What is a neutral flag and why do athletes perform under it? Congratulations on victory in a competition, sports competition, Olympiad in verse and prose Olympic wreath in ancient Greece

Modern sports- that's a lot of money. No one is surprised anymore by the multimillion-dollar fees paid to the winners of major sports competitions. I wonder how the winners of the Olympic Games were awarded in Ancient Greece?

The main reward for the winner of the ancient Olympics was a laurel wreath, the branches of which were cut from the sacred olive tree that grew next to the temple of Zeus. Moreover, the branches had to be cut with a golden knife by a boy who came from a noble family. There was one more condition: this boy must have both parents alive.

The Olympic champion was awarded in the presence of numerous spectators, the speaker praised the winner and his homeland. And when leaving the stadium, enthusiastic fans often carried the champion in their arms.

The next award ceremony took place when the Olympic hero returned to his homeland. Enthusiastic fellow countrymen expressed their admiration for the champion and, as a token of gratitude for glorifying their hometown, presented him with a material reward. In Athens, a law was even passed according to which the winner of the Olympics received 500 drachmas.

Poets wrote odes of praise to their compatriots, which were sung by the choir. In addition, the winner of the Games had the right to erect his statue in Olympia. The only question was financing. If an athlete came from a noble family, he could pay for the order for the production of the statue himself, but most often the funds were allocated by the winner’s hometown or one of the wealthy patrons. Often the most famous masters worked on the sculptures, and accordingly, the payment was considerable. Pedestals were often decorated with poems dedicated to the champion.

As we can see, the winners of the Games in Ancient Greece enjoyed universal respect. But in 394 Olympic Games were banned by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I, who called them “a relic of paganism.” The break lasted more than 1500 years.

Only in 1896, on the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens. Professionals were prohibited from competing in them, therefore, the winners of the first Olympiads could not count on significant financial rewards.

In this regard, we can recall an interesting incident that occurred in 1912 at the Games in Stockholm. American Indian Jim Thorpe won the track and field pentathlon and decathlon. Soon after the Olympics, one of the meticulous journalists found a note in the newspaper that Thorpe played for a semi-professional baseball team several years before the Games and received small money.

The Olympic Committee reacted immediately, Thorpe was stripped of the title of champion and was forced to return his awards. The athlete was rehabilitated only in 1983, however, the athlete himself died 30 years before this event.

Congratulations, keep it up!
I wish you new achievements,
Win as often as possible
Know neither tears nor defeats!

Let it be easy and without difficulty
You get victories
May it always be before you
Your opponents are giving up!

Cheers cheers! Victory!
We hasten to congratulate you.
It’s not for nothing that you tried
And they showed class!

The taste of victory is wonderful
It can't be compared to anything
Try your best
You pass it on to others.

We wish you more
Such big victories!
They inspire us
And their light makes them happy!

Congratulations on a bright and worthy victory! Well done. I wish to continue in the same spirit, I wish not to stop there and each time achieve my victory even faster and more confidently. Good luck to you, perseverance and perseverance. And let the support of loved ones and their love always add strength.

Your victory did not come in vain,
A lot of work has been put in
A lot of strength, perseverance, patience,
Your will was strong!

At this hour we congratulate you
We wish you many new heights.
Success, fortune, good luck!
Even more victories to boot!

Let others say:
The main thing is participation...
Only victory gives us
Pleasure, happiness!

Congratulations on your victory,
From the bottom of our hearts, we wish you:
Without hints and embellishments,
Win a hundred times more!

Well, one more peak -
There are no unconquered people in the world!
And there is a reason for joy,
After all, victory has been won!

I just want to develop
Success, new achievements,
Go forward and don't give up
You can do anything, there is no doubt about it!

You are a winner. This is great!
You were the first, you are the best.
Let the moments of victory multiply
And your success will not be the last.

I wish you to always be on top
And believe in your talent and strength.
Let your star light up
Any doors will open!

We are glad to congratulate you on your brightest victory,
We wish you not to lose further success,
Don’t let annoyances and troubles scare you,
They will only become stronger every day!

Let courage and perseverance never leave you
And they walk next to you through life,
Congratulations on a worthy victory a hundred times,
More such awesome minutes!

Congratulations on your victory
The path to her was not easy.
But now there's fanfare
Joyfully and loudly.

You didn't train in vain,
The goals were achieved.
Walked stubbornly, without giving up,
They didn't lose faith.

May victory bring joy
Pride and recognition.
And they always bring good luck
Your beginnings!

I congratulate you on your victory,
I wish: Always keep it this way!
Let her only inspire you,
To take part again!

Let this success excite you for a long time,
To strive to win in everything,
May luck kiss you
To gain the upper hand more than once again!

Sweet victory is nearby today,
Let it continue only on the road,
Defeats in business so as not to find out
And always be confident and shine in everything!

The aroma of triumph, joy always,
And may only fate be favorable,
And there are many new, grandiose aspirations,
Don’t be shy about all the ambitious plans!

In the last century there was a great army of Soviet athletes. These people fought courageously for victories, bringing joy to their fans, raising the prestige of the country, developing soviet sport. All of them were idols of youth of that time. Remembering famous athletes, it is impossible not to say about the main events sports life Soviet period.

The main achievements of the athletes were, of course, the Olympic Games. The Soviet Union took part in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1952, at the Helsinki Olympics. In those games, the Soviet country won 22 gold medals, 30 silver and 19 bronze.

The first Olympic medalist – Nina Apollonovna Ponomareva-Romashkova

The first gold medal of the USSR was won by Nina Apollonovna Ponomareva - Romashkova. The athlete began her sports career in running disciplines, and later became interested in discus throwing. Immediately after the games in Helsinki, the gold medalist set a world record in discus throwing - the throw range was then 53 meters 61 centimeters. Next in sports career Nina had many victories, including new records. Since 1966, Nina Apollonovna switched to coaching work, prepared growing female athletes for new victories.

On the ice arena. Irina Rodnina

Many victories Soviet Union brought by hockey team players and representatives figure skating. At world competitions, Soviet athletes had no equal on the ice in terms of strength and skill. Irina Rodnina has become famous among figure skating masters since 1963, performing at all-Union youth competitions. From 1964 to 1969, life on the ice was not easy for Irina. Under the guidance of coach S.A. Zhuk, who complicated the program many times, with his partner Alexei Ulanov, Irina went to the European Championship. The couple took first place in free skating, and Irina received the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.

For her victory at the Olympics in 1972, Rodnina was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. On the eve of the performance, the athlete suffered a traumatic brain injury during training, but she did not give up the performance and overcame her painful condition. Since the fall of 1972, Irina began performing in tandem with Alexander Zaitsev. Figure skating fans will remember this duo for a long time.

Golden goalkeeper – Vladislav Tretyak

There is hardly a more famous figure in hockey than Vladislav Tretyak.

The first goalkeeper of our country, many times recognized as the best at the world championships, recognized best hockey player last century. The legendary Soviet athlete, the first European to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto in 1997. Three-time Olympic champion who won gold; 10-time world champion; 9-time European champion; A 13-time champion of the USSR, whose books were published in different languages, were printed four times and were instantly sold out in America. Since 2006 - President of the Russian Hockey Federation.

Storm of the Gate - Valery Kharlamov

Another legendary athlete is CSKA scorer Valery Kharlamov, whose life was tragically cut short. A man who once beat his fate. Two-time Olympic champion in 1972 and 1976. An 8-time world champion, Valery began playing sports as a small, sickly boy. It was impossible to give his age to him in appearance - he was so short. But what would Soviet hockey be without him? He received many honors justly, because he has 438 matches for CSKA and 293 goals in his matches. At the World Cup and Olympics - 123 matches, 89 goals.

The best scorer in the history of the World Hockey Championships - won 155 points in 105 matches. Fate did not spare him, but he did not give up. Once he got into a car accident, trained for a long time and finally went on the ice again. Later, as a result of a fatal mistake, he also dies in a car accident. Two children remain, a girl and a boy. And here hockey club came to the rescue. The fates of the hockey players were closely intertwined; they were all family. Teammates looked after their little son Alexander, who also became a hockey player. It’s not surprising, because one of his mentors was Fetisov.

Vyacheslav Fetisov is an Honored Master of Sports of the USSR and an Honored Trainer of Russia. Defender of CSKA, and later of the Spartak club, who played 480 matches at the USSR and Russian championships and scored 153 goals. Winner of all top hockey titles. The areas of his activity today are anti-doping programs for athletes at different levels.

On a black and white field: about Karpov and Kasparov

There is hardly a person unfamiliar with the names Karpov and Kasparov. Ice and fire, struggle and hope. Lots of tournaments. The rating of the match between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov in 1984-85 does not decrease even today. Modern chess players learn to play from these matches, and old, experienced chess players are still trying to figure it out, look into that time from here, and understand what was most important in that period: integrity, determination, calculation and scientific skill. Anatoly Karpov is 64 years old this year, and Garry Kasparov is 52, he is a lecturer and entrepreneur.

Record holder Alexander Dityatin

Alexander Nikolaevich Dityatin is not just a three-time Olympic champion and 7 times world champion, he also distinguished himself by the fact that at the 1980 Olympics, held in Moscow, he earned 8 medals in all assessed categories. gymnastic exercises. It was with this record that he entered the Guinness Book of Records.

In the air as on the ground: Sergey Bubka

The famous Soviet and Ukrainian track and field athlete Sergei Nazarovich Bubka is familiar to many for his unforgettable pole vaulting. He is an Honored Master of Sports of the USSR and a champion of the 1986 Olympic Games, a 6-time world champion, who set his own world record in pole vaulting at 6.15. This record was broken only in February 2014. Strength, speed and technique are the main components that Sergei Bubka taught him to master. personal coach Vitaly Afanasyevich Petrov.

Boxer Kostya Tszyu is an Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, he became the USSR champion three times, was a two-time European champion and once a world amateur champion. Konstantin Tszyu develops his own training methods professional boxers and successfully conducts training famous athletes Nowadays.

One of the greatest Greco-Roman wrestlers. This athlete managed to compete not only for the USSR national team, but also for Russia. He won the Olympic Games once as part of the USSR national team and two more times as part of Russia. He also has 9 victories at the World Championships and 12 European Championships. Confessed best athletes year in the world, included in the list of the 25 greatest athletes of the 20th century. He won 888 fights and lost only 2 times. There were even cases when opponents were simply afraid and refused to go against him.

In the sports of Soviet times, there were no losers and the victories of athletes from the USSR were incomparable with the victories of many foreign representatives. Russian sport These days he continues to delight his fans with his bright victories.

In Paris, a commission to revive the Olympic Games met in the Great Hall of the Sorbonne. Baron Pierre de Coubertin became its general secretary. Then the International Olympic Committee - the IOC - was formed, which included the most authoritative and independent citizens of different countries.

The first modern Olympic Games were originally planned to be held in the same stadium in Olympia that hosted the Olympic Games of Ancient Greece. However, this required too much restoration work, and the first revived Olympic competitions took place in the Greek capital, Athens.

On April 6, 1896, at the restored ancient stadium in Athens, the Greek King George declared the first Olympic Games of modern times open. The opening ceremony was attended by 60 thousand spectators.

The date of the ceremony was not chosen by chance - on this day, Easter Monday coincided with three directions of Christianity at once - Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism. This first opening ceremony of the Games laid the foundation for two olympic traditions- opening of the Games by the head of state where the competitions are taking place, and the performance of the Olympic anthem. However, such indispensable attributes modern Games, like the parade of participating countries, the ceremony of lighting the Olympic flame and the recitation of the Olympic oath, there was no; they were introduced later. There was no Olympic village; invited athletes provided their own housing.

241 athletes from 14 countries took part in the Games of the First Olympiad: Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary (at the time of the Games, Hungary was part of Austria-Hungary, but Hungarian athletes competed separately), Germany, Greece, Denmark, Italy , USA, France, Chile, Switzerland, Sweden.

Russian athletes were quite actively preparing for the Olympics, but due to lack of funds Russian team was not aimed at the Games.

As in ancient times, only men took part in the competitions of the first modern Olympics.

The program of the first Games included nine sports - classical wrestling, cycling, gymnastics, Athletics, swimming, shooting, tennis, weightlifting and fencing. 43 sets of awards were drawn.

According to ancient tradition, the Games began with athletic competitions.

Athletics competitions became the most popular - 63 athletes from 9 countries took part in 12 events. The largest number of species - 9 - were won by representatives of the United States.

First Olympic champion American athlete James Connolly won the triple jump with a score of 13 meters 71 centimeters.

Wrestling competitions were held without uniform approved rules for conducting fights, and there were also no weight categories. The style in which the athletes competed was close to today's Greco-Roman, but it was allowed to grab the opponent's legs. Only one set of medals was played among five athletes, and only two of them competed exclusively in wrestling - the rest took part in competitions in other disciplines.

Because the artificial swimming pools there was no swimming competition in Athens, the swimming competition was held in an open bay near the city of Piraeus; the start and finish were marked by ropes attached to the floats. The competition aroused great interest - by the start of the first swim, about 40 thousand spectators had gathered on the shore. About 25 swimmers from six countries took part, most of them naval officers and sailors of the Greek merchant fleet.

Medals were awarded in four events, all swims were held “freestyle” - you were allowed to swim in any way, changing it along the course. At that time, the most popular swimming methods were breaststroke, overarm (an improved way of swimming on the side) and treadmill style. At the insistence of the Games organizers, the program also included an applied swimming event - 100 meters in sailor's clothing. Only Greek sailors took part in it.

In cycling, six sets of medals were awarded - five on the track and one on the road. The track races took place at the Neo Faliron velodrome, specially built for the Games.

In competitions on artistic gymnastics Eight sets of awards were awarded. The competition took place outdoors at the Marble Stadium.

Five sets of awards were awarded in shooting - two in rifle shooting and three in pistol shooting.

Tennis competitions took place on the courts of the Athens Tennis Club. Two tournaments were held - singles and doubles. At the 1896 Games there was no requirement that all team members represent the same country, and some pairs were international.

Weightlifting competitions were held without division into weight categories and included two disciplines: squeezing a ball barbell with two hands and lifting a dumbbell with one hand.

Three sets of awards were competed for in fencing. Fencing became the only sport where professionals were allowed: separate competitions were held among “maestros” - fencing teachers (“maestros” were also admitted to the 1900 Games, after which this practice ceased).

The highlight of the Olympic Games was the marathon running. Unlike all subsequent Olympic marathon competitions, the marathon distance at the Games of the First Olympics was 40 kilometers. Classic length marathon distance— 42 kilometers 195 meters. The Greek postman Spyridon Louis finished first with a result of 2 hours 58 minutes 50 seconds, who became a national hero after this success. Except Olympic awards he received a gold cup established by the French academician Michel Breal, who insisted on inclusion in the Games program marathon running, a barrel of wine, a coupon for free food for a year, free tailoring of a dress and the use of a hairdresser for life, 10 quintals of chocolate, 10 cows and 30 rams.

Olympic medal - a badge of honor for an individual or team sports achivments in competitions at the Olympic Games, is also considered paraphernalia used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the cause Olympic movement worldwide.

The Olympic medal has a certain gradation:

• · gold medal - for first place;
• · silver medal - for second place;
• · bronze medal - for third place.

In the competitions of the Ancient Olympic Games, the reward was not a medal; it was created much later. In antiquity, the awards could be anything: Hercules was awarded a wreath of wild olive, and various prizes were awarded at subsequent Hellenic national Olympic Games. King Endymion gave up his kingdom for the victory, but his sons were participants. The winner received a large sum of gold coins, fame and various valuables. During the 293 Olympiads of Ancient Greece, many prizes were awarded to approximately 330 participants, but not a single medal was forged or given away.

For the first time, the decision to introduce the tradition of awarding medals to the winners of the Olympic Games was made by the First Olympic Congress in 1894, two years before the First Olympic Games, held in France, in the city of Paris. All the basic rules of awards and fundamental principles were spelled out in the main collection of statutory documents of the Olympic movement - the Olympic Charter. The main principle described in the Olympic Charter was the distribution of medals to the winners depending on the places taken: the first and second place athletes are awarded medals made of 925-carat silver, and the winner's medal must be plated with six grams of pure gold (the fineness is not specified). The diameter of the medal itself is about 60 mm, thickness 3 mm. For 3rd place, athletes are awarded bronze medals. The dimensions were set, but they changed over the years. The shape was also changed, the usual round shape was canceled in 1900 at the Games of the II Olympiad, and at the III Winter Olympics medals: gold, silver and bronze were awarded to three athletes who showed best results in competition. IN team sports All team members receive sports medals of equal value.

The design of the medals awarded to athletes at the first eight Summer Olympic Games was different and was developed independently by each Organizing Committee. From 1920 to 2000, a standard design was used for the obverse of Olympic medals. Goddess Nike with a palm branch in right hand, honoring the winner. The reverse of the medal changed depending on the wishes of the country where the Games were held. Since 2004, this tradition has been abandoned and both sides of the medal are made according to the unique design of the Games organizers.

The diameter of the medal of the 2008 Games was 70 mm, thickness 6 mm.

Gold medals are generally made primarily of silver. Thus, at the 2008 Games, the gold medal weighed about 150 grams, which included approximately 6 grams of gold. Silver medals are made from silver, bronze from copper.

At the games of 1896 and 1900, only athletes who took 1st and 2nd place were awarded medals. There was no gold medal then, and only silver and bronze were awarded. Moreover, at the 1900 Games, in many events medals were not awarded at all, and instead the organizers awarded participants with cups and diplomas. However, for consistency in reference literature, gold, silver and bronze medals are used for these games as well.

Until 1960, medals were made without fastenings and were awarded directly to the winners. Organizers of the 1960 Games in Rome for the first time made thin bronze chains in the shape of an olive branch so that medals could be hung around the necks of athletes. It is interesting that, introducing an innovation not provided for by the rules, the organizers played it safe and gave the girls who brought out the medals for awarding scissors to quickly cut the chains in case of objections. However, I liked the idea, and since then Olympic medals chains or ribbons are attached.

The most different medal shapes were cast for the XI Winter Olympic Games in 1972, the XIX Winter Olympic Games in 2002, and in 1998 for the XVIII Games medals were produced with an additional gap melted on top for easy threading of the ribbon. This idea was later applied to almost all Olympic medals.

Award ceremonies. Olympic symbols award anthem

Award ceremonies must be held in accordance with the protocol defined by the IOC. Medals and diplomas are presented by the Organizing Committee for presentation by the International Olympic Committee to which they belong.

Medals at the Olympic Games are presented by the President of the IOC (or his designated IOC member), accompanied by the President of the relevant IF (or his deputy), if possible immediately after the end of the competition and in the same place where it was held. Medals are awarded in the following way: 1st, 2nd and 3rd place athletes take their places on the podium (they must wear their official or sports uniform), facing the official podium, the winner is slightly taller than the second runner-up, who is standing to his right, and the third runner-up, who is to his left. The names of these winners, as well as those awarded an Olympic diploma, are announced. The flag of the delegation of the country of the winning athlete is raised on the central mast, and the flags of the countries of the second and third prize-winners are raised on adjacent masts, to the right and left of the central one, when facing the arena. During the performance (in an abbreviated version) of the national anthem in honor of the winner, all three medalists stand facing the flags.

In individual competitions, the first prize consists of a gold-plated silver medal and diploma, the second prize consists of a silver medal and diploma, and the third prize consists of a bronze medal and diploma. Medals must identify the sport and event for which they are awarded and the medals must be attached to a removable chain or ribbon so that it can be placed around the athlete's neck. Athletes who place fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth also receive a diploma, but not a medal. In the event of a tie for first, second or third place, each participant is entitled to a medal and diploma.

In team sports and team competitions in other sports, each member of the winning team that participated in at least one match or competition during the Olympic Games is entitled to a gold medal and a diploma, each member of the second-place team is entitled to a silver medal and a diploma, and the third-place team is entitled to a silver medal and diploma; bronze medal and diploma. The remaining members of these teams are only entitled to receive a diploma. Members of the teams that took fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth places receive diplomas.

Closing ceremony of the Olympic Games.

The Closing Ceremony must be held at the stadium at the end of all competitions. Participants of the Olympic Games entitled to be accommodated in Olympic Village, take their assigned places in the stands. The flag bearers of the participating delegations and those carrying banners enter the stadium in a column one at a time in the same order and occupy the same places in the center of the field as at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. Athletes march behind them, regardless of nationality. The standard bearers form a semicircle behind the podium.

The IOC President and the OCOG President rise to the podium. To the sound of the Greek national anthem, the Greek flag is raised on the mast to the right of the central mast used for the medal ceremony. The host country's flag is then raised on the central mast during the playing of the anthem. Finally, on the left mast, to the sounds of the anthem of the country hosting the next Olympic Games, its flag is raised.

The mayor of the host city joins the IOC President on the podium and hands him the Olympic flag. The IOC President hands it over to the mayor of the host city of the next Olympic Games. This flag must be displayed in the main municipal building of the host city of the next Olympic Games.

After the address of the OCOG President, the IOC President makes a final speech, declares the Olympic Games closed and names the city where the next Games will be held.

Fanfare sounds are heard, extinguished olympic flame and to the sounds of the Olympic anthem, the Olympic flag is slowly lowered from the flagpole and carried (unfolded, in a horizontal position) from the field, followed by the standard bearers. A farewell song is performed.