June 23 is celebrated as International Olympic Day. International Olympic Day. What is in Russia

The Japanese name for Japan, Nihon (日本), consists of two parts - ni (日) and hon (本), both of which are Sinicisms. The first word (日) in modern Chinese is pronounced rì and, as in Japanese, means “sun” (represented in writing by its ideogram). The second word (本) in modern Chinese is pronounced bӗn. Its original meaning is "root", and the ideogram representing it is the ideogram of the tree mù (木) with a dash added at the bottom to indicate the root. From the meaning of “root” the meaning of “origin” developed, and it was in this sense that it entered the name of Japan Nihon (日本) – “origin of the sun” > “land of the rising sun” (modern Chinese rì bӗn). In ancient Chinese, the word bӗn (本) also had the meaning of “scroll, book.” In modern Chinese it is replaced in this sense by the word shū (書), but remains in it as a counting word for books. The Chinese word bӗn (本) was borrowed into Japanese both in the sense of "root, origin" and "scroll, book", and in the form hon (本) means book in modern Japanese. The same Chinese word bӗn (本) meaning “scroll, book” was also borrowed into the ancient Turkic language, where, after adding the Turkic suffix -ig, it acquired the form *küjnig. The Türks brought this word to Europe, where it from the language of the Danube Turkic-speaking Bulgars in the form knig entered the language of the Slavic-speaking Bulgarians and, through Church Slavonic, spread to other Slavic languages, including Russian.

Thus, the Russian word book and the Japanese word hon "book" have a common root of Chinese origin, and the same root is included as a second component in the Japanese name for Japan Nihon.

I hope everything is clear?)))

Every year around the world, June 23 is celebrated as “International Olympic Day”.
This holiday was born in 1948, when the International Olympic Committee, during its 42nd session, noted the need to perpetuate the date June 23, as the date of birth of the first Olympics in Greece, which was held in 1896.
Public figure and IOC activist Pierre de Coubertin headed the International Olympic Committee that year and made a proposal to the United Nations to include this day in the register of holidays and memorable dates of humanity. Since 1949, “International Olympic Day” has been celebrated annually.
Today, the Olympic movement covers more than 200 countries around the world, where more than five billion people live. Every year, according to tradition, marathon races are organized on this day in the capitals of countries that have signed the Olympic Charter.
International Olympic Day is an unofficial holiday, which is included in the register of memorable and holiday dates of the Russian Federation. It is not a day off (if it falls on a weekday).

Every 4 years, new Olympic champions are identified in our world. The Olympics are events that bring out strong athletes not only physically, but also spiritually. There is an International Olympic Day in June. On this day, it is customary to hold a mass race for citizens of any age and any level of training. On one of these days I had to participate in a race. I really liked this event. On this day I made new acquaintances and friends.

Such events are created in order to strengthen the general spirit, develop willpower, develop physical fitness and maintain sports culture at a high level.

A sedentary lifestyle and constant use of computer equipment reduces activity and reduces the load on the body. This deteriorates your well-being and health. Therefore, youth, schoolchildren and the older generation need to regularly perform physical exercise, To go to sport sections and try to become Olympic champions.

Olympic champions are respected all over the world. These are the people who have great endurance, willpower and desire to win. Olympic champions are not born with all the abilities that helped them win. Olympic champions develop all these abilities through daily work, grueling workouts and constant pursuit of excellence.

I like watching the Olympic Games on TV. It's always very exciting and quite interesting. Sometimes I imagine myself as an Olympic champion with a medal around my neck. I want the citizens of our country to win at all Olympics and for everyone to respect our athletes. Therefore the celebration olympic day I think it's correct. Such sports days there should be as many as possible all over the world.

4th grade. 7-8 sentences

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The long-awaited summer has arrived. Three months of rest. My parents decided to spend it not at the dacha, but to take me to the sea. So that I tan and improve my health. Because I can't handle heat well
The main characters of Tale of Igor's Campaign (characteristics in the table)
Igor is a Grand Duke who has great power over people and lands. In the word he is presented as a brave, courageous, ambitious, but proud and rash man

Every year on June 23, International Olympic Day is celebrated all over the world. Librarian Yana Skipina talks about the history of the revival of the Olympic movement and remarkable facts.

The Olympic Games are the world's largest sporting competitions, held every four years. The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece, held in Olympia, were a religious sports festival. The first documented games date back to 776 BC. e., although it is known that games were held earlier. It is noteworthy that during the sacred games it was forbidden to continue any military operations.

Pierre de Coubertin

On June 23, 1894, at the International Athletic Congress held at the Sorbonne University (Paris), French public figure and sports promoter Baron Pierre de Coubertin presented a report on the revival and organization of the Ancient Greek Olympic Games. De Coubertin's proposal was accepted by the congress participants, and it was also decided to hold these competitions every four years with representatives from all countries invited to participate. On the same day, a special body was created to organize the games - the International Olympic Committee, which included representatives of twelve participating countries, including Russia, Greece, France, Denmark, Spain, Italy, England, and the USA. The first president of the Committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, and the general secretary was the ideological inspirer, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. From Russia, the first representative on the Olympic Committee was Alexey Dmitrievich Butovsky, a general of the Russian army, a teacher and promoter of sports and healthy image life. He was a member of the committee for six years.

It was decided to hold the games of the 1st Olympiad in 1896 in Greece, the forefather country of these competitions. On April 6, 1896, the first modern Olympic Games opened in Athens. Then, among 241 athletes from 14 countries, medals were competed in 9 sports. And in 2004, more than a hundred years later, in Olympic Games More than 15 thousand athletes and officials from 202 countries have already taken part in Greece. Medals have already been awarded in 28 sports.

The Olympic Games, also known as the Summer Olympics, began to be held every four years, with the exception of years during world wars. 1924 also saw the establishment of the Winter Olympics, which were originally held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. However, since 1994, it was decided to shift the timing of the Winter Olympic Games by two years relative to the timing of the Summer Games.

The idea of establishing a holiday dedicated to the Olympic movement throughout the world was proposed at the 41st session of the International Olympic Committee in 1947 in Stockholm, and at the 42nd session of the IOC in St. Moritz, the project was officially approved. The purpose of the holiday was to promote healthy lifestyle sports around the world, involve sports movement everyone, regardless of age, gender and nationality. Olympic Charter,the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, reads:

“The Olympic Movement aims to educate young people through sport in a spirit of better mutual understanding and friendship, thus contributing to the creation of a better and more peaceful world.”

On Olympic Day, all over the world, with the help of national Olympic committees Various sports, cultural and educational events are held - mass races, competitions, meetings with Olympic champions or famous people, thematic exhibitions, concerts, sports show programs. the main objective These events are the promotion of Olympic values, propaganda of the Olympic movement, sports and a healthy lifestyle.

The symbol of the Olympic Games is five rings fastened together, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world into Olympic movement. The color of the rings in the top row is blue, symbolizing Europe, black is Africa, red is America, in the bottom row is yellow for Asia, green for Australia.

There are several traditions and rituals of the Olympic Games:

Conducting the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games;

Ignition olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the fire is lit from the sun's rays in Olympia and delivered by torches by athletes to the host city of the next Games);

The recitation of the Olympic oath by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics are taking place on behalf of all participants in the games;

Taking an oath of impartial judging on behalf of the judges;

Presentation of medals to winners and prize-winners of competitions;

Raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.

The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable, prestigious and desirable in an athlete’s career; in almost all Olympic sports it is more honorable than the title of world champion.

All athletes, regardless of gender, nationality and political preferences, dream of an Olympic medal and consider it the highest award. And of course Olympic champions- the pride of any state.

Do you know what?

· At the first modern Olympics in Athens, athletes who took first place were awarded silver medals and olive branches. Second places were awarded bronze medals. While for third places the participants received nothing at all. And in Paris in 1900, athletes were awarded paintings for first place, because... such a prize was considered the most valuable. But in 1904, the city of St. Louis began awarding gold, silver and bronze medals for first, second and third places, respectively. This tradition continues to this day;

· In the modern Olympic Games, gold medals contain very little pure gold. According to the recommendations of the International Olympic Committee, in gold Olympic medals must contain at least 6 grams of pure gold per application. Usually, the organizers of the Games do not increase this figure, so Golden medal in the physical sense, mostly silver. But in the highest standard medals of the 2012 Olympics in London, the gold content is slightly more than 1%. IN last time medals cast from pure gold were received by athletes at the Olympics in Stockholm in 1912;

· From 1912 to 1948, Olympic medals were awarded not only to athletes, but also to cultural and artistic figures. Pierre de Coubertin, proposing to revive the Olympics, expressed the idea that competition should be both in sports and in art, but at the same time the works should have some relation to sports. There were five main medal categories: architecture, literature, music, painting and sculpture. However, after the 1948 Olympics, it was decided to abandon this, replacing the competitions with ordinary thematic exhibitions;

· The Chinese team did not win any Olympic events until 1984. However, in Beijing, within its native walls, China won one hundred medals, including 51 medals of the highest standard. The Celestial team was able to surprise the whole world with its perseverance and hard work.

· At the closing ceremony of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, one of the most spectacular elements was the image of the Olympic bear lined with colored shields; the feature of the number was its tear. But few people know that initially it was not in the script, but during the rehearsal one extra holding a shield mistakenly raised it up not with the dark side, but with the light side. When the leader said to change sides, all the extras in that row began to follow the order. As a result, the rolling wave immediately reminded everyone of a teardrop, and in this form it was included in the ceremony.

· The Olympic Games in Sochi are the twenty-second in a row winter games in history. It is noteworthy that in 1980 the twenty-second Summer Olympics were held in Moscow.

· During the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, McDonald's launched a marketing campaign. For each bronze medal won by American athletes, visitors were entitled to a free glass of cola, for a silver medal - a portion of French fries, for a gold medal - a Big Mac. However, such a promotion almost failed the company to financial disaster as the Soviet government decided not to send a delegation to the Olympics, causing the United States to win many more medals than planned.

· 106 daysThe Olympic Torch Marathon took place in Vancouver in 2010. Until recently, it was considered the longest and passed through 200 settlements with the participation of 12,000 people. But Russia broke all records. The 2014 Olympic torch relay began on October 7, 2013 in Moscow and ended on February 7, 2014 in Sochi. The Olympic flame has traveled more than 60,000 km, and the number of torchbearers has exceeded 14,000.

And literally at this time, the European Games are being held for the first time, which take place in Baku (Azerbaijan) from June 12 to 282015. 6,200 athletes from fifty European countries take part in the games and 253 sets of awards are awarded.

The symbols of the European Games in Baku were the images of Jeyran (gazelle) - a symbol of grace, natural beauty, elegance and purity, and Nara (pomegranate) - a symbol of life and energy. It was noted that Jeyran and Nar reflect the history of Azerbaijan and its promising future.

Yana Skipina, librarian of the Central Library named after. A.S. Pushkin

Every year on June 23, International Olympic Day is celebrated all over the world. Librarian Yana Skipina talks about the history of the revival of the Olympic movement and remarkable facts.

Pierre de Coubertin

On June 23, 1894, at the International Athletic Congress held at the Sorbonne University (Paris), French public figure and sports promoter Baron Pierre de Coubertin presented a report on the revival and organization of the Ancient Greek Olympic Games. De Coubertin's proposal was accepted by the congress participants, and it was also decided to hold these competitions every four years with representatives from all countries invited to participate. On the same day, a special body was created to organize the games - the International Olympic Committee, which included representatives of twelve participating countries, including Russia, Greece, France, Denmark, Spain, Italy, England, and the USA. The first president of the Committee was the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, and the general secretary was the ideological inspirer, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. From Russia, the first representative in the Olympic Committee was Alexey Dmitrievich Butovsky, general of the Russian army, teacher and promoter of sports and a healthy lifestyle. He was a member of the committee for six years.

It was decided to hold the games of the 1st Olympiad in 1896 in Greece, the forefather country of these competitions. On April 6, 1896, the first modern Olympic Games opened in Athens. Then, among 241 athletes from 14 countries, medals were competed in 9 sports. And in 2004, more than a hundred years later, more than 15 thousand athletes and officials from 202 countries took part in the Olympic Games in Greece. Medals have already been awarded in 28 sports.

The idea of establishing a holiday dedicated to the Olympic movement throughout the world was proposed at the 41st session of the International Olympic Committee in 1947 in Stockholm, and at the 42nd session of the IOC in St. Moritz, the project was officially approved. The purpose of the holiday was to promote sports and a healthy lifestyle throughout the world, to involve everyone in the sports movement, regardless of age, gender and nationality. Olympic Charter,the foundations of which were approved by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894, reads:

“The Olympic Movement aims to educate young people through sport in a spirit of better mutual understanding and friendship, thus contributing to the creation of a better and more peaceful world.”

On Olympic Day, various sports, cultural and educational events are held throughout the world by national Olympic committees - mass races, competitions, meetings with Olympic champions or famous people, thematic exhibitions, concerts, sports show programs. The main goal of these events is to promote Olympic values, popularize the Olympic movement, sports and a healthy lifestyle.

The symbol of the Olympic Games is five interconnected rings, symbolizing the unification of the five parts of the world in the Olympic movement. The color of the rings in the top row is blue, symbolizing Europe, black is Africa, red is America, in the bottom row is yellow for Asia, green for Australia.

There are several traditions and rituals of the Olympic Games:

Conducting the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games;

Lighting of the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (the flame is lit by the sun's rays in Olympia and carried by torches by athletes to the host city of the next Games);

The recitation of the Olympic oath by one of the outstanding athletes of the country in which the Olympics are taking place on behalf of all participants in the games;

Taking an oath of impartial judging on behalf of the judges;

Presentation of medals to winners and prize-winners of competitions;

Raising the national flag and singing the national anthem in honor of the winners.

The title of Olympic champion is the most honorable, prestigious and desirable in an athlete’s career; in almost all Olympic sports it is more honorable than the title of world champion.

All athletes, regardless of gender, nationality and political preferences, dream of an Olympic medal and consider it the highest award. And, of course, Olympic champions are the pride of any state.

Do you know what?

· In the modern Olympic Games, gold medals contain very little pure gold. According to International Olympic Committee recommendations, Olympic gold medals must contain at least 6 grams of pure gold in the form of coating. Usually, the organizers of the Games do not increase this figure, so the gold medal in the physical sense is mostly silver. But in the highest standard medals of the 2012 Olympics in London, the gold content is slightly more than 1%. The last time athletes received medals cast from pure gold was at the Olympics in Stockholm in 1912;

· The Olympic Games in Sochi are the twenty-second Winter Games in history. It is noteworthy that in 1980 the twenty-second Summer Olympics were held in Moscow.

Yana Skipina, librarian of the Central Library named after. A.S. Pushkin