, parks are divided into city parks with a minimum area of 15 hectares and regional parks (planning areas) - 10 hectares, the availability time, respectively, is no more than 20 and 15 minutes.

IN last years here and abroad there is a tendency to enlarge the area of city parks, since only large park areas create adequate conditions for recreation and contribute to the improvement of the urban environment (according to research by the Central Research Institute of Urban Planning - at least 50 hectares). The park area must be sufficient to accommodate recreational facilities for residents within the service area of the park.

The placement of parks in the city and the organization of physical education zones in them depend on natural conditions. The natural conditions of the territory determine the architectural and planning structure, the quality of the sanitary, hygienic and aesthetic environment, as well as the individuality and expressiveness of the architectural and landscape appearance of the entire park and its physical culture zone.

Nowadays there are almost no territories suitable for creating parks, especially in large cities. In this regard, “inconvenient” lands are widely used - with high humidity, complex terrain, as well as lands with landscapes disturbed by human activity. They are used primarily for park construction, since the low proportion of development in parks makes it possible to place lower demands on the quality of the territories. And the world practice of constructing parks, including multifunctional ones, has already accumulated experience in using such areas.

Culture and recreation parks consist of several zones: physical education (15-20% of the park area), cultural and entertainment (10), children's (5), quiet recreation (60), economic (no more than 4-5). As you can see, the standards define the significant size of the physical training zone in the park, the largest after the quiet recreation and walking zone. In zones active rest she takes the lead. Unfortunately, in most of our parks the area of physical education zones is below the standard and determined by the projects (Fig. 10.5.1). To attract the population to mass physical culture and health activities, it is effective to expand the composition of facilities by building modern comfortable physical education facilities, and primarily indoors (halls, swimming pools). Indoor facilities can be used year-round. They are cost-effective, since recreational group classes in parks are mostly paid for. The efficient operation of open structures is ensured by the use of sustainable, non-moisture-intensive, dust-free and hygienic surface coverings that require minimal maintenance.

The composition of structures should be varied, the requirements of various age groups. When designing and constructing, it is important to remember that physiologists recommend outdoor health activities. Among the structures, open ones should prevail. Indoor ones should fit organically into the park landscape. Lightweight structures are advisable, preferably transformable, in order to use the structures as indoor or outdoor, depending on the weather and time of year.

The popularity and fashion for types of physical education and active recreation is a relatively short-term factor, in contrast to the physiological one, but must be taken into account at the stage of pre-project research. The most popular recreational and health activities are bathing, swimming, skating and skiing, sledding and skiing down the mountains. The most common sports games in the country are volleyball, table and tennis, badminton, football, in winter - hockey and winter football. In foreign parks, in addition to those mentioned, entertaining sports and outdoor games and activities are popular, and facilities for them are widespread (courts for tennis, croquet, skittles, mini-golf, skateboarding grounds and tracks, etc.). These games are accessible and useful to everyone and provide fun for participants of all levels physical fitness. The structures for them are simple, usually occupy small areas, and require simple equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to include them in park structures. Despite the meager composition of physical education facilities in most of our parks, the popularity of activities various types physical exercise high and has a steady tendency to increase. Physical education areas of parks are visited by 20% in summer, and 70-80% of park visitors in winter.

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Based on the physiological significance of certain types of physical education and sports, analysis of attendance at park physical education and sports facilities, as well as methods of physical education health activities, JSC "TSNIIEP named after B.S. Mezentsev" proposed approximate composition and the number of physical education and sports facilities for various types parks in cities of different sizes (Table 10.5.1, Fig. 10.5.1).

In addition to the structures given in table. 10.5.1, on the territory of the park it is advisable to arrange marked, illuminated pedestrian routes (terrenkur), near reservoirs - bases for recreational swimming, swimming, boating, water skiing, surfing, as well as developed beaches, fishing spots or ponds.

Each park is unique; During reconstruction and construction, it is necessary to pay serious attention to local conditions (natural, traditions, national species sports and recreation, etc.), in connection with which the composition of the structures of the physical education zone can be adjusted. In addition to the main composition, areas or tracks for roller skating and boards (skateboards), areas for entertaining sports and outdoor games - croquet, lapta, skittles, and sports attractions can be built. Large city parks may have horse rental centers with tracks and riding areas, as well as indoor skating rink With artificial ice for public skating, pool with artificial wave, bowling alley. All main structures must be accompanied by auxiliary ones - wardrobes, changing rooms, showers. A sauna or Russian steam room, medical consultation and rental centers are recommended.

During reconstruction, the recommended composition of physical education and sports facilities should be adjusted. For reconstructed parks with insufficient area compared to the standard (usually these are parks located in the central areas of the city), in the case

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when there is no sports complex nearby that could take on physical education and health functions, the following ways of organizing the zone are recommended: the composition of physical education and sports facilities should be developed through construction covered structures(halls, swimming pools, artificial ice skating rinks), occupying small areas compared to open structures. In addition, conducting classes in indoor facilities with an artificial microclimate may be more expedient than outdoors in parks in the city center, where the hygienic parameters of the environment are worse than in the periphery. In this case, open structures can be reduced to 1 - 2 sites for universal use, i.e. have sizes and coatings that meet the requirements of different sports games or sports (the most popular or cultivated in a given place, park).

Another way to organize a zone of physical culture and sports facilities during the reconstruction of parks with insufficient area is to increase the territory of the zone to the normative one at the expense of other zones, giving the park a predominantly physical culture and health function. The functions of other zones of the park (such as cultural and educational, entertainment, entertainment) can be performed by the corresponding institutions of the city center, where they are most developed.

When locating a city sports center or planning area next to a park being designed or reconstructed, it is advisable to cooperate with the halls and swimming pools of the park’s physical education zone with the halls and swimming pools of the center, and to combine the planar structures of the park and the complex, placing them on a single site. This will make it possible to create large structures and not duplicate technical and utility premises.

When designing a zone, one should also take into account its future development, reserving an area for this.

It is advisable to place the physical training zone within a 5-minute walking distance from the entrances to the park. At the same time, structures associated with mass visits are located near the main entrance. This allows for

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bake them with well-maintained communications, which makes structures used on a daily basis accessible at any time of the year, especially in the off-season.

There are two main planning options for locating a zone within the park: compact and dispersed (Fig. 10.5.2). Compact is more convenient to use and more economical (shorter length of roads and utilities). But the physical training zones are visited mainly by residents of the areas adjacent to the park. Therefore, in a large park, it is more convenient for visitors to place zone structures dispersed around the perimeter of the park (i.e., near not only the main entrance, but also secondary ones).

Approximate balance of the territory of the physical culture zone with recommendations

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modified composition: volumetric structures - 3 - 5; flat structures - 27 - 30; paths, alleys - 10 - 15% of the area of the zone. The remaining area (50 - 60%) is recommended for green spaces.

The physical culture zone of the park can be divided into three subzones according to the types of facilities: structures with places for spectators (in city parks), a subzone of indoor facilities and a subzone of open facilities (Fig. 10.5.3).

SPORTS PARKS

There is a tendency towards specialization of parks in large cities. All over the world, centers and historical residential areas, which usually have several small parks, are being actively reconstructed. The areas of these parks are not sufficient for the full development of all zones of multifunctional parks, in domestic terminology - cultural and recreation parks. Then one or two functions receive preferential development. Another important factor in the specialization of parks is the increasing demands of visitors for comfort, which is satisfied by specialized services.

The most common type of specialized park, especially abroad, is sports. In large cities, there is a special need for physical education and sports: people suffer from physical inactivity and experience high stress on their bodies. nervous system. Both require active recreation with certain physical activity, which is exactly what sports parks provide, unlike sports centers, intended mainly for training athletes and holding competitions.

Sports parks are divided into multifunctional, or universal, - for many sports, and specialized - for one or a group of related sports (for example, aquatic, equestrian, cycling, etc.).

Universal parks, called sports and recreation centers, are large urban or suburban (following the example of the famous German Riviera parks) complexes, which, in terms of the composition of their structures, have

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The number of spectator seats is close to sports centers (Fig. 10.5.4 -10.5.6). They differ from sports centers larger area greenery and the main focus on mass physical education and recreational activities and active recreation.

Unique Olympic parks are large sports complexes for the Olympic Games. Such are the Olympic parks in Melbourne, Meiji and Kamazawa parks in Tokyo, parks in Mexico City, Munich and Montreal. After the Olympic Games, the problem of their use arises. A good example is a park in Munich. Even during its design, the principle of “short distances and green landscapes” was proposed. On the reclaimed territory of 140 hectares, artificial terrain was created to create intersections of pedestrian and transport routes at different levels. After the Olympic Games, this vast green area became an active recreation area for the population of Munich both in summer and winter. In winter, artificial artificial hills turn into mountains for mass sledding and skiing.

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Dimensions sports parks can range from tens to hundreds of hectares. When placing them in the city, just as when placing sports complexes, conditions must be created for the evacuation of a large number of people and parking lots must be provided.

Specialized sports parks for a particular sport or a group of related species are intended for related active recreation, as well as for activities for more high level than in other types of parks. The most common specialized parks are for aquatic species sports (Fig. 10.5.7). There are numerous centers abroad

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for swimming and bathing. Hydroparks are becoming increasingly common everywhere, including here. They require water areas, so their placement in the city is subject to precisely this condition.

The size of specialized sports parks can be very different: from hundreds of hectares (for example, the hydropark in Krylatskoye has a total area of about 700 hectares, Kharkov hydroparks from 60 to 150 hectares, etc.) to compact areas of several hectares, which are often used abroad Place swimming and bathing centers.

There may be specialized parks for other sports. The need for them is determined by the popularity of a particular sport in a given place, favorable natural conditions, etc. In different countries, especially in the UK, USA and Canada, golf courses or parks are common, which occupy large areas - from 50 to 100 hectares. There are well-known centers for roller skating and cycling parks, where the complex terrain of the areas is functionally used. Skateparks are popular for skateboarding.

Sports parks are not such mass facilities as multifunctional cultural and recreation parks; they are rather unique, especially large universal ones and, of course, specialized ones. Therefore, there cannot be recommendations on the composition of structures, and especially with quantitative indicators. They are designed according to special specifications, depending on local and natural conditions.

Among the structures of sports parks there are a wide variety - from large unique ( indoor stadiums, swimming pools with artificial waves, waterfalls) to simple grounds, lawns for sports and recreational games. This is determined by the purpose of the park, the number of residents for which it is designed, its area and location in the city. The most common in all types of sports parks are swimming pools (Table 10.5.2, Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.7), the so-called leisure type (with irregularly shaped baths, with artificial waves, water slides).

Gyms are very common - universal, specialized, and multi-purpose, i.e. not only for sporting events, but also for shows, dances, etc.

Much less common than halls are skating rinks with artificial ice (Table 10.5.2, Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.6). Sometimes complex artificial skating rinks are built - indoor and outdoor. Example - sports park"Ottobrunn" in Germany (Fig. 10.5.4).

The palette of planar structures is even richer - from sports cores to lawns, which have become an indispensable element of the park, where they play outdoor games, sunbathe, and have picnics.

Unlike sports centers in sports parks, especially abroad, among flat structures there are sites for entertaining sports games (mini-golf, botchi, croquet, skittles, etc.), sites and tracks for roller skating and boarding; mountains for sledding, boarding, plates and skiing (Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.5). Golf courses are also found in foreign universal sports parks, but more often these are separate specialized park courses. And we have new sports for our country - baseball, softball, squash, golf. In 1988, the first specialized golf sports park in Russia was built in Moscow (Fig. 10.5.8), and several more are expected to be built.

Green spaces must make up at least 70% of the sports park area. The area occupied by structures, paths and alleys is much larger than that in other types of parks, since the sports facilities themselves require large areas, and paths and alleys must provide the possibility of evacuation large number people in pairs

kakh, where the attendance is massive and where there are structures with places for spectators.

In large sports parks with facilities for competitions, physical education and recreational activities and active recreation, it is advisable to designate zones: entertainment and demonstration, training, active recreation, administrative and economic.

10.6. GREENING TERRITORIES OF SPORTS FACILITIES

10.6.1. GREENING AND MICROCLIMATE OF SPORTS FACILITIES TERRITORIES

Green areas play a significant role in shaping the city's climate. Plantings not only reduce the air temperature under tree canopies and radiation temperatures compared to irradiated areas, but also improve the thermal regime in the surrounding area. The proximity of water spaces softens the microclimate.

Green sports facilities also affect the comfort of the microclimate and can change the temperature, humidity and wind conditions of the sports area. The comfort of the microclimate on sports flat structures is determined by a complex of natural (climate), urban planning (location in the city plan) and space-planning (the nature of the layout, development and landscaping of the sports area) factors.

The space-planning structure of the sports area and the characteristics of each of its objects affect the microclimatic comfort of the environment for sports, depending on the characteristics of the location of the sites; the degree of concentration of sites and their blocking; orientation according to the countries of the world; proximity to the water surface; type of covering of sites and their technological equipment; nature of landscaping.

The terrain, volumetric and planar structures, roads and green spaces, and their relative position can protect athletes from the blinding sun, strong winds, dust, gas, and soot.

The comfort of microclimatic conditions in open physical education and sports facilities depends on a number of factors, which include mainly convection and radiation temperatures, air humidity, wind speed, insolation and lighting, and the chemical and bactericidal composition of the air. These factors can be significantly influenced by

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can provide landscaping of the territory on which the structures are located. The main components of landscaping in this case are both the technique and design of landscaping, and the properties of trees and shrubs that affect the comfort of the microclimate. These properties include: plant habit (external shape), crown density, growth rate, leafing period.

The greatest microclimatic effect is provided by tree tracts with density of 1.0 - 0.8; clumps of trees with a thickness of 0.7 - 0.8, multi-row strips of plantings. These types of plantings can reduce air temperature by 3 - 5°, reduce wind speed by 45 - 75%.

Groups, rows of trees, and individual trees reduce the voltage of direct solar radiation by 95%. Their windproof properties, which improve the aeration of the territory, are especially important. Thus, windproof or openwork strips are useful near playgrounds. If it is necessary to reduce the wind speed over a greater distance, it is more advisable to use a strip of ventilated structure.

The temperature and humidity of the air are formed within the entire sports area, and the speed of air movement is differentiated and largely depends on the landscaping of the sports facilities themselves, the placement of plantings, the type of planting, and the range of trees and shrubs. The microclimate on the sports ground can be better or worse than the general microclimatic background of the sports area, depending on how rationally the landscaping is designed and implemented.

Green spaces contribute to the creation of biological and psychological comfort. They improve the health of the air by releasing phytoncides from their leaves and flowers, increase the ionization of the air, and increase the ozone content in it - especially conifers.

When designing the design of curtains, strips and other elements of green spaces, the phases of their vegetative development and, consequently, the manifestations of phytoncidal activity should be taken into account. The choice of wood strips should ensure continuous release of phytoncides throughout the sports season.

At urban sports facilities, the content of carbon monoxide emitted by motor vehicles decreases sharply after the appearance of foliage on protective strips - on average by 2 - 3 times compared to the leafless period. Depending on the planting density, from 21 to 86% of dust is retained. The rough, lint-covered foliage of elm and lilac is especially effective at trapping dust. Elm foliage retains about 5 times more dust than poplar foliage; lilac leaves 3 times.

Green spaces are also a kind of filter, retaining and absorbing part of the sound energy, especially Norway maple, balsam poplar, and small-leaved linden.

When choosing plants for landscaping sports flat structures, it is important to consider their resistance to mechanical damage.

To create fences, choose plants that are resistant to impacts from balls and other sports equipment. The ability of plants to repair damage and insensitivity to damage is also important. Siberian and European larch, warty birch, small-leaved and smooth elm, red oak, white and brittle willow, white and Canadian poplar, Norway maple, small-leaved linden, and rowan have approximately equal rates of restoration of damaged shoots.

Modern standards for the design of sports facilities do not recommend the use of trees and shrubs with thorns, lionfish and others, which, by clogging the grounds, create a traumatic situation. Plants that produce a lot of dust during flowering and fruiting are also not recommended - they irritate the human respiratory tract.

Green spaces are decorative, their silhouette and shape, color, and in addition, their aroma affect a person’s emotional state. A professional combination of plants with different shapes and thoughtful colors in groups, arrays and tapeworms has a beneficial effect on the psyche of those involved in sports.

Creating a favorable microclimatic regime on sports grounds, biological and psychological comfort for athletes increases their performance, extends the season of comfortable conditions for playing sports.

Lawns also affect the sanitary and hygienic condition and aesthetics of sports complexes. The green surface of the lawn promotes the evaporation of a significant amount of moisture from the soil (up to 200 g of water per hour).

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one square meter), which increases the humidity of the ground layer of air. Lawn grass lowers the air temperature in hot weather by 6 tons, 7°. Their powerfully developed root system promotes rapid mineralization of organic matter and helps cleanse the lawn from putrefactive and harmful microorganisms that fall on the lawn with dust.

The species composition of trees and shrubs, placement method and type of planting largely determine the comfort of the environment for sports (Fig. 10.6.1).

The selection of an assortment of trees and shrubs for landscaping sports areas should be based on the general and specific properties of plants; species whose properties meet the entire range of requirements most effectively influence the microclimate and contribute to the hygienic, physiological and psychological comfort of the environment (Table 10.6.1) .

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The most common type of specialized park, especially abroad, is sports. In large cities, there is a special need for physical education and sports: people suffer from physical inactivity and experience high stress on the nervous system. Both require active recreation with certain physical activities, which is exactly what sports parks provide, in contrast to sports centers, intended mainly for training athletes and holding competitions.

Sports parks are divided into multifunctional, or universal, - for many sports, and specialized - for one or a group of related sports (for example, aquatic, equestrian, cycling, etc.).

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The number of spectator seats is close to sports centers (Fig. 10.5.4 -10.5.6). They differ from sports centers in the larger area of greenery and the main focus on mass physical education and recreational activities and active recreation.

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The size of sports parks can range from tens to hundreds of hectares. When placing them in the city, just as when placing sports complexes, conditions must be created for the evacuation of a large number of people and parking lots must be provided.

Specialized sports parks for a particular sport or group of related sports are intended to provide associated active recreation, as well as activities at a higher level than in other types of parks. The most common specialized parks are for water sports (Fig. 10.5.7). There are numerous centers abroad

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for swimming and bathing. Hydroparks are becoming increasingly common everywhere, including here. They require water areas, so their placement in the city is subject to precisely this condition.

Among the structures of sports parks there are a wide variety - from large unique ones (indoor stadiums, swimming pools with an artificial wave, a waterfall) to simple grounds, lawns for sports and entertainment games. This is determined by the purpose of the park, the number of residents for which it is designed, its area and location in the city. The most common in all types of sports parks are swimming pools (Table 10.5.2, Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.7), the so-called leisure type (with irregularly shaped baths, with artificial waves, water slides).

Gyms are very common - universal, specialized, and multi-purpose, i.e. not only for sporting events, but also for shows, dances, etc.

Much less common than halls are skating rinks with artificial ice (Table 10.5.2, Fig. 10.5.4 - 10.5.6). Sometimes complex artificial skating rinks are built - indoor and outdoor. An example is the Ottobrunn sports park in Germany (Fig. 10.5.4).

The palette of planar structures is even richer - from sports cores to lawns, which have become an indispensable element of the park, where they play outdoor games, sunbathe, and have picnics.

kakh, where the attendance is massive and where there are structures with places for spectators.

The sports parka is the jacket of choice for lovers active image life, those who value convenience in clothing above all. It is usually straight, there is no unnecessary decor. The distinctive features of this jacket are deep pockets, often located at chest level or on the sleeves, a large hood, a stand-up collar, and a lock covered with a flap with buttons or snaps.

Until recently, sports parkas were the favorite clothing of only young mothers, who valued them for their practicality.

Now these jackets are worn by people of various ages and status, and this is not surprising. Sports parks allow you to feel free and relaxed and do not restrict your movements. In addition, they are light, because they are not weighed down by unnecessary decor. Many jackets have elements for which young people especially appreciate them. For example, these are special pockets where you can put headphones, and several layers of fabric on the elbows.

And of course, one of the most important advantages of a sports parka is the material from which it is made. These jackets are made from the most modern fabrics that are highly breathable and absorb excess moisture.

The parka perfectly protects from bad weather conditions, and during active movements the body does not sweat. Parkas are usually insulated with Thinsulate material - lightweight, breathable, and with excellent insulating properties. The colors of the jackets can be completely different, to suit every taste.

Pay attention to the fabric from which the jacket is made. It’s good if you combine nylon and cotton on the outside and wool on the inside. For winter, it is better to choose a jacket with natural insulation.
Buy a jacket that is the right size so you feel comfortable in it.
When choosing a women's sports parka, consider the characteristics of your figure.

Fashionable sports parks

Today, jackets up to the knee or slightly higher are popular. The military style is very popular. These jackets are made from rough materials, which makes them even more practical.

Military-style parkas have neutral colors (green, brown, gray) and are suitable for every day - they are not afraid of dirt and dampness. Plain bright parkas in black, blue, red, orange and other colors are also popular.

Lecture 17. Sports parks

Parameter name	Meaning
Article topic:	Lecture 17. Sports parks
Rubric (thematic category)	Sport

Sports parks are:

- specialized, used for practicing one sport, for example swimming for a certain age group, or different by functional purpose training, demonstration, physical therapy;

- complex, multifunctional, designed for training and competition of athletes in a wide variety of sports, used for active recreation, recreational activities and sports entertainment, visitors.

Back in the 19th century, the first public gardens began to introduce grounds for gymnastics, tennis, croquet, and horse riding roads.

In Moscow, the first stadiums were created on the territory of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (1923). The Khimik and Iskra stadiums were built in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). In 1930-1935 there were about 650 stadiums in the country.

In the 1950s, stadiums with new architecture were built in Riga, Minsk, Moscow, and Khabarovsk. Later, in the 1960-1970s, the construction of large sports complexes with stadiums, bicycle tracks, rowing canals, beaches for sports, exhibitions and competitions began, with the active inclusion of the natural landscape.

Territory zoning sports park defined:

A clear schedule; separation of athletes and spectators relaxing in the park;

Loading and evacuation of demonstration, educational and training facilities and structures for active recreation;

Allocation of recreational areas to restore the physical and mental strength of athletes and park visitors.

Parks are used by masses of people different groups age:

Adults and children are engaged in sports sections, train, participate in competitions of city, union, and international significance;

Sports fans watch them as spectators;

Elderly and retired people participate in health groups.

Sports parks may include

V recreation areas,

lecture halls, stages, attractions, exhibitions, venues board games, children's playgrounds, reading rooms, as well as catering facilities - cafes, buffets, kiosks.

When designing sports parks, it is recommended to subdivide the following zones:

sports, entertainment, quiet rest, service.

Sports area may have a certain functional focus, for example, horse riding, or be divided into subzones (sectors): water sports; children's sports room, with a club for young sailors.

The development of sports parks in a number of countries was greatly influenced by Olympic Games. To carry them out, they were built sport complexes with stadiums, swimming pools, sports facilities, parks.

Olympic Sports Park - green area for international, sports competitions(competitions) with a regulated range of specialized sports facilities and devices that meet high class international requirements.

Olympic parks are created at the Olympic complexes. When organizing Olympic complexes, complex urban planning problems are solved: the construction of modern sports facilities in architecture and design, the Olympic village, hotels, buildings for cultural services for athletes and tourists, the relationship of the complex with transport system and the prospects for the development of the city.

By your organization Olympic complexes there are:

United with an independent designated territory, for example, the sports complexes of Mexico City or Munich,

- “consisting of several territories - “Rome” or “Moscow” - in different areas of the city or even in different regions.

When constructing Olympic complexes, old structures and existing parks are often used, which are reconstructed when extremely important.

Olympic complexes with stadiums for 80,100 or more thousand spectators and other structures are public recreation areas that require clarity and clarity of plan with a dominant center (the center of the composition in Munich is the central arena and theater; in Montreal - Olympic Stadium) and functional zoning of the territory: for example, in Munich there are two zones: sports and Olympic village.

When zoning the territory of the Olympic complex, the following can be distinguished: zones

sports- for basic sports;

training,

sports devices,

Olympic Village,

entertainment,

service.

Taking into account the dependence of the design task and composition, individual zones can be combined - like sports and training; absent - entertainment area; or can be added to them, for example, water sports area, cycling etc.

When zoning the territory of sports parks for sanitary reasons and to ensure the safety of participants and spectators, a significant removal of some sports is provided, such as motorboating, shooting, automobile, equestrian, etc.

The Olympic complex of the Moscow Olympics consisted of several territories, and sports facilities in Leningrad, Kiev, and Minsk were used to host football matches. Sailing regatta took place in Tallinn. The main part of the competitions, the opening and closing ceremonies of the '80 Olympics' took place in the main sports complex in Luzhniki, an area of 180 hectares, located in a bend of the Moscow River;

The main structures of Luzhniki included: large and small arenas, Sports Palace, swimming pool, multi-purpose gym friendship.

The core of the sports park complex is sports arena for 103 thousand spectators, to which the shortest roads lead from parking lots and transport stops - metro, trolleybus, bus.

From the embankment of the park there is a view of the river, Vorobyovy Gory, and the city. Other buildings of the complex are located on Mira Avenue - the area of the site with a universal indoor hall for 35 thousand people. - 20 hectares; in Krylatskoye - 750 hectares with a rowing canal and a bicycle track; in the Bitsevsky forest area - equestrian center; in Mytishchi - bullet and clay pigeon shooting.

The most interesting architectural and planning solutions for Olympic complexes are those that widely use the park environment with its sanitizing and aesthetic qualities.

An example of the use of reclaimed territory and its merging with old parks (English Garden, Nymphenburg Castle Park) is the Olympic complex in Munich with an area of 300 hectares.

Its territory includes the former airfield, now Olimpic village; a site of a former city dump, transformed into picturesque recreational landscapes with green hills with pine trees, oaks, a chaos of granite blocks, waterfalls, streams, a pond, a canal. The center of the composition is Olympic Square with a stadium. The main alley, up to 120 m wide in places, is covered with cable-stayed roofing. The main pedestrian roads on the territory of the complex are laid on raised embankments, all intersections with transport highways are resolved at different levels. External transport is represented by the metro, high-speed railway, etc.

Characteristic of Olympic complexes are the large-scale design of structures - giant stadiums; clearing pre-stadium areas, clear construction of pedestrian and transport roads, 10...120m wide, occupying 60...70% of the entire territory.

Former Olympic complexes, for the most part, continue to operate as ordinary sports parks.

A special place among sports parks is occupied by hydroparks. This is a new park facility in the city, which was developed in the second half of the 20th century.

Hydropark - an area with a high proportion of water area in the overall balance of park areas - (over 25% of the territory consists of reservoirs), intended for mass recreation for physical education and sports, cultural and educational events, entertainment, quiet rest.

The large size of hydroparks allows you to create comfortable recreational conditions in a natural environment for all age groups. Thanks to beaches and sports facilities, a high recreational capacity is created - approximately 500 people per 1 hectare.

In hydroparks, where sports and recreational functions predominate, beaches, sports facilities, structures are created - bridges, boathouses, yacht clubs, harbors for sailing and motor vessels, boat stations; entertainment attractions - hydrocarousel, water jump, toboggans, water cascades; water theater venues and restaurants.

Taking into account the dependence on the nature of the territory, natural conditions, functional orientation, composition, the territory of the hydropark is divided into zones: sports, entertainment, cultural and educational, children's playgrounds, services.

Large areas of hydroparks should be conveniently served by city (suburban electric trains, metro, ships, boats, trams, trolleybuses, buses), as well as intra-park transport.

The volume-spatial organization of hydroparks is characterized by the presence of open spaces - ponds, beaches, clearings and meadows.

Technological progress of the 20th century opened up a number of possibilities for creating parks on the water. For example, in Canada, on Lake Huron, an underwater park called Fathom Five has been designed with routes for scuba divers and aquanauts. In Japan, indoor mini-hydroparks are being built, such as the Summerland (summer country) complex with beaches, palm trees, and seawater pools; sea beach with an oceanarium in the form of a liner, area 5 hectares; Marine Park and Oceanarium in Hong Kong, opened in 1977; water tourism complexes “Marinas” take place in the USA, and are intended for short-term and long-term recreation.

Marine parks are divided into two types: underwater park and coastal park. Sometimes they are combined into a single ensemble with ground and underwater parts.

Unlike hydroparks, in ordinary sports parks ponds occupy up to 20% of the entire territory or there are none at all. At the same time, sports parks are smaller in size; most often they occupy an area of up to 100 hectares. For example, a sports park in Bucharest - 90 hectares; Reutlingen - 50; Tremblay - 75; Tashkent - 30; Tbilisi - about 50 hectares.

Sports area in parks it occupies approximately 50...70% of the entire territory, and, therefore, sites, roads, and structures make up a significantly larger share in the balance of the territory than in other park objects. In large sports parks, over 100...200 hectares are allocated for quiet rest area, which unites all zones of the park (it is recommended to allocate up to 50% of the territory). A children's sector is being created in a quiet recreation area.

The core of a sports park is usually a stadium (in Luzhniki), sometimes a complex of buildings or a ground floor composition;

Architectural and planning solutions for sports parks are varied and are based on the contrast of open and closed landscapes (Fig. 52).

According to the requirements, sports devices are oriented with their wide side from north to south; small deflection angles -5... 15° are permissible; in the Arctic - up to 25°. The site for the towns is designed in the direction to the north, northeast.

Landscaping is subject to requirements regarding wind protection, noise protection, and the playing space should not be shaded, while creating a calm background for playing ball.

According to existing standards, under green area The sports complex is allocated 30...50% of the area.

The width of protective planting strips along the perimeter (border) of the sports complex and sports facilities should be at least 5 m with one or two rows of trees and shrubs.

Nice background for tennis court represent vines - maiden grapes, Amur grapes. In some cases they use thuja western, creating a calm background and protection from winds; Plants are placed no closer than 5 m from the boundaries of the site.

When perimeter landscaping of sports grounds, the texture and color of foliage and the nature of flowering are taken into account. Plants with light foliage, as well as flowering shrubs action, spirea They are not recommended for framing sports fields, as they create a poor background due to the structure of the bush, the openwork of the crowns, and the light tonality.

Excluded from the assortment are plants that litter playgrounds and outdoor swimming pools - with needles, seeds, flower petals; susceptible to windbreak - silver maple; frost-damaged - exotics; early fallers - introduced plant species.

The work of the park harmoniously combines various forms of cultural and educational work, science and technology classes, sports activities and entertainment in a natural setting.

Most Austrian resorts are charming villages in valleys with forested slopes for skiing and boarding. Skiing altitudes at Austrian resorts range from 700 to 3000 meters.

Picturesque views of Austria.

Switzerland offers a range of well-equipped ski slopes. The ski areas reach a height of 3820 meters. The main ski areas are located at altitudes above 1000 meters. The slopes are known for the highest and most difficult runs in the Alps, but there are also extensive ski areas of intermediate difficulty. There are many lifts with high productivity, which allows you to avoid queues.

Along the entire northern Italian border, skiers will find high-mountain slopes with a variety of trails - from the narrowest to the incredibly wide, where there are no problems with snow. Ski areas are located at altitudes from 800 to 3000 m, most often within the range of 1000-2500 m.

The tiny principality of Andorra is located between France and Spain. Despite its apparent isolation, for 40 years Andorra has firmly retained its reputation as one of the most fashionable ski resorts Europe. The slopes are densely covered with a network of ski stations equipped with snow cannons. 277 km ski slopes, distributed across resorts: united by one ski pass. There are ski schools. All conditions have been created for those who go on vacation with children. While parents enjoy the delights of the slopes of Grau Roz, the children are cared for by experienced kindergarten teachers with a ski specialization. there are helipads - for heli-ski lovers,

Andorra is especially charming because of its unique traditions and customs, which harmoniously combine the cultures of France and Spain.

Heli-ski lovers. Slopes of Andora.

enthusiasm alpine skiing plus the ability to quickly get to “your” slope by car led to the development of tiny but very cozy mini-ski centers in Central Russia.

The most famous skiing spots include: Nizhny Novgorod and Ulyanovsk, Togliatti and Zhigulevsk on the Volga, Valdai Upland.

Samara is home to the most interesting and developing ski resort- Red Glinka. There are three whole slopes here. North, Central, where the best snow park in the Volga region is equipped: several jumps and a halfpipe 115 m long. And another calm track 700-800 m long. The slopes are equipped with drag lifts, one 700 m long, another 4 cable lifts of 200 m each. 400 m. The turnstile operates from a laminated card with a barcode. There is a bar, a parking lot, sporting goods store. You can even spend the night in a tiny hotel.

Lecture 17. Sports parks - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Lecture 17. Sports parks" 2017, 2018.

Sports equipment located on the street is an indispensable attribute of any site built during the period Soviet Union. In those days, they cared about the health of the nation, and today this initiative has found a second wind. Installed throughout the country street sport equipment , thanks to which children from an early age can instill in themselves a love of sports and develop physically.

What is included in the category of sports equipment?

Since children do not yet understand the importance of sports, such activities should be presented to them in the form of a game. For this purpose, there are a variety of gaming simulators for kindergartens, schools and just for the street. They look interesting and arouse interest younger generation. Equipment for sports grounds often painted in bright colors to attract attention.

You can purchase these varieties from us adult and children's sports equipment:

built-in trampolines;
complex and simple sports complexes;
velodromes;
skate parks;
football and basketball courts;
tennis, chess and other tables;
simulators;
workout equipment;
dynamic structures;
sports modules and grounds;
and much more!

In each subcategory there are many different sports equipment of different directions, costs and dimensions. We can offer both small children's sports grounds , as well as full-scale parks for workout, cycling, skateboarding and other sports equipment. You can also find simulators for fulfilling GTO standards - another glorious tradition that has returned from oblivion and now benefits our children.

Children's sports: safety comes first!

Everyone knows that a playground is a rather dangerous place. What can we say about outdoor sports fields? Fortunately, today the problem of child injuries at such facilities has been practically solved. Modern equipment, which can be purchased in the New Park catalog, is created taking into account all potential dangers and situations in which children can harm their health. In the simulators, all moving parts are hidden in a casing so that the guys do not get their fingers or hair pinched. Sharp parts are rounded off or hidden under a covering of soft material so that even in the event of an impact they do not leave significant damage.

It is also important to note that all specimens presented by us equipment for sports grounds have been double checked. The first - at the manufacturer. The second is at the company's warehouse " New park", where we check every incoming projectile. Therefore, you can always buy from us Sports Equipment for children with a quality guarantee. We care about our future - children - so we simply do not put on sale sports ground equipment that we doubt.